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VICKERS EDWARD(ヴィッカーズ エドワード) データ更新日:2024.01.29

教授 /  人間環境学研究院 教育学部門 国際教育環境学


主な研究テーマ
アジアにおける歴史教育とアイデンティティ形成に関する比較研究
キーワード:アジア 歴史教育 アイデンティティ 比較研究 中国 香港 台湾
2000.10~2012.10.
従事しているプロジェクト研究
Living with Violent Heritage (LIVHERE)
2022.09~2023.08, 代表者:Dr Mark Frost, University College London, British Academy (UK)
This project investigates the politics of heritage and education in contemporary Sri Lanka, with a particular focus on implications for post-conflict reconciliation.
Comparing the role of History in Chinese schooling and propaganda relating to 'minority' regions, Hong Kong and Taiwan
2019.04~2022.03, 代表者:Edward Vickers, Kyushu University, JSPS Grant-in-Aid
Chinese claims to both ‘minority’ regions (e.g. Xinjiang and Tibet), and peripheral ‘Han’ regions (Hong
Kong, Taiwan) are hotly contested – leading to efforts to bolster legitimacy through state propaganda and
schooling. Control of the historical account is crucial here, but we do not understand (a) the consistency of
narratives relating to ‘minorities’ and peripheral ‘Han’ populations; (b) how recent changes to both have
been influenced by political shifts under Xi Jinping; or (c) their implications for China’s stability. This is
the contribution of the research proposed here. It builds on work that the PI – a leading expert on education and
identity politics in Chinese societies – has been conducting for many years. The analysis focuses on the portrayal
of ‘minorities,’ and of Hong Kong and Taiwan, in Chinese History textbooks and in relevant historical museums.
It will greatly enhance our understanding of the politics of schooling and state propaganda, of the
dynamics of Chinese nationalism, and what this means for stability around China’s periphery..
The Kyushu Taiwan Studies Program
2017.10~2020.09, 代表者:Edward Vickers, Kyushu University, Ministry of Education, Taiwan (ROC)
Kyushu and Taiwan enjoy thriving cultural and commercial ties, but educational links (at university level) have been limited - until now. In 2017, Kyushu University, with support from the Ministry of Education of the ROC (Taiwan), established a new Taiwan Studies Program. This aims to promote interest in and understanding of Taiwan amongst students and scholars in Western Japan, and to strengthen ties between Japanese researchers, their Taiwanese counterparts, and the Taiwan Studies community worldwide. It also promotes Taiwan-related research, particularly in the area of identity politics and Taiwanese culture..
The State of Education for Peace, Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship in Asia
2016.06~2017.11, 代表者:Yoko Mochizuki, UNESCO-MGIEP, UNESCO-MGIEP (India)
Engagement Global (Germany)
UNESCO MGIEP officially launched the new publication Rethinking Schooling for the 21st Century: The State of Education for Peace, Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship in Asia on 2 November 2017 in Paris at the UNESCO General Conference. This report involved more than 60 researchers from 22 countries in Asia and is based on the content analysis of key education policy and curricular documents from these countries and an extensive review of literature on Asian schooling. It seeks to develop benchmarks against which future progress can be assessed. It also argues forcefully that conceptions of the fundamental purposes of schooling need to be configured, if the ideals of SDG 4.7 to which the global community has subscribed are actually to be realized..
Leverhulme Trust International Network on 'War Memoryscapes in Asia'
2014.10~2017.10, 代表者:Mark Frost, University of Essex, The Leverhulme Trust (UK)
WARMAP is an interdisciplinary research collaboration that investigates Asia's conflict heritage in a globalized world. Accompanying Asia's economic emergence, the region has witnessed a corresponding 'memory boom' marked by two contrasting trends. On the one hand, the remembrance of 20th century conflicts which still define its national identities (and enmities) has become intensified. Conversely, the production and dissemination of war memories has been subject to powerful transnational flows – of people, practices, capital and digitized information. The "War Memoryscapes in Asia Partnership" (WARMAP) brings together scholars from different disciplines in an effort to explore Asia's conflict heritage in a globalized world, focusing on the powerful transnational flows which are challenging, subverting and transforming official discourses of war remembrance. WARMAP is a joint research project between the University of Essex (UK), Deakin University (AU), Kyushu University (JP), the National University of Singapore (SG), Wageningen University (NL), and Academia Sinica (TW). It is funded by the Leverhulme Trust..
中国をめぐるアイデンティティ
2013.04~2016.03, 代表者:阿古智子, 東京大学
This project sets out to analyse and compare the sociology of identity in different Chinese societies - on the Chinese mainland, in Hong Kong, Taiwan and overseas. Its focus encompasses attitudes to the law and constitutionality, and the ways in which relationships between the citizen and the state are conceptualized in these various Chinese communities. The findings of this research should further understanding of the degree to which civic norms and mores across Chinese societies are converging or diverging, and hence serve to elucidate the various meanings of 'Chineseness' in the contemporary world..
Leverhulme Trust International Network on 'Japan and East Asian Identities'
2010.10~2013.10, 代表者:Professor Paul Morris, Institute of Education, University of London, The Leverhulme Trust, UK
This project is designed to promote collaborative research on perceptions of Japan amongst East Asian youth, the influences that help shape those perceptions, and the implications of this for the construction of national identities and a trans-national ‘East Asian’ identity. .
研究業績
主要著書
1. Edward Vickers Kenneth Pugh Latika Gupta (lead authors and editors), The International Science and Evidence-Based Education Assessment - Working Group 2, 'Education and Context', UNESCO, DOI:10.56383/DYNT7243, 2022.04, [URL], (From the introductory chapter):
This chapter introduces Working Group 2
(WG2) of the International Science and
Evidence based Education Assessment. Building
upon (WG1), which highlights the importance
of mobilizing education to support human
flourishing, WG2 emphasizes the complex
ways in which diverse contexts (ecological,
political, cultural, social and economic) shape,
and are shaped by, diverse understandings of
what it means to lead a fulfilling life, and of
education’s role in this. We begin by explaining
our approach, acknowledging both the challenges
and importance of analysing context from a
multidisciplinary perspective. After summarizing
the overall content of WG2, we discuss themes
that are especially urgent, in particular the
role of politics and ideology in shaping (or
distorting) educational priorities. We challenge
the tendency in much contemporary discourse
to hail education as a silver bullet for society’s
ills and argue that realizing an educational vision
consistent with true human flourishing requires
understanding the limitations of education to
solve the problems that confront us. Recognition
of the enormous transformative potential of
education is at the heart of our vision, but rather
than expecting education alone to transform our
societies, we need to commit to action to alter
our social and political contexts so as to enable
education systems to refocus on the instrinsic value of learning..
2. Mark Frost, Daniel Schumacher and Edward Vickers (eds), Remembering Asia's World War Two, London and New York, Published by Routledge, 2019.04, [URL], Over the past four decades, East and Southeast Asia have seen a proliferation of heritage sites and remembrance practices which commemorate the region’s bloody conflicts of the period 1931–45. Remembering Asia’s World War Two examines the origins, dynamics, and repercussions of this regional war “memory boom”.

