九州大学 研究者情報
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堀 賀貴(ほり よしき) データ更新日:2023.11.22

教授 /  人間環境学研究院 都市・建築学部門 計画環境系


原著論文
1. OGAWA,T., HORI,Y., Applying RANSAC Algorism to Analyse Archaeological and Architectural Materials from Ostia Antica., 2021.09, [URL], There are not the same shapes in ancient Roman artifacts strictly, and they usually confuse a geometry shape and free-form surfaces in themselves. It’ s difficult to precisely measure objects because of these shapes which were made by hand labour regardless of object’ s type and scale.
For example, “ mensa ponderariae ” , standard measurement gauges were used for cubic and dry measure in ancient Roman period, and these shapes of cavities chiselled in a marble brock are different from each other region.
In this poster presentation, we have two main aims.
1) To extract a geometrical shape (a sphere in this case) from a cavity of the mensa ponderaria in Ostia
2) To reconstruct the chiselling cavity process
To accomplish the first aim, mensa ponderariae were accurately measured by OPT scanner keeping a side length of each triangle of mesh data
within 3mm, and point cloud data were made from vertexes of these mesh data. Then, RANSAC algorism, the process which excludes “gross error” from point cloud were applied, and it enables us to exclude shapes of free-form surfaces, which could be made by hand labour in the Roman empire. A sphere was extracted from a point cloud, which is remaining through this process, by least square method.
For the second aim, these extracted spheres were used as the criterion of analysing shapes of free-form surfaces excluded in RANSAC algorism process. Then, the chiselling cavity process will be reconstructed based upon scientific evidences.
Five mensa ponderariae in Ostia were measured by Kyushu University in 2015..
2. OGAWA,T.,HORI,Y.,AYATSUKA,I., Measurement Conversion in Pompeii and Herculaneum, 2021.09, [URL], The measuring gauge, the ‘ mensa ponderaria ’ , which was reported first by Mancini in the late 19th century, was discovered in the room of the western pilaster of the temple of Apolo facing to the Forum in Pompeii. The mensa ponderaria has five main cavities and four sub cavities for volume measurement. It is considered that it would have been used in Samnites period and converted to Roman measure by expanding the existing cavities. Measurement values of each volume of cavities in the previous studies are slightly different due to accuracy, and each volume does not exactly match Roman measure. In this poster presentation, accuracy in measurement was improved by using OPT scanner, and gained values of each volume compared with these of well-preserved water containers in Herculaneum..
3. 小川拓郎、堀 賀貴, オスティアにおける交差状のヴォールトの工法について オスティア・ローマ都市研究 IV, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.87.644, 87, 793, 644-655, 2022.03, The paper describes the analysis of the quasi-cross vaults in Ostia, which provide the new evidence that can either fill gaps in our understanding or simply add to how the Roman constructed the vaults. The first part deals with the typologies of construction methods applied in the vaults. The second part is the reconstruction of the quasi-cross vault’s centering while curing in the construction process, focusing on their intersectional lines onto orthogonal projection..
4. Y. B. Lim, T. Ogawa, Y. Hori, DETECTION OF RESTORATION WORK BY APPLYING THE RANSAC ALGORITHM TO THE POINT CLOUD DATA FROM LASER SCANNING: CASE STUDY AT OSTIA, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-315-2022, XLVI-2, W1, 315-321, 2022.02, In Ostia, the huge range of excavation carried out by Guido Calza under Mussolini (1938-1942), the zone of contiguous city blocks unearthed in those massive campaigns. From 2012, new survey by a Japanese team of standing remains using laser scanners formed the basis for an analysis of building history, and for a reconstruction of the original building. There is a considerable amount of undocumented reconstruction work in the upper part of the structure which has been identified from analysis of the surface of the walls. The seam and the absence of coursing between the original walls and the later restored works sometimes including in the Roman phase, and sometimes modern using original part of the walls, make difficult to identify which part of walls were original and which were restorations or re-use 80 years later from the excavation. In this paper, the case that the seams are invisible, but its existence is known from the photographic record of the progress of the excavations. The detection by applying the RANSAC algorithm to the point cloud data from laser scanning relies on several cases of invisible seams running on the surfaces. Additionally, this method allows us without any special knowledge and experience to find detailed characteristics on the surface of the walls, such as slight unevenness or weathering parts, to extrapolate the building history..
