記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-52895-7

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.rser.2023.114037

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/app14010410

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100164

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139913

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1057/s41599-024-02659-5

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-51308-z

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103872

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.trd.2023.103981

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101580

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The effects of export goods on CO2 emissions in China were calculated using input-output analysis via the hypothetical extraction method (HEM). The seven largest export partners of China were taken into account for the analysis: the US, Japan, South Korea, Germany, India, the UK and the Netherlands. First, using input-output analysis, the effects of CO2 emissions were allocated between the non-tradable goods, total export goods, exported final goods and exported intermediate goods sectors. Then, using a weighted multipliers approach, efficiency in CO2 emissions was allocated among the sectors. It was found that although non-tradable goods caused the highest CO2 emissions, export goods, especially intermediate goods showed the largest growth in emissions. In addition, export goods contributed more to emissions efficiency. Second, the HEM was implemented to explore which countries had significant effects on both emissions and emissions efficiency. The US was the largest source of CO2 emissions in China in terms of final goods. Nevertheless, the US also increased the role of exported intermediate goods on emissions. It was also an important country in stimulating efficiency in CO2 emissions. Hence, China does not have a chance to decrease its export performance against the countries such as the US, as their demand is the source of efficiency in CO2 emissions. However, it can focus on exported intermediate goods to mitigate emissions, and take the US into account for new policies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107218

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2524

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122173

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Living comfort is an important aspect of human well-being and a critical index of sustainable environments. Many environmental factors are associated with living comfort. Nighttime light (NTL) is remote sensing data that is widely used to reflect development level and economic status, and it also represents the lighting intensity in living environments. However, the relationship between NTL and living comfort is poorly understood. Here, we employ linear regression and a random forest model to investigate the direct impact of NTL on living comfort. Our results show that increased NTL is negatively associated with living comfort, but this relationship may be obscured by other factors, such as infrastructure. According to the nonlinear relationship, when the NTL is approximately 10 nW/cm2∙sr, there is a peak in living comfort. Hence, ensuring a reasonable level of lighting is a key to promoting sustainable development. Our research offers crucial insights that can aid in developing sustainable development policies to enhance livability.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122173

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19631

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Mismatches between workers’ actual and preferred hours of work are ubiquitous and have detrimental effects on well-being. Yet, the full heterogeneity of these effects and the characteristics of the most and least affected subpopulations remain largely unknown. This study collects survey data from 37 countries and estimates the full heterogeneity in the effects using a newly developed method—the sorted partial effect method. Based on the full heterogeneity, we employ classification analyses on the 10%-most and 10%-least affected groups and show that individuals most (vs. least) affected by overemployment are younger, while those most (vs. least) affected by underemployment are older. Age is the most influential factor that distinguishes the most and least affected workers when compared with other individual-level factors such as education level, household income, and the number of children. Country-level differences between the most and least affected groups imply that work hour mismatch is more tolerable for workers in relatively poorer countries than for workers in wealthier countries. These findings underscore age-tailored policy responses for alleviating the negative effects of work hour mismatch and provide insights for understanding the complex economic preferences across countries.

DOI： 10.1007/s11205-023-03193-8

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Although renewable energy (RE) has been developed technologically decades ago, urgent demand of clean electricity is subject to power storage due to intermittency of wind and solar power. This study develops a CGE model including RE generation and RE storage with induced technological change (ITC). Our study further analyzes the environmental and economic impacts of electrification and environmental policies on RE development and RE storage with ITC and the results are as follows: 1) a single carbon tax policy is not an appropriate instrument to pursue both environmental and economic gains against CO2 abatement and energy structural transition. 2) carbon tax with subsidy to RE storage is conducive to clean energy structural shift and economic growth in long term but it imposes slight negative impact on GDP in medium term. Furthermore, it cannot achieve 25% of non-fossil fuel consumption goal by 2030. 3) Single electrification will increase the electricity demand significantly, including both thermal and nonthermal power, thereby cause more carbon emission and GDP loss in short run. While LBD in RE and RE storage sector facilitated by electrification contributes to more GDP gain, carbon mitigation and non-fossil fuel consumption rate in long run compared to carbon tax and subsidy scenarios. 4) Electrification with carbon tax and subsidy to RE storage leads to greater CO2 mitigation and less subsidy to RE storage, better economic performance in CTSE compared to other scenarios, showing vital role of ITC in RE and power storage. 5) Promoting the LBD process is an efficient way to encourage RE development under electrification.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138222

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Hot springs have long been used for medical purposes throughout the world. Recently, the positive effects of hot spa-bathing on circulatory diseases have been reported, while there are few reports on the mental effects of hot spa-bathing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between hot spa-bathing habits and mental health throughout Japan. We conducted a nationwide online survey, including questions on bathing behavior, subjective satisfaction, lifestyle, and illness. The results showed a significant positive correlation between hot spa-bathing habits and multiple subjective satisfaction levels regarding mental health effects. The factor analysis results indicated that hot spa-bathing habits tended to be associated with good mental health, high health consciousness, and disease. Our study revealed that subjective satisfaction was higher among individuals with hot spa-bathing habits, suggesting that the hot spring spa-bathing habit may have a positive influence on mental health.

DOI： 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19631

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Information provision is essential for obtaining the cooperation of the general public for the conservation of unfamiliar ecosystems towards a sustainable (e.g. carbon-neutral and nature-positive) society. The purpose of this study is to identify effective ways of raising public awareness for ecosystem conservation. We explored the interaction between the manner of information provision (i.e. the medium through which and how much information is provided) and the personal attributes (e.g. environmental attitude) of the recipients on their willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation using Japanese alpine plants as the subject. Discrete choice experiments using an online survey were conducted with public citizens aged 20–69 years across Japan, and data from 8457 respondents were analysed. The data analysis was performed in two steps: 1) estimating individual WTP and 2) exploring factors affecting WTP. The results demonstrated that individual WTP was 135,798 ± 82,840 (mean ± standard deviation) JPY per person for a lifetime. The WTP increased when information was provided in the form of short texts and graphics for those proactive about nature conservation, but increased more when video information was provided to those reactive about nature conservation. The study shows that ecosystem conservation groups need to adapt the amount and format of information for target audiences (e.g. Generation Z youth, who are more sustainability-oriented and prefer to accomplish more in less time).

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118175

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have become common missions for humanity all over the world, and there are several works that establish relations between SDGs and subjective wellbeing or generativity along with some determinants of sociodemographic and cognitive factors (see, e.g., Helne, 2021; Steckermeier, 2021; Qiu et al., 2022; Hirose and Kotani, 2022). However, little is known about what types of people or societies will likely achieve SDGs or steadily follow their paths in a single analytical framework. Building upon the previous literature, this research considers that generativity and wellbeing are necessary and salient indicators that people in societies must enhance to achieve SDGs, hypothesizing that people with high levels of autonomy (being independent and resisting social pressure) and inquisitiveness (being adaptable to new social and/or environmental changes) tend to be generative and happy. To empirically examine the hypothesis, we analyze people's generativity and wellbeing as essential elements of SDGs and statistically characterize them in relation to autonomy and inquisitiveness with data drawn from questionnaire surveys and experiments based on 413 residents of the matrilineal island of Palau. We choose Palau as the field of study, because rapid social and environmental changes are presently ongoing as residents move from traditional to modern societies; thus a wider variation of people is expected to be observed compared to that in any field in other nation, even with a small sample size. Two main results are obtained. First, the analysis identifies the importance of inquisitiveness in that people with high levels of inquisitiveness tend to be generative. Second, people's level of wellbeing is high when they are generative, autonomous and inquisitive, demonstrating two influential roles of inquisitiveness on happiness, namely, direct and indirect determinants through the mediator of generativity. Overall, the results suggest that autonomy and inquisitiveness contribute to people's generativity and wellbeing even in tradition-oriented societies, such as Palau, and their enhancements are considered specific paths for materializing SDGs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2023.06.001

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This is the first study utilizing carbon tax revenue to the renewable energy generation with Learning-by-doing (LBD) in the CGE model. This investigation demonstrates how induced technologically change (ITC) in the power sector offsets negative impacts on economic growth caused by the carbon tax in China. Business-as-usual scenario (without carbon tax) shows a significant impact of LBD on GDP growth and CO2 emission reduction. Under a policy scenario with carbon tax, the results show that the negative impact on economic growth can be alleviated to less than 0.12%. If total carbon tax revenue was used for the subsidy to wind and solar power, even a positive impact on GDP growth will occur in the long-term. Therefore, the results verified and demonstrated the synergic effect of carbon pricing and the LBD process that economic loss caused by carbon tax could be offset by ITC in the renewable energy power sector. GDP decomposition shows that unexpensive electricity affected by ITC is beneficial to drive development of low-carbon energy, which can mitigate shock of carbon tax on heavy dependence on fossil fuel. This paper also provides policy implications that the LBD process will positively play a key role in energy structural shift under climate policy, making a great effort to climate mitigation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113441

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118175

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138222

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03193-8

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.06.001

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

To What Extent Will Space Debris Impact the Economy?
With the expansion of the space industry, debris congestion has become a serious problem. When space debris collides with satellites in orbit, it may damage the satellites or, in the worst case, cause an explosion. While economic activity influences debris congestion, debris can also influence the economy. To what extent does debris affect the economy? Furthermore, what would be the optimal path of debris emission considering the economy and space environment? This study aims to quantify the severity of the problem. We simulate the damage caused by the environmental problem of orbital debris using a standard economic growth model in macroeconomics, augmented with a satellite sector and collision possibility. In the model, launching satellites means two things: more factors of production and more orbital objects. A newly launched satellite provides satellite services to the economy and increases production capacity. At the same time, by being placed in orbit, a satellite increases the risk of collisions. Our results show that debris will cause negative damage of approximately 1.95% of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the long term if no debris is remediated at all.

DOI： 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101580

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.004

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Inclusive wealth footprint for cities in Japan: regional clusters for sustainable development
Cities play a crucial role in regional sustainable development through trade linkages with surrounding economies. This study extends the inclusive wealth (IW) conceptual framework for footprint analysis, offering a comprehensive production–consumption perspective to measure regional sustainability. We empirically analyse the IW footprint for 1880 municipal-level economies in Japan by using their territorial IW accounting. We measure sustainability in the hierarchical value chains across cities and prefectures. Our findings suggest the unsustainability of production and consumption across cities in Japan, as the biased wealth clustering in cross-prefecture value chains led to wealth inequality. Additionally, we observe the distorted natural and human capital utilization characterized as the general depreciation of natural capital and shortage of human capital, which arise by the value chain participation. Our results underscore the importance of capital management and regulation in value chains. Sustainable development policy interventions must focus on optimizing inclusive capital asset management to maintain a non-declining level of wealth. This research unveils the intricate relationship between cities and their surroundings, providing valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance regional sustainability.

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-023-01367-4

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

For Japan to achieve its targets for carbon neutrality and reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, decarbonization of road transport is essential. Japan regards next-generation vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and fuel cell vehicles, as a key means of reducing carbon emissions from road transport. Four scenarios were proposed to predict the potential carbon emissions reduction of passenger car use in 2030: baseline, business-as-usual, government's target-based, and aggressive scenarios. Economic input–output life cycle assessment was used to evaluate potential CO2 emissions, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, and photochemical oxidation associated with passenger cars. In this study, all environmental impacts were calculated using the multi-regional environmentally extended supply and use/input–output database by applying the CML 2001 impact assessment method. The findings indicate that PHEVs have the lowest CO2 emissions per km traveled, followed by HEVs and BEVs. The prediction for carbon emissions from passenger cars shows that adopting electrified vehicles, such as HEVs, PHEVs, and BEVs could help decarbonize the passenger car sector. The population of vehicles, vehicle manufacturing, well-to-wheel cycle of fuel, and fuel economy will significantly contribute to CO2 emissions. Finally, this study recommends policies to steer Japan into achieving its goal of carbon neutrality.

DOI： 10.1016/j.iatssr.2023.02.004

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-023-01367-4

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A major issue regarding biodiversity offset schemes is uncertainty about conservation and its costs. Although the demand for market expansions for biodiversity banking has increased in the past few decades, they may increase the degree of uncertainty regarding the completion of offsets. Therefore, stipulating the rights and responsibilities of stakeholders about the implementation of offsets is important. However, researchers have overlooked the behavioral aspects of market participants regarding responsibility and uncertainty. This study experimentally investigates the effect of uncertainty and market structure change on credit trading behavior in biodiversity banking. First, we verify that uncertainty regarding additional conservation costs provides significant disincentives for bankers to engage in trading when they are directly responsible for the costs, leading to the over-reduction of transactions. Since developers share the payment for the additional costs through the increase in credit prices, it is important to determine the way of sharing the responsibility for the costs between market participants and the public/society. Second, the provision of insurance to alleviate the uncertainty for bankers may not influence efficiency. Therefore, it may be reasonable for the public sector to incorporate insurance schemes into biodiversity banking programs. Third, increases in the number of bankers and developers improve efficiency, and this lowers the possibility of over-reduction of transactions. Therefore, when market expansions increase degrees of uncertainty, responsibility sharing schemes should be linked and revised according to the expansions.

DOI： 10.1007/s10668-023-03560-y

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100817

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in work and lifestyle, impacting occupational mental health. This study examines the time and individual heterogeneity in the pandemic's effects on occupational mental health using panel data from job stress checks spanning 2018 to 2021. On average, there was an initial alleviation of high-stress risk in 2020, followed by a deterioration in 2021. Based on the job demand-resource theory, we identify the group of employees most affected by the pandemic. The findings highlight that employees in unfavorable workplace conditions are more likely to experience substantial adverse impacts. Adequate workplace support, including factors like interpersonal relationships, managerial support, job meaning, control, and work-life balance, is crucial for mitigating high-stress risk. Additionally, during the early phase of the pandemic, engaged employees experienced a slight decline in occupational mental health, while those lacking job resources at their worksite faced higher levels of occupational stress in the subsequent year. These findings offer practical suggestions for person-centered coping strategies to mitigate the pandemic's adverse impact.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-36493-7

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Rapid population and economic growth in Africa are raising concerns over the sustainability of its economic development. Current research has assessed the sustainability of African development at the national level but has neglected subnational sustainability disparities driven by evidence of inequalities in investment rates and resource exploitation within various countries. Thus, this study uses the inclusive wealth (IW) accounting framework to assess the sustainability performance of 716 subnational African provinces. This framework consists of valuing the components of IW per capita (IWpc), namely, natural, manufactured, and human capital, between 2012 and 2018. Estimates reveal that provincial IWpc in this period grew by 1% per year on average. This growth is embodied by investment in human and produced capital, which offsets natural capital depletion. Although half of the provinces studied experience synergies between income and wealth growth, there are tradeoffs between these variables, indicating challenges in joining short- and long-term development. These tradeoffs are caused by inabilities to associate income and natural capital growth. Furthermore, although spatial inequalities in wealth levels, variations, and compositions are strongly defined by national boundaries, they are partially defined by the locations of capital cities within countries. Overall, the results show the potential for planning subnational need-based interventions to create sustainable development, the benefits of which extend nationally.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100817

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-023-00361-z

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10894-023-00361-z

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Although the consideration of financial materiality is important for securing shareholders' interests, the degree of financial materiality that is considered for existing sustainability ratings is still questionable. In this study, we hand-mapped the financial materiality of environmental information based on Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) industry-specific accounting metrics to reassess environmental performance. Based on the SASB-based environmental score, we tested whether investors price environmental risk. The results show significant pricing anomalies related to environmental risk. Companies with lower SASB-based environmental scores experience higher environmental risk. Additionally, a premium in the cross-section of stock returns compensates for this risk. Our findings suggest that integrating financial materiality based on the SASB could be an effective way to capture corporate environmental risk.

DOI： 10.1002/csr.2524

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Improved economic growth and environmental protection are necessary to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines the relationship between people’s education levels and sustainable lifestyles in protecting the environment and economic growth, as expressed by the increase in household equivalent income. We conducted an original cross-sectional survey, which yielded 100,956 valid observations in 37 countries. The factors included educational level, sustainable lifestyle with natural resource consumption, and household equivalent income for economic development. We used logit and ordered logit model and applied an ordinary linear regression model after confirming the association between education and income. Our analyses found that higher educational levels were associated with an increase in specific environmentally friendly behaviors and sustainable energy consumption. Individuals in the higher educational level group tended to consume recycled goods, purchase energy-saving household products, conserve electricity, and separate their waste. Additionally, higher levels of education were positively associated with equivalent household income in all 37 countries, indicating better economic development. Thus, our study underscores the importance of improving education at the broad population level to promote economic development and establish cooperative human behaviors necessary to sustain the environment.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-35173-w

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

The relationships among human well-being, income, and age have long been debated. The association between human well-being and income is believed to be U-shaped, although the reasons remain elusive. A recent study shows a turning point in the link between human well-being and income; that is, increased income does not always improve well-being. However, the mechanisms of the effects of income and age on human well-being are unknown. Here, we illustrate the total cumulative effects of income and age on evaluated well-being through all observed causal pathways based on a 1.6-million-observation global dataset and the structural causal model. This is the first study to investigate those casual relationships globally. We find that an increase in age always reduces evaluated well-being, and the adverse effects are aggravated with age. Furthermore, increased income continuously improves human well-being, but the impacts gradually become marginal with higher income. Our results demonstrate that physical health improvement in older people is the most effective way to intervene against the harmful effects of age on well-being. Moreover, increased income may dramatically enhance the well-being of people living close to the poverty line.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-33235-7

記述言語：その他  

Earth’s biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social and economic inequalities, and habitat loss, many of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, and society and develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C and effectively conserving and restoring functional ecosystems on 30 to 50% of land, freshwater, and ocean “scapes.” We envision a mosaic of interconnected protected and shared spaces, including intensively used spaces, to strengthen self-sustaining biodiversity, the capacity of people and nature to adapt to and mitigate climate change, and nature’s contributions to people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, and planetary health for a livable future urgently requires bold implementation of transformative policy interventions through interconnected institutions, governance, and social systems from local to global levels.