The book analyzes the politics of war commemoration in contemporary East and Southeast Asia. Featuring contributions from leading international scholars, the chapters span China, Japan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Singapore, covering topics such as the commemoration of the Japanese military’s “comfort women” system, forms of "dark tourism" or commemorative pilgrimages (e.g. veterans’ tours to wartime battlefields), and the establishment and evolution of various war-related heritage sites and museums. Case studies reveal the distinctive trajectories of new and newly discovered forms of remembrance within and across national boundaries. They highlight the growing influence of non-state actors over representations of conflict and occupation, as well as the increasingly interconnected and transnational character of memory-making. Taken together, the studies collected here demonstrate that across much of Asia the public commemoration of the wars of 1931–45 has begun to shift from portraying them as a series of national conflicts with distinctive local meanings to commemorating the conflict as a common pan-Asian, or even global, experience.

Focusing on non-textual vehicles for public commemoration and considering both the local and international dimensions of war commemoration within, Remembering Asia’s World War Two will be a crucial reference for students and scholars of History, Memory Studies, and Heritage Studies, as well as all those interested in the history, politics, and culture of contemporary Asia..
3. Yoko Mochizuki, Krishna Kumar, Edward Vickers, Rethinking Schooling for the 21st Century: The State of Education for Peace, Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship in Asia, 2017.11, UNESCO MGIEP officially launched the new publication 'Rethinking Schooling for the 21st Century: The State of Education for Peace, Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship in Asia' on 2 November 2017 in Paris at the UNESCO General Conference. This report involved more than 60 researchers from 22 countries in Asia and is based on the content analysis of key education policy and curricular documents from these countries and an extensive review of literature on Asian schooling. It seeks to develop benchmarks against which future progress can be assessed. It also argues forcefully that conceptions of the fundamental purposes of schooling need to be configured, if the ideals of SDG 4.7 to which the global community has subscribed are actually to be realized..
4. Edward Vickers, Zeng Xiaodong, Education and Society in Post-Mao China, London and New York: Routledge, 2017.05, [URL], The post-Mao period has witnessed rapid social and economic transformation in all walks of Chinese life – much of it fuelled by, or reflected in, changes to the country’s education system. This book analyses the development of that system since the abandonment of radical Maoism and the inauguration of ‘Reform and Opening’ in the late 1970s. The principal focus is on formal education in schools and conventional institutions of tertiary education, but there is also some discussion of preschools, vocational training, and learning in non-formal contexts. The book begins with a discussion of the historical and comparative context for evaluating China’s educational ‘achievements’, followed by an extensive discussion of the key transitions in education policymaking during the ‘Reform and Opening’ period. This informs the subsequent examination of changes affecting the different phases of education from preschool to tertiary level. There are also chapters dealing specifically with the financing and administration of schooling, curriculum development, the public examinations system, the teaching profession, the phenomenon of marketisation, and the ‘international dimension’ of Chinese education. The book concludes with an assessment of the social consequences of educational change in the post-Mao era and a critical discussion of the recent fashion in certain Western countries for hailing China as an educational model. The analysis is supported by a wealth of sources – primary and secondary, textual and statistical – and is informed by both authors’ wide-ranging experience of Chinese education..
5. Edward Vickers, Krishna Kumar, Constructing Modern Asian Citizenship, London and New York, 2015.01, In many non-Western contexts, modernization has tended to be equated with Westernization, and hence with an abandonment of authentic indigenous identities and values. This is evident in the recent history of many Asian societies, where efforts to modernize – spurred on by the spectre of foreign domination – have often been accompanied by determined attempts to stamp national variants of modernity with the brand of local authenticity: ‘Asian values’, ‘Chinese characteristics’, a Japanese cultural ‘essence’ and so forth. Highlighting (or exaggerating) associations between the more unsettling consequences of modernization and alien influence has thus formed part of a strategy whereby elites in many Asian societies have sought to construct new forms of legitimacy for old patterns of dominance over the masses. The apparatus of modern systems of mass education, often inherited from colonial rulers, has been just one instrument in such campaigns of state legitimation.

