| 1. |
Ni-Ni- Win, Mya-Kyawt-Wai, Paul John L. Geraldino, Lawrence M. Liao, Chaw-Thiri P. P. Aye, Ni Ni Mar, Takeaki Hanyuda, Hiroshi Kawai & Mutsunori Tokeshi, Taxonomy and species diversity of the brown algal genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from the Indo-Pacific (particularly South-East Asia) with the descriptions of two new species., European Journal of Phycology, https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2021.1883742, 57, 1, 1-17, 2022.01, Taxonomy, species diversity, and geographical distribution of the marine brown algal genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from tropical South-East Asian waters were investigated through a combination of morphological and molecular analyses. The study presents a new schematic diagram showing a suite of morphological characters including thallus hairline structures that are useful for species delineation in the genus. This study also revealed two new species from Myanmar, P. gracilis sp. nov. and P. lata sp. nov. based on molecular and morphological data. P. gracilis is characterised by a 2-layered thallus, thin hairlines on both surfaces of the thallus at equal distances, non-indusiate reproductive sori distally very close to the hairlines on the inferior surface, and the presence of Vaughaniella stage. P. lata is characterized by a 2–4-layered tiny thallus, broad hairlines located only on the inferior thallus surface, non-indusiate reproductive sori abutting the hairlines on the inferior surface and irregularly spreading on the superior surface, and the presence of Vaughaniella stage. This study also revealed new distributional records for four Padina species: P. okinawaensis from Myanmar and P. fasciata, P. ryukyuana and P. terricolor from the Philippines. These findings point to elevated species diversity in central Indo-Pacific waters. This study confirmed that most of the Padina species in the Pacific regions are showing overlapping distribution across the regions, in contrast to species from the Indian Ocean, which tend to be confined to specific localities.. |
| 2. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Takeaki Hanyuda, Aki Kato, Hiromori Shimabukuro, Masayuki Uchimura, Hiroshi Kawai, Mutsunori Tokeshi, Global Diversity and Geographic Distributions of Padina Species (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): New Insights Based on Molecular and Morphological Analyses, Journal of Phycology, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.13076, 57, 2, 454-472, 2021.04, The taxonomic status and species diversity of the brown algal genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) was assessed based on DNA sequences and the morpho-anatomy of specimens collected worldwide, especially from tropical and subtropical western Pacific regions. Phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast rbcL and mitochondrial cox3 gene sequences demonstrated four distinct clades for newly collected samples with high bootstrap support. Each species clade possesses a suite of morphological features that are not shared by any known species of Padina. These are P. imbricata sp. nov., Padina lutea sp. nov., P. moffittianoides sp. nov., and P. nitida sp. nov. The occurrence of these and other species of Padina clearly points to an elevated diversity of the genus in tropical/subtropical waters of the western Pacific. Phylogenetic analyses provided new insights into biogeographic characteristics of the genus, with many species in the Pacific Ocean showing shared/overlapping distributions, whereas species from the Mediterranean/Atlantic and/or the Indian Ocean tend to be confined to particular regions. Consideration has also been given to the evolutionary time frame of the genus Padina based on molecular time trees: a time tree of the concatenated data set (rbcL + cox3) revealed the estimated divergence time in the mid-Cretaceous, whereas those of cox3 and rbcL showed older estimates pointing to the periods of mid-Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, respectively.. |
| 3. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Takeaki Hanyuda, Aki Kato, Hiroshi Kawai, Two new species of Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from southern Japan, P. ogasawaraensis sp. nov. and P. reniformis sp. nov., based on morphological and molecular markers., Phycologia, DOI: 10.2216/17-25.1, 57, 1, 20-31, 2018.01, Two new bistratose species of the brown algal genus Padina, P. ogasawaraensis sp. nov. and P. reniformis, sp. nov., were discovered from Ogasawara and Okinawa Islands, and Kagoshima, Japan, respectively, and characterised based on a combination of morphological and molecular analyses. Padina ogasawaraensis is characterised by a semicircular or circular yellowish-brown thallus with light to heavy calcification except at the hairlines and presence of hairlines on both surfaces in an alternating sequence. These can be seen as a broad-depressed line with a remnant of a thin red hairline at its center on the inferior surface and as a narrow or sometimes rudimentary line on the superior surface. Indusiate reproductive sori are located distally adjacent to the hairlines on the inferior surface, partially to deeply embedded in the epidermis layer. Padina reniformis is characterised by a semicircular or kidney-shaped greenish brown thallus with light to moderate calcification on both surfaces of the thallus. Hairlines are present only on one (inferior) surface and are narrow, not depressed. Indusiate tetrasporangial sori are arranged in two to three rows between the hairlines on the inferior surface and situated on the thallus surface. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using rbcL and cox3 DNA sequences placed them in distantly related clades. Padina ogasawaraensis showed a sister relationship to P. calcarea; whereas, P. reniformis was sister to P. fasciata.. |