5. Ogawa,T., and Hori,Y., Comparison with Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanner by Using Point Cloud Aligned with Shape Matching and best Fitting Methods, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W9-535-2019, XLII-2, W9, 535-541, 2019.02, Recently operation systems of laser scanning have been obviously improved; for instance shape matching has been equipped with software on a post processing stage so measurement without any targets is a prerequisite condition of field surveying with laser scanners. Moreover a shape matching method enables us to easily register a pair of point clouds with some errors even if those data are scanned by several type scanners. Those slightly errors can influence accuracy of alignments if the object is large to require a lot of scans. Laser scanning data has random errors and accuracy of alignments can be improved by matching error distributions of pairs of point clouds to natural distributions. This method is called “best fitting” in contrast “shape matching” in a software, PolyWorks |Inspector. In this paper, accuracy of alignments between shape matching and best fitting is discussed. The scan data of three phaseshift laser scanners (FARO Focus 3D MS120, FARO Focus 3D X330 and Z+F Imager 5016) and two time-of-flight scanners (Leica BLK 360 and Leica Scan station C5) are used for analyses. Accuracy of alignments by using shape matching and best fitting methods is demonstrated by showing points of scan data with histograms of error distributions..
6. 堀 賀貴, ポンペイにおける荷車交通規制に関する考察(2)
ポンペイ・都市機能研究 IV, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.82.3031, 82, 741, 3031-3040, 2017.11, Pompeii had a grid pattern of narrower streets, which were suitable for one-way traffic. On this paper, the traffic-controlling is discussed, followed by the reconstruction of carts and some impediments related to the carts such as stepping-stones, public fountains, and parking animals/carts, and town gates. The main cart-traffic artery can be detected, finally, besides the broad streets called Cardo and Decumanus.
Carts running in Pompeii: on the narrow streets a 4-wheeled carts were severely to be restricted to a minimum and the use of certain 2-wheeled carts encouraged. In addtion to the 4- or 2- wheeled carts, which should be preceded by a 'runner' (cursor) in Pompeii, pack donkeys and men carrying packs were also possible. The runner on the cart, who controlled the cart using the brake, was also definitely need, because of the slopes quite steeply in that town.
Impediments on the streets: the stepping stone and public fountains were physical impediments against the cart traffic. Parked animals and carts, which also partially obstructed the streets, are negative evidence of well-regulated lane traffic. On a distribution maps of tethering holes of parked animals cut into sidewalks (Fig. 14) the designated find occurs in sufficient numbers and they spread for meaningful patterns to emerge as below.
1) All observed streets have holes cut into sidewalks on both sides except for a unique case of the southern part of Via di Porta Nocera.
2) Outside of the gates, there is no example of the holes. This means that animals could be quite popular in the transportation inside of the gates.
3) Some areas that form throughroutes to the Vesuvio, Sarno, and Nocera Gates tended to have a high frequency with which these holes are found, as well as a high occurrence at the wide streets around the Forum.
4) The holes in the north-east area of Pompeii occurred more frequently than in the south-west area.
We possibly overestimate the capacity of Strada Stabia for transportation and underestimate that of Strada Consolare without any stepping-stones and public fountains as obstacles against cart traffic (Fig. 9).
Gates: the town gates of Pompeii were built to a common design, narrowed to only one lane and providing one-way alternating traffic, except for the Ercolano Gate. That means the carts entering and exiting the town through the gates were stopped, even though the streets leading to the gates were enough to accommodate two lanes of cart traffic moving in opposite directions. An attempt has been made to classify these gates not by shape, but function, such classification do much to aid our understanding of the cart traffic. This comprehensive and orderly classification of their 5 types in Fig. 18: the highest is the Ercolano Gate build on almost flat ground with two-way lanes, two sideways, two passing places on both sides, and holding area on the outside.
Main cart-traffic artery: Strada Consolare shows a few of design feature directly related to their function as the main traffic artery, most importantly to provide secure one-way alternating traffic, such as good visibility and waiting places. Cart drivers chose this route connecting to Via della Fortuna and Strada Stabia rather than the Strada Stabia leading to or from the Vesuvio Gate.
Pompeian local government keep cart traffic moving not by standardising the construction of vehicles and streets, and not by controlling or regulating the behaviour of drivers either. But it forced cart drivers to follow the route they intended by avoiding snarled, inconvenient, and inefficient traffics..