This book presents analyses of a range of contemporary projects of citizenship formation across Asia in order to identify those issues and concerns most central to Asian debates over the construction of modern identities. Its main focus is on schooling, but also examines other vehicles for citizenship-formation, such as museums and the internet; the role of religion (in particular Islam) in debates over citizenship and identity in certain Asian societies; and the relationship between state-centred identity discourses and the experience of increasingly ‘globalized’ elites..
6. Edward Vickers, Paul Morris, Naoko Shimazu, Imagining Japan in Post-war East Asia: identity politics, schooling and popular culture, London: Routledge, 2013.12, Imagining Japan in Postwar East Asia analyses the portrayal of Japan in the societies of East and Southeast Asia, and asks how and why this has changed in recent decades, and what these changing images of Japan reveal about the ways in which these societies construct their own identities. It examines the role played by an imagined ‘Japan’ in the construction of national selves across the East Asian region, as mediated through a broad range of media ranging from school curricula and textbooks to film, television, literature and comics. Commencing with an extensive thematic and comparative overview chapter, the volume also includes contributions focusing specifically on Chinese societies (the mainland PRC, Hong Kong and Taiwan), Korea, the Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore. These studies show how changes in the representation of Japan have been related to political, social and cultural shifts within the societies of East Asia – and in particular to the ways in which these societies have imagined or constructed their own identities.

