| 1. |
Simple Identifying Highly Productive Lacquer Tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum) Clones by Measuring Resin Exudate Length, Tree Growth Traits, and Leaf Characteristics
Increased production and a stable domestic supply of tree lacquer from Toxicodendron vernicifluum is essential for restoring national treasures and important cultural properties in Japan. Therefore, it is beneficial to identify clones that produce large quantities of lacquer. In this study, we used DNA markers to investigate the clonal structures of lacquer trees originating from roots at seven sites in Ibaraki Prefecture. In addition, we measured the amount of lacquer produced by several tree within each clone group. We determined the relationships between resin exudate length, tree growth traits, and leaf characteristics to find indices that can be used to indirectly estimate the amounts of lacquer produced. In total, 10 clones (A-J) were detected at the sites, with about 50％ of individuals belonging to clone E. We found that individual trees with clone groups tended to share characteristics that differed among clones. In particular, the amounts of lacquer production and diameter at breast height (DBH) were significantly different between clones. Clones with larger DBH values produced larger amounts of lacquer. Even at different sites, the growth and leaf characteristics of individuals within each clone group were very similar. Our study suggested that measurement of exuded resin, DBH, and leaf characteristics in individuals around 10-20 years old can be used to identify clones that produce large amounts of lacquer.. |
| 2. |
Detection of Plus Trees Heterozygous for a Male-sterility Gene in Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.), Using Self-pollinated Families. |
| 3. |
Iwaizumi, Masakazu G.; Matsunaga, Koji; Iki, Taiichi; Yamanobe, Taro; Hirao, Tomonori; Watanabe, Atsushi, Geographical cline and inter-seaside difference in cone characteristics related to climatic conditions of old planted Pinus thunbergii populations throughout Japan, PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY, 10.1111/1442-1984.12309, 36, 2, 218-229, 2021.04. |
| 4. |
Iki, T., Matsunaga, K., Hirao, T., Ohira, M., Yamanobe, T., Iwaizumi, M. G., Miura, M., Isoda, K., Kurita, M., Takahashi, M. & Watanabe, A., Effects of temperature factors on resistance against pine wood nematodes in pinus thunbergii, based on multiple location sites nematode inoculation tests, Forests, 11, 9, 2020.09. |
| 5. |
R. Yamaguchi, K. Matsunaga, A. Watanabe, Influence of temperature on pine wilt disease progression in Pinus thunbergii seedlings, European Journal of Plant Pathology, 10.1007/s10658-019-01908-7, 156, 2, 581-590, 2020.02, Pine wilt disease (PWD) affects forests globally and is caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. It has been proposed that PWD development has a strong association with air temperature. Because symptom development is related to the number of PWNs and they are poikilothermic animals whose development and multiplication are affected by temperature; it appears that temperature conditions affect the PWN multiplication rate, which leads to difference in disease progression. However, limited information is available about the temperatures inside pine trees, and the understanding of how temperature affects PWN multiplication and PWD progression remains incomplete. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the temperature, number of PWNs, and external symptoms of PWD in Pinus thunbergii seedlings infected with PWNs at air temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C over time. We found that the seedling temperatures were slightly higher than the air temperature under each temperature condition and that the effective accumulated temperature calculated using a base temperature of 10 °C was related to the number of PWNs and symptom development in all temperature test groups. However, at 20 °C, there were very few PWNs in some seedlings and none of the seedlings showed partial or full wilting. These findings suggest that PWD progression is greatly affected by ambient temperature and facilitated by increase in PWN populations with effective accumulated temperature especially in the range of 25 °C–30 °C.. |
| 6. |
Mine Nose, Manabu Kurita, Miho Tamura, Michinari Matsushita, Yuichiro Hiraoka, Taiichi Iki, So Hanaoka, Kentaro Mishima, Miyoko Tsubomura, Atsushi Watanabe, Effects of day length- And temperature-regulated genes on annual transcriptome dynamics in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), a gymnosperm indeterminate species, PloS one, 10.1371/journal.pone.0229843, 15, 3, 2020.01, Seasonal phenomena in plants are primarily affected by day length and temperature. The shoot transcriptomes of trees grown in the field and a controlled-environment chamber were compared to characterize genes that control annual rhythms and the effects of day length- and temperature-regulated genes in the gymnosperm Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), which exhibits seasonally indeterminate growth. Annual transcriptome dynamics were clearly demonstrated by principal component analysis using microarray data obtained under field-grown conditions. Analysis of microarray data from trees grown in a controlled chamber identified 2,314 targets exhibiting significantly different