7. 堀 賀貴, オスティアにおける共和政期の地盤面と帝政期の街路面の地形学的分析,オスティア・ローマ都市研究 III, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.82.1609, 82, 736, 1609-1618, 2017.06, レーザー・スキャニングによる分析スケールを都市レベルにまで引き上げたもので,都市全体の主要街路の微細な標高の変化を追っている。オスティアはテヴェレ川河畔の要塞から発展した都市であるが,度重なる洪水の影響で,共和政期から3世紀はじめの都市の衰退期まで複数回の地盤のかさ上げを受けた。他方,中央広場周辺の公共建造物では当初の地盤が保存され,かさ上げできなかったため,結果として当初台地状であった中央広場が逆に凹んだ地形となった。一方,オスティアには中央広場から延びるデクマヌス・マキシムス,カルド・マキシムスとよばれる東西,南北の幹線道路(これは発掘後に使われた通称で,必ずしも古代にそう呼ばれていたわけではない)は,かさ上げの結果,中央広場から離れるにしたがって登っていく勾配をもつことになった。そこで,この勾配について詳細に分析を加えると,全長1kmを超えるデクマヌス・マキシムス(下図左上および中)において,部分的に段状の平坦な箇所が検出され,その区画は直交する街路の割り付けに対応していること,またデクマヌス・マキシムスに面する公共建造物の幅,あるいはハドリアヌス帝政期の街区開発にも対応していることが判明した。しかし,カルド・マキシムスについては,その傾向は認められず(下図下),中央広場には接続しない南北に走る街路,チッピ通りにデクマヌス・マキシムスと同様の傾向が認められた(下図上右)。カルド・マキシムスと呼ばれる街路は,要塞時代の街道をトレースしたとされ,中央広場には直結するものの,都市計画上の幹線道路ではなかった。むしろ中央広場とは連結しないチッピ通りを都市計画上の幹線道路と見なすべきである。このようにかさ上げを背景にもつオスティアの都市形成においては街路の高さも綿密に設計されたこと確認された。.
8. 堀 賀貴, 味岡収, オスティア遺跡,レギオIII, インスラIX に関する1950年代の記録図面とその制作過程 記録者のフィルタリング および不作為による誤り, 日本建築学会, 80, 717, 2671-2680, 2015.11.
9. 堀 賀貴, ポンペイにおける道路交通に関する考察(1),ポンペイ・都市機能研究III, 日本建築学会, 79, 705, 2571-2579, 2014.11.
10. 堀 賀貴, ミューズの家におけるモザイク・壁体配置と空間構成,オスティア・ローマ都市研究II, 日本建築学会, 79, 705, 2563-2570, 2014.11, The laser scanner allows for a more detailed analysis and a greater potential for understanding the layout of
mosaics. In insula Muse, it was difficult to lay out the floor mosaics in parallel with all of the walls of the rooms
that were not exactly rectangular. Any mosaics with geometric pattern required a few choice to be made of the
walls about the guideline of its layout. Those mosaics do not only occupy the floor, but also they followed the
wall chosen and could be planned to mark on the floor a hierarchy of functional spaces and the division into
parts serving different purposes with the movement of visitors. The layout of mosaics in the Insula of Muse
could link areas connected in function..
11. Yoshiki hori, Osamu Ajioka, APPLICATION OF SFM AND LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY TO THE DESCRIPTION OF MOSAICS PIECE BY PIECE , SPRS Technical Commission, SPRS Technical Commission, V, 23-25, 2014.06, [URL], Mosaic floors of surviving buildings in Ostia have been mainly recorded in photographs. From 2008, Japanese research group carries out a project of 3d measuring of the whole structure of ancient Roman city Ostia using laser scanners, including its landscape, city blocks, streets, buildings, wall paintings and mosaics. The laser scanner allows for a more detailed analysis and a greater potential for recording mosaics. We can record the data of mosaics, which are described piece by piece. However it is hard to acquire enough high dense point cloud and the internal camera of the laser scanner produce low quality images. We introduce a possible technology of 3D recording of mosaics with high-quality colour information; SFM. The use of this technique permits us to create 3D models from images provided from a CCD camera without heavy and large laser scanners. We applied SFM system to different three types of the mosaics laid down on the floors of “the House of the Dioscuroi”, “the Insula of the Muse” and “the House of Jove and Ganymede”, and created high resolution orthographic images. Then we examined to compare these orthographic images with that are created from the point cloud data. As a result, we confirmed that SFM system has sufficient practical utility for the mosaic research. And we present how much of density of point cloud or ground resolution are required for the documentation of mosaics accurately..