In the decades since her defeat in the Second World War, Japan has continued to loom large in the national imagination of many of her East Asian neighbours. While for many, Japan still conjures up images of rampant military brutality, at different times and in different communities, alternative images of the Japanese ‘Other’ have vied for predominance – in ways that remain poorly understood, not least within Japan itself. Bringing together contributors working in the fields of education, anthropology, history, sociology, political science and media studies, this interdisciplinary volume will be of interest to all students and scholars concerned with issues of identity, politics and culture in the societies of East Asia, and to those seeking a deeper understanding of Japan's fraught relations with its regional neighbours..
7. Edward Vickers, Marie Lall, Education as a Political Tool in Asia, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK, 2009.09, This book offers a fresh and comparative approach to analyzing the uses of education and the effects of its politicization on Asian societies in the era of globalisation. Education has been used as a political tool throughout the ages and across the whole world to define national identity and underpin the political rationale of regimes. In the contemporary world Asian societies manifest this phenomenon in a variety of ways, ranging from tensions over religious versus secular definitions of national identity in India and Pakistan, to various blends of ethno-culturally primordialist and 'multicultural' nationalism in China, Japan, Singapore and Vietnam. In Asia, modern education systems have their origins in processes of state formation aimed either at bolstering 'self-strengthening' resistance to the encroachments of Western and/or Asian imperialism, or at furthering projects of post-colonial nation-building. State elites have sought to popularise powerful visions of nationhood, to equip these visions with a historical 'back-story', and to endow them with the maximum sentimental charge. This book explores these developments in various national contexts, emphasising that education is seen by nations across Asia, as elsewhere, as far more than simply a tool for economic development, and that issues of national identity and the tolerance - or lack of it - of ethnic, cultural or religious diversity can be at least as important as issues of literacy and access. Interdisciplinary and unique in its analysis, this book will be of interest to scholars of political science, research in education and Asian Studies..
8. Edward Vickers, Alisa Jones, History Education and National Identity in East Asia, New York and London, 2005.09, This original collection offers the first significant comparative study of the politics of history curricula across East Asia. Vickers and Jones examine the relationship of history education to changing official visions of the past in a context of political transformation, giving special consideration to the rise of communism, decolonization, and the Cold War divisions of China and Korea. Chapters by a range of international scholars deal with history education in Japan, the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and the two Koreas. They focus on the content of official syllabi and textbooks, and on the influences shaping government policy regarding the teaching of history. Highlighting the tension between the traditional nation-building priorities of history education and the emerging cross-regional concern with the promotion of 'skills', this important book shows how the school subject of History has been a major site for the construction and contestation of definitions of national and regional identity..
9. Edward Vickers, In Search of An Identity: The Politics of History as a School Subject in Hong Kong, 1960s-2005, Hong Kong, 2005.09, In most societies, the school subject of History reflects and reinforces a sense of collective identity. However, in Hong Kong this has emphatically not been the case. Official and popular ambivalence towards 'the nation' in the shape of the People's Republic of China, and the sensitivity of Hong Kong's own political and cultural status, have meant that the question of local identity has until recently been largely sidestepped in school curricula and textbooks. In this study, Edward Vickers sets out to reexamine some of the myths concerning colonialism and schooling under the British, while showing how in postcolonial Hong Kong these myths have been deployed to legitimize a programme of nationalistic reeducation. In the Afterword to this 2005 edition, he emphasizes that it is Hong Kong's fundamentally undemocratic political context that has thwarted and continues to thwart efforts to make history education a vehicle for fostering a liberal, democratic sense of regional and national citizenship..
主要原著論文
1. Edward Vickers Sicong Chen, The politics of education on China’s periphery: ‘Telling China’s Story Well’ – or honestly?, Comparative Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2023.2299907, 60, 1, 2024.01, [URL], This article provides an overview of the politics of education as they affect regions and communities on the periphery of the People’s Republic of China. Drawing on the articles in this special issue of Comparative Education, it analyses tensions related to the attempted imposition of Bejing’s homogenising and totalising vision of Chineseness across Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hong Kong, Taiwan and amongst the mainland’s migrant underclass. Also considered here are the politics of comparative educational scholarship, as they relate to a widespread failure to engage critically with the diversity and complexity of Chinese societies. Attributable largely to the West’s own ‘culture wars’, this failure betrays much-touted ethical commitments to social justice and anti-‘hegemonic’ resistance. It is thus a central purpose of this essay – and special issue – to urge educational scholars to interrogate the politics of oppression and injustice in China and elsewhere ‘beyond the Western horizon’..
2. Yan Fei Edward Vickers, Balancing unity and diversity? Shifting state policies and the curricular portrayal of China’s minority nationalities, Comparative Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2023.2213139, 60, 1, 2024.01, [URL], This article analyses the implications of recent policy changes for the portrayal of minority nationalities in the latest China’s history textbooks published around 2017. We argue that ideological responses to the fierce ethnic clashes of the late 2000s and the leadership transition since 2012 have generated increasingly contradictory official discourses on the relationship between Chinese identity and cultural diversity, which are manifested in the textbooks. On the one hand, policies and textbooks still appear to endorse a multi-minzu, inclusive understanding of nationhood and Chinese history. On the other hand, an increasing emphasis on nationalist discourses celebrating the Han culture and achievements reinforces assimilationist narratives based on a monolithic and homogenising vision of Chinese nationhood. We argue that such tensions reflect conflicts over contradictory understandings of Chineseness that have intensified since 2008–2009, and that the increasing marginalisation in textbooks of non-Han groups may contribute to further exacerbating problems in the handling of inter-minzu relations..
3. Wan Yi Edward Vickers, Discipline and moralise: gratitude education for China’s migrant families, Comparative Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2023.2296191, 2024.01, [URL], The problems China’s rural-born migrants face in accessing urban public services, including education, are widely known. This article analyses how official discourse attributes migrant children’s vulnerability to their ‘problematic family background’ while exhorting them to show ‘gratitude’ to a benevolent state. Combining documentary analysis and insights from fieldwork, we examine how ‘gratitude education’ seeks to inculcate notions of a moral hierarchy in which migrants are subordinate or inferior. We further investigate parental beliefs and practices with respect to gratitude, and family participation in related educational activities. The findings indicate that such activities constitute just one aspect of a broader strategy that extends to initiatives focused on governance and philanthropy. Programmes of gratitude education are one tactic for concealing the deficiencies in government action on rural migrants’ behalf. By associating entitlement to public goods with individual or familial propriety, they aim to legitimate the institutional barriers that ensure migrants’ enduring marginalisation..
4. Edward Vickers, The motherland’s suffocating embrace: schooling and public discourse on Hong Kong identity under the National Security Law, Comparative Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2023.2212351, 60, 1, 2024.01, [URL], While ‘national education’ has regularly been invoked by post-1997 Hong Kong administrations, its pursuit has acquired new force and urgency since the introduction in 2020 of a National Security Law. Investigating the role of schooling in this reinvigorated project of thought reform, this article asks how far recent initiatives have merely amplified official identity discourse or marked a qualitative change. It does so primarily by analysing the official curriculum and textbooks for Citizenship and Social Development (CSD), introduced in 2022 to replace Liberal Studies, a subject widely blamed by nationalists for fomenting sedition. Following a comparative overview of the new and old curricula, there is a discussion of changes to the textbook treatment of: the historical framing of identity; the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ model; culture’s significance for Hong Kong’s place in China; and civil, legal and constitutional rights and duties. The analysis concludes with reflections on what these changes imply both for China’s efforts to re-educate its unruly Hong Kong subjects, and for scholarly efforts to understand and explain such processes..
5. Yoko Mochizuki Edward Vickers Audrey Bryan, Huxleyan utopia or Huxleyan dystopia? 'Scientific humanism', Faure's legacy and the ascendancy of neuroliberalism in education, International Review of Education, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-022-09982-6, 68, 5, 709-730, 2022.11, [URL], In addition to the longstanding threat posed by narrow economism, faith in the possibility of peace and progress through democratic politics – central to the humanistic vision of the 1972 Faure report – today faces additional challenges. These challenges include the ascendancy of neurocentrism in the global policyscape. Whereas the effects of neoliberalism on education have been extensively critiqued, the implications of a newer, related ideological framework known as neuroliberalism remain under-theorised. Neuroliberalism combines neoliberal ideas concerning the role of markets in addressing social problems with beliefs about human nature ostensibly grounded in the behavioural, psychological and neurological sciences. This article critically examines a recent initiative of one of UNESCO’s Category 1 Institutes – the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (MGIEP) – that seeks to mainstream neuroscience and digital technology within global educational policy. Comparing the visions of the 1972 Faure, the 1996 Delors and the 2021 Futures of Education reports with MGIEP’s International Science and Evidence Based Education Assessment (ISEEA), the authors analyse continuity and change in UNESCO’s attempts to articulate a vision of “scientific humanism” which advocates the use of science for the betterment of humanity. They argue that ISEEA’s overall recommendations – as represented in its Summary for Decision Makers (SDM) – reinforce a reductive, depoliticised vision of education which threatens to exacerbate educational inequality while enhancing the profits and power of Big Tech. These recommendations exemplify a neuroliberal turn in global education policy discourse, marking a stark departure from the central focus on ethics and democratic politics characteristic of UNESCO’s landmark education reports. Reanimating, in cruder form, visions of a scientifically-organised utopia of the kind that attracted UNESCO’s inaugural Director-General, Julian Huxley, ISEEA’s recommendations actually point towards the sort of dystopian “brave new world” of which his brother, Aldous Huxley, warned..