expression patterns under short-day (SD) and long-day conditions, and 2,045 targets exhibited significantly different expression patterns at 15°C (LT; low temperature) versus 25°C. Interestingly, although growth was suppressed under both SD and LT conditions, approximately 80% of the SD- and LT-regulated targets differed, suggesting that each factor plays a unique role in the annual cycle. The top 1,000 up-regulated targets in the growth/dormant period in the field coincided with more than 50% of the SD- and LT-regulated targets, and gene co-expression network analysis of the annual transcriptome indicated a close relationship between the SD- and LT-regulated targets. These results indicate that the respective effects of day length and temperature interact to control annual transcriptome dynamics. Well-known upstream genes of signaling pathways responsive to environmental conditions, such as the core clock (LHY/CjLHYb and CCA1/CjLHYa) and PEBP family (MFT) genes, exhibited unique expression patterns in Japanese cedar compared with previous reports in other species, suggesting that these genes control differences in seasonal regulation mechanisms between species. The results of this study provide new insights into seasonal regulation of transcription in Japanese cedar.. |
| 7. |
Tomonori Hirao, Koji Matsunaga, Hideki Hirakawa, Kenta Shirasawa, Keiya Isoda, Kentaro Mishima, Miho Tamura, Atsushi Watanabe, Construction of genetic linkage map and identification of a novel major locus for resistance to pine wood nematode in Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), BMC plant biology, 10.1186/s12870-019-2045-y, 19, 1, 2019.10, Background: Pine wilt disease (PWD), which is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is currently the greatest threat to pine forests in Europe and East Asian countries including Japan. Constructing a detailed linkage map of DNA markers and identifying PWD resistance genes/loci lead to improved resistance in Pinus thunbergii, as well as other Pinus species that are also susceptible to PWD. Results: A total F1 mapping population of 188 individuals derived from a cross between the PWD-resistant P. thunbergii varieties 'Tanabe 54' (resistant rank 2 to PWD) and 'Tosashimizu 63' (resistant rank 4 to PWD) was inoculated with PWN, and was evaluated for disease symptoms. To perform linkage analysis for PWN resistance, a set of three maps was constructed; two parental maps generated using the integrated two-way pseudo-testcross method, and a consensus map with population-type cross-pollination. The linkage map of 'Tanabe 54' consisted of 167 loci, and covered 14 linkage groups (LGs), with a total genetic distance of 1214.6 cM. The linkage map of 'Tosashimizu 63' consisted of 252 loci, and covered 14 LGs, with a total genetic distance of 1422.1 cM. The integrated consensus map comprised 12 LGs with the basic chromosome number of P. thunbergii, and a total genetic distance of 1403.6 cM. Results from quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using phenotype data and linkage maps indicated that PWN resistance is controlled by a single dominant allele, which was derived from the 'Tanabe 54' female parent. This major QTL was located on linkage group 3 and was designated PWD1 for PINE WILT DISEASE 1. Conclusions: The PWD1 locus is a major resistance QTL located on the Pinus consensus LG03 that acts in a dominant manner to confer pine wood nematode resistance. Information from the present study will be useful for P. thunbergii breeding programs to improve resistance to PWD, and also to help identify susceptibility genes in Pinus species.. |
| 8. |
Development of simple DNA markers for selecting trees with the male-sterile gene of Cryptomeria japonica “Sosyun”
We report the development of two types of simple DNA markers that can be used to easily identify genotypes of both the male-sterile and wild-type individuals at a locus, which is tightly linked to the causative gene of male sterility in the “Sosyun” clone of Cryptomeria japonica. Both the allele-specific primer (ASP) PCR marker and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker were designed using previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information. The cDNA and genomic DNA of the EST reCj19250, which is linked to the ms-1 locus, were sequenced for both the “Sosyun” and wild-type plus-tree “Usui2” clones. Primers were designed for detecting both the sterile and wild-type SNPs using the genomic DNA sequences. For the ASP-PCR marker, homozygous recessive male-sterile individuals yielded a single 157-bp fragment, whereas the homozygous wild-type individuals yielded a single 345-bp fragment, and heterozygotes yielded both fragments. Similarly, for the CAPS marker, male-sterile individuals yielded a single 101-bp fragment after digestion, whereas wild-type ones yielded an intact single 125-bp fragment, and heterozygotes yielded fragments of both sizes. These markers could be utilized for identifying male-sterile individuals during seedling production and for identifying heterozygous trees for future tree breeding.. |
| 9. |
Rimi Yamaguchi, Koji Matsunaga, Tomonori Hirao, Miho Tamura, Atsushi Watanabe, Spatiotemporal analysis of pine wilt disease
