| 高田 正幸（たかだ まさゆき） | データ更新日：2024.04.18 |
教授 ／
芸術工学研究院
音響設計部門
音響デザイン学
| 1. | Hiroko Kataoka, Yuki Yoshitomi, Haruto Hirai, Masayuki Takada, An awareness survey on childcare facilities and acoustic environment in Japan's residential areas, JASA Express Letters, https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0024879, 4, 2, 023601, 2024.02, [URL]. |
| 2. | Masayuki Takada, Shoki Tsunekawa, Kazuma Hashimoto, Tamaki Inada, Ki-Hong Kim, Yoshinao Oeda, Katsuya Yamauchi, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Analysis of the effects and causes of driver horn use on the acoustic environment at urban intersections in Taiwan, Applied Sciences, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125917, 12, 5917, 2022.06, [URL]. |
| 3. | 片岡寛子, 樋下真路, 吉富佑樹, 高田正幸, 福岡市内の住宅地域における音環境と保育施設に関する意識調査, 日本音響学会誌, https://doi.org/10.20697/jasj.78.2_47, 78, 2, 47-56, 2022.02, [URL]. |
| 4. | 大枝良直, 森祐輔, 外井哲志, 高田正幸, 金基弘, 山内勝也, 韓国・ソウル市内の3交差点におけるクラクション発生に関する研究, 交通工学論文集, https://doi.org/10.14954/jste.7.2_A_280, 7, 2, A_280-A_288, 2021.02, [URL]. |
| 5. | 片岡寛子, 高田正幸, 岩宮眞一郎, 保育施設から発生する音の特徴と近隣住民の意識, 日本音響学会誌, https://doi.org/10.20697/jasj.76.10_562, 76, 10, 562-571, 2020.10, [URL], 保育施設から発生する音の影響を体系的に把握することを目的として，音環境実測調査と近隣住民に対する意識調査を行った。幼児の声や運動会の音は，多くの回答者に好感が持てると判断されたが，それらを不快に感じる回答者もいた。不快な音は，特になしとの回答が多かったが，保育士の声や送迎車の音などに対する指摘も見られた。実測調査と意識調査の対応から，保育施設から発生する音に対する好感や不快感は，その発生時間の長さやA特性時間平均音圧レベルの大きさに必ずしもよらないことが分かった。また，保育施設で行われる行事への参加経験や参加の意思がある人ほど，保育所の新設により肯定的であることが示された。. |
| 6. | Masayuki Takada, Hiroaki Mori, Shinji Sakamoto, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Structural analysis of the value evaluation of vehicle door-closing sounds, Applied Acoustics, doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.07.025, 156, 306-318, 2019.12, [URL]. |
| 7. | 片岡寛子, 高田正幸, 岩宮眞一郎, 保育施設の運動会練習時における音環境調査, 日本音響学会誌, https://doi.org/10.20697/jasj.75.5_261, 75, 5, 261-264, 2019.05, [URL]. |
| 8. | Masayuki Takada, Shinji Sakamoto, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Investigation of the design direction of vehicle door-closing sounds, Proceedings of 46th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2017), paper number.510, 2017.08, Vehicle door-closing sounds affect the commercial value of vehicles. In our previous study, factors affecting the value evaluation of door-closing sounds and the structure of the evaluation were investigated. Although we obtained major factors and structures, details such as differences in factors among door-closing sounds and differences due to participants’ preferences were not considered. To clarify such details, psychoacoustical experiments using the evaluation grid method were conducted in the present study. Pairs of door-closing sounds were presented to participants. Participants were asked to select the more satisfactory stimulus and to give reasons for their selection so as to clarify original evaluation factors (i.e., perspectives in evaluation). Furthermore, to elicit factors relevant to the obtained evaluation factors, participants were asked the reason why they provided the original evaluation factors and their detailed concrete requirements of door-closing sounds. Text mining was applied to participants’ answers. In the beginning of analysis, we attached tags such as stimuli (what kinds of stimuli were described), negative/positive (whether answers were given in the positive context or not) and enthusiastic/unenthusiastic feelings about cars (whether answers were given by car enthusiasts or not) to all answers. Correspondence analysis was applied to the sentence-word (tag) table obtained by the text-mining procedure. As a result, a two-dimensional solution displaying relationships in terms of location among words and tags was obtained. Furthermore, through hierarchical cluster analysis, words and tags were classified into five clusters. One of the clusters comprised the tag “positive” and words such as “heavy”, “solidly made”, “low pitch” and “bass”. Such relationships were similar to major structures of the value evaluation obtained in our previous study. Results also revealed relationships concerning other tags. Words related to tags such as “positive” and “enthusiastic” are supposed to indicate the design direction of door-closing sounds.. |