DOI： 10.1126/science.abl4881

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.007

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01628-8

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.01.016

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106803

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103371

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15484-3

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.008

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.026

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.025

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We illuminate the causal relationship between high-speed railway (HSR) expansions and economic develop-ment, focusing on HSR in Japan-the Shinkansen-from 1983 to 2020. To address endogeneity concerns about HSR station construction, we employ a market access approach that captures both the direct and indirect impacts of HSR expansion. The results show that a 1% increase in HSR market access increases the land price by 0.176%, total income (hereafter, income) by 0.425%, and income per capita by 0.023% of Japan. However, most of the benefits are focused in Tokyo and other developed areas, while the economic growth due to HSR expansion of cities outside these areas is negative or statistically insignificant. We confirm the robustness of the results through the instrumental variable (IV) approach and a series of robustness checks. Next, we conduct counterfactual analyses using regression results to evaluate future Japanese HSR plans: the Linear Shinkansen, regional expansion, and a policy that would implement both. Simulation results reconfirm that future HSR plans will induce economic growth but, at the same time, aggravate regional disparity; thus, the expected economic outcomes may be double-edged.

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-35173-w.

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Digitalization and sustainability represent two global mainstreams, which affect many dimensions of economic activity and daily life. However, their interaction remains still underexploited with different synergies and tradeoffs between these goals. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) entitled “Digital technology and energy sustainability: impacts and policy needs” presents recent research on the nexus between digital technology and energy sustainability. This editorial introduces seven recent studies on a variety of topics, presenting core materials and guidance in the related domains. The findings indicate that scope, topic, measurement, method, and data might be in contrast or even in contradiction to previous studies. Although the black box of the complex nexus between digital technology and energy sustainability is still not fully uncovered, the findings indicate that the spatial factor and technology-induced rebound effect are most likely the underlying mechanisms. Additional future research directions for exploring the digitalization–sustainability interaction are discussed in this VSI.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106803

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study examines how the rise in energy prices following the Russian invasion of Ukraine (which began on February 24, 2022) has spread to other sectors using the monthly input–output model (56 sectors in 44 countries). The estimated results demonstrate that if prices increase by 20% exclusively in Russia's mining and quarrying (M&Q) sector, there will be almost no global effect. However, if prices increase by 20% in every M&Q sector around the world, global prices (the weighted average across all sectors) will rise by 3.15%, damaging 6.83% of monthly GDP at the pre-invasion level as a surplus loss ($551,080 million per month). Because oil prices rose for almost five months from February 28 to August 3, 2022, the world suffered five times this damage, or 2.85% of annual GDP ($2.7 trillion). This scenario is roughly equivalent to a price change of 5 times in the Russian M&Q sector alone.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.025

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Based on a unique and extensive dataset of top executives, this study explores the effect of top executives’ attributes on firm performance through strategic choices for capital structure and investments. The big five personalities and top executives’ other four essential personal attributes are identified from over 970,000 observations in Japanese firms. We applied structural equational modeling to test the hypothesized mediation models and the differences across large, medium, and small-sized firms. The results show that top executives in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) present stronger linkages with strategic choices, significantly mediating the relationship between top executives’ attributes and firm performance. Specifically, top executives with higher conscientiousness, decisiveness, and financial prudence tend to choose conservative strategies, while those with higher neuroticism, openness, and agreeableness tend to adopt risky and innovative strategies. In contrast, top executives’ attributes can hardly predict firm strategies and outcomes for large firms, and neither fails to predict firm outcomes in SMEs given the inconsistent mediation.

DOI： 10.1057/s41599-023-01628-8

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of green finance and environmental degradation on sustainable development in developing countries. We use a panel dataset for 42 developing countries for the 2000–2020 period employing the panel fixed effect estimation. Adjusted net savings are used to measure sustainable development, green credit, green securities, and green investments are applied as proxies for green finance, and carbon (CO2) emissions are used to indicate environmental degradation. The analysis reveals that green finance has a positive and significant impact, whereas environmental degradation exerts a negative and significant impact on sustainable development in developing countries. Further, we find the same outcomes by employing the system-generalized method of moments estimation, confirming the robustness of our results. Our study has implications for regulators and policymakers seeking to achieve sustainable development in developing countries. Our findings will be useful for designing policies related to green financing and investment in developing nations.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103371

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper constructs the economic model to consider the economy in cities from the waste management perspective. Specifically, we analyze the link between migration, natural capital, and waste management by applying the new economic geography model. We show the results; the population distribution pattern in the long run varies depending on the congestion effect of natural capital and waste management's technological level. In particular, a full agglomeration equilibrium realizes in the long run for higher technological levels of waste management (lower congestion effects), an interior asymmetric equilibrium does for intermediate technological levels (intermediate congestion effects), and the symmetric dispersion equilibrium realizes for the lower technological levels (higher congestion effects).

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.026

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The disciplines of environmental and resource economics have been developed over decades as a substantial specialisation of economic theory and application. Environmental economics evaluates environmental goods while resource economics analyses scarce resource allocation. Given that climate change, biodiversity loss, water crisis and other aspects of environmental change are clearly evident to society, it is only natural that economists should also focus on economic sustainability. Therefore, nowadays environmental economics has become a more integrated sustainability science with a focus on resources and resource productivity and the part it plays in the circular economy. In this paper then, we consider recent developments of stock measures of capital, where investment plays a key role. Then, we introduce this special issue development and how policy and investments interact with the environment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.008

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) poses special challenges for societies, as the disease causes millions of deaths. Although the direct prevention measures affect the prevalence and mortality the most, the other indirect factors, including natural environments and economics, could not be neglected. Evaluating the effect of natural land cover on COVID-19 health outcomes is an urgent and crucial public health topic.

Methods

Here, we examine the relationships between natural land cover and the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 in the United States. To probe the effects of long-term living with natural land cover, we extract county-level land cover data from 2001 to 2019. Based on statistically spatial tests, we employ the Spatial Simultaneous Autoregressive (SAC) Model to estimate natural land cover’s impact and monetary values on COVID-19 health outcomes. To examine the short-term effects of natural environments, we build a seasonal panel data set about the greenery index and COVID-19 health outcomes. The panel SAC model is used to detect the relationship between the greenery index and seasonal COVID-19 health outcomes.

Results

A 1% increase in open water or deciduous forest is associated with a 0.004-death and 0.163-conformed-case, or 0.006-death and 0.099-confirmed-case decrease in every 1,000 people. Converting them into monetary value, for the mortality, a 1% increase in open water, deciduous forest, or evergreen forest in a county is equivalent to a 212-, 313-, or 219-USD increase in household income in the long term. Moreover, for the prevalence, a 1% change in open water, deciduous forest, or mixed forest is worth a 382-, 230-, or 650-USD increase in household income. Furthermore, a rational development intensity is also critical to reduce the risk of the COVID-19 pandemic. More greenery in the short term is also linked to lower prevalence and mortality.

Conclusions

Our study underscores the importance of incorporating natural land cover as a means of mitigating the risks and negative consequences of future pandemics like COVID-19 and promoting overall public health.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-023-15484-3

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The motivation of this paper stems from the growing concern of heavy pesticide use in developing countries such as Sri Lanka. Its excessive use affects the environment, the economy and farmers’ health and yet farmers still seem unaware of its ill-effects. More worrying is the lack of appropriate government efforts to address this problem. If neglected, heavy use of pesticide eventually renders land useless, reduces future farm output and productivity and can severely affect farmers’ health. This paper investigates pesticide use in agriculture and its impact on farm level technical efficiency using a metafrontier framework with stochastic frontier analysis. Data are collected through surveys of two groups of farmers in Sri Lanka. The first (described as the ‘non-hospitalized farmers’) are farmers who perceive that their ill-health is due to exposure to pesticides and obtained treatment but are not hospitalized. The second group (described as the ‘hospitalized farmers’) are farmers whose ill-health has been diagnosed by doctors and have been treated in hospital for exposure to pesticides. The results show that farmers overuse pesticides because of higher expectations of future returns which has led to an increase in inefficiency and remains unknown to the farmers. Determinants of inefficiency supports the argument that pesticide induced health problems reduce the health capital, while increasing farm level inefficiency.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.007

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043154

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00636-4

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2023.1130622

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3389/frsus.2023.1130622

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Inclusive green growth (IGG) is a new way to achieve sustainable development through the realization of economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. Empirical research about measuring IGG and exploring its driving factors is scarce. Based on panel data from 26 OECD countries over the period 1990–2012, this study aims to examine the impacts of stringent environmental and employment regulations on countries’ competitiveness, represented by the IGG index. Therefore, we adopt the slacks-based measure model with directional distance function (SBM-DDF) and the global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index (GMLPI) to calculate an IGG index, and a dynamic panel data regression analysis to establish the impacts of different regulatory policies on IGG. The improvement in the IGG and its components is modest over the period and there is room for improvement. The regression results show that the environmental policy stringency, the employment protection legislation, and their interaction are beneficial to the promotion of IGG. Some implications for the OECD countries are provided.

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-023-00362-4

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Recently, concerns about ecosystem loss and the threat of disasters have emerged. Understanding people’s perception of the ecosystem’s value will lead to disaster adaptation through ecosystem conservation. We incorporated use and disaster attributes into a contingent valuation study to investigate Japanese peoples’ perceptions of the value of various ecosystems. We construct a concept representing ecosystems’ perceived disaster prevention and mitigation functions by investigating the effects of use status and disaster concerns on people’s preferences. Results revealed that almost all of the ecosystem’s disaster prevention and mitigation functions are not perceived by people. In some cases, people mistakenly avoid ecosystems that protect people from disasters. In conclusion, this concept and its findings facilitate an understanding of people’s perceptions of disaster prevention mitigation functions of ecosystems and promote the concrete practice of conserving ecosystems.

DOI： 10.3390/su15043154

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Whether perceived importance can be used as a weighting factor for the aggregation of domain satisfaction is an important issue in the literature on subjective well-being (SWB) measures with multidimensional domains. This paper extends the weighting approach proposed by Benjamin et al. (Am Econ Rev 104:2698–2735, 2014) and uses it to weight domain satisfaction. The weights estimated by this approach can be interpreted as marginal utility, and the weighted average of the domain satisfaction of each individual can be interpreted as the individual’s utility. Using a data set collected from a 2015 survey that we conducted with residents of all Japanese prefectures, we show that this weighted average improves the goodness of fit for overall SWB measures compared with the unweighted averages of domain satisfaction. This finding supports incorporating perceived importance measures into SWB measures. Moreover, we show that, although there are differences in perceived importance among some domains that are less relevant to specific sub-populations, such as work for people above 65 years or relations with family for those who live alone, the relative importance of most domains is similar across the different categories of gender, household income, age, and household composition. Allowing for heterogeneity in the importance weights across these demographic groups provides only negligible improvements to the validity of the domain importance. The approach suggested in this paper can be considered a resident-oriented approach in the sense that the weights are derived from the perceived importance of residents themselves and are thus expected to contribute to resident-oriented policymaking.

DOI： 10.1007/s10902-023-00636-4

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Japan is a highly urbanized and severely aging society. In an aging society, chronic disease and disability are prevalent, and the population is sensitive to environmental issues and climate change. To identify the effects of population changes, formulate population and public health policies, and assist environmental projects, a high-resolution and accurate gridded population dataset is highly desirable. To provide basic data for research in these areas, we created an open access annual dataset from 2001 to 2020 containing the total, male, and female population counts in each grid at a resolution of 500 m. A random forest method was employed to fill the gaps in Japan’s nationwide census data collected in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The yearly population dataset was based on the 4^th-level mesh data from the Statistics Bureau of Japan to make it easy to use. The dataset is provided here along with descriptions of the data and methods used in the fitting, cross-validation, and prediction processes.

DOI： 10.1038/s41597-023-01989-4

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-14980-w

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28540-0

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28368-8

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01502-7

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116612

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2362

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000148

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

The statement of sustainability in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) framework needs to be supplemented by a formal proof that intergenerational well-being also improves. This is the first study that aims to provide empirical evidence that links the progress of the SDGs and the changes in well-being, which are proxied by the SDG Index and the Inclusive Wealth (IW) Index, respectively. We propose an SDGs-wealth model which was analyzed using a machine learning method involving a balanced panel of 147 countries for 2000–2019. We find a strong correlation between wealth and the SDGs, with Goals 12, 13, and 7 being the most significant predictors of wealth. In contrast to Goals 12 and 13, we find a positive correlation between Goal 7 and the per capita IW Index, suggesting that promoting affordable and clean energy is beneficial for wealth accumulation. Quite the opposite, fostering responsible consumption and production and climate actions might be detrimental to wealth. We also find an alarming result for 50 countries in our study since they have deviated from the sustainable development trajectories either in the short or long run. Our study suggests that to achieve sustainable development, instead of focusing on the complex interactions among the SDGs, policymakers should put a stronger focus on improving IW.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-28540-0

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

This paper investigates the role of social capital (SC) in subjective quality of life to address the limitations of existing observable indicators as evidence for public policy. We use a large-scale survey of 100,956 respondents across 37 countries, including both developed and less developed countries. The empirical results suggest that higher SC is more strongly associated with better subjective health and higher satisfaction in low-income countries than in high-income countries. Moreover, while low-income countries show a lower level of perceived economic inequality at the community level with higher SC, high-income countries present a higher level. We further find that higher levels of educational attainment increase the perception of economic inequality and that this impact decreases with SC. Enhancing SC may lead to improved quality of life in most low-income countries, and lifestyle and cultural factors also play a crucial role. These findings indicate that noneconomic factors underpin better lives, and further research is needed to address the social aspects of life.

DOI： 10.1057/s41599-023-01502-7

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Capital assets provide a wide variety of benefits and services to current and future generations. If intergenerational well-being is governed by capital assets, then they should not decline. This is the simple intuition behind nondeclining capital assets as an indicator of sustainability. We review recent developments in the wealth-accounting literature, with a particular focus on global natural capital. Aiming toward climate and biodiversity targets in economies constrained by carbon budgets and planetary boundaries, the wealth index needs to be updated to reflect global scarcities. Inclusive wealth of United Nations and the Dasgupta Review’s focus on the conceptual tools of impact inequality, as well as the safe operating space approach, might give us some toolkits to make these changes. Other challenges include spatial and global aggregation and the upscaling of micro to macro. This also calls for utilizing the wealth index for cost-effectiveness, as well as cost-benefit, analysis. Looking at another focus of the inclusive wealth and Dasgupta Review, we touch on the effect of population change on per capita wealth and measurements of well-being in the context of an ever more densely populated planet. Finally, we also discuss that more empirical research is expected to revise approaches to the comprehensive net national product, as well as to wealth accounting.

DOI： 10.1561/101.00000148

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study conducted randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental education class and the impacts of nudges and boosts implemented in this program on high school students' basic knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding environmental issues in Japan. This environmental education class consisted of a lecture on reducing the use of plastic products for energy conservation in daily life, a board game for learning how to reduce plastic waste, and a worksheet for reflection. Four types of worksheets were randomly distributed: nudges, in which students were asked to set a goal regarding their level of effort in not throwing away plastic products such as plastic bags, wet wipes, and plastic bottles; boosts, in which participants were asked to write an essay to help increase their empathy for the parties impacted by environmental issues; both nudges and boosts; and none (neither nudges nor boosts). After environmental education, an end-line survey was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this class. This study found that the environmental education class significantly improved students' basic environmental knowledge and promoted their concerns about plastic waste. Although there was no evidence that nudges and boosts amplify the effects of the environmental education class on the students' knowledge, nudges were successful in making them more concerned about plastic waste. The results showed that students who received nudges or boosts were more likely to refuse free wet wipes offered at convenience stores but were not more likely to refuse plastic bottles. These results also indicated that interventions through environmental education can change students' pro-environmental behaviors only if the cost of behavioral change is low. The environmental education class not only increased students’ environmental knowledge and attitudes, but the use of worksheets in administering nudges and boosts ensured the effectiveness of environmental education.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116612

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Since energy consumption became an important contributor to climate change owing to carbon emissions, energy-saving behavior and expenditure at the household level have been attracting scholars’ and policymakers’ attention. This study identified whether greenhouse gas emissions at the household level can be reduced through purchase of energy-saving goods and whether the energy-saving behavior enhanced with household income increase. We conducted a large-scale survey across 37 nations using internet-based and face-to-face approaches, collecting 100,956 observations. The wealth effect on energy consumption expenditure at the household level was found to be positive across countries, confirming that energy consumption increases with household wealth improvement. Furthermore, households show a positive association between household energy expenditure and life satisfaction in 27 out of 37 countries, including China, India, the United States, and Germany. Additionally, the favorable effects of household energy-saving behavior are confirmed. However, purchase of household energy-saving products has a limited effect on energy consumption expenditure, compared with that of energy-curtailment behavior. In conclusion, achieving a carbon–neutral household by reducing energy consumption expenditure at the household level is challenging; thus, along with the use of energy-saving goods, alternative energy sources, such as renewable energies, are recommended.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-28368-8

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Background

The Japanese government has restricted people’s going-out behavior by declaring a non-punitive state of emergency several times under COVID-19. This study aims to analyze how multiple policy interventions that impose non-legally binding restrictions on behavior associate with people’s going-out.

Theory

This study models the stigma model of self-restraint behavior under the pandemic with habituation effects. The theoretical result indicates that the state of emergency’s self-restraint effects weaken with the number of times.

Methods

The empirical analysis examines the impact of emergency declarations on going-out behavior using a prefecture-level daily panel dataset. The dataset includes Google’s going-out behavior data, the Japanese government’s policy interventions based on emergency declarations, and covariates that affect going-out behavior, such as weather and holidays.

Results

First, for multiple emergency declarations from the beginning of the pandemic to 2021, the negative association between emergency declarations and mobility was confirmed in a model that did not distinguish the number of emergency declarations. Second, in the model that considers the number of declarations, the negative association was found to decrease with the number of declarations.

Conclusion

These empirical analyses are consistent with the results of theoretical analyses, which show that the negative association between people’s going-out behavior and emergency declarations decreases in magnitude as the number of declarations increases.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-023-14980-w

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Background

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) engagement is expected to benefit corporations in terms of their efficiency and sustainability. The transformative change in management practices would not only provide support for employees but also bring about additional workload, which may affect employee psychological well-being. However, the examination of the relationship between corporate ESG activities and occupational stress is scarce; hence, this study aims to fill this knowledge gap.