Relationship between pinewood nematode distribution and defence response in Pinus thunbergii seedlings, Forest Pathology, 10.1111/efp.12518, 2019.01, Pine wilt disease is of major concern as it has destroyed pine forests in East Asia and Europe. Several studies have suggested that invasion by the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which causes this disease, evokes an excessive defence response in pine trees, resulting in tree death. However, few studies have quantitatively evaluated the correlation between PWN distribution and tree defence responses. Therefore, the present study aimed to quantify the number of PWNs and expression levels of putative pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in different positions of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings over time. To quantify the number of PWNs in the seedlings, we used TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. During the early phase of infection, most PWNs were distributed around the inoculated sites, with only a small number being detected at distant sites, but the expression levels of PR genes were highly upregulated throughout the seedlings. Both the number of PWNs and expression levels of PR genes then increased drastically throughout the seedlings, all of which exhibited external symptoms. Thus, it appears that the rapid migration of PWNs induces a defence response throughout the seedling; however, this may not be effective in controlling these parasites, thereby ultimately leading to plant death.. |
| 10. |
Miyoko Tsubomura, Nomado Goda, Tomonori Hirao, Kentaro Mishima, Ken Ichi Konagaya, Miho Tamura, Makoto Takahashi, Atsushi Watanabe, Development of simple DNA markers for selecting trees with the male-sterile gene of cryptomeriajaponica "Sosyun", Nihon Ringakkai Shi/Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 10.4005/jjfs.101.155, 101, 4, 155-162, 2019.01, We report the development of two types of simple DNA markers that can be used to easily identify genotypes of both the male-sterile and wild-type individuals at a locus, which is tightly linked to the causative gene of male sterility in the “Sosyun” clone of Cryptomeria japonica. Both the allele-specific primer (ASP) PCR marker and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker were designed using previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information. The cDNA and genomic DNA of the EST reCj 19250, which is linked to the ms-1 locus, were sequenced for both the “Sosyun” and wild-type plus-tree “Usui 2” clones. Primers were designed for detecting both the sterile and wild-type SNPs using the genomic DNA sequences. For the ASP-PCR marker, homozygous recessive male-sterile individuals yielded a single 157-bp fragment, whereas the homozygous wild-type individuals yielded a single 345-bp fragment, and heterozygotes yielded both fragments. Similarly, for the CAPS marker, male-sterile individuals yielded a single 101-bp fragment after digestion, whereas wild-type ones yielded an intact single 125 -bp fragment, and heterozygotes yielded fragments of both sizes. These markers could be utilized for identifying male-sterile individuals during seedling production and for identifying heterozygous trees for future tree breeding.. |
| 11. |
Manami Takeuchi, Atsushi Watanabe, Miho Tamura, Yuji Tsutsumi, The gene expression analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana ABC transporters by real-time PCR for screening monolignol-transporter candidates, Journal of Wood Science, 10.1007/s10086-018-1733-9, 64, 5, 477-484, 2018.10, The transport of monolignols from the cytosol to the cell wall is essential for lignin synthesis. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters may be involved in the transport of lignin precursors. ABC transporter genes subjected to expression analysis were chosen based on two criteria for screening candidate transporter genes related to lignification. The expression levels of 15 target genes in five plant organs were analyzed by real-time PCR. Five transporter genes (ABCG29, ABCG30, ABCG33, ABCG34, and ABCG37), which were simultaneously expressed with the reference genes, were selected as candidates. The candidate gene expression levels in root tissues of T-DNA insertion mutants were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR. ABCG30 was more highly expressed in the abcg34 mutant than in the wild-type plants, while the expression of ABCG34 was twofold higher in the abcg30 mutant plants than in the wild-type plants. Thus, the expression of ABCG30 and ABCG34 may affect each other. There was no significant change in lignin content and composition in the single-gene knockout mutants of the candidate transporter genes, which suggested that each candidate gene did not solely contribute to lignin synthesis.. |
| 12. |