12. Yoshiki hori, Revising the General Map and Applying Laser-Scanning Technology in Ostia, From 2008 to 2010, the investigation in Ostia, applying the laser-scanning technology, has been carried out by Japan Research Group that provided important new evidence for its city fabrics, topographical features, and process of mosaic production.
We introduce two results; revising the general map of Ostia in high raised buildings and identifying errors of a mosaic describing Venuses in the House of Dioscuri, and finally suggest the possibility of laser-scanning technology in heirtage management. Firstly, one of our main purposes in our work of re-measuring the streets and buildings in Calza’s map, which is still general but unreliable in detail, and in Manucci’s photos, which is incomplete below tall and wide trees covering the structures, is providing a basic and complete map of site. Secondary, we created an orthographic photo, which gives the description of that mosaic piece by piece. Furthermore, by confining the detailed analysis, we at least found nine errors on figures. Consequently, those errors reveal the process of mosaic production. We established how laser scanning has given reliability to the work in Ostia, which could be described by 3D and RGB data and essential to a definition of a heritage of the whole city.
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13. 堀 賀貴, Osamu AJOKA, Revising the General Map and Applying Laser-Scanning Technology in Ostia, EAA 2012 Annual Meeting, 2012.08.
14. 堀 賀貴, ポンペイにおける道路排水計画に関する考察(2) ポンペイ・都市機能研究 Ⅱ, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, 第77巻 第671号,pp.165-172, 2012.01, ポンペイにおける道路排水と水道施設の計画に関連性を指摘したもの.
15. 堀 賀貴, オスティア・ディオスクロイの家におけるヴィーナスを描いたモザイクの制作過程に関する復元的考察, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, 第77巻 第671号,pp.173-182, 2012.01, オスティアのモザイクについて,その制作過程を復元したもの.
16. Yoshiki HORI, Osamu AJIOKA, Measuring urban structures in Ancient Roman Period in Pompeii and Ostia, EAA 2011 Annual Meeting, USB版, 2011.09, ポンペイとオスティアの都市計画について,レーザースキャニングの結果から考察したもの.
17. O.Ajioka, Y.Hori , LASER SCANNING OF A MONOLITHIC COLUMN DURING PROCESSING IN MIDDLE EGYPT, 4th International Workshop 3D-ARCH 2011, USB版, 2011.03.
18. Yoshiki HORI, Drainage System of the Rainwater and the Excess Water Discharged on the Streets of Pompeii, EAA 2010 Annual Meeting, USB版, 2010.09.
19. 堀 賀貴, 中部エジプト,ナズラ・スサィン・アリ東採石場の操業期間, 日本建築学会計画系論文集 , 第74巻 第642号, pp. 1911-1919, 2009.08.
20. 堀 賀貴, ポンペイにおける道路排水計画に関する考察 ⑴, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, 第74巻 第642号, pp. 1895-1904, 2009.08.
21. Yoshiki HORI, Asami HANGHAI, Laser Scanning in Ostia. A Comparative Study of of the Drawings in 1950s and field survey on tall structures., 3D-Arch’ 2009 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, 2009.02.
22. Yoshiki HORI, Ancient Quarry Techniques in the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods in the Middle Egypt, 17th Internatiional Congress of Classical Archaeology, Bollettino di Archeologia Online (BAO), 2009.01.
23. Yoshiki HORI,Osamu Ajioka, Asami Hanghai, Laser Scanning in Pompeian City wall A comparative study of accuracy of the drawings from 1930s to 1940s, 3D-Arch’2007 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, 2007.07.
24. 堀 賀貴, 中部エジプト,アズバ村付近古代末期採石場に関する技術史的研究 アコリス古代採石場研究I, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, No.611、pp.211-217, 2007.01.
25. Yoshiki HORI, Formality of Design represented in Finishing of Stone walls in Hagi city of the Edo Period and Stone Processing in 'ying-zao-fa-shi', Proceedings of International Conference on East Asian Architectural Culture Kyoto 2006, pp.345-352, 2006.11.
26. 生田 光晴、堀 賀貴, 山口県柳井市の町屋、小田家住宅と『小田家文書』、屋敷の変遷と小屋組の架構形式に関する建築史的研究, 日本建築学会計画系論文集, 第567号、pp.119-126, 2003.05.

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