Methods

In total, 110,351 observations were collected from 41,998 employees regarding occupational stress to reflect employee psychological well-being. The data were derived from 11 corporations in Japan from 2017 to 2019. Data on ESG activities were collected from the MSCI ESG database from 2015 to 2017. The effect of 1-year lagged corporate ESG activities on employee psychological well-being was investigated using a lagged variable linear regression model.

Results

Positive and negative relationships were found between corporate environmental activities and occupational stress. Activities that reduce water stress during operation and adopt clean technology were found to benefit employees’ psychological well-being. On the contrary, the program for reducing toxic emissions and waste lowered employees’ occupational stress levels significantly. Regarding corporate social activities, the improvement of job satisfaction or work-life balance was associated with occupational stress. However, corporate governance activities were found to have unfavorable effects on employees’ psychological well-being.

Conclusion

The effects of corporate ESG activities on employees’ psychological well-being are found. The managerial implications suggest that caring for employees’ occupational stress during the implementation of environmental activities is necessary, and the adoption of social activities could enhance employees’ psychological well-being. Notably, corporate governance activities are a stressor for employees; top management teams should pay attention to it.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-021-12350-y

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112560

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106609

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2022.08.018

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Understanding and promoting subjective wellbeing (SWB) has been the topic of increasing research, due in part to its potential contributions to health and productivity. To date, the conceptualization of SWB has been grounded within social psychology and largely focused on self-report measures. In this paper, we explore the potentially complementary tools and theoretical perspectives offered by computational neuroscience, with a focus on the active inference (AI) framework. This framework is motivated by the fact that the brain does not have direct access to the world; to select actions, it must instead infer the most likely external causes of the sensory input it receives from both the body and the external world. Because sensory input is always consistent with multiple interpretations, the brain’s internal model must use background knowledge, in the form of prior expectations, to make a “best guess” about the situation it is in and how it will change by taking one action or another. This best guess arises by minimizing an error signal representing the deviation between predicted and observed sensations given a chosen action—quantified mathematically by a variable called free energy (FE). Crucially, recent proposals have illustrated how emotional experience may emerge within AI as a natural consequence of the brain keeping track of the success of its model in selecting actions to minimize FE. In this paper, we draw on the concepts and mathematics in AI to highlight how different computational strategies can be used to minimize FE—some more successfully than others. This affords a characterization of how diverse individuals may adopt unique strategies for achieving high SWB. It also highlights novel ways in which SWB could be effectively improved. These considerations lead us to propose a novel computational framework for understanding SWB. We highlight several parameters in these models that could explain individual and cultural differences in SWB, and how they might inspire novel interventions. We conclude by proposing a line of future empirical research based on computational modelling that could complement current approaches to the study of wellbeing and its improvement.

DOI： 10.5502/ijw.v12i4.2659

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114028

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.econmod.2022.106010

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Hydrogen is a low or zero-carbon energy source that is considered the most promising and potential energy carrier of the future. In this study, the energy sources, feedstocks, and various methods of hydrogen production from power generation are comparatively investigated in detail. In addition, this study presents an economic assessment to evaluate cost-effectiveness based on different economic indicators, including sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs) technology has the most potential to be developed compared to several other technologies. PEMFCs have been widely used in various fields and have advantages (i.e., start-up, zero-emissions, high power density). Among the various sources of uncertainty in the sensitivity analysis, the cost estimation method shows inflationary deviations from the proposed cost of capital. This is due to the selection process and untested technology. In addition, the cost of electricity and raw materials, as the main factors that are unpredictable.

DOI： 10.3389/frsus.2022.943145

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1109/tem.2022.3208567

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Research on the relationship between rainfall variability and conflicts has yielded contradictory results. This study is the first to show that the significance of the impact of rainfall variability on conflicts depends on the temporal unit of analysis. We prove this point by comparing the statistical significance of the linkages between georeferenced conflicts and rainfall variabilities at the monthly and annual levels with panel data analyses from 1989 to 2020. We find that a 10 percent increase in monthly rainfall decreases the risk of conflict incidence by 0.0298 percent, but annual rainfall variability is not statistically linked to conflict outbreaks. These statistically significant disparities result from the aggregation of data dispersion and the disregard for the timing of the impact of rainfall on conflicts. These findings highlight the importance of information on monthly rainfall variation when estimating the impact of rainfall on conflicts.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-23079-y

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Predicting long-term ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is important globally to support environmental and public health research and to provide information to governments and society for air pollution control policies. The ozone monitoring instrument (OMI), onboard Aura Satellite, detects monthly global tropospheric column amounts (TrCA) of NO2 molecules. However, the relationship between the ground-level NO2 concentration and TrCA of NO2 molecules remains elusive because NO2 molecules in the air are not evenly distributed vertically. We use geographically weighted panel regression (GWPR) to examine the relationship between satellite-derived data, measured ground-level NO2 concentrations, and several controlling meteorological variables from January 2015 to October 2021. The GWPR can analyze unbalanced panel data and capture the spatial variability of the relationship. Based on the GWPR estimation, 82 monthly global ground-level NO2 concentrations are predicted from January 2015 to October 2021. The GWPR is reliable, as indicated by the 10-fold cross-validation. The accuracy of the raster prediction of global ground-level NO2 from January 2015 to October 2021 is 69.61%. The coefficient of correlation, root mean square error and mean absolute error between globally predicted and measured ground-level NO2 are 0.838, 7.84 μg/m3 and 4.07 μg/m3, respectively, while the mean of globally measured ground-level NO2 is 19.47 μg/m3. Overall, this research provides critical basic data to environmental and public health science and valuable information for governments and societies to make more reasonable policies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113152

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113139

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We analyze the effect of managerial entrenchment on firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. We use the cross-shareholding ratio and the stable shareholders ratio, which characterize the Japanese corporate system, as proxy variables for managerial entrenchment. We choose two CSR/environmental, social, and corporate governance scores: those for vendors targeting only Japan and those for vendors targeting the entire world. The results show that increases in the cross-shareholding and stable shareholder ratios decrease CSR activities. These results are consistent with the view that CSR activities are considered a costly investment for managers rather than a type of agency cost. Finally, we reveal that after the enactment of Japan's Corporate Governance Code in 2015, the cross-shareholding and the stable shareholder ratios have not significantly affected CSR activities and that foreign institutional investors have promoted CSR activities.

DOI： 10.1002/csr.2362

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eiar.2022.106838

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Improving the intestinal microbiota using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has attracted attention as a method of disease prevention and treatment. This is the first study to discuss the effects of food intake on the intestinal microbiota using a large Japanese intestinal microbiota database. Here, as a case study, we determined changes in the intestinal microbiota caused by ingestion of a processed natto food containing B. subtilisvar. natto SONOMONO spores, SONOMONO NATTO POWDER CAPSULESTM, by analyzing 16S rRNA sequence data generated using next-generation sequencing techniques. The results showed that the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Blautia as well as the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium were increased in males and females in the ingesting group, respectively. Additionally, the effects of SONOMONO NATTO POWDER CAPSULESTM intake on Bifidobacterium and Blautia abundance depended on the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at baseline. Finally, analysis of a large Japanese intestinal microbiota database suggested that the bacterial genera that fluctuated with the ingestion of SONOMONO NATTO POWDER CAPSULESTM may be associated with lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes.

DOI： 10.3390/nu14183839

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This editorial was designed to summarize the contents and key aspects highlighted in this special issue on “Economic Analysis Underpinning Achievement of the SDGs.” The collection of twenty-one papers was partly drawn from the (1) Annual Conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, (2) the Kyushu University Platform of Inter/Transdisciplinary Energy Research (Q-Pit) international workshop on “Low-Carbon Energy Transitions,” and (3) International Conference on Energy Finance (ICEF). The novelty of this issue is the application of economic and technological analysis toward both the evaluation and achievement of the SDGs at regional and global levels. The research presented in this issue helped understand current progress and research directions in the field of economic analysis underpinning the achievement of the SDGs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132626

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

During the past two decades, the world has seen exponential growth in the number of companies reporting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data, and various ESG metrics have been proposed and are now in use. ESG metrics play a crucial role as an enabler of investment strategies that consider ESG factors, which are often referred to as “ESG investments”. The ESG metrics and investment market are evolving rapidly, as investors, corporations, and the public are giving more priority to the “S” in ESG, including social equity issues, such as diversity, income inequality, worker safety, systemic racism, and companies' broader role in society. In this critical, systematic review, utilizing in-depth assessments, we investigate and compare the approaches employed in major ESG metrics and studies, then, we shed light on the “S” aspect by reviewing existing approaches used to assess social equity to clarify commensurability with ESG. Through the systematic review, this paper confirms that ESG investments can be expected to provide stable and high returns especially over the long term. This paper also clarifies how elements considered in social equity studies are largely reflected in major ESG metrics.

DOI： 10.3389/frsus.2022.920955

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107464

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper proposes a framework for weighting priority for the multidimensional domains of slum development from the viewpoint of residents. The weights estimated by our framework can be interpreted as marginal utility, and multiplying satisfaction scores in each domain of development by these weights yields residents' utility from slum development. The proposed approach is carried out by accessing residents' needs for slum development in Mumbai, India, where more than 5.2 million residents live in slum areas. Using the dataset obtained from a questionnaire survey that we conducted with slum residents in March 2019, we estimate marginal utilities for 23 domains of slum development. The results show that (1) slum residents most wish to improve development projects about human capital (health and education), electricity, and drinking water, even if they have already been highly satisfied, (2) they feel the least satisfaction with public toilets and place high priority on projects involving public toilets, (3) the sewage system has low priority with low satisfaction, but this priority increases as slum residents become better off, (4) the projects on social development and protection are highly satisfied and generally ranked low in terms of marginal utilities, and (5) air pollution and working conditions are also concerns of slum residents, especially as these residents become better off. It is expected that the framework used in this paper can be used to extract the problems of urban development and to track the progress of development plans from the viewpoint of residents.

DOI： 10.3389/frsus.2022.907821

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-022-01219-7

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Background

Every year, more than 700,000 people die due to suicide, one of the most common reasons for youth death. While many studies have revealed two main factors for suicidal behavior: impulsive suicidal behavior due to mental illness and financial stress, it is not clear what happens if individuals face deterioration of mental health and economic recession. This paper attempts to answer this question and how suicide rates are correlated with these factors.

Methods

We empirically investigate whether economic recessions and air pollution trigger suicides by examining Japan, a country with one of the highest suicide rates, from 2014 to 2021. We take advantage of the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the periods before the pandemic, when both economic recessions and reductions in air pollution occurred simultaneously. Using monthly and municipal- level data, we construct a triple difference model that takes air pollution and unemployment as treatments.

Results

Our findings show that high (upper half of each period) levels of air pollution and unemployment have substantial impacts on the suicide rates of adults (22.9% in the short term) and children (42.7% in the short term, 36.0% in the long term), indicating that the increase in suicide rates among children is almost twice as high as that among adults. Our study finds that unemployment and air pollution alone are not associated with increased suicide rates but their simultaneous occurrence triggers suicides during the pandemic.

Conclusions

Our study urges suicide prevention, particularly among children, as an essential consideration for public health. Furthermore, our results indicate the need for the government to allocate resources to recover air quality and the economy simultaneously during a recession to reduce suicide mortality of both child and adults.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-022-14013-y

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Interest in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions from conventional power generation has increased the focus on the potential use of hydrogen to produce electricity. Numerous life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of hydrogen-based power generation have been published. This study reviews the technological and methodological choices made in hydrogen-based power generation LCAs. A systematic review was chosen as the research method to achieve a comprehensive and minimally biased overview of hydrogen-based power generation LCAs. Relevant articles published between 2004 and 2021 were identified by searching the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Electrolysis from renewable energy resources was the most widely considered type of hydrogen production in the LCAs analyzed. Fuel cell technology was the most common conversion equipment used in hydrogen-based electricity LCAs. A significant number of scenarios examine the use of hydrogen for energy storage and co-generation purposes. Based on qualitative analysis, the methodological choices of LCAs vary between studies in terms of the functional units, allocations, system boundaries, and life-cycle impact assessment methods chosen. These discrepancies were likely to influence the value of the environmental impact results. The findings of the reviewed LCAs could provide an environmental profile of hydrogen-based electricity systems, identify hotspots, drive future research, define performance goals, and establish a baseline for their large-scale deployment.

DOI： 10.3389/frsus.2022.920876

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected society in immeasurable ways, including investment. As the pandemic has impacted society's values, it has proven to be a major turning point for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment. This investment approach, which evaluates a company's ESG ratings alongside traditional financial metrics, was already “coming off a banner year,” and its reach continues to expand. Although numerous studies have investigated the impact of ESG scores on financial returns and the trend in ESG investment strategies, only a limited number of studies have attempted to capture the key players in ESG investment. Therefore, to determine the most influential investors in the ESG investment field, the cumulative impacts are calculated based on the ESG scores of invested companies, the total market price of invested companies, and the investor history portfolio report. We perform an iteration of calculation to convey the impacts that the invested companies have on the ultimate investors, and we identify the major players in the field and differences in the trend by type of investor and country.

DOI： 10.3389/frsus.2022.909239

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-022-00346-w

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04805-1

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envdev.2021.100697

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10479-022-04805-1

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-022-00346-w

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2022.01.014

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Transformative governance is key to addressing the global environmental crisis. We explore how transformative governance of complex biodiversity–climate–society interactions can be achieved, drawing on the first joint report between the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services to reflect on the current opportunities, barriers, and challenges for transformative governance. We identify principles for transformative governance under a biodiversity–climate–society nexus frame using four case studies: forest ecosystems, marine ecosystems, urban environments, and the Arctic. The principles are focused on creating conditions to build multifunctional interventions, integration, and innovation across scales; coalitions of support; equitable approaches; and positive social tipping dynamics. We posit that building on such transformative governance principles is not only possible but essential to effectively keep climate change within the desired 1.5 degrees Celsius global mean temperature increase, halt the ongoing accelerated decline of global biodiversity, and promote human well-being.

DOI： 10.1093/biosci/biac031

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Recently, natural capital has gained the attention of researchers and policymakers to promote sustainability. Previous studies have investigated the value of ecosystem services with respect to specific areas or species. Other studies have investigated the value of various types of ecosystem services and natural capital by integrating a number of findings using meta-analyses at the global level. Although these studies have provided information on either the global value of natural capital or the local value of specific subjects, there is little evidence on the country-specific values of natural capital in Japan, which will provide useful information for national environmental policies. We investigated the perceived values of terrestrial and marine natural capital in Japan using internet surveys and payment card methods. Data on various natural forms of capital were collected in a unified format and comparable manner. We found that some explanatory variables, such as perceived importance and visit frequency, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, are significant drivers of the willingness to pay (WTP), which maintains each aspect of natural capital. In addition, we conducted future predictions of terrestrial and marine natural capital using a scenario developed in a previous study. Our results indicate that Japan should follow a population-dispersed scenario for the sustainable management of natural capital up to 2050.

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-020-00891-x

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-022-01140-z

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-022-01143-w

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Background

This study provides objective evidence on the impact of COVID-19 based on employee occupational stress reported from 13 different industries, and examines the determinants of employee psychological well-being. As the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic continue, governments should consider industry-level differences when making support decisions concerning public resource allocation to corporations. However, little evidence exists regarding the differences in occupational stress across industries.

Methods

Employee occupational stress data (N = 673,071) was derived from workers in Japan from 2018 to 2020. The sample comprises workers from 13 industries, including civil services, service industry (other), real estate, medical/welfare, wholesale/retail, academic research, and accommodation/restaurant business. A logit model is employed to investigate the differences in employees’ psychological well-being before and during the pandemic.

Results

In 2020, 11 out of 12 industries had significantly worse occupational stress compared to employees engaged in civil services. Over 23% of employees from the wholesale/retail and accommodation/restaurant industries were observed as high-stress employees. Improved compensation policies supporting these industries are suggested. In contrast, reduced occupational stress was found among employees in the transportation/postal and information/communication industries. Among the 13 industries, aside from high job demands, tough inter-person relationships in the workplace became the most significant stressors during the pandemic.

Conclusions

The results confirm that the pandemic has had a heterogeneous effect on employee occupational stress across industries, thus suggesting that the level of compensation given to different industries during the COVID-19 pandemic should be discussed and approved by the Japanese government. Additionally, support for the wholesale/retail and accommodation/restaurant industries during the pandemic should be improved.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-022-13257-y

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-021-01030-w

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-021-00915-0

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11356-021-18442-x

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s13235-022-00426-2

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/23792949.2022.2030774

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2021.11.008

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Background

Human capital is thought to be a crucial factor that drives economic growth. This study aims to understand the evaluation of the loss of human capital caused by employees’ occupational stress.

Methods

In total, 1,021,178 observations for employee occupational stress were collected from 390 companies from 2017 to 2019 in Japan. The original cross-sectional survey contains 11,167 employees with occupational stress and their socioeconomic information in 2015. The relationship between stress and annual income is estimated with polynomial regression, and accumulated human capital loss is estimated. Matching approaches are applied for corporate human capital loss.

Results

The negative association between annual income and employee stress is derived, which indicates that the worse the employees’ stress is, the greater the human capital losses. Importantly, we confirmed that most employees have human capital loss, and on average, for male employees aged 25, the accumulated human capital loss will reach approximately $0.6 million USD by retirement.