Yuichiro Hiraoka, Eitaro Fukatsu, Kentaro Mishima, Tomonori Hirao, Kosuke Teshima, Miho Tamura, Miyoko Tsubomura, Taiichi Iki, Manabu Kurita, Makoto Takahashi, Atsushi Watanabe, Potential of genome-wide studies in unrelated plus trees of a coniferous species, cryptomeria japonica (japanese cedar), Frontiers in Plant Science, 10.3389/fpls.2018.01322, 9, 2018.09, A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on more than 30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in unrelated first-generation plus tree genotypes from three populations of Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica D. Don with genomic prediction for traits of growth, wood properties and male fecundity. Among the assessed populations, genetic characteristics including the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic structure differed and these differences are considered to be due to differences in genetic background. Through population-independent GWAS, several significant SNPs found close to the regions associated with each of these traits and shared in common across the populations were identified. The accuracies of genomic predictions were dependent on the traits and populations and reflected the genetic architecture of traits and genetic characteristics. Prediction accuracies using SNPs selected based on GWAS results were similar to those using all SNPs for several combinations of traits and populations. We discussed the application of genome-wide studies for C. japonica improvement.. |
| 13. |
Yuki Fukuda, Tomonori Hirao, Kentaro Mishima, Mineko Ohira, Yuichiro Hiraoka, Makoto Takahashi, Atsushi Watanabe, Transcriptome dynamics of rooting zone and aboveground parts of cuttings during adventitious root formation in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, BMC plant biology, 10.1186/s12870-018-1401-7, 18, 1, 2018.09, Background: Adventitious root formation is an essential physiological process for successful propagation of cuttings in various plant species. Because coniferous species are highly heterozygous, propagation of cuttings is of great practical use in breeding. Although various factors influence adventitious root formation, little is known of the associated regulatory mechanisms. Whereas adventitious roots generally form from the base of cuttings, this process is accompanied by physiological changes in leaves, which supply assimilates and metabolites. Herein, we present microarray analyses of transcriptome dynamics during adventitious root formation in whole cuttings in the coniferous species, Cryptomeria japonica. Results: Temporal patterns of gene expression were determined in the base, the middle, and needles of cuttings at eight time points during adventitious root formation. Global gene expression at the base had diverged from that in the middle by 3-h post-insertion, and changed little in the subsequent 3-days post-insertion, and global gene expression in needles altered characteristically at 3- and 6-weeks post-insertion. In Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of major gene clusters based on hierarchical clustering, the expression profiles of genes related to carbohydrates, plant hormones, and other categories indicated multiple biological changes that were involved in adventitious root formation. Conclusions: The present comprehensive transcriptome analyses indicate major transcriptional turning and contribute to the understanding of the biological processes and molecular factors that influence adventitious root formation in C. japonica.. |
| 14. |
Kentaro Mishima, Tomonori Hirao, Miyoko Tsubomura, Miho Tamura, Manabu Kurita, Mine Nose, So Hanaoka, Makoto Takahashi, Atsushi Watanabe, Identification of novel putative causative genes and genetic marker for male sterility in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don), BMC Genomics, 10.1186/s12864-018-4581-5, 19, 1, 2018.04, Background: Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) is an important tree for Japanese forestry. Male-sterile marker development in Japanese cedar would facilitate selection of male-sterile plus trees, addressing the widespread social problem of pollinosis and facilitating the identification of heterozygotes, which are useful for breeding. Results: This study used next-generation sequencing for single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery in libraries constructed from several organs, including male-sterile and male-fertile strobili. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms obtained were used to construct a high-density linkage map, which enabled identification of a locus on linkage group 9 strongly correlated with male-sterile trait. Expressed sequence tags corresponding to 11 marker loci from 5 isotigs were associated with this locus within 33.4-34.5 cM. These marker loci explained 100% of the phenotypic variation. Several homologs of these sequences are associated with male sterility in rice or Arabidopsis, including a pre-mRNA splicing factor, a DEAD-box protein, a glycosyl hydrolase, and a galactosyltransferase. These proteins are thus candidates for the causal male-sterile gene at the ms-1 locus. After we used a SNaPshot assay to develop markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS), we tested F2 progeny between male-sterile and wild-type plus trees to validate the markers and extrapolated the testing to a larger plus-tree population. We found that two developed from one of the candidates for the causal gene were suitable for MAS. Conclusions: More than half of the ESTs and SNPs we collected were new, enlarging the genomic basis for genetic research on Japanese cedar. We developed two SNP markers aimed at MAS that distinguished individuals carrying the male-sterile trait with 100% accuracy, as well as individuals heterozygous at the male-sterile locus, even outside the mapping population. These markers should enable practical MAS for conifer breeding.. |
| 15. |