| 9. | Masayuki Takada, Satoshi Suzuki, Ki-Hong Kim, Jong-Hyun Shin, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Driver's vehicle horn use and its effects on other drivers and pedestrians: A case study in South Korea, Mechanical Engineering Journal, https://doi.org/10.1299/mej.16-00433, 4, 2, Paper No.16-00433, 2017.04, [URL]. |
| 10. | 金基弘, 城島隼人, 高田 正幸, 岩宮 眞一郎, 環境音楽による道路交通騒音の心理的軽減効果, メディアと情報資源, 23, 2, 29-35, 2017.03. |
| 11. | Kazuhiko Kawahara, Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Toshihiro Ito, Transferring technical listening training curriculum at the Department of Acoustic Design, Kyushu University, to a corporation in the acoustics industry, Acoustical Science and Technology, 37, 4, 157-164, 2016.07, Technical listening training (TLT) is a systematic training program designed to improve auditory sensitivity. TLT consists of discrimination and identification tasks for a wide variety of acoustic features, e.g., frequency, sound pressure level, and spectrum pattern. To improve the auditory sensitivity of employees in a corporation in the acoustics industry, the TLT curriculum at the Department of Acoustic Design, Kyushu University (KU), was transferred to the corporation as part of a corporate education program. An initial 5-day trial course was carried out by the KU staff to demonstrate the process of KU-style TLT and its effectiveness to the corporate staff. After the creation of a TLT control system and training room, a second trial 11-day course was jointly carried out by KU and the corporate staff as a simulation of the TLT course in the corporation. Participants in the trials were engineers in the corporation. Through the TLT trials, they improved their auditory sensitivity and their understanding of the relationship between acoustic properties and auditory attributes. They recognized the importance of the systematic listening experiences provided by TLT. Through these two trials, the corporate staff gained understanding of the TLT curriculum. Therefore, the corporation has begun running the TLT curriculum smoothly and successfully.. |
| 12. | Kazuhiko Kawahara, Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Training course for instructors of Technical Listening Training, Acoustical Science and Technology, 37, 4, 185-186, 2016.07. |
| 13. | 河原 一彦, 高田 正幸, 岩宮 眞一郎, 携帯情報端末を用いた聴能形成訓練システム －九州大学音響設計学科の事例－, 日本音響学会誌, 71, 11, 599-600, 2015.11. |
| 14. | 河原 一彦, 高田 正幸, 岩宮 眞一郎, 音響設計学科の教育における最初の専門科目としての「聴能形成」の導入, 芸術工学研究, 22, 1-9, 2015.03. |
| 15. | Katsuya Yamauchi, Daniel Menzel, Masayuki Takada, Koji Nagahata, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Hugo Fastl, Psychoacoustic examination of feasible level of additional warning sound for quiet vehicles, Acoustical Science and Technology, 36, 2, 120-125, 2015.02, The reduced noise of electric and hybrid electric vehicles has been of particular concern because of the potential danger that these vehicles pose to pedestrians when their approach is inaudible against background noise. To address this issue, the use of additional warning sounds in such vehicles is being considered in various countries. The aim of this study was to examine the feasible level of the warning sounds in some urban environments. The levels of three candidate warning sounds (sound of car horn, engine sound, and band-pass noise) were adjusted by the study subjects against four types of urban background noise presented in a laboratory environment. The subjects were asked to adjust the level of the warning sounds so that they were reliably audible or just detectable. The results showed that the level of background noise and type of warning sound significantly affected the perception of the warning sounds, but there was no significant cross-cultural difference between the German and Japanese subject groups. The observations showed that a warning sound that was reliably audible in a particular environment might be inaudible in another environment approximately 10 to 20 dB noisier. The results were also compared with current recommended levels of warning sounds for quiet vehicles.. |
| 16. | Masayuki Takada, Honatsu Murasato, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Comparisons of vehicle horn use in urban areas of Japan, Acoustical Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1250/ast.35.309, 35, 6, 309-317, 2014.11, [URL]. |
| 17. | Masayuki Takada, Yoko Fukuda, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Questionnaire survey on vehicle horn use and its effects on drivers and pedestrians, Acoustical Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1250/ast.34.187, 34, 3, 187-196, 2013.06, [URL]. |