Conclusion

For corporations, human capital loss is highly correlated with the number of employees, suggesting that reducing the occupational stress of employees can lead to greater corporate performance.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-022-12751-7

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/00036846.2022.2056127

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.019

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121316

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Traditional fuels have both environmental and health impacts. The transition from traditional to clean cooking fuel requires significant public policy actions. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) is one of the primary policies launched in India to eradicate energy poverty among households. Past studies have focused on the drivers that motivate rural households to adopt clean energy and identified the bottlenecks for adoption of clean energy in developing countries. PMUY’s success in terms of scale and pace is critical in the national drive to provide access to clean energy fuel to each citizen. The present study focuses on two objectives. First, we investigate the intensity of adoption and refill of LPG under the PMUY scheme. Second, we use household and other demographic characteristics to examine the factors that influence households’ decision on using LPG as a cooking fuel. Empirical results show that rapid growth has been witnessed in the provision of subsidized LPG connections. However, the annual average refill status stands at two LPG cylinders per beneficiary household indicating that the majority of the beneficiaries have failed to refill their LPG cylinders. This imbalance between rapid enrollment of LPG and limited refill among beneficiary households indicate the continued usage of traditional sources of energy for cooking. From the primary survey conducted in the rural tribal communities of Odisha, we observe that household income and education played a significant role in adoption of LPG and continued usage of LPG gas. Additionally, the logit and ordered probit models identify that membership in self-help groups, accessibility and awareness of LPG are the major adoption drivers. In conclusion, policy makers need to address the challenge of refill status among PMUY consumers. Further, educating households on health benefits through SHG and creating accessibility at village level can actively increase the usage of LPG.

DOI： 10.3390/su14042450

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.frl.2021.102108

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102417

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101962

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101962

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104852

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2021.103750

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10666-021-09814-1

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s13235-022-00426-2

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-021-00306-w

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-021-00331-9

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118076

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-022-01094-2

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

This study conducted a systematic literature review of the technical aspects and methodological choices in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of the use of hydrogen for road transport. More than 70 scientific papers published during 2000–2021 were reviewed, in which more than 350 case studies of the use of hydrogen in the automotive sector were found. Only some studies used hybrid LCA and energetic input–output LCA, whereas most studies addressed attributional process-based LCA. A categorization based on the life cycle scope distinguished case studies that addressed the well-to-tank (WTT), well-to-wheel (WTW), and complete life cycle approaches. Furthermore, based on the hydrogen production process, these case studies were classified into four categories: thermochemical, electrochemical, thermal–electrochemical, and biochemical. Moreover, based on the hydrogen production site, the case studies were classified as centralized, on-site, and on-board. The fuel cell vehicle passenger car was the most commonly used vehicle. The functional unit for the WTT studies was mostly mass or energy, and vehicle distance for the WTW and complete life cycle studies. Global warming potential (GWP) and energy consumption were the most influential categories. Apart from the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation model and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for assessment of the GWP, the Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden method was most widely used in other impact categories. Most of the articles under review were comparative LCA studies on different hydrogen pathways and powertrains. The findings provide baseline data not only for large-scale applications, but also for improving the efficiency of hydrogen use in road transport.

DOI： 10.1088/2516-1083/ac34e9

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103447

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105924

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113870

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a continuously increasing trend with a large variation in the number of COVID-19 deaths across countries. In response, many countries have implemented non pharmaceutical methods of intervention, such as social distancing and lockdowns. This study aims to investigate the relationship of four dimensions of social capital (community attachment, social trust, family bond, and security) and several control variables with COVID-19 deaths.

Methods

We retrieved data from open access databases and a survey. COVID-19 death-related data were collected from the website “Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University”. Social capital-related data were collected from a large-scale survey that included web-based and face-to-face surveys covering 100,956 respondents across all regions/provinces/states of 37 countries in 2017. Data regarding population density, number of hospital beds, and population aged 65 or older were retrieved from the World Development Indicators (WDIs). Data on country lockdowns were obtained from the website “National responses to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic”. Linear regressions were applied to identify the relationship between social capital and COVID-19 deaths.

Results

We found that COVID-19 deaths were associated with social capital both positively and negatively. Community attachment and social trust were associated with more COVID-19 deaths, and family bond and security were associated with fewer deaths. COVID-19 deaths were positively associated with population density, ageing population, and interactions between four dimensions of social capital-related factors and the ageing population. Furthermore, the number of hospital beds and early lockdown policy were negatively associated with COVID-19 deaths.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the role of social capital in dynamically evolving threats, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, is not always negative or positive. Therefore, people’s behaviour should be changed to support countries’ response to the COVID-19 threat.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-021-10475-8

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.iatssr.2021.11.002

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

People migrate from rural to urban areas. In the meantime, the benefits of staying in greener areas are also known. People’s preferences might be different by area that is composed of several land types. If so, the effect of particular land cover on human well-being is different spatially. The spatial analysis is required to formulate effective land-use policies. Here we show that urban land, water, and grassland are positively related to human well-being, whereas bare land is negatively associated in Japan. A 1 $${mathrm{m } }^{2}$$ increase in the area of urban land per capita in a city is equivalent to an about 346 USD increase in the individual annual income of all the people in the city. Additionally, monetary values of areas of water, crops, and bare land per capita are 102, − 30, and − 268 $$mathrm{USD}/mathrm{Capita }{mathrm{m } }^{2}$$. Furthermore, the spatial context matters to the relationship between land cover and human well-being. This paper investigates the monetary values of several land types and their spatial variability, which provides insights to make better usage for land cover.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-95351-6

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) mainly originates from combustion emissions. On-road transportation is considered one of the primary sources of PM_2.5 emission. The relationship between on-road transportation and PM_2.5 concentration varies temporally and spatially, and the estimation for this variation is important for policymaking. Here, we reveal the quantitative association of PM_2.5 concentration with on-road transportation by the spatial panel Durbin model and the geographical and temporal weighted regression. We find that 6.17 billion kilometres (km) per km² on-road transportation increase is associated with a 1-μg/m³ county-level PM_2.5 concentration increase in the contiguous United States. On-road transportation marginally contributes to PM_2.5, only 1.09% on average. Approximately 3605 premature deaths are attributed to PM_2.5 from on-road transportation in 2010, and about a total of 50,223 premature deaths ascribe to PM_2.5 taking 6.49% from 2003 to 2016. Our findings shed light on the necessity of the county-level policies considering the temporal and spatial variability of the relationship to further mitigate PM_2.5 from on-road transportation.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-00862-x

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2021.08.013

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10614-020-10051-z

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Previous studies have shown that people understand the future ancillary cost of durable goods such as an automotive vehicle. However, consumers tend to misunderstand the future benefits and costs of these goods. One of the most interesting discussions about consumer cognitive ability for future energy cost is the miles per gallon (MPG) illusion. In this study, we analyze people’s misunderstanding of the relationship between kilometers per liter (KPL) and the actual amount of fuel saved using vehicle owner survey data. We developed some questions to measure how much each person is involved with the MPG (or KPL) illusion. Additionally, our survey includes questions capturing some preferences affecting future fuel costs, such as time. Controlling for the most important respondent characteristics, such as income or gender, our empirical model analyzes the extent of the misunderstanding of how much actual KPL selections of personal auto vehicles are affected. We found that many Japanese consumers tend to misunderstand the relationship between KPL and actual fuel costs. Our results demonstrate that people who misunderstand the relationship tend to choose a higher 4.324 km per liter car than those who understand. This finding implies that the KPL illusion affects the KPL selection of consumers’ cars.

DOI： 10.3390/en14217294

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

While the rent generation for harvesters in common property resource exploitation has been well studied, questions about the rent distribution between the resource users and the downstream sector remain. We study the effects of information asymmetry on the distribution of rent between harvesters and buyers in the ex-vessel fish market and discuss the implication on the outcomes of natural resource management. Under a first-price sealed-bid auction of the fish-by-fish firsthand market in Japan, the markdown gained by buyers is estimated using a structural auction model with a nonparametric method. The results suggest that auction winners enjoy considerably high markdown (48% on average) from market transactions in fish. In a market in which asymmetric information drives down the price, the markdown can work as a resource management tax and disincentivize harvesters from overfishing and overinvesting. This "unintended tax" should be recognized in the design of public policy because a policy that changes the equilibrium may affect the trade-off between marginalized low-income harvesters and the abundant resource stock.

DOI： 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104771

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Previous studies have shown that people understand the future ancillary cost of durable goods such as an automotive vehicle. However, consumers tend to misunderstand the future benefits and costs of these goods. One of the most interesting discussions about consumer cognitive ability for future energy cost is the miles per gallon (MPG) illusion. In this study, we analyze people’s misunderstanding of the relationship between kilometers per liter (KPL) and the actual amount of fuel saved using vehicle owner survey data. We developed some questions to measure how much each person is involved with the MPG (or KPL) illusion. Additionally, our survey includes questions capturing some preferences affecting future fuel costs, such as time. Controlling for the most important respondent characteristics, such as income or gender, our empirical model analyzes the extent of the misunderstanding of how much actual KPL selections of personal auto vehicles are affected. We found that many Japanese consumers tend to misunderstand the relationship between KPL and actual fuel costs. Our results demonstrate that people who misunderstand the relationship tend to choose a higher 4.324 km per liter car than those who understand. This finding implies that the KPL illusion affects the KPL selection of consumers’ cars.

DOI： 10.3390/en14217294

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3389/fclim.2021.701818

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104771

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105601

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Motivated by the global fear of the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, we investigated whether lockdowns save people from air pollution, notably from Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). Using daily satellite data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), we first found that the global NO2 tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) decreased by 16.5% after the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) outbreak. Then, we calculated the global health benefits, as the monetized value of life, using the value of a statistical life (VSL). The total global health benefits were approximately 8.73 trillion USD, accounting for 10% of the global GDP; such benefits would be the largest in China, followed by the United States, Japan and Germany. Our results suggest that lockdowns may bring benefits to countries that policy interventions cannot easily bring, thus highlighting the importance of social distancing.

DOI： 10.3390/su132111777

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Better accuracy in short-term forecasting is required for intermediate planning for the national target to reduce CO2 emissions. High stake climate change conventions need accurate predictions of the future emission growth path of the participating countries to make informed decisions. The current study forecasts the CO2 emissions of the 17 key emitting countries. Unlike previous studies where linear statistical modeling is used to forecast the emissions, we develop a multilayer artificial neural network model to forecast the emissions. This model is a dynamic nonlinear model that helps to obtain optimal weights for the predictors with a high level of prediction accuracy. The model uses the gross domestic product (GDP), urban population ratio, and trade openness, as predictors for CO2 emissions. We observe an average of 96% prediction accuracy among the 17 countries which is much higher than the accuracy of the previous models. Using the optimal weights and available input data the forecasting of CO2 emissions is undertaken. The results show that high emitting countries, such as China, India, Iran, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia are expected to increase their emissions in the near future. Currently, low emitting countries, such as Brazil, South Africa, Turkey, and South Korea will also tread on a high emission growth path. On the other hand, the USA, Japan, UK, France, Italy, Australia, and Canada will continuously reduce their emissions. These findings will help the countries to engage in climate mitigation and adaptation negotiations.

DOI： 10.3390/en14196336

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2021.04.014

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/15567249.2021.1983891

記述言語：英語  

Abstract

We examine the impact of life and health insurance spending on subjective well-being. Taking advantage of insurance spending and subjective well-being data on more than 700,000 individuals in Japan, we examine whether insurance spending can buffer declines in subjective well-being due to exposure to mass disaster. We find that insurance spending can buffer drops in subjective well-being by approximately 3–6% among those who experienced the mass disaster of the great East Japan earthquake. Subjective health increases the most, followed by life satisfaction and happiness. On the other hand, insurance spending decreases the subjective well-being of those who did not experience the earthquake by approximately 3–7%. We conclude by monetizing the subjective well-being loss and calculating the extent to which insurance spending can compensate for it. The monetary value of subjective well-being buffered through insurance spending is approximately 33,128 USD for happiness, 33,287 USD for life satisfaction, and 19,597 USD for subjective health for a person in one year. Therefore, we confirm that life/health insurance serves as an ideal option for disaster adaptation. Our findings indicate the importance of considering subjective well-being, which is often neglected when assessing disaster losses.

DOI： 10.21203/rs.3.rs-874349/v1

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112442

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2021.05.011

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105406

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s00181-020-01955-8

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112330

記述言語：その他  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127499

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the relationship between consumption and subjective well-being (SWB). There is clear evidence in the literature that the income–SWB relationship depends on the SWB measure, but the reasons are not fully clear yet; however, the main reason may be related to consumption because most income is used for that. This study is the first to examine directly whether the consumption–SWB relationship differs between affective, cognitive, and eudaimonic SWB measures. We adopt the following four SWB indices: life satisfaction, the Cantril ladder, affect balance, and eudaimonia. In addition, on the consumption side, we consider both material and relational consumption. Nonparametric analysis of our uniquely collected survey results in Japan suggests that total consumption contributes to cognitive measures of SWB and eudaimonia, while there is a certain threshold for affective measures. However, once material versus relational consumption is considered in total consumption, we find that relational consumption contributes to any SWB measure without clear upper bounds, while material consumption contributes to all SWB measures only to certain thresholds. Our results also show that the marginal effects of total consumption, material consumption, and relational consumption on cognitive measures of SWB and eudaimonia are greater than on affective measures. In addition, our results show that the marginal effects of relational consumption tend to be greater than those of material consumption for all SWB indices. Based on the findings, we expect relational consumption to be key for improving well-being.

DOI： 10.1007/s10902-020-00327-4

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11205-021-02651-5

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11482-021-09955-1

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11482-021-09955-1

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10584-021-03145-6

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107043

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2021.02.010

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study assesses how and in what circumstances tourists’ perceived value of nature-based tourism (NBT) attributes differ among various types of national parks. A novel discrete choice experiment is used employing data collected from 343 international tourists in four national parks in Sri Lanka. We find that the improvements in frequency of large species’ encounters, habitat quality and proximity to encountered wildlife produce greater utility. A surprising finding is that tourists are shown to prefer to spend only a limited amount of time at national parks. They also tend to choose less-visited parks that have large mammals for which they would be willing to pay more compared to those national parks that are more frequently visited. Our article contributes to the empirical evidence that time is a key factor that determines the tourism destination choice and less-visited parks offer considerable potential for future growth of tourism.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105472

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110767

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2139/ssrn.3299783

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-020-00074-z

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-020-00077-w

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2020.11.001

記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.14927/reeps.14.1_66

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2020.12.013

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2021.01.008

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106982

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The article Natural capitals for nature’s contributions to people: the case of Japan, written by Junya Kumagai, Mihoko Wakamatsu, Shizuka Hashimoto, Osamu Saito, Takehito Yoshida, Takehisa Yamakita, Keiko Hori, Takanori Matsui, Michio Oguro, Masahiro Aiba, Rei Shibata, Tohru Nakashizuka and Shunsuke Managi, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on January 4, 2021 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on March 3, 2021 to © The Author(s) 2021 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The original article has been updated. Funding note: Open Access publication was funded by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-15, JPMEERF16S11500).

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-021-00939-6

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120410

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/aepr.12320

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101166

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.wace.2020.100286

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2020.09.006

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2020.08.005

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102377

記述言語：その他  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In our daily lives, some people tend to use the same material goods more extensively than other people. It would appear that people like this consume fewer material inputs, other things being equal. Our research question is whether they are also happier in terms of life satisfaction. To study this, we first hypothesized that they are happier due to the endowment effect, prosocial or pro-environmental motivations, or income and substitution effects. We show that income and substitution effects are positive for people who use products for longer. Using a reduced form model that incorporates these four effects together, and empirical data originally collected from rural areas in Vietnam, we divide consumption into material consumption and residual consumption and demonstrate that, in general, increased material consumption is not associated with increased well-being; however, for those who take better care of their possessions, this effect is reversed, and material consumption does increase well-being. Our study shows that for people who take better care of their possessions, increased consumption is linked to increased well-being. This finding has a useful policy implication for developing countries to improve their well-being by promoting economic growth alongside responsible consumption.

DOI： 10.3390/su12239913

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120231

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.trc.2020.102748

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</title>
Using a case study from Delhi, India, this study aims to investigate why perceived safety endures despite crimes in the neighborhood. Local residents in Delhi feel considerably less fearful of crime in their neighborhoods, and a majority reported feeling safe in their neighborhoods, especially during the daytime.


</sec>
<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</title>
This paper hypothesized that similar to the crime itself, perceptions of safety or the fear of crime, also tend to be concentrated in hotspots. Following a hotspot analysis based on the respondents’ perceptions of safety, the data gathered were applied to the perceived neighborhood structure. Using two perception-of-safety models, this paper could analyze the ripple effect of individual perception on the neighborhood by adding the calculated values of the perceived safety hotspot through hotspot analysis.


</sec>
<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</title>
The results indicated that income, trust in others, attachment to the local neighborhood and police access can increase residents’ perceptions of safety. Additionally, the neighborhoods’ perception of safety was found to positively impact the individual’s perception of safety.


</sec>
<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Research limitations/implications</title>
This study was limited in terms of generalizing the findings. Further studies could potentially include not only other cities in India but also, cities in developing countries in Africa and Latin America, where residents tend not to fear crime despite high crime rates.


</sec>
<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Practical implications</title>
Residents’ perceived safety does not necessarily reflect local crimes and security. Local policies to improve residents’ perceptions of safety have to often be separated from crime reduction because a reduction in some crimes would not necessarily improve residents’ perception of safety. Contrarily, if the crime rate is high, as in the case of Delhi, people may have a moderate fear of crime across the neighborhood.


</sec>
<sec>
<title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</title>
Notably, this study found that, along with trust in others and attachment to the local neighborhood, individuals’ perception of safety is positively affected by neighborhoods’ perception of safety, which is assessed by the alternate analytic model.


</sec>

DOI： 10.1108/sc-02-2020-0006

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101517

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-020-00072-1

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-020-00075-y

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106707

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.5547/01956574.42.s12.akee

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2020.06.002

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2020.05.008

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104748

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.06.018

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Disasters often cause exogenous flow damage (i.e., the [hypothetical] difference in economic scale with and without a disaster in a certain period) to production ("supply constraint"). However, input-output (IO) analysis (IOA) cannot usually consider it, because the Leontief quantity model (LQM) assumes that production is endogenous; the Ghosh quantity model (GQM) is considered implausible; and the Leontief price model (LPM) and the Ghosh price model (GPM) assume that quantity is fixed. This study proposes to consider a supply constraint in the LPM, introducing the price elasticity of demand. This study uses the loss of social surplus (SS) as a damage estimation because production (sales) is less informative as a damage index than profit (margin); that is, production can be any amount if without considering profit, and it does not tell exactly how much profit is lost for each supplier (upstream sector) and buyer (downstream sector). As a model application, this study examines Japan's largest five earthquakes from 1995 to 2017 and the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) in March 2011. The worst earthquake at the peak tends to increase price by 10-20&#37; and decrease SS by 20-30&#37;, when compared with the initial month's prices/production. The worst damage tends to last eight months at most, accumulating 0.5-month-production damage (i.e., the sum of [hypothetical] differences in SS with and without an earthquake [for eight months] is 50&#37; of the initial month production). Meanwhile, the GEJE in the five prefectures had cumulatively, a 25-month-production damage until the temporal recovery at the 37th month.