6. Edward Vickers Paul Morris, Accelerating Hong Kong’s reeducation: ‘mainlandisation’, securitisation and the 2020 National Security Law, Comparative Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2022.2046878, 58, 2, 187-205, 2024.01, Whilst Hong Kong’s return to Chinese sovereignty in 1997 has influenced education in various ways, major reforms perceived as promoting mainland control have been resisted. For two decades, Hong Kong’s educational autonomy under the ‘one country, two systems’ formula was thus largely maintained. This changed radically with the response to the protests of 2019–2020, culminating in the introduction of a National Security Law. This has drastically constrained Hong Kong’s civil society, enhanced central government control of education and accelerated efforts to reeducate Hongkongers as loyal PRC citizens. We trace how this transformation has been enacted and justified, and reflect on its consequences. We analyse the current situation through the lenses of ‘internal colonialism’ and securitisation, which have characterised governance of China’s restive periphery under Xi Jinping. We argue that analytical perspectives in Comparative Education, relating to postcolonialism/decolonisation and globalisation, obstruct or distort understanding of Hong Kong’s present predicament..
7. Wan Yi Edward Vickers, Towards Meritocratic Apartheid? Points Systems and Migrant Access to China's Urban Public Schools, The China Quarterly, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741021000990, 249, 210-238, 2022.03, This paper analyses rural migrant children's access to public schools in urban China, focusing on the implications of the recent introduction of points systems for apportioning school places. This approach, first piloted by Zhongshan city in Guangdong province from 2009, has steadily been extended nationwide. Here, we analyse the reasons for its spread and for divergence in its implementation in various urban districts. Notwithstanding rhetorical claims that points systems promote “fairness” or “equality” in the treatment of migrants, our analysis suggests that they maintain or even exacerbate the stratification of urban society, lending new legitimation to the hierarchical differentiation of entitlements. This is consistent with the aim of the 2014 “New national urbanization plan” to divert urban growth from megacities towards smaller cities. However, we argue that the use of points systems should also be seen in the context of an evolving bureaucratic-ideological project aimed at more rigorously monitoring and assessing China's entire population, invoking the logic of meritocracy for the purpose of control..
8. Edward Vickers, Towards national socialism with Chinese characteristics? Schooling and nationalism in contemporary China, World Yearbook of Education 2022, DOI:10.4324/9781003137801-5, 46-65, 2022.01.
9. Edward Vickers, Paul Morris, Schooling, Politics and the Construction of Identity in Hong Kong: the “Moral and National Education” Crisis in Historical Context, Comparative Education, 51, 3, 305-326, 2015.06, Since Hong Kong's retrocession, the government has endeavoured to strengthen local citizens' identification with the People's Republic of China – a project that acquired new impetus with the 2010 decision to introduce ‘Moral and National Education’ (MNE) as a compulsory school subject. In the face of strong local opposition, this policy was withdrawn in 2012, and implementation of MNE made optional. This article seeks to elucidate the background to the MNE controversy of 2012 by locating the emergence of a distinctive Hong Kong identity in its historical context, and analysing successive official attempts (before and after the 1997 retrocession) to use schooling for purposes of political socialisation. We argue that the school curriculum has projected and reflected a dual sense of identity: a ‘Chineseness’ located mainly in ethno-cultural qualities, and a ‘Hongkongeseness’ rooted in civic attributes. While reinforced by schooling, local civic consciousness has been intimately related to a tradition of public activism strongly evident since the 1970s, and further strengthened post-1997..
10. Edward Vickers, Yang Biao, Shanghai's History Curriculum Reforms and Shifting Textbook Portrayals of Japan, French Centre for Research on Contemporary China, 2013/4, 33-43, 2013.12, [URL], This article examines the coverage of Japan in Shanghai's senior high history textbooks since the early 1990s – a period when the city's status as China's“showpiece for the global era”has been widely touted. Uniquely among cities on the Chinese mainland, Shanghai has throughout this period enjoyed the right to publish and prescribe its own textbooks for use in local schools (a right extended to most other regions only since the early 2000s). The portrayal of Japan in local texts thus offers a window onto the way in which a self-avowedly “global” Chinese metropolis has balanced an outward-looking and internationalist vision with the requirement for history to serve patriotic education. It also sheds light on the meaning and extent of local curricular “autonomy” in contemporary China..
11. Edward Vickers, Editorial: Chinese Visions of Japan - official narratives of a troubled relationship, The French Centre for Research on Contemporary China, 2013/4, 3-5, 2013.12, [URL].
12. Edward Anthony Vickers, Transcending Victimhood: Japan in the public historical museums of Taiwan and the People's Republic of China, French Centre for Research on Contemporary China, 2013/4, 19-32, 2013.12, [URL], This article looks at how the major national (or pseudo-national) historical museums in China and Taiwan interpret and display very different “new rememberings” of Japan. The main focus is on the permanent exhibitions of the modern history wing of the National Museum of China (NMC; formerly the Museum of the Chinese Revolution), which finally reopened in 2011 after almost a decade of refurbishment, and of the National Museum of Taiwan History (NMTH), which opened in the same year. It discusses how museum portrayals of Japan reflect divergent public discourses on national identity. Through examining the relationship between museums and the apparatus of the Chinese state (ROC and PRC), the first section locates the NMC and NMTH in their bureaucratic and political contexts. A typology of approaches to the construction of national identity is then offered, considering the implications of different conceptions of identity for portrayals of Japan and its relationship with China or Taiwan. The remainder of the article looks in turn at the NMC and NMTH, outlining the history of each before examining how Japan is represented in their permanent exhibitions. It concludes by considering what can be learnt from this about the evolving relationship between official historical discourse and the broader political context on both sides of the Taiwan Strait..
13. Edward Vickers, Selling Socialism with Chinese Characteristics: “Thought and Politics” and the Legitimisation of China’s Developmental Strategy, The International Journal of Educational Development, 29, 523-531, 2009.09, This article examines China’s senior high ‘Thought and Politics’ (sixiang zhengzhi) texts, analyzing how these seek to legitimize the regime’s developmental strategy. It is argued that their overriding emphasis on the strengthening of the state is premised upon the imperative of securing China’s position within global order conceived in Darwinian terms. While the school curriculum cannot be seen simply as an instrument with which the party-state shapes and moulds popular consciousness at will, it is assumed here that it does play a significant role in the political socialisation of young people. ‘Thought and Politics’ serves as a benchmark of ideological correctness within what remains a highly centralised system of curriculum development. The article begins by briefly analyzing the shifts and continuities in China’s developmental strategy, and of the roles assigned to education within that strategy. The importance traditionally attached to schooling’s moralizing function is noted, as is the relatively elitist character of the audience for the ‘Thought and Politics’ course – senior high school students. After considering how and why a discourse of state-centred patriotism has become central to the Communist Party’s efforts to legitimise its authority, the implications of the ‘Patriotic Education Campaign’ for the broader school curriculum are reviewed. The main discussion then focuses on the way in which the current texts for ‘Thought and Politics’ justify the national developmental strategy in terms derived from this patriotic discourse. Some potential implications of this combination of patriotic political socialisation with a highly labour-repressive developmental model, setting the case of China in comparative and historical context..
14. Edward Vickers, History, Identity and the Politics of Taiwan's Museums: reflections on the DPP-KMT transition No. 3, 92-106., China Perspectives, 3, 96-106, 2010.09, Museums in Taiwan—as elsewhere—have always been embroiled in politicised debates over collective identity, both reflecting and helping to shape the contours of identity discourse. During the four decades of the Martial Law era, the Kuomintang (KMT) regime used museums as vehicles for its campaigns to nurture patriotic citizens of a “Republic of China” encompassing the entire Chinese mainland. However, with the onset of democratisation from the late 1980s, museums increasingly reflected and reinforced a strengthening consensus over Taiwan’s historical and cultural distinctiveness, while also mirroring the considerable pluralism of popular identity consciousness. This trend was accentuated under the regime of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) after 2000, but 2008 witnessed the return to power of a KMT determined to establish warmer ties with China. This paper examines the extent to which the new regime’s more accommodative approach to China has extended into the realm of museums, while considering whether developments within the sector, and within broader Taiwanese society, mean that museums are no longer quite the pliable tools of official cultural policy that they once were..
主要総説, 論評, 解説, 書評, 報告書等
主要学会発表等
1. Mark Bray, UNESCO Chair Professor in Comparative Education at the University of Hong Kong; Edward Vickers, Professor of Comparative Education at Kyushu University, Japan; Yoko Mochizuki, Head of Rethinking Curricula Programme of UNESCO MGIEP and a specialist in comparative education; while the discussants included HE Ton Sa Im, Under Secretary of State of the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport of Cambodia; Jandhyala B.G. Tilak, Distinguished Professor at the Council for Social Development and former Vice-chancellor at National University of Educational Planning and Administration, India; Jeremy Rappleye, Associate Professor at Kyoto University, Graduate School of Education., A Plenary Panel Discussion on the UNESCO Report 'Rethinking Schooling for the 21st Century - the State of Education for Peace, Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship in Asia', Comparative Education Society of Asia, 2018.05, On 12 May, a plenary panel discussion was dedicated to UNESCO MGIEP’s seminal report Rethinking Schooling: The State of Education for Peace, Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship in Asia. Dr Yoko Mochizuki, Head of Rethinking Curricula Programme of UNESCO MGIEP, presented the key findings.