| 4. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Zhong-Min Sun, Takeaki Hanyuda, Akira Kurihara, Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel, Hiroshi Kawai, Four newly recorded species of the calcified marine brown macroalgal genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) for Australia, Australian Systematic Botany, https://doi.org/10.1071/SB13025, 26, 448-465, 2014.03, Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on plastid-encoded rbcL and mitochondrial cox3 gene sequences, in combination with morphological observations, revealed the existence of the following four bistratose Padina species previously unreported from Australian coasts: Padina calcarea Ni-Ni-Win, S.G.A.Draisma, W.F.Prud’homme van Reine & H.Kawai, characterised by its bright yellow–orange inferior thallus surface and chalky white, heavily calcified superior surface, and the presence of hairlines only on the inferior surface; P. macrophylla Ni-Ni-Win, M.Uchimura & H.Kawai, characterised by a moderately calcified thallus with broad, depressed hairlines on the inferior surface and narrow, not depressed hairlines on the superior surface, those hairlines that are largely spaced on each surface;P. moffittiana I.A.Abbott & Huisman, characterised by lightly calcified thalli with narrow, slightly depressed hairlines that are distributed in alternate sequence between the two surfaces at unequal distances, and broad reproductive sori in one or two rows in the fertile zone; and P. okinawaensisNi-Ni-Win, S.Arai,M.Uchimura & H.Kawai, characterised by heavily calcified thalli, except at the hairlines, which form an alternation of uncalcified furrows and calcified glabrous zones on the inferior surface. With the addition of these four species, 13 Padina species are known from Australia.. |
| 5. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Takeaki Hanyuda, Stefano G. A. Draisma, Phaik-Eem Lim, Siew-Moi Phang, Hiroshi Kawai, Taxonomy of the genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) based on morphological and molecular observations, with key to species identification, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya Press, Malaysia, 119-174, 2013.06, Taxonomic study of the brown algal genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) mainly
from Southeast Asian countries, Japan, Hawaii, Australia and Taiwan as well as the Mediterranean Sea was conducted based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast encoded large subunit RuBisCo (rbcL) gene sequences. Detailed descriptions of each species found in this study as well as key to species identifi cation are described. Several morphological characters, such as number of cell layers composing the thallus, presence or absence and degree of calcifi cation, presence or absence of small groups of rhizoid-like hairs, presence or absence of Vaughaniella stage, structure, position and arrangement of hairlines and reproductive sori, reproductive system (monoecism or dioecism), and presence or absence of indusium over/surrounding reproductive sori, are considered to be reliable morphological characters for species delineation. Variation of the presence (female gametophyte) and absence (male gametophyte and tetrasporophyte) of indusium was recognized in P. australis, indicating a necessary of a careful examination on this character. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using rbcL gene sequences revealed that multi-layered species formed monophyletic, whereas 2-layered and 2/4-layered species were paraphyletic. Only a single species with 2/3-layered thallus was included in the molecular analyses.. |
| 6. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Takeaki Hanyuda, Stefano G.A. Draisma, Willem F. Prud'homme van Reine, Eric Verheij, Phaik-Eem Lim, Siew-Moi Phang, Hiroshi Kawai, Morphological and molecular evidence for two new species of Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae), P. sulcata and P. calcarea, from the central Indo-Pacific region, Phycologia, https://doi.org/10.2216/11-94.1, 51, 5, 576-585, 2012.09, Two new species of Padina – 1. Padina sulcata sp. nov. and 2. P. calcarea sp. nov. – from Malaysia, Indonesia and Palau were described based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic observations. Padina sulcata was a three-layered species characterised by a covering of thick fibrous hairs from the base to the middle of the inferior surface (away from the in-rolled margin) of the thallus; conspicuous equally spaced hairlines that