DOI： 10.1111/risa.13525

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study examines the impact of board gender diversity on corporate environmental strategy and financial performance. Based on 12 corporate environmental policies in 3,389 firms worldwide, we identified four types of corporate environmental strategies by using the latent class regression model: an inactive strategy, a reactive strategy, a pollution prevention strategy, and a sustainable development strategy. The empirical evidence shows that women on boards (WoB) contribute to the promotion of proactive environmental strategies, including the pollution prevention strategy, which is found to bring about sustained competitive advantage in both short-term and long-term financial performance, and the sustainable development strategy, which is positively associated with long-term financial performance. Following the natural resource-based view of the firm, these findings indicate that WoB can be seen as a key resource in the organizational process, which provides a shared vision of the future and strong moral leadership to the top management team.

DOI： 10.1002/csr.1945

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

National parks have been used over the years as a model for preserving and conserving plants and animals. Governments also use parks as a tool for rural poverty elimination. Although national parks have been located in the living and working environments of local residents, the surrounding communities are typically not allowed to gain substantial benefits. This can lead to unsustainable practices including over extraction of park resources and illegal use of parks’ natural assets. In light of these issues this paper firstly examines the role of national parks in ensuring socio-economic sustainability. Secondly, it examines the level of local participation and inclusiveness through a case study of the Udawalawe National Park. A value chain-based methodology is employed to estimate the local economic share of the park value chain. Results indicate that factors affecting inclusiveness such as human capital, financial capital, social capital, gender, location, level of complementarity between tourism and local livelihoods, and absence of endogenous growth policies have limited both local participation and their share in a park's value chain. This indicates the need for revenue sharing and integrated tourism cluster development programmes to offset costs and risks of locals, and to improve local attitudes towards conservation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100517

記述言語：英語  

Previous research separately considers entrepreneurship, environmental quality, or environmental value in the economic development process. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and environmental load (focusing on CO₂) by analyzing global data. Its major contribution is the addition of the entrepreneurship factor in the relationship, not only between entrepreneurship and environment but also among economic development, entrepreneurship, and environment with economic value, by calculating marginal cost. To calculate the marginal cost, the directional distance function is introduced, and the entrepreneurship factor is added to the production function in this calculation. The results show a U-shaped relationship between entrepreneurship and the marginal cost of CO₂ emissions in economic development. While an advanced country such as Japan has a median level of marginal cost of CO₂, countries such as China, which have low levels of CO₂ abatement, have higher rates of entrepreneurial activity. For countries positioned close to the turning point, further promotion of environmental and social entrepreneurship through technological innovation will help achieve greater sustainable progress; this is vital for future sustainable development.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2020.05.004

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Green bond markets are expanding precipitously and proceeds are increasingly being allocated to renewable energy. There is a gap in the empirical literature on the policies affecting green bond finance for the renewable energy assets critical to achieving Paris Agreement emissions reduction targets. To assess the impact that Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement have on green bond finance for renewable energy, this study employed a difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis using an original panel dataset of &#36;25 billion in green bond proceeds allocations in 66 countries between 2008 and 2017. An original normalized index of NDC robustness was constructed to measure unique NDC impacts on green bond disbursements to renewable energy. The results are the first to show that in the years following their submission in 2015, comparatively stringent NDCs demonstrated large positive impacts on green bond allocations to renewable energy with 99&#37; statistical significance. These findings suggest that beyond conventional economic policy supports, climate commitments can drive global emissions reductions by inciting greater green bond finance for the renewable energy projects vital to achieving emissions reduction targets.

DOI： 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120051

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The following is an edited transcript of an interview conducted on September 26th, 2018, with Professor Partha Dasgupta, the Frank Ramsey Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, while he was visiting Kyushu University to deliver the plenary talk to the 2018 World Social Science Forum by the International Social Science Council hosted by Kyushu University.

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-020-00276-5

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-019-00057-9

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-020-00061-4

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Natural disasters have become more frequent and devastating as a result of global climate change in recent years. The economic impacts of natural disasters are significant and more relevant to small island states, given their location and size of economy. This paper studies Pacific small island states and investigates how natural disasters affect sustainable development in these states, with a highlight on the role of financial development in alleviating the negative impacts of natural disasters on the local economic growth. We empirically estimate the direct and indirect roles of financial development on these states and explicitly distinguish the economic effects from a battery of measures of financial development. A more important role played by internal financing factors than by external financing sources is found, which suggest that enhancing internal financing capabilities can help these states better use financial resources and build disaster resilience more effectively. Relevant policy suggestions are proposed based on these findings.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2020.04.003

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Using original cross-sectional internet survey data from 32 countries covering six continents, we investigated the impact of education gaps between married partners on their health status and sustainable lifestyles using the instrumental variable method. A self-rated health status index, mental health index, and an objective health status index were utilized to assess the health statuses of individuals, and six unique indices were used to investigate the sustainable lifestyles. According to the main findings, work-family conflicts may be severe for both wives and husbands with high education levels, and the hypothesis regarding the positive effect of income was not supported. Two major conclusions were derived. First, in general, as opposed to couples with equal education levels, the probability of reporting a worse health status was higher, and the activities related to sustainable development such as improving environmental sustainability were less for couples with education gaps. Second, a comparison of the effects of education gaps on the health status of couples in various groups reveals that highly educated groups, women, and people in Asian or middle-income countries had a higher negative effect on their health status.

DOI： 10.3390/su12114623

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10113-020-01658-x

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The inclusive wealth approach is increasingly common to measure the sustainable development of the countries. It comprised the natural, human and produced capital of nations to measure social wellbeing. We measure the inclusive wealth of the provinces in China from 2000 to 2015 and reports the sustainable use of the resources. We identify that three types of capital have increased to varying degrees, with produced capital increasing by 615.6&#37;, natural capital increasing by 33.8&#37;, and human capital increased by 337.0&#37;. The total amount of inclusive wealth has increased by 300.4&#37; in the past 15 years. However, the provinces in China are still facing unbalanced development across the country compared to developed nations. The use of the natural capital, more specifically now-renewable resources, has been restricting the wealth growth in some provinces. Although ecological services account for a small proportion of the total inclusive wealth, more attention is essential for sustainable development. Meanwhile, the rapid growth of carbon damages posed threat to future wealth accumulation. Innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development are the goals of China 13th and 14th five-year plan and our inclusive wealth of China will be key measurement tool of this achievement.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110328

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Assessing a city's development processes and evaluating city performance in terms of relevant dimensions of sustainability has become a key focus of literature, given the policy implications. Although organizations and governments agree on the importance of evaluating performance and sustainability of cities and use evaluations to improve citizens’ living environments, indicators included in these evaluations vary, and subjective evaluation results have not always been considered along with objective evaluation. Subjective citizen satisfaction is an important metric in evaluating cities, as efforts to improve city performance ultimately impact the comfort of city inhabitants. However, the relationship between objective city evaluation indicators and citizen satisfaction with city performance is complex. Large-scale survey data, as collected by the authors of the present study, enable the calculation of subjective city evaluations in Japan using the same evaluation factors. In this study, the distribution patterns of subjective and objective city evaluation indicators with the average life satisfaction indicator (5-point scale) were compared at the municipality level in Japan. Results showed that although the subjective city evaluation indicator is more positively associated with the life satisfaction indicator at the city level than the objective city evaluation indicator, the environmental aspect of objective indicators is negatively associated with the subjective city evaluation indicator; additionally, economic aspects of objective indicators are negatively associated with life satisfaction indicators, with statistical significance. This reveals that objective city evaluation is not always positively related to subjective city evaluation and life satisfaction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120523

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1561/112.00000514

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study investigates how paid parental leave (PPL) can supplement functional social support and affect maternal stress in a context of undersupplied childcare support. A Japanese PPL reform implemented in 2017 improves functional social support by entitling an additional 6-month extendable PPL period to parents with childcare arrangement difficulties, making the maximum length of the postpartum job-protected leave period increased from 18 months to 24 months. We explore the stress-relief effect of being eligible for the new entitlement using an observational dataset originally collected before and after the policy intervention. We construct a policy-relevant sample and a policy-irrelevant sample of mothers with regular employment based on the eligibility conditions of the new entitlement and balance the pre- and postintervention cohorts using coarsened exact matching. The policy effect is identified by comparing the pre- and postintervention maternal stress of balanced policy-relevant observations; the unconfoundedness assumption, which validates the identification strategy, is tested by analyzing the policy-irrelevant sample. The results indicate that being eligible for the additional PPL period has a relief effect on maternal low-level stress, and the effect is more pronounced for married mothers from medium–high household income families; the eligibility is found to have a null effect on maternal high-level stress.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2019.12.001

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1561/112.00000513

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

An experimental investigation of bilateral oligopoly in emissions trading markets

DOI： 10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101349

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study shows potential cost savings by adoption of emission trading in India. At the Paris Agreement, India pledged to reduce CO₂ emissions intensity by about 30–35&#37; by 2030 relative to 2005. Applying joint production function of electricity and CO₂ emissions, we find that India could have saved about US&#36; 5 to 8 billion, if she had constituted an emission trading system, with the provision of banking and borrowing over the study period of 5 years. To our knowledge, this is the first study measuring foregone gains due to absence of a nationwide carbon emission-trading program in coal fired thermal power sector, using an ex-post analysis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104653

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

<title>Non-technical abstract</title>
Wealth commonly refers to the measure of the value of all assets or capital owned by an individual, community, company or nation. Sustainable development requires that the per capita productive base or comprehensive wealth of an economy should at least not decline over a period of time. We present here a comprehensive assessment of cross-country productivity over a study period of 1990–2010 for 140 countries. We used the concept of inclusive wealth introduced by the United Nations to assess the social value, rather than dollar price, of all each country's assets, including produced, human and natural capital.

DOI： 10.1017/sus.2020.1

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.24464/serviceology.6.4_16

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1149/09601.0081ecst

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Green bonds are increasingly being applied to finance emissions reductions, sustainable development, and other cleaner production investments conducive to reaching the 2 °C temperature target of the Paris Agreement. As their markets are relatively nascent, there is a gap in the empirical literature on the drivers of green bond market growth. To assess the impact that capital market growth drivers and Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement have on green bond issuance volumes as indicators of market growth, this study employed a structural equation model using a panel dataset of over &#36;300 billion in green bonds issued in 49 countries between 2007 and 2017. This is the first econometric study to demonstrate unique drivers of green bond market growth in addition to factors that similarly affect conventional bond market growth. This is also the first study to construct a normalized index of Nationally Determined Contributions robustness scores to measure their impacts on green bond market growth. Macroeconomic latent factors exerted three times the total influence exerted by institutional latent factors. Institutional effects are positive and indirect, while OECD membership impacts were small and statistically insignificant. Nationally Determined Contributions scores exerted the largest positive and statistically significant impacts among observed variables. These results suggest that Nationally Determined Contributions and other macroeconomic and institutional factors are driving growing green bond issuances that will finance climate and sustainability investments through the future. They also highlight the need for broader examinations of the determinants of green bond issuances as investment vehicles for sustainable outcomes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118643

記述言語：その他  

Inequality of health stock and the relation to national wealth.

DOI： 10.1186/s12939-019-1096-x

記述言語：その他  

© 2019 Economic Society of Australia, Queensland In this paper, we attempt to identify the reasons behind the differences in environmental policy between Japan and other developed countries, particularly the US. Japan&#039;s environmental policy is unique in that voluntary approaches have been taken to reduce total emissions. This strategy is quite different from the traditional approach of heavy-handed regulation. In Japan, voluntary approaches are conducted through negotiations with polluters. The idea behind this type of voluntary approaches is that the government can induce polluters to abate emissions voluntarily by using light-handed regulations and the threat of heavy-handed regulations. The light-handed regulation is quite effective especially when it is costly to introduce heavy-handed regulations, although the negotiations are difficult to conduct when the number of stakeholders is large. To strengthen our analysis, we provide some examples of Japanese environmental policies which are successful and the ones that are not.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2019.07.003

記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejipm.75.I_347

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/09537287.2019.1695912

記述言語：その他  

© 2019 Economic Society of Australia, Queensland There are a variety of institutional lenders in capital markets, such as banks or credit unions. Using the panel data of Japanese firms, we evaluate banks and credit unions based on their borrowers’ cash-flow sensitivity of investments, which is a measure of borrowers’ financial constraints. Our findings suggest that credit unions are doing better than banks in loosening the financial constraints of small and, in particular, middle-aged firms. We then discuss some potentially socially desirable policy interventions. We further contribute to the literature on firms’ financial constraints by estimating investment-cash-flow sensitivity using a sample that has not been analyzed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2019.10.002

記述言語：その他  

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. We apply a modified gravity model to Japanese municipal-level migration and demographic data to examine the drivers of domestic migration. We focus on the human capital stock of municipalities, measured by the share of university graduates in the municipal population, and human capital related variable, identified as a shortage rate of nursery school capacity. Our results reveal the migration pattern from municipalities with low to high human capital stock or to better conditions. Moreover, the positive impact of human capital stock is larger for age groups active in the labor force. We discuss the implications of our empirical findings for sustainable regional development in aging societies with declining populations.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jjie.2019.101051

記述言語：その他  

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. We test how early childhood education creates preferences for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through teacher-student random gender matching. Using originally collected individual-level data, we examine how female teachers in elementary school influence students’ CSR stated preferences in their adulthood. Our major finding is that female teachers affect male but not female pupils’ preferences for corporate responsibility later in life, which offers new evidence from Japan for the female socialization hypothesis. Considering that class teachers are randomly assigned to pupils at entrance to elementary school, this effect is not merely associational but causal.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jjie.2019.101048

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：その他  

What determines whale watching tourists’ expenditure? A study from Hervey Bay, Australia

DOI： 10.1177/1354816619832789

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-019-00732-6

記述言語：その他  

Public acceptance of nuclear power plants in Indonesia: Portraying the role of a multilevel governance system

DOI： 10.1016/j.esr.2019.100427

記述言語：その他  

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd This paper examines residential demand for electricity in Sri Lanka using survey data collected over a five-year period between 2011 and 2015. The study finds that the major determinants of demand for residential electricity are the result of price or market distortions (i.e. subsidies), socioeconomic variables and energy saving technology. The effects of these variables are particularly relevant to competition policy. Estimated elasticities with respect to average price, subsidies under marginal cost pricing, subsidies under average cost pricing and income are found to be −0.015, 0.021, 0.036 and 0.046 respectively. We find that demand for electricity is inelastic and is categorised as a normal good. However, elasticities with respect to subsidy variables are found to be higher than the price variable. This implies, that under an increasing block rate system any price change used as a policy measure to control electricity consumption will not be effective. This is because price changes could alter the subsidy received by the consumer and therefore reverse the objective of the price change. Further, results of this study find that price and elasticities with respect to subsidy variables are relatively higher for low income groups while income elasticity is relatively larger for high income groups.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110932

記述言語：その他  

Impacts of productive efficiency improvement in the global metal industry on CO₂ emissions.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109261

記述言語：その他  

Do monetary and non-monetary incentives influence environmental attitudes and behavior? Evidence from an experimental analysis

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.05.034

記述言語：その他  

Is Japan's commercial whaling doomed?

DOI： 10.1038/d41586-019-02624-2

記述言語：その他  

Does doing “good” always translate into doing “well”? An eco-efficiency perspective

DOI： 10.1002/bse.2311

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2019, The Author(s). It is increasingly common to judge the sustainable development of nations by non-declining social well-being. Determinants of social well-being have been measured and used for sustainability analysis. In particular, inclusive wealth per capita, which comprises produced, human, and natural capital, was reported in the Inclusive Wealth Report in 2012 and 2014. Here, we report the updates of the third edition of the report, which covers 140 countries from 1990 to 2014. In per capita terms, only 60&#37; out of 140 countries show non-declining wealth for the past quarter century. Most countries, both developed and developing, fall into the group of running down natural capital and increasing produced and, to a lesser extent, human capital. We also include fishery stock as part of natural capital, and we find that only a few countries have increased their fishery capital in the studied period. Inclusive wealth has typically grown much less than GDP per capita and does not resemble change in other development indices. Globally aggregated produced and human capital per capita increased 94&#37; and 28&#37;, respectively, while natural capital per capita declined by 34&#37;. In 2014, produced, human, and natural capital account for 24&#37;, 64&#37;, and 11&#37;, respectively, which is similar to the recent findings by the World Bank. In addition, inclusive wealth is approximately 12 times GDP on average, much higher than conventional wealth-income ratios globally, and is at least at par with those ratios in high-income countries under financialization.

DOI： 10.1007/s12076-019-00229-x

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：その他  

Energy-carbon performance and its changing trend: An example from China's construction industry

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.014

記述言語：日本語  

農林業の生態系サービスと自然資本のグローバル分析

記述言語：日本語  

日本における森林生態系サービスの経済評価

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.frl.2019.02.003

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. We analyse subjective experiences of energy poverty to address the limitations of existing observable indicators as evidence for policy. We investigate the linkage between self-reported energy affordability and life satisfaction, health and economic inequality. A large-scale survey of 100,956 respondents across 37 nations shows that energy affordability concerns individuals in both developing and developed nations. Self-reported (perceived) values do not necessarily follow previous research and vary according to regional, economic, development and cultural factors. Contrasting this evidence with national-level data, such as healthy life expectancy and government spending on health and welfare, we identify associations between self-reported outcomes, income levels and national policy. Although national welfare spending can reduce the perceived economic gap, high income is not necessarily associated with better perceived satisfaction, health or economic outcomes. Enhancing energy access may lead to improved health outcomes in the most marginalized nations; however, lifestyle and cultural factors also play a role. Although the outcomes of less-developed nations can likely improve through development aid from more-developed nations, our results show that cultural and other factors underpin satisfaction in developing nations, which experience comparatively poorer life satisfaction. We identified that some nations had superior outcomes for health and life satisfaction despite lower income levels. This highlights the need for further research to uncover non-income-based factors that underlie life satisfaction and health, such as community connectedness or familial factors.