The report is based on the analysis of 172 official documents in 18 languages based on a common coding scheme and extensive literature review on Asian schooling. It seeks to assess how far the aims and values encapsulated in SDG 4.7 have been incorporated into the educational policies and officially-mandated curricula of 22 Asian countries. By analysing current policies, curricular frameworks, subject syllabi, and textbooks, it aims to create a baseline against which further progress towards SDG 4.7 can be monitored. At the same time, it sets out to change the way we talk about and act upon SDG 4.7 and argues that a broader vision of education’s nature and social role is essential to our chances of achieving a peaceful and sustainable future for Asia and the world.

Panellists for the session included Mark Bray, UNESCO Chair Professor in Comparative Education at the University of Hong Kong; Edward Vickers, Professor of Comparative Education at Kyushu University, Japan; Yoko Mochizuki, Head of Rethinking Curricula Programme of UNESCO MGIEP and a specialist in comparative education; while the discussants included HE Ton Sa Im, Under Secretary of State of the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport of Cambodia; Jandhyala B.G. Tilak, Distinguished Professor at the Council for Social Development and former Vice-chancellor at National University of Educational Planning and Administration, India; Jeremy Rappleye, Associate Professor at Kyoto University, Graduate School of Education..
2. Yoko Mochizuki, Edward Vickers (Kyudai), Lorna Down, Eleni Christadoulou, Is UNESCO still ‘the conscience of the United Nations’? Sustaining a role for UNESCO in the ‘sustainable development’agenda, Comparative and International Education Society, 2019.04, In 2015, 193 Member States of the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its accompanying set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Education for peace, sustainable development and global citizenship is enshrined in SDG Target 4.7, which focuses on equipping learners with “knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development”. While SDG 4.7 has been characterized by UNESCO as an important target pertinent to “the social, humanistic and moral purposes of education” (UNESCO, 2016, p.288), discussions surrounding its monitoring and implementation have been limited to technical issues such as the lack of baselines, and have largely avoided raising critical questions about fundamental challenges to promoting peace and sustainability through education.