Manami Takeuchi, Takahiro Kegasa, Atsushi Watanabe, Miho Tamura, Yuji Tsutsumi, Expression analysis of transporter genes for screening candidate monolignol transporters using Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspensions during tracheary element differentiation, Journal of Plant Research, 10.1007/s10265-017-0979-4, 131, 2, 297-305, 2018.03, The mechanism of monolignol transportation from the cytosol to the apoplast is still unclear despite being an essential step of lignification. Recently, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were suggested to be involved in monolignol transport. However, there are no reliable clues to the transporters of the major lignin monomers coniferyl and synapyl alcohol. In this study, the lignification progress of Arabidopsis cultured cells during tracheary element differentiation was monitored. The expression of selected transporter genes, as well as lignification and cell-wall formation related genes as references, in differentiating cultured cell samples harvested at 2-day intervals was analyzed by real-time PCR and the data were statistically processed. The cell wall formation transcription factor MYB46, programmed-cell death related gene XCP1 and lignin polymerization peroxidase AtPrx25 were classified into the same cluster. Furthermore, the cluster closest to the abovementioned cluster contained the lignin synthesis transcription factor MYB58 and the Arabidopsis ABC transporters ABCG11, ABCG22, ABCG36 and ABCG29. This result suggested that these four ABC transporters may be involved in lignification. In the expression analysis, unexpectedly, the lignification-related genes CAD5 and C4H were not included in the same cluster as MYB58 and AtPrx25. The expression data also suggested that the lignification of tracheary elements in the culture, where lignification ratio finally reached to around 40%, continued after cell death because lignification actively progressed after programmed cell death-related gene started to be expressed.. |
| 16. |
Yuichiro Hiraoka, Ichiro Tamaki, Atsushi Watanabe, The origin of wild populations of Toxicodendron succedaneum on mainland Japan revealed by genetic variation in chloroplast and nuclear DNA, Journal of Plant Research, 10.1007/s10265-017-0992-7, 131, 2, 225-238, 2018.03, Toxicodendron succedaneum: (L.) Kuntze is a tree cultivated for the production of sumac wax, which is extracted from the mesocarp. There are several hypotheses regarding the origin of T. succedaneum on mainland Japan. In this study, the geographical distribution of genetic variation in 13 wild populations on Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Ryukyu Islands, Japan was investigated and compared with that of individuals from continental Asia. Seven chloroplast DNA haplotypes of T. succedaneum were observed in Japan and could be divided into three lineages based on relatedness between haplotypes. One of these lineages was also observed in continental Asia, and the others were genetically distant from the haplotypes that originated on the continent, with one considered to have originated on the Ryukyu Islands, and the other on mainland Japan. The genetic diversity of both chloroplast and nuclear DNA was lower in populations from Ryukyu Islands than in populations from mainland Japan. Bayesian clustering based on nuclear genotypes showed a clear difference between the groups from Ryukyu Islands and mainland Japan. Based on approximate Bayesian computation analysis of polymorphic data for both genomes, it was inferred that wild populations of T. succedaneum on mainland Japan consist of both lineages with natural distribution on mainland Japan and those introduced from Ryukyu Islands and continental Asia.. |
| 17. |
Masakazu G. Iwaizumi, Shousuke Miyata, Tomonori Hirao, Miho Tamura, Atsushi Watanabe, Historical seed use and transfer affects geographic specificity in genetic diversity and structure of old planted Pinus thunbergii populations, Forest Ecology and Management, 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.026, 408, 211-219, 2018.01, Although most molecular ecology studies examining genetic variation have focused on natural forests, for some major tree species, natural forests are nearly extinct, and the remaining genetic resources are mainly planted forests. In order to manage the genetic variability and develop a conservation strategy for such species, it is important to examine genetic variation resulting from historical processes during repeated artificial population development through plantations. The geographic pattern of genetic diversity and structure of 49 old planted Pinus thunbergii populations (2755 trees) distributed across Japan was examined using seven nuclear microsatellite markers. We found that allelic diversity was generally lower in both northern and eastern populations; however, locally, some populations in other regions also exhibited low allelic diversity. The overall value of the standardized measure of population differentiation (G′ST = 0.206) was higher than that of both other widespread Japanese conifers and continental Pinus species. STRUCTURE software revealed a general gradual cline in genetic structure from southwestern to northeastern populations; however, some populations on the Japan Sea side showed quite a different local proportion of cluster memberships from nearby populations. These observations indicated that most of the preserved, planted populations of P. thunbergii possess regional genetic variation, but some populations were developed from seed pools derived from other regions, possibly through distribution by ship along the Japan Sea. Information on this specific genetic variation as a result of historical seed use and transfer should assist the design of several conservation units and breeding zones, while also taking care of a deep-seated need for conservation of pine forests by local people.. |