DOI： 10.1038/s41893-019-0303-5

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The notion of tradable allowance schemes for biodiversity conservation (conservation banking) has been drawing attention and the number of such schemes has been increasing over the past few decades. An increase in the number of schemes increases the need for institutional designs that incorporate inter-regional or inter-scheme trading; however, this may be difficult because of the heterogeneity of biodiversity and the variation in evaluation methodologies. Focusing on the role of environmental traders as mediators, this study considers inter-scheme or inter-regional transactions of credits experimentally and explores the possibility that mediators simultaneously encourage efficiency and conservation. Experimental results suggest that environmental traders behave as theoretically predicted and enhance efficiency by exporting credits from areas with a higher environmental biodiversity value to those with a lower value. Our results highlight the importance of institutional frameworks in allowing market mechanisms to work effectively under conservation banking schemes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2019.02.002

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. The natural capital (NC) of India and its management system are essential conditions of the welfare path to the sustainable development of the country. We conduct an accounting process for India's NC to measure sustainability to ensure that future generations will have the equal total wealth per capita accessible to them as that available to the present generation. We then describe the combination of the renewable and non-renewable NC that is relevant within the concepts of welfare and sustainability. First, we note that India has successful forestation, which has enhanced welfare for its residents. However, the other renewables (e.g., cropland, fishery) and non-renewables (e.g., fossil fuels, minerals) are continuously degraded as a result of economic development and population growth. Second, we discuss the correlation between sustainable resource management and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and explain the importance of considering these factors to achieve green growth. Third, to provide practitioners with useful information on how to promote PEB and to discover the determinants of PEB, we analyze the survey data of 5,200 respondents from all Indian states. We identify that environmental knowledge is an important determinant of individuals’ PEB in India. In the policy analysis, we evaluate the challenges to achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) using NC accounting in India. We recommend several policy implications to maintain NC at a sustainable level and to achieve SDGs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.02.027

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Efforts to reduce carbon dioxide (CO
₂
) emissions remain elusive due to the strong correlation with economic development. The progress of economic development therefore needs to be assessed by considering the harmful effects of CO
₂
emissions as a loss of intergenerational well-being. This has been the motivation behind the development of the inclusive wealth (IW) index, which is proposed as a viable alternative to the conventional gross domestic product for tracking the progress towards the well-being of a nation. By using nonparametric machine learning methods, this study aims to explore the impact of CO
₂
emission reduction on well-being under the IW framework via three different energy pathways, namely, the supply, mix and efficiency pathways, involving 105 countries from 1992 to 2014. Results showed that the lowest growth in global CO
₂
emissions was projected by the efficiency scenario, which forecasted an increase by 2040 of 15.12% relative to the 2014 level. However, this scenario might lead to a potential loss in future well-being by up to 0.3%, compared to the two other scenarios. These findings suggest that the commitment to CO
₂
emission reduction needs to be evaluated cautiously by considering its impact on intergenerational well-being, particularly for developing economies. In contrast, high-income economies were encouraged to set up a more ambitious target of CO
₂
emission reduction since doing so would also lead to a potential increase of their intergenerational well-being. This study verifies a robust link between sustainable development and CO
₂
emission mitigation scenarios, which is essential for promoting future climate actions.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.113

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/257/1/012032

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2019.04.001

記述言語：その他  

Green bonds for the Paris agreement and sustainable development goals

DOI： 10.1088/1748-9326/ab1118

記述言語：その他  

Are carbon dioxide emission reductions compatible with sustainable well-being?

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.113

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：その他  

How does information and communication technology capital affect productivity in the energy sector? New evidence from 14 countries, considering the transition to renewable energy systems

DOI： 10.3390/en12091786

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.3370/lca.15.144

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Our review of worldwide nuclear accident data shows Japan has had more nuclear accidents of greater severity than other countries. Cultural and geological factors likely combined to increase the severity of accidents, while policies designed to incentivize expansion of the reactor fleet likely increased the consequences of accidents. Cost estimates for the Fukushima disaster have doubled to $220 billion, and a literature review indicates total accident costs could exceed $500 billion. Indirect costs could increase that amount even more. To mitigate risk of future accidents, Japan could consider constructing a new fleet of 25 highly advanced reactors and require plant owners to establish set-asides to pay for future accidents in much the same way banks set aside funds to cover loan losses. This would build a profit motive into improving safety protocols and incentivize businesses to foster a stronger safety culture. At the same time, Japan might increase investments in clean fuels, such as hydrogen, to ensure it has feasible alternatives for successfully achieving safe, economically viable, and secure forms of energy.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.052

記述言語：その他  

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Gross domestic product (GDP) has been inappropriately used as the main indicator for assessing the sustainability of economic development for a long time. Inclusive wealth (IW) offers a new approach to assess sustainability by comprehensively measuring the productive base of the economy that involves three types of capital assets of nations (produced, human and natural capital), and aggregates them into a single measure of wealth. This study proposes an alternative to the literature on the conventional energy – growth nexus that widely uses GDP as a proxy of the growth. This study aims to investigate the impact of energy consumption on wealth in the IW framework and forecast the growth of IW over the next three decades. For this purpose, this study uses both parametric and non-parametric analyses on 104 countries for 1993–2014. Our results indicate that there is a negative and significant impact of energy consumption on IW growth, suggesting an unsustainable pattern of world energy consumption. Using a machine learning technique, it is forecasted that increasing the efficiency of energy consumption leads to a higher growth in average per capita IW. This study also suggests that a shift to renewables is a precondition for sustainable development.

DOI： 10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.044

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.02.004

記述言語：日本語  

Eco‐DRR導入時の経済的効果に関する研究

記述言語：日本語  

Analysis of Household Energy Consumption Using Cohort Data

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.026

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2018.10.002

記述言語：その他  

© 2018, Economic Science Association. A marketable permit system (MPS) has been suggested as a solution to environmental problems. Although the properties of MPSs under non-trader settings, in which each player is exclusively either a seller or a buyer, are well documented, little research has explored how MPSs perform under trader settings, in which each player can be both a seller and a buyer. We institute two auctions of trader settings in MPS experiments: a double auction (DA) and a uniform price auction (UPA). We then evaluate and compare their performances both with each other and with those under non-trader settings. The main results are as follows: DAs under trader settings perform much worse than do DAs under non-trader settings, whereas UPAs perform well, regardless of the trader and non-trader settings. UPAs are more efficient and generate more stable prices than do DAs under trader settings, and a considerable proportion of trades in DAs under trader settings consist of “flips” that could be considered speculation or errors. Thus, UPAs are likely to work better than DAs under trader settings.

DOI： 10.1007/s10683-018-9585-0

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The adoption of renewable energy technologies in developing nations is recognized to have positive environmental impacts; however, what are their effects on the electricity supply chain workers? This article provides a quantitative analysis on this question through a relatively new framework called social life cycle assessment, taking Malaysia as a case example. Impact assessments by the authors show that electricity from renewables has greater adverse impacts on supply chain workers than the conventional electricity mix: Electricity production with biomass requires 127&#37; longer labor hours per unit-electricity under the risk of human rights violations, while the solar photovoltaic requires 95&#37; longer labor hours per unit-electricity. However, our assessment also indicates that renewables have less impacts per dollar-spent. In fact, the impact of solar photovoltaic would be 60&#37; less than the conventional mix when it attains grid parity. The answer of “are renewables as friendly to humans as to the environment?” is “not-yet, but eventually.”

DOI： 10.3390/su11051370

記述言語：その他  

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Japan&#039;s laws to promote nuclear power, including the Dengen Sampo (the Three Electric Power Laws), have accelerated nuclear reactor construction via subsidies, grants, and other incentives. These laws also have had the perverse effects of discouraging promotion of safety as the highest priority, with consequences that can be seen in the Fukushima nuclear disaster. If the government decides to restart a portion of the reactor fleet, experience indicates that another serious nuclear accident could be expected again. Accidents, in effect, represent a recurring cost which should be built into business plans. Although improvements in reliability and safety will certainly be made, legislation alone cannot guarantee that these actions will create a culture of safety. Inevitably, the complex systems associated with nuclear reactors and the overwhelming influence of corporate officers who are focused on cutting costs in the near-term will make safety improvement an uphill battle. These factors are symptomatic of a worldwide nuclear industry that views safety as a cost to be managed. Unless the industry is incentivized to consider safety improvements as a source of greater profits in the long-term, the industry will continue to have a mindset of negligence toward safety.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.038

記述言語：その他  

© 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC Hydrogen as an energy carrier allows the decarbonization of transport, industry, and space heating as well as storage for intermittent renewable energy. The objective of this paper is to assess the future engineering potential for hydrogen and provide insight to areas of research to help lower economic barriers for hydrogen adoption. This assessment was accomplished by creating top-level system models based on energy requirements for end-use services. Those models were used to investigate four case studies that provide a global view augmented with specific national examples. The first case study assesses the potential penetration of hydrogen using a global energy system model. The second applies the dynamic integrated climate–ecosystem–economics model to derive an estimate of the impact of the diffusion of hydrogen as an energy carrier. The third determines the required growth in renewable power and water usage to power transportation in the United States (US) with hydrogen. The fourth assesses the use of hydrogen for heating in the United Kingdom (UK). In all cases, there appeared to be significant potential for hydrogen adoption and net energetic benefit. Globally, hydrogen has the potential to account for approximately 3&#37; of energy consumption by 2050. In the US, using hydrogen for on-road transportation could enable a reduction in rejected energy of nearly 10&#37;. Also, hydrogen might provide the least cost alternative to decarbonizing space heating in the UK. The research highlights a challenge raised by widespread abandonment of nuclear power. It is currently unclear what the removal of nuclear would do to the cost of energy as nations attempt to limit global greenhouse gas emissions. Nuclear power has also been proposed as a source for large scale production of hydrogen. Finally, this analysis shows that with today's technological maturity making the transition to a hydrogen economy would incur significant costs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.168

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. A reduction in tariff barriers facilitates the relocation of factories to countries with less stringent environmental regulations. There has been rapid growth in the transfer of emissions from developing to developed countries through international trade over the last 30 years. However, almost all countries still maintain their tariff barriers, and these tariffs limit the potential to increase carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions transfers. This paper aims to examine the impact of tariff reduction on the CO 2 embodiment associated with the imports of the group of twenty (G20) countries. The econometric analysis uses disaggregated tariff data and CO 2 embodied emissions data from 1990 to 2013. The findings reveal that a 1&#37; tariff cut by G20 countries for mining gas, manufactured machinery, metal, and other mining imports would result in 2779, 1747, 1453, and 1018 tons of CO 2 emissions, respectively. We show that a tariff cut would increase the embodied CO 2 emissions significantly for most of the manufacturing and mining sectors. Here, we find there is a 3.5&#37;-232.2&#37; growth potential of CO 2 emissions embodied in imports, depending on whether G20 countries abolish tariff barriers. This scenario makes it difficult to achieve national emissions reduction targets and to implement national environmental policy.

DOI： 10.1088/1748-9326/aaf688

記述言語：日本語  

環境・経済・社会の統合的向上:SDGsと新国富指標の活用

記述言語：その他  

© 2018, The Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. Particle processing is a key to using solid particles in fuel cell applications. Selectivity with regard to reactivity, impurities, etc. is an important feature and the treatment of particle surfaces could greatly impact the performance of direct carbon fuel cells. Solid fuel particles will become increasingly important in the future. Present energy conversion systems for solid fuels are too inefficient. New energy conversion systems for solid fuels with higher energy conversion efficiencies are possible. Fuel cell technology is a key technology in these new conversion systems. The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) operates on carbon particles obtained from a variety of solid fuel feedstocks. The DCFC is the only fuel cell designed to directly oxidize carbon particles in a special anode chamber. The particles are generally graphite structure with high purity. The electrolyte used is the high temperature solid oxide, molten carbonate, or hydroxide electrolyte. Since a pure stream of CO2 is produced, the stream can easily be sequestered and disposed. Pure carbon dioxide produced as a by-product would also have a market in many industries. A well-defined technology roadmap identifying key research and development (R&D) issues is necessary to provide a framework for the development of these systems and to prevent entrenchment in inherently inefficient technologies. This review paper describes the direct carbon fuel cell and its system, how it works, the developmental status, the characteristics of the carbon particles needed, and the research and development issues for the technology.

DOI： 10.1007/s42461-018-0022-x

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.trd.2019.01.012

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：その他  

© 2018 The Authors Attaching weights to the list of capital assets is crucial in inclusive wealth accounting and sustainability assessments. These weights, or shadow prices, can be constructed in theory by looking prospectively at future social profits that the capital in question is expected to yield. In practice, however, both backward- and forward-looking shadow prices are used. This study confirms that these two approaches are theoretically equivalent under strong assumptions and reviews how and why the two approaches are taken. The two approaches are then applied to renewable energy capital (REC), which has rarely been done in either produced or natural capital accounting and sustainability assessments. Renewable energy capital provides an ideal example with which to compare the two approaches, as it is a class of produced capital that substitutes both produced and natural capital. The numerical results of both approaches demonstrate that renewable energy capital starts to account for as large a share as natural capital does, if not produced capital or inclusive wealth, in those countries where natural capital is poorly endowed and investment in renewable energy capital has been witnessed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.09.020

記述言語：その他  

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Sustainable green technology is an important contributor to creating a sustainable society by simultaneously promoting environmental protection and economic development. This study examines the determinants of sustainable green technology invention in China, with a focus on the differences in green technology development priorities in each five-year plan period. This study uses patent publication data in a patent decomposition analysis framework. We find that sustainable green patent publications increased due to efficiency improvements, the prioritization of sustainable green patents, an increased R&D expenditure share and economic growth, especially during periods of gradual economic development in China. Additionally, we find that the relative priority of R&D shifted from renewable energy technology to pollution abatement and other sustainable green technology in the 12th five-year plan. The different R&D priority trends for sustainable green technologies among the five-year plans can be used to formulate effective policies that promote sustainable green technology invention.

DOI： 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.11.013

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：その他  

Copyright © 2019 by SME. Particle processing is a key to using solid particles in fuel cell applications. Selectivity with regard to reactivity, impurities, etc. is important feature and the treatment of particle surfaces could greatly impact the performance of direct carbon fuel cells. Solid fuel particles will become increasingly important in the future. Present energy conversion systems for solid fuels are too inefficient. New energy conversion systems for solid fuels with higher energy conversion efficiencies are possible. Fuel cell technology is a key-technology in these new conversion systems. The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) operates on carbon particles obtained from a variety of solid fuel feedstocks. The DCFC is the only fuel cell designed to directly oxidize carbon particles in a special anode chamber. The particles are generally graphite structure with high purity. The electrolyte used is the high temperature solid oxide, molten carbonate or hydroxide electrolyte. Since a pure stream of CO2 is produced the stream can easily be sequestered and disposed. Pure carbon dioxide produced as a by-product would also have a market in many industries. A well-defined technology roadmap identifying key research and development (R&D) issues is necessary to provide a framework for the development of these systems and to prevent entrenchment in inherently inefficient technologies. This review paper describes the direct carbon fuel cell and its system, how it works, the developmental status, the characteristics of the carbon particles needed, and the research and development issues for the technology.

記述言語：その他  

© 2018, Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature. Literatures on sustainability have developed dramatically over recent decades. These literatures have not only added an enormous number of dimensions, but also have challenged researchers to be able to conduct a comprehensive analysis of sustainability. The excessive use of natural capital (NC) might cause a decrease in sustainability. Depleting a type of NC and substituting it with another form of NC or with produced capital is not sustainable in the strong sense. In this review, we have focused on the importance of NC and ecosystem preservations for sustainable development. We value the NC of 140 nations by adopting the inclusive wealth approach. We also notice the impact of climate change and natural disaster on different geographic regions in the assessment of NC.