In this panel, we will argue that central to these challenges is the fact that, today, UNESCO finds itself compelled to pursue its humanistic agenda in the context of an increasingly influential movement for the ‘global governance’ of education, promoted by the OECD and World Bank. This subjects policymaking in education, as in other areas, to what Muller calls ‘the tyranny of metrics’ (2018), whereby ‘accountability’ demands assessment of ‘performance’ by reference to measurable, quantitative benchmarks. As Muller and others observe (see, for example, Morris, 2016; Wolf, 2002), this approach tends to skew the emphasis in policymaking and curriculum development towards ‘skills’ that are readily measurable and comparable. It is also informed by a largely economistic approach to the goals of education, prioritising its role in ‘human capital’ generation, on the questionable assumption that measurable ‘performance’ in ‘key skills’ translates into enhanced economic growth (Komatsu and Rappleye, 2017).

Here we will examine to what extent continuing efforts to pursue UNESCO’s longstanding humanistic goals, now repackaged as SDG 4.7, are conditioned by this global drive towards quantifiability, economistic instrumentalism and ‘skills’. We do this by focusing on the work of UNESCO-MGIEP (the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development), UNESCO’s first ‘Category 1’ Research Institute in the Asia-Pacific region, and the only one focusing on ‘education for peace and sustainable development’ (i.e. the themes encompassed by SDG 4.7). Although MGIEP has a global mandate and is an integral part of UNESCO, its evolution since its inception in 2012 cannot be properly understood without taking into consideration its base in India.

The first paper, by Edward Vickers, will provide an overview of the development of MGIEP itself, analysing the evolution of its mission and agenda, and the factors that have influenced this. It will explain how MGIEP’s agenda has been shaped by a combination of macro-institutional factors (involving both UNESCO’s position in relation to other multilateral organizations, and MGIEP’s positioning vis-a-vis other UNESCO entities); the national context, involving the state of educational debate within India (and the enormous stake national and multinational ‘ed-tech’ companies have in penetrating the Indian market); and micro-level intra-organisational factors.

MGIEP’s evolving agenda has recently led to a research focus on ‘social and emotional learning’ or SEL, and techniques for what amounts to behaviour modification informed by cognitive psychology or ‘learning science’ and neuroscience. Terms such as ‘social and emotional skills’, ‘pro-social behaviour’, ‘mindfulness’, ‘kindness’, ‘empathy- and compassion-building’ are coming to form a new lexicon framing debate over educational ‘transformation’ for the 21st century. The second paper, by Yoko Mochizuki, examines the rise of SEL as a new ‘zeitgeist’, analysing the recent fashion for foregrounding social and emotional skills—sometimes referred to as ‘non-cognitive’ (OECD) or ‘soft’ skills—and delineating some major implications of current efforts to mainstream SEL in schooling, particularly in the context of SDG4.7 implementation. While two MGIEP publications released in 2017 (Rethinking Schooling for the 21st Century and Textbooks for Sustainable Development) focused largely on curricular and pedagogical issues relating to the promotion of civic values encapsulated in SDG 4.7 (including human rights, respect for cultural diversity and appreciation of culture’s contribution to sustainable development), this new work on ‘SEL’ aims to foster a capacity for ‘self-regulation’ on the part of individual learners, with little reference to the broader social or political context. The paper will argue that this marks a potentially significant departure from UNESCO’s traditional approach to education for sustainable development, peace, human rights, and global citizenship.

Finally, Lorna Down will analyse one example of a more conventional capacity-building initiative by MGIEP—a pilot project conducted in 2018 in the State of Sikkim, India, aimed at training textbook authors (including practising teachers) to ‘embed’ ideas relating to sustainable development in teaching materials designed for use in local classrooms. Sikkim became India’s first fully ‘organic’ state in 2016, and is committed to integrating SDGs in all sectors including education. The paper will consider the challenges involved in supporting these practitioners in their efforts to grasp relevant concepts and relate them meaningfully to the experiences of young children, while taking account of the practical and material constraints faced by teachers and schools.