alternated between both frond surfaces; and broad, indusiate oogonial and tetrasporangial sori that occupied nearly the entire fertile zones, and the fertile zones were separated by sterile zones of equal width. Padina calcarea was a two-layered species characterised by a bright yellow inferior surface and a thick calcification on the superior surface (facing to the in-rolled margin), which imparted a strikingly whitish color; inconspicuous hairlines were confined to the inferior surface; and indusiate tetrasporangial sori were just above the hairlines and were found only on the inferior surface. Molecular phylogenetic analyses used chloroplast rbcL and mitochondrial cox3 gene sequences and revealed that the two new species each form strongly supported clades that were genetically distant. Padina calcarea formed an isolated clade that made an early divergence; whereas, P. sulcata showed a sister relationship to P. ryukyuana, indicating a more recent divergence. Padina calcarea was very similar to the Hawaiian P. melemele in gross appearance, particularly in the bright orange to yellow color of the inferior thallus surface and the heavy calcification on the superior surface. However, they were distinguished mainly by the position and arrangement of reproductive sori that were found on the inferior surface and located just above the hairlines in P. calcarea but that were found on the superior surface between the hairlines of the opposite surface in P. melemele. Molecular phylogenetic analyses did not reflect the morphological similarity of the two species because they occupied two distantly related clades.. |
| 7. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Takeaki Hanyuda, Stefano G.A. Draisma, Hiroshi Kawai, Padina ditristromatica and P. pavonicoides spp. nov. (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae), two new species from the Mediterranean Sea based on morphological and molecular markers, European Journal of Phycology, 10.1080/09670262.2011.614355, 46, 4, 327-341, 2011.11, A study of the genus Padina in the Mediterranean Sea, based on detailed morphological and molecular analyses using chloroplast rbcL and mitochondrial cox3 gene sequences, as well as RuBisCO spacer and partial rbcS sequences, revealed the presence of two new species, P. ditristromatica Ni-Ni-Win & H. Kawai and P. pavonicoides Ni-Ni-Win & H. Kawai. They are two to three-layered and three-layered species, respectively. Padina ditristromatica is characterized by a thallus composed of two cell layers from the marginal portion to the inrolled margin and a mixture of two and three layers in the other portions; heavy calcification on both surfaces of the thallus except for the hair lines; alternating hair lines that are spaced at unequal distances between the upper and lower surfaces; and broad indusiate oogonial and tetrasporangial sori forming broken lines or patches arranged in a concentric row, which are distally close to the hair lines and half immersed in the epidermis layer only on the lower surface. Padina pavonicoides is characterized by a thallus composed of three cell layers from the base to the marginal portion and two layers at the inrolled margin; alternating hair lines that are spaced at equal distances between the upper and lower surfaces; and indusiate oogonial and tetrasporangial sori forming patches located distal to the hair lines only on the lower surface. All molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that the new species are closely related to P. pavonica, a common species in the Mediterranean Sea. However, the cox3 region could not be amplified for P. ditristromatica. Therefore, the RuBisCO spacer and partial rbcS were analysed for the Mediterranean specimens in order to confirm their identity as well as their closest relationships. The combined rbcL, RuBisCO spacer and partial rbcS data also support their genetic separation and show that P. pavonica is more closely related to P. pavonicoides than P. ditristromatica, as in other molecular analyses.. |
| 8. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Takeaki Hanyuda, Shogo Arai, Masayuki Uchimura, Anchana Prathep, Stefano G.A. Draisma, Siew-Moi Phang, Isabella A. Abott, Alan J.K. Millar, Hiroshi Kawai, A taxonomic study of Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) with the descriptions of four new species from Japan, Hawaii and Andaman Sea, Journal of Phycology, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01054.x, 47, 5, 1193-1207, 2011.10, A taxonomic study of the genus Padina from Japan, Southeast Asia, and Hawaii based on morphology and gene sequence data (rbcL and cox3) resulted in the recognition of four new species, that is, Padina macrophylla and Padina ishigakiensis from Ryukyu Islands, Japan; Padina maroensis from Hawaii; and Padina usoehtunii from Myanmar and Thailand. All species are bistratose and morphologically different from one another as well as from any known taxa by a combination of characters relating to degree of calcification; the structure, position, and arrangement of hairlines (HLs) and reproductive sori; and the presence or absence of rhizoid-like groups of hairs and an indusium. Molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a