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-018-0597-7

記述言語：その他  

© 2018 When extreme weather events occur, people often turn to social media platforms to share information, opinions and experiences. One of the topics commonly discussed is the role climate change may or may not have played in influencing an event. Here, we examine Twitter posts that mentioned climate change in the context of three high-magnitude extreme weather events – Hurricane Irene, Hurricane Sandy and Snowstorm Jonas – in order to assess how the framing of the topic and the attention paid to it can vary between events. We also examine the role that contextual factors can play in shaping climate change coverage on the platform. We find that criticism of climate change denial dominated during Irene, while political and ideological struggle frames dominated during Sandy. Discourse during Jonas was, in contrast, more divided between posts about the scientific links between climate change and the events, and posts contesting climate science in general. The focus on political and ideological struggle frames during Sandy reflects the event&#039;s occurrence at a time when the Occupy movement was active and the 2012 US Presidential Election was nearing. These factors, we suggest, could also contribute to climate change being a more prominent discussion point during Sandy than during Irene or Jonas. The Jonas frames, meanwhile, hint at lesser public understanding of how climate change may influence cold weather events when compared with tropical storms. Overall, our findings demonstrate how event characteristics and short-term socio-political context can play a critical role in determining the lenses through which climate change is viewed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.11.004

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study compares the shadow price (marginal cost) and shadow value (total cost) of patent stock (as knowledge stock) in each of 92 countries between 1992 and 2010. Two specifications are considered in the data envelopment analysis approach. One specification considers population, capital, patent stock, energy use (four inputs), greenhouse gas (undesirable output), and gross domestic product (desirable output). The other uses human capital and natural capital instead of population and energy use. Under these two specifications, respectively, the shadow price of the patent stock (on weighted average) for the whole period is −0.106 and −0.054 million US dollars per patent in the entire sample. Similarly, the shadow value of the patent stock (by the ratio of gross domestic product) in the entire sample is −5.8% and −2.9%, respectively. As the standing position of patent stock, the patent stock is less valuable than human capital and (produced) capital but more valuable than population, energy use, and natural capital. The patent stock also is likely to be valuable in developing countries. In addition, the shadow value of the patent stock is relatively high in certain large countries and nearly flat in most of the countries.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2018.09.001

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

Pigovian tax and urban land use policy in consideration of energy consumption and traffic congestion

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Rapid environmental degradation is a well-publicized issue, particularly in rapidly developing countries. This study examines the impact of air pollution and green coverage on people's subjective well-being (SWB) in China using self-reported life satisfaction (LS) from survey data combined with the city-level air quality index (AQI) and green coverage data. The results show that air pollution and green coverage are significantly negatively and positively correlated with LS, respectively. The total effect of green coverage on life satisfaction constitute of a direct effect of green space itself and indirect effects through improving air pollution and health. The implicit monetary valuations of a 1-unit reduction in the AQI and a 1% increase in green coverage according to the respondent's annual gross individual income are approximately 239–280 USD (1.7%–2.0%) and 420–444 USD (3.0%–3.2%), respectively. The results also indicate that the average benefit from a 1% change in green coverage for people with a poor subjective health evaluation is almost 2 times higher than that for their counterparts.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.04.033

記述言語：その他  

Measuring long-term sustainability with shared socioeconomic pathways using an inclusive wealth framework

DOI： 10.1002/sd.1722

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Increasing the efficiency of the household sector's energy consumption plays a significant role in reducing CO₂ emissions, particularly for Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country. However, there is a lack of analytical studies on the driving forces of emissions from the household sector in Indonesia, including the contribution of one of the world's largest efforts to promote a cleaner cooking fuel program. We intend to examine the characteristics of the Indonesian energy matrix and its evolution in the household sector alongside the impact of kerosene to the Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) conversion program to the Indonesian emissions change in the sector. We also investigate the underlying determinant of emissions change, both directly and indirectly, from household energy consumption in Indonesia from 2000 to 2015. For this purpose, we conduct the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis. We found that population and income led to increases of both direct and indirect energy emission, while the impact of energy intensity was the opposite. The fuel mix and carbon intensity effect, which reflects the conversion of kerosene to LPG, contributes to reducing direct emissions with limited effect. High share growth of coal in electricity generation led to increasing indirect emissions for the period. Our findings have important policy implications, particularly for increasing the share of new and renewable energy in the national energy mix and for intensifying energy efficiency in the household sector.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.051

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1088/1757-899x/403/1/012005

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1088/1757-899x/403/1/012018

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Energy infrastructure and their impacts on societies’ capital assets: A hybrid simulation approach to inclusive wealth
Measuring how energy policy affects intergenerational well-being is a problematic task policymakers face. There is a compelling need for a comprehensive evaluation criterion that is versatile enough to allow for exploring different possibilities and options. The inclusive wealth framework is a suitable tool for such a task, as it accounts for the changes in the three major capital assets –produced, human, and natural- that compose a nation's wealth. Here, we apply the inclusive wealth framework within a hybrid simulation model to evaluate energy infrastructure projects in terms of their impacts on different capital assets. We chose hybrid simulation as a technique that allows for a better realization of technologies, as well the economy as a whole. The developed model is generalized and can be applied to different economies as well as all types of energy projects. In addition to accounting for the capital assets, we also account for CO2 damages and health capital. We provide the simulation for different proposed projects representing different fuel cycles in Belgium and Egypt. The results show how the model can be used to demonstrate the changes brought to wealth by the different projects and how policymakers can change policies to make wealth take more favorable tracks.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.05.070

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study theoretically and empirically examines how resource prices are affected when firms in resource-importing countries acquire mineral resources. The study's theoretical examination considers a simple, two-period model that demonstrates how firms acquiring mineral resources may raise either present or future resource prices. This finding implies that resource consumption in either period may decline. Strategic behavior of resource-mining firms, demand for final goods, and extraction costs play key roles in this examination. Using a dynamic panel model with oil price data, the study's empirical portion estimates how acquiring resources affects the price of oil. Results demonstrate that prices in the present period rise, and prices in future periods decline.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.03.016

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper explores the effects of economic growth, urbanization, industry, and trade openness on coal consumption in Indonesia over the period 1970–2015. To closely adhere to the Environmental Kuznets curve narratives, we consider coal consumption which has been scarcely explored in the EKC debate, as a proxy of environmental pressure. We estimate the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method and confirm that the variables are cointegrated for long run linkage with the presence of structural breaks. The empirical evidence showed that economic growth, urbanization and trade openness increase coal consumption while decreasing share of secondary industry reduce it. We also verify the existence of environmental Kuznets curve. Having a vital role in the energy mix, Indonesia needs to restrain excessive coal consumption to enhance environmental quality. Our results also imply urbanization and trade openness are crucial factors on coal consumption. Consequently, it should be taken into consideration in energy policy-making process, such as energy conservation policies in the residential sector and prioritize foreign investment which brings cutting-edge coal technologies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.07.023

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2018 This study analyzed the relationship between urban CO2 emissions and economic growth applying the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The objective of this study is to investigate how urban CO2 emissions and their composition have changed with urban economic growth, depending on city characteristics, using a dataset of metropolitan areas. We obtained data for 276 cities in 26 countries for the years 2000, 2005, and 2008. The dataset includes urban CO2 emissions, GDP, and population. Additionally, data regarding compact city variables are applied to determinants analysis using an econometric approach. The results demonstrate an inverted U-shape relationship between urban CO2 emissions and urban economic growth. Additionally, an inverted U-shape relationship is observed for the transport and residential & industry sectors. However, the turning points of each inverted U-shape curve varies. This result implies that we can better understand urban policies for reducing urban CO2 emissions by considering the characteristics of each sector.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.158

記述言語：その他  

Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Indonesia: An Assessment ^*

DOI： 10.1080/00074918.2018.1450962

記述言語：日本語  

新国富論,新たな経済指標による地方創生論

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper explores inclusive wealth (IW) index using visual interfaces, which provide better economic interpretation. Two views are provided for the visual representation: a cluster view and a timeline view. Among all variables of IW data we focus on three: natural capital, inclusive wealth and air pollution. Our IW data exploration starts with the task of illustrating the distribution of air pollution and wealth among different geographical regions and among regions of different economic growth over the 25-year period 1990–2014. Furthermore, we aim at the assessment of variation of natural capital across the years of study. We use different data visualization techniques to capture the multi-layer nature of IW data, to represent parts of the global multi-region multi-country dataset.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2018.06.005

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between corporate efficiency and corporate sustainability to determine whether firms concerned about environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues can also be efficient and profitable. We applied data envelopment analysis to estimate corporate efficiency and investigated the nonlinear relationship between corporate efficiency and ESG disclosure. Evidence shows that corporate transparency regarding ESG information has a positive association with corporate efficiency at the moderate disclosure level, rather than at the high or low disclosure level. Governance information disclosure has the strongest positive linkage with corporate efficiency, followed by social and environmental information disclosure. Moreover, we explored the relationship between particular ESG activities and corporate financial performance (CFP), including corporate efficiency, return on assets, and market value. We found that most of the ESG activities reveal a nonnegative relationship with CFP. These findings may provide evidence about voluntary corporate social responsibility strategy choices for enhancing corporate sustainability.

DOI： 10.1002/bse.2224

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Measuring air polluters’ responsibility in transboundary pollution networks
This study proposes a new method of graph computing for environmental economics. We apply a weighted graph model that reproduces the structure of SOx emission–deposition tables. Our data apply scientific and technical data on emissions, atmospheric processes, and effects on the environment of sulfur oxides from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe. Our graph metrics consider both the activity and the amount of pollution for each polluter. The results show the contribution of oxidized sulfur emitted from one country and deposited to another. The most influential node of the country-to-country blame network is tracked using indicators of centrality. Exploring options and metrics for ranking the blame for SOx pollutants, we depict the degree of the responsibility for SOx depositions in EU countries graphically.

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-017-0208-3

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.03.020

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Using human (HC), natural (NC), and produced (PC) capital from Inclusive Wealth as representatives of the triple bottom line of sustainability and utilizing elements of network science, we introduce a Network-based Frequency Analysis (NFA) method to track sustainable development in world countries from 1990 to 2014. The method compares every country with every other and links them when values are close. The country with the most links becomes the main trend, and the performance of every other country is assessed based on its ‘orbital’ distance from the main trend. Orbital speeds are then calculated to evaluate country-specific dynamic trends. Overall, we find an optimistic trend for HC only, indicating positive impacts of global initiatives aiming towards socio-economic development in developing countries like the Millennium Development Goals and ‘Agenda 21’. However, we also find that the relative performance of most countries has not changed significantly in this period, regardless of their gradual development. Specifically, we measure a decrease in produced and natural capital for most countries, despite an increase in GDP, suggesting unsustainable development. Furthermore, we develop a technique to cluster countries and project the results to 2050, and we find a significant decrease in NC for nearly all countries, suggesting an alarming depletion of natural resources worldwide.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.070

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI：  https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejer.74.79

記述言語：日本語  

Inclusive Wealth Index and Policy Decision

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study is the first to apply a decomposition framework to clarify the determinants of AI technology invention. Consisting of 13,567 AI technology patents for the 2000–2016 period, our worldwide dataset includes patent publication data from the U.S., Japan, China, Europe, and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). We find that priority has shifted from biological and knowledge-based models to specific mathematical models and other AI technologies, particularly in the U.S. and Japan. Our technology type and country comparison shows that the characteristics of AI technology patent publication differ among companies and countries.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.12.006

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) model of post-harvest handling: the case of Kenya’s rice processing industry
Food security is a global challenge. With rising world population and demand for food being compounded by resource and arable land constraints, raising the efficiency of food production and use has become increasingly important. While much of the research on food security is focused on farm efficiency and productivity, most neglect post-harvest (PH) handling which is critical in determining the availability of food. In this study, we employ the network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to evaluate the PH efficiency of milling, using data from Kenya’s rice processing industry. The results show lower efficiency scores when using a network DEA model, which reflects its greater discriminatory power when compared to the standard DEA approach. The study also quantified sources of productive efficiency using a fractional regression model and identified storage space and distance to market as having an impact on drying efficiency
while experience, age of mill, servicing and energy type influenced milling efficiency. The results suggest that policy makers should focus on investing in drying technologies and storage facilities to improve drying efficiency. To improve milling efficiency, policy recommendations include enhancing millers’ access to better technologies, investing in reliable sources of energy and providing PH handling workshops to reduce PH losses.

DOI： 10.1007/s12571-018-0809-0

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper examines the impact of variability in impact of air pollution on life satisfaction (LS). Previous studies have shown robust negative impact of air pollution on subjective well-being (SWB). However, empirical studies that consider variability in air pollution effects through comparative city study are limited. This study provides comparative evaluation of two major Chinese cities: Beijing and Shanghai. We apply a geo-statistical spatial interpolation technique on pollution data from monitoring sites to estimate the Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), coarse particles with a diameter between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM10) and fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) pollution exposure of respondents of a survey conducted in 2016. The results show that all pollutants have robust negative impacts on LS for Beijing residents, whereas only SO2 and NO2 have significant negative impacts on LS for Shanghai residents
Per unit impact of SO2 is greater in Shanghai, and that of NO2 is greater in Beijing. Beijing and Shanghai residents have almost same monetary valuation for SO2 reduction but Beijing residents place approximately 1.5 times valuation on NO2 reduction compared to Shanghai residents. Moreover, the LS of Beijing residents is sensitive to temporal changes in the pollution level, whereas Shanghai residents are unaffected by such changes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.018

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper evaluates whether future societal trajectories for Japan will occur along sustainable pathways. This work first provides future scenarios for different regions in Japan based on shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Then, we project the inclusive wealth index (IWI) under different future scenarios for 2015–2100. We find that future Japan retains sustainability under all SSPs in 2100 through a comparison with the level of wealth in 2010. However, the trends of IWI per capita are U-shaped, and different regions in Japan will face difficulties caused by unsustainability in the early stages. We also investigate subjective well-being in these projections. Surprisingly, we observe an increase in the well-being index under all SSPs except for SSP5, which focused on promoting economic growth and not on conserving biodiversity. This study provides a framework for evaluating the sustainability of regions, and many indicators are captured in a single index.

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-018-0589-7

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Students’ career paths in Japan have greatly changed due to macroeconomic factors and the fact that young people are increasingly opting not to participate in the labor force. The need to provide education fostering motivation and qualities required for students’ future social and vocational independence has emerged. The government-promoted career education policies have become established as one of the pillars of youth employment policy. This study explored the effects of career policies in school settings by identifying graduates’ earning capacity (annual income) through an online survey followed by quantitative analysis of the results. We report the evaluation of career policies by respondents, and then measure the effects of these policies on both labor participation and income. Although the specific program we focused on did not show clear effects, career education policies in general, and daily activities in elementary and middle schools affect graduates’ incomes. We also identify other key attributes that influence income.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.12.007

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study shows the monetary value of greenery in Tokyo by type, based on the relationship between greenery types and well-being indices. We use multiple measures to measure well-being, including the Cantril ladder, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, affect balance, and mental health, as each of these measures may capture a different aspect of well-being. We utilize QuickBird satellite images with a pixel resolution of 61 cm, which have not been used in previous studies. This allows us to extract greenery data at the tree level, which is a method we expect to contribute to a more reliable evaluation of greenery. Our estimation results show that the valuations of greenery change depending on the choice of index used to measure well-being and the type of greenery.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.02.014

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Determining the optimal combination of mitigation and adaptation investments is an important topic in policy making to combat climate change. Some analytical results on the relationship between the optimal ratio of adaptation to mitigation and development level have been reported in the literature. In this article, we examine this relationship in greater detail using a simple model with general return functional forms and analytically show that the relationship can take various forms. The results suggest a desirable design of empirical studies on adaptation measures. In addition, the insights obtained in the simple model are useful to understand more complicated models.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.103

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.04.001

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2018 by the authors. Water is the most important input for agricultural production. Smallholder agriculture in Bangladesh is highly dependent on the natural water supply and is prone to water risks. Farmers in Bangladesh are facing major challenges from flooding, arsenic contamination, and other water stress. This research aims to understand how smallholder agriculture in Bangladesh adapts to the multiple water risks by crop selection. By using the panel data model, we identify that crop selection is a sustainable tool to adapt to the water risks in Bangladesh. Flood risk guides farmers to cultivate flood-tolerant monsoon season rice, wheat, and sugarcane in the high-risk areas. Natural arsenic contamination stops them from producing rice in the arsenic contaminated land to avoid the grain toxicity effect on human health. Extreme rainfall and temperature events also influence the crop selection decision. These crop choice techniques reduce the crop damages in smallholder agriculture in Bangladesh.

DOI： 10.3390/su10061734

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Urban multiple land use change (LUC) modelling enables the realistic simulation of LUC processes in complex urban systems
however, such modelling suffers from technical challenges posed by complicated transition rules and high spatial heterogeneity when predicting the LUC of a highly developed area. Tree-based methods are powerful tools for addressing this task, but their predictive capabilities need further examination. This study integrates tree-based methods and cellular automata to simulate multiple LUC processes in the Greater Tokyo Area. We examine the predictive capability of 4 tree-based models–bagged trees, random forests, extremely randomised trees (ERT) and bagged gradient boosting decision trees (bagged GBDT)–on transition probability prediction for 18 land use transitions derived from 8 land use types. We compare the predictive power of a tree-based model with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and among themselves. The results show that tree-based models generally perform better than MLP, and ERT significantly outperforms the three other tree-based models. The outstanding predictive performance of ERT demonstrates the advantages of introducing bagging ensemble and a high degree of randomisation into transition probability modelling. In addition, through variable importance evaluation, we found the strongest explanatory powers of neighbourhood characteristics for all land use transitions
however, the size of the impacts depends on the neighbourhood land use type and the neighbourhood size. Furthermore, socio-economic and policy factors play important roles in transitions ending with high-rise buildings and transitions related to industrial areas.

DOI： 10.1080/13658816.2017.1410550

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Wildlife conservation is an important part of environmental policy
in the case of whales, we must consider the balance between two uses: whaling and whale watching. This study provides an economic valuation of whale conservation using stated-preference choice experiment data collected from anti-whaling populations in Australia and Japan. Using a mixed logit model, we find higher economic valuation for a ban on whaling than for conventional protection actions in Australia. Despite the popularity of whale watching, limiting protections for species that are observed during whale-watching tours do not necessarily increase valuation. In contrast, we do not find a policy favored among the anti-whaling Japanese, who are in the minority and are significantly different from the general population in socio-demographic terms. Nonetheless, protection focusing on endangered whales is utility increasing for both countries. Overall, the results show a significant difference even among the anti-whaling populations of the two countries, suggesting a high bar for reaching international consensus over whaling. Lastly, the results from a latent class model also suggest that the level of demand for whale conservation in Japan could match the Australian level by proclaiming the importance of conserving endangered species and providing information on whales.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.12.002

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1504/IJISD.2018.091522

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Psychological influences affect the way people value the environment. However, traditional economic valuation models often do not account for how people are asked about valuing the environment. We examined how valuations by Nepalese farmers differ based on how the questions are asked and which incentives are provided. In a face-to-face choice experiment, incentive receivers spent more time than incentive non-receivers answering the survey, but were not more likely to choose a status quo option. Prepaid survey incentives had minimal effect on the stated welfare measures. The results suggest that prepaid incentives increase response rates, but do not increase welfare estimates. The findings also strengthen the methodological validity of our results, which indicated that farmers are willing to pay a substantial amount to secure climate change adaptation benefits on their land.