The contributors to the panel will debate what the overarching focus of UNESCO-MGIEP on digital learning and neuroscience means for the various projects the institute pursues, and for the interpretation by UNESCO as a whole of SDG 4 (on ‘inclusive and equitable quality education’). They will seek to engage the audience for this panel in a discussion of the extent to which the trends affecting the work of MGIEP are also at work in the education policy arena in national contexts other than that of India (where MGIEP is located), and within UNESCO at large and other multilateral and civil society organisations. Amongst the questions they will pose are: To what extent is the pursuit of ‘learning science’, ‘evidence-based’ education policymaking and technology-based means for the enhancement of schooling effectiveness crowding out serious reflection on the fundamental purposes of education, and its social and political (as well as economic) functions? And to the extent that this is happening, should it worry us, and why?
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学会活動
所属学会名
Comparative Education Society of Asia
Comparative Education Society of Japan
British Assocation of International and Comparative Education
学協会役員等への就任
2012.07~2014.09, Comparative Education Society of Asia, Secretary General.
学会大会・会議・シンポジウム等における役割
2018.05.10~2018.05.12, Biennial Conference of the Comparative Education Society of Asia, CESA Secretary-General.
2017.09.04~2017.09.05, Exhibiting the Fall: Remembering and Representing War and its Aftermath in Asia, Core partner, co-organiser.
2017.03.24~2017.03.27, WARMAP Essex Workshop, Core partner, co-organiser.
2016.12.17~2016.12.18, Borders of Memory: National Commemoration in East Asia Conference, Main organiser.
2016.09.01~2016.01.09, WARMAP China workshops, Core partner, co-organiser.
2016.07.23~2016.07.25, WARMAP writers’ workshop, Core partner, co-organiser.
2016.01.07~2016.01.08, WARMAP international workshop “Pasts not past: War memories & memoryscapes in a transforming Asia”, Core partner, co-organiser.
2012.07.06~2014.08.06, Comparative Education Society of Asia, Secretary General.
2015.06.25~2015.06.27, WARMAP network (Leverhulme Trust international network on War Memoryscapes in Asia) - planning meeting, partner.
2015.01.06~2015.01.08, WARMAP network: planning workshop, network partner.
2014.03.22~2014.03.23, Asia's Great War - memories and memoryscapes of the 1937-1945 conflict, invited speaker.
2014.06.05~2014.06.06, Political Reconciliation in Comparative Perspective, Invited speaker.
2014.08.23~2014.08.24, 日本教育学会大会, Chair/organiser of symposium: 公開シンポジウム I 東アジアをつなぐ教育の可能性を探る −貧困・格差・ナショナリズムを越えて− .
2014.05.16~2014.05.18, Comparative Education Society of Asia: Ninth Biennial Conference, Organiser / Secretary General of the Society.
2013.09.06~2013.09.07, East Asia Images of Japan: International Symposium, Main organiser.
2012.05.15~2012.05.19, Leverhulme Network on Japan and East Asian Identities, organiser.
学会誌・雑誌・著書の編集への参加状況
2016.06~2020.06, Asia-Pacific Journal of Education, 国際, 査読委員.
2015.04~2018.03, Educational Studies in Japan (English-language yearbook of the Japanese Educational Research Association), 国内, 編集委員.
2010.05~2016.05, Routledge Studies in Education and Society in Asia (book series), 国際, 編集委員長.
2012.07~2015.07, Compare: A Journal of Comparative Education, 国際, International Advisory Board member.
学術論文等の審査
年度 外国語雑誌査読論文数 日本語雑誌査読論文数 国際会議録査読論文数 国内会議録査読論文数 合計
2018年度      
2017年度 13        13 
2016年度      
2015年度 10        10 
2014年度   20    24 
2013年度   16    19 
2012年度   15    18 
その他の研究活動
海外渡航状況, 海外での教育研究歴
London School of Economics, University of Essex, UnitedKingdom, 2014.05~2014.05.
Beijing Normal University, China, 2013.12~2013.12.
Polytechnic Institute of Macau, Macao, 2014.05~2014.05.
University of Macau, Macao, 2013.06~2013.06.
Beijing Normal University, China, 2013.03~2013.03.
Institute of Education, University of London, UnitedKingdom, 2012.09~2012.09.
外国人研究者等の受入れ状況
2019.01~2019.01, 2週間未満, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, 学内資金.
2019.01~2019.02, 2週間以上1ヶ月未満, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, 学内資金.
2019.01~2019.02, 2週間未満, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, 学内資金.
2019.01~2019.02, 2週間以上1ヶ月未満, National Taiwan Normal University, Belgium, 学内資金.
研究資金
科学研究費補助金の採択状況(文部科学省、日本学術振興会)
2015年度~2018年度, 特別研究員奨励費, 代表, Education for migration and the Filipino Diaspora - political and economic implications.
競争的資金(受託研究を含む)の採択状況
2017年度~2020年度, Ministry of Education (Taiwan, ROC) Taiwan Studies Project, 代表, Kyushu University Interdisciplinary Taiwan Studies Program.

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