close relationship between P. ishigakiensis, P. macrophylla, P. maroensis, and Padina australis Hauck. The position of P. usoehtunii, however, was not fully resolved, being either sister to a clade comprising the other three new species and P. australis in the rbcL tree or more closely related to a clade comprising several other recently described species in the cox3 tree. The finding of the four new species demonstrates high species diversity particularly in southern Japan. The following characters were first recognized here to be useful for species delimitation: the presence or absence of small rhizoid-like groups of hairs on the thallus surface, structure and arrangement of HLs on both surfaces either alternate or irregular, and arrangement of the alternating HLs between both surfaces in equal or unequal distance. The evolutionary trajectory of these and six other morphological characters used in species delineation was traced on the phylogenetic tree.. |
| 9. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Takeaki Hanyuda, Shogo Arai, Masayuki Uchimura, Anchana Prathep, Stefano G.A. Draisma, U Soe-Htun, Hiroshi Kawai, Four new species of Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from the Western Pacific Ocean, and reinstatement of Padina japonica, Phycologia, http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/09-54.1, 49, 21, 136-153, 2010.03, Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Padina species collected from the western Pacific Ocean using rbcL and mitochondrial cox3 genes revealed the occurrence of four genetically distinctive clades of unknown Padina species: clade A ( = Padina okinawaensis sp. nov.) from Ryukyu Islands (Japan), Hawaii, Indonesia and Thailand, clade B ( = Padina undulata sp. nov.), clade C ( = Padina terricolor sp. nov.) and clade D ( = Padina fasciata sp. nov.) from Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Morphologically, these new taxa are all bistratose species, and different from any known species in the following morphological features: P. okinawaensis sp. nov., reniform or circular thallus of entire margin with inconspicuous hair lines on the superior surface of the thallus, and reproductive organs (oogonia and tetrasporangia) in small groups or discontinuous sori under thin flakes of calcium on the inferior surface; P. undulata sp. nov., circular or semicircular thallus with undulate margin, conspicuous hair lines on both surfaces of the thallus, oogonial and tetrasporangial sori in continuous or discontinuous lines covered with a persistent indusium, and cylindrical oogonia; P. terricolor sp. nov., grayish brown on the inferior surface of the thallus, and oogonial and tetrasporangial sori in continuous lines covered with a persistent indusium; P. fasciata sp. nov., broad white stripes on both surfaces of the thallus due to unique calcification, and oogonial and tetrasporangial sori in continuous lines, which are entirely embedded in a gelatinous layer, on the inferior surface of the thallus. In addition, the independence of Padina japonica from Padina sanctae-crucis is suggested on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence.. |
| 10. |
Ni-Ni-Win, Takeaki Hanyuda, Shogo Arai, Masayuki Uchimura, Isabella Abbort, Hiroshi Kawai, Three new records of Padina in Japan based on morphological and molecular markers, Phycological Research, 10.1111/j.1440-1835.2008.00510.x, 56, 4, 288-300, 2008.12. |
| 11. |
Daw. Aye-Mon-Sein, Daw. Ni-Ni-Win, U. San-Tha-Htun, U. Soe-Htun, and Masao Ohno, Studies on Porphyra suborbiculata Kjellman (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from Myanmar. I. The Morphology and life history in culture, Bulletin of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Kochi University, Japan, https://ir.kochi-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10126/4388/1/marine22-065.pdf, 22, 65-79, 2003.03. |
| 12. |
U. Soe-Htun, U. San-Tha-Htun, Daw Mu-Mu-Aye, Daw Ni-Ni-Win, Daw Lei-Lei Win, Masao Ohno, Notes on seagrasses along Myanmar Coastal Regions, Bulletin of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Kochi University, Japan, https://ir.kochi-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10126/4380, 21, 13-22, 2001.06, A total of nine species belonging to five genera from two families of seagrasses was collected from the three coastal regions of Myanmar. These are Cymodocea rotundata, C serrulata, Halodule pinifolia, H. uninervis, Syringodium isotoefolium, Enhalus acoroides, Halophila beccarii, H. decipiens and H. ovalis. Due to turbid water by enormous sediment discharge of two greatest rivers, the Ayeyarwady and the Thanlwin, the subtidal vegetation of seagrasses is totally absent in the Ayeyarwady Delta and the Gulf of Mottama (Martaban) Coastal Region. The family Hydrocharitaceae represents the most dominant genera of seagrasses in both the Rakhine and the Tanintharyi Coastal Regions. However, the family Cymodoceaceae occurs mainly in the Rakhine Coastal Region, except for Cymodocea rotundata, which is unique to the Tanintharyi Coastal Region. In addition, the phytogeographic distribution and conservation plans of seagrasses of Myanmar have been briefly described.. |