| 18. |
Yuichiro Hiraoka, Taiichi Iki, Mine Nose, Hiroyuki Tobita, Kenichi Yazaki, Atsushi Watanabe, Yoshitake Fujisawa, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Species characteristics and intraspecific variation in growth and photosynthesis of Cryptomeria japonica under elevated O 3 and CO 2, Tree Physiology, 10.1093/treephys/tpx028, 37, 6, 733-743, 2017.06, In order to predict the effects of future atmospheric conditions on forest productivity, it is necessary to clarify the physiological responses of major forest tree species to high concentrations of ozone (O 3) and carbon dioxide (CO 2). Furthermore, intraspecific variation of these responses should also be examined in order to predict productivity gains through tree improvements in the future. We investigated intraspecific variation in growth and photosynthesis of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, a major silviculture species in Japan, in response to elevated concentrations of O 3 (eO 3) and CO 2 (eCO 2), separately and in combination. Cuttings of C. japonica were grown and exposed to two levels of O 3 (ambient and twice-ambient levels) in combination with two levels of CO 2 (ambient and 550 μmol mol '1 in the daytime) for two growing seasons in a free-air CO 2 enrichment experiment. There was no obvious negative effect of eO 3 on growth or photosynthetic traits of the C. japonica clones, but a positive effect was observed for annual height increments in the first growing season. Dry mass production and the photosynthetic rate increased under eCO 2 conditions, while the maximum carboxylation rate decreased. Significant interaction effects of eO 3 and eCO 2 on growth and photosynthetic traits were not observed. Clonal effects on growth and photosynthetic traits were significant, but the interactions between clones and O 3 and/or CO 2 treatments were not. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between growth traits under ambient conditions and for each treatment were significantly positive, implying that clonal ranking in growth abilities might not be affected by either eO 3 or eCO 2. The knowledge obtained from this study will be helpful for species selection in afforestation programs, to continue and to improve current programs involving this species, and to accurately predict the CO 2 fixation capacity of Japanese forests.. |
| 19. |
Horiba, Hiroki, Nakagawa, Toshinori, Zhu, Qinchang, Ashour, Ahmed, 渡辺敦史, K.Shimizu, Biological Activities of Extracts from Different Parts of Cryptomeria japonica, NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS, 11, 9, 1337-1342, 2016.09. |
| 20. |
佐藤 嘉彦, 武津 英太郎, 平岡 裕一郎, 渡辺 敦史, 高橋 誠, スギ在来品種の成長パターンおよび選抜への遺伝と植栽密度の影響, 日本森林学会誌 , https://doi.org/10.4005/jjfs.98.45, 98, 2, 45-52, 2016.06, We analyzed the effect of genotype and planting density on the growth patterns of height and diameter at breast height (DBH) and the efficiency of indirect early selection targeting on the low planting density using stem analysis data obtained from a test site composed of 6 cultivars and 3 planting densities (5, 000, 3, 000, 1, 500 trees/ha) at stand age 28. The growth pattern of height was mainly affected by genotype, but the effect of planting density was small. The growth pattern of DBH was affected by both genotype and planting density. Our results showed the importance of selection of the genotype of seedlings for the control of growth in plantations of Sugi. The results of genetic evaluation obtained at general planting density (3, 000 trees/ha) could be applied for the prediction of genetic performance of growth traits at different planting densities. Approximately 15 years would be required to obtain 80% of genetic gain at stand age 28 with the plantation of 1, 500 trees/ha according to the test results obtained at the plantation of general planting density (3, 000 trees/ha).. |
| 21. |
The effect of genotype and planting density on the growth patterns and selection of local varieties of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica).
We analyzed the effect of genotype and planting density on the growth patterns of height and diameter at breast height (DBH) and the efficiency of indirect early selection targeting on the low planting density using stem analysis data obtained from a test site composed of 6 cultivars and 3 planting densities (5,000, 3,000, 1,500 trees/ha) at stand age 28. The growth pattern of height was mainly affected by genotype, but the effect of planting density was small. The growth pattern of DBH was affected by both genotype and planting density. Our results showed the importance of selection of the genotype of seedlings for the control of growth in plantations of Sugi. The results of genetic evaluation obtained at general planting density (3,000 trees/ha) could be applied for the prediction of genetic performance of growth traits at different planting densities. Approximately 15 years would be required to obtain 80％ of genetic gain at stand age 28 with the plantation of 1,500 trees/ha according to the test results obtained at the plantation of general planting density (3,000 trees/ha).. |