| 18. | KIM KIHONG, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Masayuki Takada, SangJun Lee, HeeKab Han, Jong-Hyun Shin, Jong-Dae Choi, Design strategy for effective auditory signals in an apartment complex in Korea, Acoustical Science and Technology, 33, 6, 383-386, 2012.11. |
| 19. | Masayuki Takada, Kohei Sakemi, Ki-Hong Kim, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Takayuki Ito, Toru Watanabe and Shouichi Yoshikawa, Evaluation of impressions of the impulsiveness of noise emitted by office equipment, Proceedings of 40th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2011), paper No.Mon-8-15, 2011.09, 複合機などのオフィス機器では，稼働音の音質に影響を及ぼす主な要因の一つが，印刷時に発せられる衝撃性の動作音であり，これによる主観的な衝撃感を評価できる指標の導入が製品開発を行う上で不可欠であった。本研究では，多数の稼働音を用いた衝撃感評価実験に基づき，衝撃性評価指標として5％時間率騒音レベル（LA5）を提案し，LA5による衝撃音改善の指針，間欠的な衝撃音に用いる場合の適用範囲などを明らかにした。. |
| 20. | Ki-Hong Kim, Aiko Gejima, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya and Masayuki Takada, The Effect of Chroma of Color on Perceived Loudness Caused by Noise, Proceedings of 40th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2011), paper No.Mon-8-18, 2011.09. |
| 21. | Katsuya Yamauchi, Daniel Menzel, Hugo Fastl, Masayuki Takada, Koji Nagahata and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Cross-cultural study on feasible sound levels of possible warning sounds for quiet vehicles, Proceedings of 40th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2011), paper No.Wed-8-9, 2011.09. |
| 22. | Ki-Hong Kim, Kazuhiko Kawahara, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya and Masayuki Takada, Case study of Technical Listening Training for Korean students of music major, Proceedings of Kyushu-Youngnam Joint Conference on Acoustics 2011, pp.173-176, 2011.01. |
| 23. | Ki-Hong Kim, Aiko Gejima, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya and Masayuki Takada, Influence of color on perceived loudness and annoyance caused by noise, Proceedings of Kyushu-Youngnam Joint Conference on Acoustics 2011, pp.15-18, 2011.01. |
| 24. | Masayuki Takada, Nozomu Fujisawa, Fumino Obata and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Comparisons of auditory impressions and auditory imagery associated with onomatopoeic representation for environmental sounds, EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing, doi:10.1155/2010/674248, Vol.2010, Article ID. 674248, 8 pages, 2010.10, [URL]. |
| 25. | Kazuhiko Kawahara, Toshihiro Ito, Tetsu Kobayashi, Shin‐ichiro Iwamiya and Masayuki Takada, Case study of curriculum development for technical listening training for employees of an acoustic related company, Proceedings of 20th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA2010), paper No.399, 2010.08. |
| 26. | Masayuki Takada, Nozomu Fujisawa, Fumino Obata and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Comparisons of auditory impressions and auditory imagery associated with onomatopoeic representation for environmental sounds, Proceedings of 20th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA2010), paper No.152, 2010.08. |
| 27. | Katsuya Yamauchi, Masayuki Takada, Koji Nagahata and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, An examination on required sound levels for the external acoustic sign for "quiet vehicles", Proceedings of 39th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2010), paper No. 530, 2010.06. |
| 28. | Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Onoda, Akito Hoshi, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Rika Hosaka and Koichi Ohtomi, Effect of temporal structure of operating sounds on the sound quality of noise emitted from a copy machine, Proceedings of 39th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2010), paper No. 469, 2010.06. |
| 29. | Masayuki Takada, Ayako Takeno and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Effects of vehicle horn acoustic properties on auditory impressions and the interpretation of reasons for horn use by other drivers, Noise Control Engineering Journal, https://doi.org/10.3397/1.3383097, 58, 3, 259-272, 2010.05, [URL]. |
| 30. | Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Nobuaki Tanoue, Mari Ueda and Masayuki Takada, Improving the sound quality of guiding chimes for the visually impaired to reduce annoyance to the sighted, Proceedings of euronoise 2009, 490(SQU13), 2009.10. |
