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Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution, 2nd edition. |
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Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution, 2nd edition. |
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Keigo Akagi, Tosao Hosokawa, Yoshinari Hiroshiro, Kenji Jinno, Modeling of physical and geochemical behaviors of saltwater in a coastal aquifer, World Scientific Publishing Co., 10.1142/9789812707208_0031, 251-260, 2006.01, Groundwater quality is affected by the various reactions such as precipitation of dissolved ions, solid-liquid phase interaction, and the bacteriamediated reduction-oxidation process. The geochemical properties in coastal aquifers are unique and important for the management of groundwater environment. Although the studies analyzing the hydrological behaviors have been intensively done up to now, a study of coupling both groundwater flow and geochemical analysis is limited. In this study, the one-dimensional multicomponent solute transport model which accounts for the cation exchange reaction and the reduction reaction induced by anaerobic degradation is studied. It is found out both through experiment and numerical simulation that the cation exchange process is significant at the frontal part of the seawater infiltration, while reducing process by the bacteria mediation takes places at the entire soil column except for the top of the soil where dissolved oxygen infiltrates. Saltwater intrusion into a coastal aquifer is a traditional but still important for the hydro-geologists and civil engineers even at present time. Contamination of salt is a trouble for various freshwater uses. Therefore, much attention has been put on the movement and potential contamination. Meanwhile, the geophysical study is solely carried out. However, the consistent and accurate conclusion will be hardly obtained due to the complicated and limited information on the aquifer properties. In order to get a confident conclusion that can be agreed by the researchers in various fields, an interdisciplinary approach anticipating both hydrological and geochemical processes is indispensable.. |
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Yoshinari HIROSHIRO, Kei NAKAGAWA, Kenji JINNO, Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Second Edition, McGraw Hill Education, Chapter 69 Pollutant Transport in Groundwater, 2016.10, Groundwater has several special features. Among them mild temperature variation with depth, its unique taste influenced by the dissolved minerals and less seasonal variation in yield compared to surface water, are significant. Those features make the groundwater as an important source of water for drinking, agriculture and industry. Industrialization, rapid economic growths in countries, global population increase and intensive agriculture have seriously influenced on the sustainability of groundwater resources around the world. Extensive application of agro-chemicals, petroleum products, landfills, septic tanks and various underground waste storages are considered as the potential man-made contaminants when they leak into the groundwater while the natural deposits of poisonous minerals including heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium are also seriously affecting the quality of subsurface water quality. Although most of the natural toxic deposits are not hazardous until they remain in their natural repositories, the disturbances caused by mining, tunnel excavations and underground developments increase the risk of contamination of groundwater by exposing the groundwater to make contacts which aforementioned materials. Remediation of contaminant groundwater is costly and a highly advanced technology is sought if the contamination has caused by toxic elements such as heavy metals, nuclear wastes and human wastes. Leakages of toxic organic and inorganic components from storages, natural and man-made accidents cause groundwater hazards. Engineered ground water remediation technologies have emerged in recent years to recover the polluted groundwater and protect the existing aquifers from possible contaminants. Not only the technological advances, but also proper groundwater regulations and policies are essential to maintain a sustainable groundwater environment for industrial, agricultural and domestic requirements. In order to conserve the groundwater environment, sound understanding of the flow and transport of contaminants in subsurface environment is inevitable. This chapter presents the mechanics of groundwater and solute transport exposing several examples to enhance the understating aforementioned phenomenon.. |