| 22. |
Application of Terrestrial LiDAR for Forest Tree Breeding: Evaluation of Stem Traits on F1 Progenies of Cryptomeria japonica Plus Trees.
In order to apply terrestrial LiDAR for phenotyping in forest tree breeding, various traits of stem were quantified and evaluated based on a point cloud obtained by ground-based three-dimensional laser measurements on a study site of F1 individuals of Cryptomeria japonica plus trees. The point cloud of each individual stem was approximated by "stem circles", which are horizontal perfect circles arrayed per 10 cm height. Based on the point cloud and the stem circles, both height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of individuals were automatically estimated with high accuracy. The relative stem taper curve equation of the third order was approximated for each individual based on the stem circles. Stem volume of each individual estimated from the taper curve showed high correlation with one estimated from only tree height and DBH. Stem straightness was quantified in the two standardized methods and these methods were evaluated with stem straightness index investigated on the field. The relationships among these estimated traits were examiend using correlation coefficients. Of the ratio of additive genetic variance, the highest was stem straightness, followed in order by tree height, stem volume, DBH, and the coefficients of the relative stem taper curve. The usefulness of the analytical method for phenotyping in forest tree breeding was discussed.. |
| 23. |
Iwazumi, Masakazu G, Aizawa, Mineaki, 渡辺敦史, Goto, Susumu, Highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers reveal detailed patterns of genetic variation in natural populations of Yezo spruce in Hokkaido, JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 10.1007/s10310-014-0477-7, 20, 2, 301-307, 2015.04. |
| 24. |
Thwe-Thwe-Win, Hirao, Tomonori, 渡辺敦史, Goto, Susumu, Current genetic structure of teak (Tectona qrandis) in Myanmar based on newly developed chloroplast single nucleotide polymorphism and nuclear single sequence repeat markers, TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE, 8, 1, 235-256, 2015.03. |
| 25. |
Miyamoto, Naoko, Ono, Masako, 渡辺敦史, Construction of a core collection and evaluation of genetic resources for Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar), JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 10.1007/s10310-014-0460-3, 20, 1, 186-196, 2015.02. |
| 26. |
Nose Mine, 渡辺敦史, Clock genes and diurnal transcriptome dynamics in summer and winter in the gymnosperm Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D.Don), BMC PLANT BIOLOGY, 10.1186/s12870-014-0308-1, 14, 2014.11. |
| 27. |
Uchiyama, Kentaro, Miyamoto, Naoko, Takahashi, Makoto, 渡辺敦史, Tsumura, Yoshihiko, Population genetic structure and the effect of historical human activity on the genetic variability of Cryptomeria japonica core collection, in Japan, TREE GENETICS & GENOMES, 10.1007/s11295-014-0758-5, 10, 5, 1257-1270, 2014.10. |
| 28. |
D. kusumoto, T. Yonemichi, H. Inoue, T. Hirao, A. Watanabe, T. Yamada, Comparison of histological responses and tissue damage expansion between resistant and susceptible Pinus thunbergii infected with pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. , Journal of Forest Research, 19, 285-294, 2014.04. |
| 29. |
S. Hanaoka, CT. Chen, SY. Chen, A. Watanabe, S. Suzuki, K. Kato, Genetic structures ofCalophyllum inophyllum L., a tree employing sea-drift seed dispersal in the northern extreme of its distribution, Annals of Forest Science, 27, 2014.03. |
| 30. |
K. Mishima, T. Fujiwara, T. Iki, K. Kuroda, K. Ymashita, M. Tamura, Y. Fujisawa, A. Watanabe, Transcriptome sequencing and profiling of expressed genes in cambial zone and differentiating xylem of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) , BMC Genomics , 15, 219, 2014.03. |
| 31. |
Uchiyama, Kentaro, Iwata, Hiroyoshi, Moriguchi, Yoshinari, Ujino-Ihara, Tokuko, Ueno, Saneyoshi, Taguchi, Yuriko, Tsubomura, Miyoko, Mishima, Kentaro, Iki, Taiichi, 渡辺敦史, Futamura, Norihiro, Shinohara, Kenji, Tsumura, Yoshihiko, Demonstration of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Identifying Markers for Wood Property and Male Strobili Traits in Cryptomeria japonica, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0079866, 8, 11, e79866, 2013.11. |
| 32. |
Kurita ,M, Konagaya, K, Watanabe Atsushi, Kondo T, Ishii, K, Taniguchi, T, The promoter of an A9 homolog from the conifer Cryptomeria japonica imparts male strobilus-dominant expression in transgenic trees, Plant Cell Report, 328, 2, 319-328, 2013.02. |
| 33. |
Thao, DV, Yamashita, M, Watanabe Atsushi, Susumu Shiraishi, Development of tetranucleotide microsatellite markers in Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon., Conservation Genetics Resources, 5, 2, 405-407, 2013.01. |
| 34. |
Thao, DV, AYPBC. Widyatmoko, Guan, L, Eiji Gotoh, Watanabe Atsushi, Susumu Shiraishi, Isolation and characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for Pinus merkusii, Conservation Genetics Resources, 5, 2, 433-436, 2013.01. |
| 35. |
H. Ozawa, Watanabe Atsushi, Genetic diversity of Pinus densiflora pollen flowing over fragmented populations during a mating season, Journal of Forest Research, 17, 6, 488-498, 2012.12. |