| 31. | Masayuki Takada, Ayako Takeno and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Effects of acoustic properties of vehicle horn on auditory impression and estimation of the aim of another driver's horn usage, Proceedings of 38th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2009), in09_337, 2009.08. |
| 32. | Masayuki Takada, Satoko Arase, Keiichiro Tanaka and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Economic valuation of the sound quality of noise emitted from vacuum cleaners and hairdryers by conjoint analysis, Noise Control Engineering Journal, https://doi.org/10.3397/1.3098842, 57, 3, 263-278, 2009.05, [URL]. |
| 33. | 岩宮眞一郎, 渡邊正智, 高田正幸, オートバイの排気音に対するライダーと非ライダーの意識の違い, 騒音制御, Vol.32，No.6，pp.425-436, 2008.12. |
| 34. | M. Takada, Y. Fukuda and S. Iwamiya, Questionnaire survey on vehicle horn use, Proceedings of Acoustics'08 Paris (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 123, 3260 (2008)), pp.2015-2020, 2008.06. |
| 35. | Masayuki Takada, Yoko Fukuda and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Questionnaire survey on vehicle horn use, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Design of Artificial Environments, pp.108-109, 2007.11. |
| 36. | Nozomu Fujisawa, Masayuki Takada and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Auditory event perception in environments: Sound-producing events and Japanese onomatopoeic representation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Design of Artificial Environments, pp.106-107, 2007.11. |
| 37. | Takeo Hashimoto, Shigeko Hatano, Shin Sung-Hwan and Masayuki Takada, Relation between the order spectrum profile and subjective evaluation on car interior noise, Proceedings of 36th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2007), in07_104, 2007.09. |
| 38. | Masayuki Takada, Hideharu Yamano, and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Economic valuation of the sound quality of machinery noise, Journal of Environment and Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1299/jee.2.203, 2, 1, 203-214, 2007.02, [URL]. |
| 39. | Masayuki Takada, Satoko Arase, Keiichiro Tanaka, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Economic valuation of the sound quality of machinery noise using conjoint analysis: the effect of sound presentation on economic valuation, Proceedings of 35th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 06), paper No.541, 2006.12. |
| 40. | 藤沢望, 尾畑文野, 高田正幸, 岩宮眞一郎, 2モーラの擬音語からイメージされる音の印象, 日本音響学会誌, Vol.62, No.11, pp.774-783, 2006.11. |
| 41. | Katsuya Yamauchi, Jong-dae Choi, Ryo Maiguma, Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Desirable sound quality of auditory signals in automobiles, Proceedings of 9th Western Pacific Acoustic Conference (WESPAC IX 2006), Paper No.305, 2006.06. |
| 42. | Masayuki Takada, Kazuhiko Tanaka and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Relationships between auditory impressions and onomatopoeic features for environmental sounds, Acoustical Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1250/ast.27.67, 27, 2, 67-79, 2006.03, [URL]. |
| 43. | Masayuki Takada, Satoko Arase and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Economic valuation of the sound quality of machinery noise using conjoint analysis, Proceedings of Forum Acusticum BUDAPEST 2005, pp.1769-1773, 2005.08. |
| 44. | 高田正幸, 山野秀源, 岩宮眞一郎, 機械音の音質の経済評価, 日本機械学会論文集（Ｃ編）, https://doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.71.2155, 71, 707, 2155-2162, 2005.07, [URL]. |
| 45. | 岩宮眞一郎, 尾崎華子, 高田正幸, 各種の音列と図形の変化パターンが視聴覚素材の印象に与える影響, 日本音響学会誌, Vol.61, No.5, pp.250-259, 2005.05. |
| 46. | Masayuki Takada and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Sound quality design of machinery noise and its economic valuation, Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Product Sound Quality, 12_1-12_15, 2005.03. |
| 47. | 崔 鍾大，毎熊 亮，山内 勝也，高田 正幸，岩宮 眞一郎, 自動車内のリバース報知音にとって望ましい音響特性, 日本音響学会誌, Vol.61, No.3, pp.118-125, 2005.03. |
| 48. | Nozomu Fujisawa, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya and Masayuki Takada, Auditory imagery associated with Japanese onomatopoeic representation, Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, Vol.23, No.6, pp.351-355, 2004.12. |
| 49. | Katsuya Yamauchi, Jong-dae Choi, Ryo Maiguma, Masayuki Takada and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, A basic study on universal design of auditory signals in automobiles, Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, Vol.23, No.6, pp.295-298, 2004.12. |
| 50. | Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Katsuya Yamauchi, Kousuke Shiraishi, Masayuki Takada and Masaru Sato, Design specifications of audio-guidance systems for the blind in public spaces, Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, Vol.23, No.6, pp.267-271, 2004.12. |
| 51. | Masayuki Takada, Hideharu Yamano and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Economic valuation of the sound quality of machinery noise, Proceedings of 33rd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2004), paper No.111, 2004.08. |
| 52. | Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Katsuya Yamauchi, Kousuke Shiraishi and Masayuki Takada, Universal design of auditory signals, Proceedings of 18th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA2004), Vol.1, pp.427-430, 2004.04. |
| 53. | Kazuhiko Kawahara, Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Yoshitaka Nakajima and Kazuo Ueda, Technical Listening Training: Systematic training program designed to improve auditory sensitivity, Proceedings of 18th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA2004), Vol.3, pp.1965-1968, 2004.04. |
| 54. | 岩宮眞一郎，関学，吉川景子，高田正幸, 映像の切り替えパターンと効果音の調和, 人間工学, Vol.39, No.6, pp.292-299, 2003.12. |
| 55. | 高田正幸，後藤留美，内部敦子，岩宮眞一郎，堅田秀生，恩田能成, 純音の周波数およびラウドネスレベルと人間の生理的・心理的反応の関連 ‐心電図R−R間隔変動スペクトル解析による検討‐, 日本生理人類学会誌, Vol.8, No.3, pp.25-30, 2003.08. |
| 56. | Masayuki Takada, Kazuhiko Tanaka and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Relationship between auditory impression and onomatopoeic features of environmental sounds, Proceedings of 32nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER NOISE 2003), pp.1572-1579, 2003.08. |
| 57. | 山内勝也，高田正幸，岩宮眞一郎, サイン音の機能イメージと擬音語表現, 日本音響学会誌, Vol.59, No.4, pp.192-202, 2003.04. |
| 58. | Shin-ichiro Iwamiya,Yoshitaka Nakajima, Kazuo Ueda, Kazuhiko Kawahara and Masayuki Takada, Technical Listening Training: Improvement of sound sensitivity for acoustic engineers and sound designers, Acoustical Science and Technology, Vol.24, No.1, pp.27-31, 2003.01. |
| 59. | 岩宮眞一郎，上月裕，菅野禎盛，高田正幸, 音楽の調性及びテンポと映像の速度及び密度が映像作品の印象に及ぼす影響, 音楽知覚認知研究, Vol.8, No.2, pp.53-64, 2002.12. |
| 60. | Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Kazuhiko Kawahara, Akio Takanashi and Atsuo Mori, Sound quality of machinery noise of laser printers, Proceedings of 7th Western Pacific Regional Acoustics Conference, pp.695-698, 2000.10. |
| 61. | Masayuki Takada, Kazuhiko Tanaka, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Kazuhiko Kawahara, Akio Takanashi and Atsuo Mori, Onomatopoeic features of sounds emitted from laser printers and copy machines and their contribution to product image, Proceedings of 17th International Congress on Acoustics (17th ICA), 3C.16.01, 2001.09. |
| 62. | Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Katsuya Yamauchi, Kazuhiko Tanaka, Masaki Nakagawa, Naoki Fujimoto, Kazuhiko Kawahara, Akio Takanashi and Atsuo Mori, Evaluation of sounds using onomatopoeic representation, Proceedings of 9th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (9th ICSV), paper No.448, 2002.07. |
| 63. | 高田正幸，田中一彦，岩宮眞一郎，河原一彦，高梨彰男，森厚夫, 擬音語を利用したオフィス機器から発生する音の評価, 騒音制御, Vol.26, No.4, pp.264-272, 2002.08. |
| 64. | Shin-ichiro Iwamiya,Yoshitaka Nakajima, Kazuo Ueda, Kazuhiko Kawahara and Masayuki Takada, Technical Listening Training: Improvement of sound sensitivity for acoustic engineers and sound designers, Proceedings of FORUM ACUSTICUM SEVILLA 2002, EDU-01-002-IP, 2002.09. |
| 65. | Katsuya Yamauchi, Naoki Fujimoto, Masayuki Takada and Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Functional imagery of audio signals, Proceedings of 7th Western Pacific Regional Acoustics Conference, pp.863-866, 2000.10. |
| 66. | Takeo Hashimoto, Shigeko Hatano and Masayuki Takada, Evaluation of booming sensation during acceleration for car interior noise and its quantification, Proceedings of 7th Western Pacific Regional Acoustics Conference, pp.699-702, 2000.10. |
| 67. | 高田正幸，橋本竹夫，波多野滋子，邱 文祥, 加速時車内音の明るさ感とこもり感評価尺度, 自動車技術会論文集, Vol.30, No.2, pp.87-91, 1999.04. |
| 68. | 高田正幸，波多野滋子，橋本竹夫, こもり感の定量化尺度, 自動車技術会論文集, Vol.29, No.1, pp.107-111, 1998.01. |
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