| 36. |
Mishima, K, Hirao, T, Watanabe Atsushi, Takata, K, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai (Cupressaceae), the American Journal of Botany, 99, 8, 317-319, 2012.08. |
| 37. |
Hanakoka, S, Muturi, G,M, Watanabe Atsushi, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Melia volkensii Gurke., Conservation Genetics Resource, 4, 2, 395-398, 2012.06. |
| 38. |
Fukatsu, E, Watanabe Atsushi, Nakada, R, Isoda, K, Hirao, T, Ubukata, M, Koyama, Y, Kodani, J, Saito, M, Miyamoto, N, Takahashi, M, Phylogeographical structure in Zelkova serrata in Japan and phylogeny in the genus Zelkova using the polymorphisms of chloroplast DNA., Conservation Genetics, 13, 1109-1118, 2012.05. |
| 39. |
Moritsuka, E, Hisataka, Y, Tamura, M, Watanabe Atsushi, Tsumura, Y, Hidenori Tachida, Extended linkage disequilibrium in non-coding regions in a conifer, Cryptomeria japonica, Genetics, 190, 3, 1145-1148, 2012.03. |
| 40. |
Kurita, M, Taniguchi, T, Nakada, N, Kondo, T, Watanabe Atsushi, Spatiotemporal gene expression profiles associated with male strobilus development in Cryptomeria japonica by suppression subtractive hybridization, Breeding Science, 61, 2, 174-182, 2011.06. |
| 41. |
Iwaizumi, MG, Watanabe Atsushi, Isoda, K, Development of Highly Polymorphic Nuclear Microsatellite Markers for Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa), Silvae Genetica, 60, 2, 62-65, 2011.05. |
| 42. |
Iwaizumi, M.G, Takahashi, M, Watanabe Atsushi, Ubukata, M, Simulation evaluation of paternal and maternal immigrant gene flow and the implications for the overall genetic composition of Pinus densiflora dispersed seeds, Journal of Heredity, 101, 2, 144-153, 2010.11. |
| 43. |
Hiraoka, Y, Watanabe Atsushi, Development and Characterization of Microsatellites，Clone Identification and Determination of Genetic Relationships among Rhus succedanea L. Individuals, Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultual Science, 79, 2, 141-149, 2010.04. |
| 44. |
Mishima, K, Hirao, T, Watanabe Atsushi, Takata, K, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Robinia pseudoacacia L., Molecular Ecology resources, 9, 3, 850-852, 2009.05. |
| 45. |
Hirao,T, Watanabe Atsushi, Kurita, M, Kondo, T, Takata, K, A frameshift mutation of the chloroplast matK coding region is associated with chlorophyll deficiency in the Cryptomeria japonica virescent mutant Wogon-Sugi, Current Genetic, 55, 3, 311-321, 2009.05. |
| 46. |
Hirao,T, Watanabe Atsushi, Miyamoto, N, Takata, K, Development and characterization of chloroplast microsatellite markers for Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, Molecular Ecology resources, 9, 1, 122-124, 2009.01. |
| 47. |
Iwaizumi, M.G, Watanabe Atsushi, Ubukata, M, Use of different seed tissues for separate bi-parental identification of dispersed seeds in conifers: confirmation and practices for gene flow in Pinus densiflora., Canadian journal of Forest research, 37, 10, 2022-2030, 2007.10. |
| 48. |
Isoda, K, Watanabe Atsushi, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Larix kaempferi, Molecular Ecology note, 6, 3, 664-666, 2006.09. |
| 49. |
Mishima, K, Watanabe Atsushi, Isoda, K, Ubukata, M, Takata, K, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Quercus mongolica var. crispula, Molecular Ecology note, 6, 3, 695-697, 2006.03. |
| 50. |
Watanabe Atsushi, Iwazumi, MG, Ubukata, M, Kondi, T, Lian, C, Hogetsu, T, Isolation of microsatellite markers from Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc using a dual PCR technique, Molecular Ecology note, 6, 1, 80-82, 2006.03. |
| 51. |
Fukatsu, E, Isoda, K, Hirao, T, Tkahashi, M, Watanabe Atsushi, Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat DNA markers for Zelkova serrata, Molecular Ecology note, 5, 2, 378-380, 2005.06. |
| 52. |
Watanabe Atsushi, AYPBC. Widyatmoko, A. Rimbawanto, Susumu Shiraishi, Discrimination of Teak (Tectona grandis L.) plus trees using selected random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 16, 1, 17-24, 2004.01. |
| 53. |
Lee, JH, H. Hahizume, Watanabe Atsushi, T. Fukata, Susumu Shiraishi, F. Yamamoto, RAPD variation among Quercus species distributed in temperate deciduous forests of the the Hiruzen Mountains, Journal of Forest Research, 2, 2, 121-123, 1997.05. |
| 54. |
Goto, S, Watanabe Atsushi, Miyahara, F, Mori, Y, Reproductive success of pollen derived from selected and Non-selected sources and its impact on the performance of crops in a Nematode-Resistant Japanese Black pine seed orchard, Silvae Genetica, 54 (2) : 69-76, 2005. |
| 55. |
Hirao, T, Watanabe Atsushi, Kurita, M, Kondo, T, Takata, K, Complete nucleotide sequence of the Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. chloroplast genome and comparative chloroplast genomics: diversified genomic structure of coniferous species, BMC Plant Biology, 8:70 (total 20pp，internet journal), 2008. |
| 56. |
Ozawa, H, Watanabe, J, Chen, H, Isoda, K, Watanabe Atsushi, The impact of phenological and artificial factors on seed quality in a nematode-resistant Pinus densiflora seed orchard, Silvae Genetica, 58 (4) : 145-152, 2009. |
| 57. |
Hirao, T, Fukatsu E, Watanabe Atsushi, Characterization of resistance and susceptibility to pine wood nematode infection in Pinus thunbergii using suppression subtractive hybridization approach., BMC Plant Biology, 12:13 (total 29pp，internet journal), 2012. |