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-017-0195-4

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：その他  

This study applies recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which are known for its<br />
ability to process sequential information, to model the spatio-temporal<br />
dynamics of land use change (LUC) and to forecast annual land use maps of the<br />
city of Tsukuba, Japan. We develop two categories of RNN models: 1) simple RNN,<br />
which is the basic RNN variant, 2) three RNN variants with advanced gated<br />
architecture: long short-term memory (LSTM), LSTM with peephole connection<br />
(LSTM-peephole), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models. The four models are<br />
developed using spatio-temporal data with high temporal resolution, annual data<br />
for the periods 2000 to 2010, 2011 and 2012 to 2016 are used for training,<br />
validation and testing, respectively. The predictive performances are evaluated<br />
using classification metrics (accuracy and F1 score) and the map comparison<br />
metrics (Kappa simulation and fuzzy Kappa simulation). The results show that<br />
all RNN models achieve F1 scores higher than 0.55, and Kappa simulations higher<br />
than 0.47. Out of the four RNN models, LSTM and LSTM-peephole models<br />
significantly outperform the other two RNN models. Furthermore, LSTM-peephole<br />
model slightly outperforms the LSTM model. In addition, the results indicate<br />
that the RNN models with gated architecture, which have better ability to model<br />
longer temporal dependency, significantly outperform the simple RNN model.<br />
Moreover, the predictive performance of LSTM-peephole model gradually decreases<br />
with the decrease of temporal sequential length of the training set. These<br />
results demonstrate the benefit of taking temporal dependency into account to<br />
model the LUC process with RNNs.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Development Level and Optimal Mixture of Adaptation and Mitigation Investments

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.103

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Sustainability can be assessed by non-declining inclusive wealth, which refers to man-made capital, human capital, natural capital, and all other types of capital that are sources of human well-being. As the previous studies—including Arrow et al. (J Econ Perspect 18(3):147–172, 2004) and the Inclusive Wealth Report (2012 and 2014)—suggest, total factor productivity (TFP) is one determinant of inclusive wealth, because it is related to the resource allocation mechanism. TFP is one important component of sustainability. When considering the contribution of TFP toward inclusive wealth, attention needs to be paid to the improvement in the usage of human and natural capital as well as the traditional man-made capital. However, in the previous studies, only man-made capital and labor force have been considered. This study extends current measures of sustainability by capturing the efficient utilization of natural resources, giving us inclusive wealth-based TFP. Therefore, in contrast to conventional TFP measures, we consider both human and natural capital in addition to man-made capital. We examine 43 countries and find that a new indicator which asserts countries previously considered sustainable by earlier studies such as Arrow et al. (J Econ Perspect 18(3):147–172, 2004) as no longer sustainable.

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-018-0213-1

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-018-0025-6

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

With the Millennium Development Goal focusing on the eradication of poverty in developing countries expiring in 2015, the international focus is shifting toward sustainable development. The sustainability of the natural resources that are used as energy sources and in the production of goods is a global issue that is not specific to developing nations. We contribute to the need for quantitative targets for natural resources by calculating the shadow prices and production inefficiency levels of 32 mineral resources by using a stochastic frontier analysis and panel data from 1980 to 2010 in 162 countries. In addition, we provide estimated shadow prices and production inefficiency levels up to 2020 with various levels of production restrictions. The results show the following: (1) The shadow prices and production inefficiency levels of major metals are generally higher in Asian countries than in non-Asian countries
(2) there is an upward trend in the inefficiency levels in Asian countries, whereas the inefficiency levels remain rather stable in non-Asian countries
(3) production restrictions do not guarantee an increase in shadow prices, but the magnitude of the impact of such restrictions seems to be larger in Asian countries compared to non-Asian countries
(4) production restrictions do not seem to affect production inefficiency
thus, they may not be effective in reducing gaps in production inefficiency between Asian and non-Asian countries.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.03.005

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study quantitatively evaluates the effect of solar photovoltaic system (PV system) installation on the actual amounts of electricity usage in Japanese households. Using consumer-level data, the effects of installing a PV system on the electricity demand are estimated in terms of the impact of the technological performance which was a direct contributor to a reduction in the electricity demand. Also, we confirm the effect of peoples’ electricity consumption behavior by installation of the PV system. As a result, we estimate that the technological performance of PV system had a major effect on the reduction of the electricity demand after the installation of a PV system. Furthermore, for each additional 1 kW increase in battery capacity, the average electricity fee savings per month are approximately 517 Japanese yen per month in the summer, 152 Japanese yen per month in the winter, and approximately 334 Japanese yen annually.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.04.001

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2018 by the authors. The importance of public participation in the successful implementation of climate change-related policies has been highlighted in previous research. However, existing environmental behavioral studies have not sufficiently addressed the relationship among perceptions of climate change, living conditions, social demographic factors and environmentally friendly behavior. Therefore, this paper investigates whether environmental perception and other social determinants such as living conditions and the subjective evaluation of social inequality affect environmentally friendly behavior. We use survey data (N = 1500) collected in Mumbai, India, and analyze our hypotheses using a structural equation model (SEM). The empirical results confirm the direct and indirect influences of environmentally related perceptions, the subjective evaluation of living environments, social factors and other demographic characteristics on pro-environmental behavior. In particular, we find a robust positive effect of education level on pro-environmental behavior, where we observe both a direct impact and an indirect impact through positive effects on environmental knowledge. Thus, we confirm the importance of living environment, social equality and education in sustainable urban planning and efforts to mitigate climate change.

DOI： 10.3390/su10040937

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/jwarp.2018.102012

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Present trends of urbanization are accompanied by increasing demographic and economic shrinkage of rural regions. In countries such as Japan, these rural regions trail behind metropolitan counterparts according to GDP, the conventional measure used to guide governmental policies. Yet, past research suggests that these regions may be undervalued. Further, the Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI), largely only used at the national level, may be able to capture aspects previously missed. As such, our study attempts to highlight the wealth of rural regions by comparing the inclusive wealth of Sado Island and Japan between 1990 and 2014. Minor methodological modifications were made according to data availability at the local level and to improve the accuracy of human capital estimations. Results captured the ongoing shrinkage of Sado and demonstrate the distinct potential of the IWI as a stock measure. Sado’s per capita wealth was about 10&#37; lower than the national averages, but its natural capital was about threefold national averages. Supplementary estimations of the natural capital of fisheries and cultivated forests suggest that inclusion of additional factors in the evaluation would further increase the relative valuation of rural regions. We discuss implications of our estimations for wellbeing, and conclude with a critical appraisal of the IWI calculation towards policy implementation of the index.

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-018-0540-y

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The objective of this study is three-fold. First we estimate and analyse bank efficiency and productivity changes in the EU28 countries with the application of a novel approach, a weighted Russell directional distance model. Second, we take a disaggregated approach and analyse the contribution of the individual bank inputs on bank efficiency and productivity growth. Third, we test for convergence in EU28 bank productivity as well as in the inefficiency of individual bank inputs. We find that bank efficiency has been undermined by the financial crisis in banks notably from the EU15 countries. We also argue that bank efficiency and productivity in EU countries vary across the banking sector with banks from the ‘old’ EU showing higher efficiency levels. Nonetheless, a noticeable catching up process is observed for banks from the ‘new’ EU countries. Consequently, we do not find evidence of group convergence for bank productivity but there is evidence of convergence in bank efficiency change and technical change among the EU28 countries throughout the period 2005–2014. The driving force seems to be convergent technical change from the old EU member states’ banks. On the other hand, almost no convergence is detected for the banks’ individual inputs while the transition paths show heightened diversity during the crisis years.

DOI： 10.1080/1351847X.2017.1303527

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The growing public pressure against the spread of cell phone towers in urban areas has created a need to understand their impact on adjacent house prices. A few existing studies are, however, controversial in their methodology and inconclusive in their results. Therefore, our study on the effect of cell phone towers on house prices is designed to avoid these deficiencies. Property transaction data collected from two suburbs within the Brisbane City Council were analysed adopting the spatial hedonic property valuation model. The estimated models were statistically significant and were largely in line with theoretical expectations. The results revealed that proximity to cell phone towers negatively affects house values, decreasing as the distance from the tower increases. A suitable compensation programme for nearby property owners is, therefore, suggested as being an appropriate policy response.

DOI： 10.1007/s10018-017-0190-9

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study explores the relationship between inclusive wealth, economic growth, and productivity of natural capital (including forestry, fishery, fossil energy reserves and minerals) for 140 countries between 1990 and 2014. For this objective, a Malmquist productivity index is developed, and regression analysis is performed. The results are threefold. First, we found that natural capital deterioration constituted the main driving force of declining wealth per capita following fossil fuel extraction. Second, the adjustment to a conventional productivity growth measure depends on GDP growth and an endowment growth shift of natural capital relative to other input factors. Third, we also found that the initial phase of GDP growth was accompanied by slower natural capital utilization followed by a phase of deterioration as these countries continue to develop economically. With further economic development, enhanced technology and effective natural resources utilization limit the material basis and result in reduced natural capital extraction. These results imply that natural capital extraction management for a broader income level can be implemented for sustainability in both the short and long term.

DOI： 10.1007/s11205-017-1833-8

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2018 by the authors. This study analyzes the key drivers of the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in six Northeast Asian countries (China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia, and Russia) from 1991 to 2015. We apply a decomposition analysis approach using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index to identify the main contributing factors toward CO2 emission changes. To discuss the decomposition results in more in detail, we explain the energy portfolio change in each country to understand the energy and resource utilization strategy. From the results, we find that the key driving factors of CO2 emissions change and energy portfolio trends are different among Northeast Asian countries, driven by economic growth in China and Korea, reduced by energy efficiency improvements in Russia and the DPRK, while being relatively benign in Japan and Mongolia due to a combination of these factors. This result implies that we can better understand the regional cooperation policy for improving each driving factor to achieve sustainable development and management of CO2 emissions considering the characteristics of each country.

DOI： 10.3390/su10010244

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Which dynamic pricing rule is most preferred by consumers?—Application of choice experiment
This study investigates consumers’ preference for dynamic pricing rules using a choice experiment. Among alternative electricity pricing rules, time of use (TOU) is most preferred by consumers, and our estimation results show that TOU has the highest value of WTP among pricing rules. Furthermore, consumers’ characteristics affect their choice of a pricing rule. Our results show that risk preference in particular affects the choice probability of each pricing rule.

DOI： 10.1186/s40008-017-0064-0

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The increasing spread of urbanisation is a common phenomenon witnessed in most parts of the world due to the perceived benefits of urban living. A compounding issue is the growing shortage of safe and reliable water sources. Perennial water shortages are becoming a common feature in many parts of the world. It is important to recognise stormwater reuse as a key resource for securing adequate future water supplies based on the concept of ‘water fit for purpose’. These require careful prioritisation of vulnerabilities, identification of the areas requiring adaptation and provide certainty of outcomes. Given the increasing inevitability of climate change it should be viewed as an opportunity to take advantage of new opportunities which stormwater reuse presents. This study identified key barriers to stormwater reuse and the difficulties in removing them.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.08.001

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-017-0008-z

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

During the 2014 APEC Conference, there was a long presence of blue sky (APEC Blue) after a long-time occurrence of hazy weather in Beijing, China, which prompted the public's attention to heavy-polluting enterprises to reach a new peak. Will the public's negative concern about the incident will affect the operation of heavy-polluting enterprises? In this paper, we analyzed the influence of the haze-related exogenous events before and after the "APEC Blue" on earnings management of heavy-polluting enterprises from a new perspective of negative social attention. We carry out research from three perspectives for further research, which involve the growth in the demand for accounting information disclosure, the increase of consumers' low-carbon consciousness and differences in the amount of attention on enterprises with different properties and scales. Results indicate that heavy-polluting enterprises have stronger preference for downward earnings management, especially in those enterprises that are large in scale, non-state owned, or have a direct relationship with consumers.

DOI： 10.3390/su9122296

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

There is evidence that environmental amenities and dis-amenities may be nonlinearly related to property valuation. This would bring inconsistency in estimating environmental variables of the hedonic price model. To explore the linearity of the relationship this study analyses spatial and temporal variation impacts of the 2011 Brisbane flood on property markets using semi-parametric estimation. The results show that most environmental variables impacts on property values nonlinearly, and in particularly distance to the river, indicating that the amenity value of being close to a river outweighs the flood risks. The estimation of the combined impact of elapsed time and neighbourhood income indicates that the flood risk impact on property markets disappears over time.

DOI： 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.08.038

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In this study, we analyze the factors that affecting purchasing decision time for solar photovoltaic (PV) s in Japan. Based on our survey, consumers spend about 4 months to make purchase decision. Also, our estimation results show that information and knowledge that consumers obtained from the neighborhood and elsewhere make consumers more careful in their decision-making and extend the purchase decision. On the other hand, experts on the advantages and disadvantages of installation shortened the decision time. The situation and environment of each household in terms of income, family size, and the way of purchase of new homes have influenced on the decision to purchase a PV system. In addition, the availability of feed in tariffs was highly correlated with purchasing motivation, but unexpectedly the capital subsidy programs have either little impacts or even delayed impacts on the purchasing timing.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.09.012

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This article examines the international crude oil trade and the international petroleum trade through econometric analysis and complex network analysis, focusing on the aspects of the driving forces and resistances for the oil trade and competitive or cooperative relationships among countries. The crude oil trade network and the petroleum trade network are constructed. Positional and role analysis reveals that countries can be divided into five positions in the crude oil trade network and twenty-five positions in the petroleum trade network. The relationships among countries within or between positions are discussed and recognized as competitive or cooperative. The bilateral oil trade analysis shows that various factors within countries have influence on bilateral trade volume. The analysis also implies that restrictions on trade partner selection due to geographical resistance forces neighboring oil-importing countries to choose similar oil-exporting countries, which corresponds with the results of the complex network analysis. The complex network analysis shows that the countries in the same position belong to the same region. Furthermore, the analysis results imply that the diversification in petroleum exporting countries reduces the supply disruption risk for importing countries.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.028

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Urban policy plays an important role in urbanization and urban sprawl, which in turn affect changes in CO(2 )emissions from urban areas. However, urban planning policies that consider climate change mitigation have not been widely adopted, despite the issue's importance. To promote the consideration of climate change policies in urban planning, it is useful to identify the key determinants of effective climate change mitigation for policy makers. The objective of this study is therefore to identify the determining factors that affect changes in urban CO2 emissions based on city type using a dataset of metropolitan areas. We obtained data on 276 cities in 26 countries for the years 2000, 2005, and 2008. We divided the data into five regional groups and four clusters to control for the characteristics of metropolitan areas. The dataset includes urban CO2 emissions, GDP, and population. Three variables related to urban characteristics are subjected to determinants analysis using an econometric approach. The results show that the determinants of changes in urban CO2 emissions differ by city type and region. These results contribute to a better understanding of urban policies that can improve the effects of these driving factors by considering the characteristics of each city type. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.221

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Quantity depletion and quality deterioration issues arising from the extraction of groundwater have been discussed in previous studies. However, the literature reveals no systematic analysis of the possible social welfare losses due to the cost of both quantity depletion and quality deterioration. This paper therefore investigates the long run welfare cost of using groundwater for agriculture by including both quantity depletion and quality deterioration costs simultaneously. This is achieved through an empirical study of onion farmers in Sri Lanka who use groundwater for their cultivation. A significant social welfare loss is found in terms of both groundwater quantity and quality deterioration costs and which is likely to increase over the long run. This is shown to have important long run implications for land use management. (C) 2017 Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jfe.2017.04.002

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study determined values for the ecosystem services of abandoned coppice forests that are threatened by a forest disease known as Japanese Oak Wilt. We applied a discrete choice experiment to value these ecosystem services. The results indicated that ecosystem services were highly valued in the order of biodiversity conservation, water and soil regulation, timber provision, and climate change mitigation. This study suggests that people expect abandoned coppice forests to be protected from Japanese Oak Wilt and to become rich in biodiversity. However, public preference for biodiversity conservation services had high heterogeneity among people. On the other hand, water and soil regulation services were widely ranked as important among people. Furthermore, traditional management method is most preferred than other forest-change scenarios in JOW countermeasures. (C) 2017 Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jfe.2017.08.005

記述言語：英語  

Continuous increase in one side of human populations and on the other side on the number of extinct and endangered species in Asia requires appropriate land use and forest preservation. Forests provide a number of benefits such as regulation of global climate and ecosystems, provision of raw materials and wild foods for local communities, watershed protection for a region, national income from ecotourism, carbon sequestration, being a landscape and habitat of rare species. This introduction provides summary for land use, forest preservation and biodiversity policy in Asia. (C) 2017 Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jfe.2017.08.008

記述言語：英語  

Recently, there has been significant research interest in the empirical formulations of the environment-income relationship using both global and disaggregated data. Advances in methods and availability of better and more extensive data make the old topic of growth and environment a unique field for Environment and Development Economics, among other journals. Conventionally, the environmental Kuznets curve has been important in testing for emissions of many pollutants in many different countries. Now, policy and institutional data including transparency variables are available, making many social and economic factors interesting for policy analysts. In light of these advances, and the existing associated empirical problems in analyzing the income-environment relationship, the key findings of each paper in this special issue are discussed and connected to the related areas of research interest.

DOI： 10.1017/S1355770X17000286

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study investigated the changes in the toxicity of chemical emissions from the US industrial sector over the 1998-2009 period. Specifically, we employed a multiregional input-output analysis framework and integrated a supply-side index decomposition analysis (IDA) with a demand-side structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to clarify the main drivers of changes in the toxicity of production-and consumption-based chemical emissions. The results showed that toxic emissions from the US industrial sector decreased by 83&#37; over the studied period because of pollution abatement efforts adopted by US industries. A variety of pollution abatement efforts were used by different industries, and cleaner production in the mining sector and the use of alternative materials in the manufacture of transportation equipment represented the most important efforts.

DOI： 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9c66

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper analyzes productivity and efficiency by using inclusive wealth as a sustainability measurement. The study extends current measures of sustainability by capturing the efficient utilization of natural capital and other conventional inputs as input and carbon damage as undesirable output in a productivity measure for 140 countries from 1995 to 2010. To determine the contribution of each input/output to productivity and technical efficiency, we applied a weighted Russell directional distance and a Luenberger productivity measure. We found that GDP, natural capital and carbon damage are the main contributors to productivity change. Natural capital and carbon damage remain significant burdens for many countries' performance, especially for countries with resource-driven economies and extreme vulnerability to climatic shifts. This finding enhances our understanding of how particular countries can measure and manage their sustainability. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

DOI： 10.1002/sd.1684

記述言語：日本語  

Analysis of energy use behavior under the electric outage using by a laboratory experiment

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Water treatment technology development supports a steady, safe water supply. This study examines trends in water treatment technology innovations, using 227,365 patent granted data published from 1993 to 2016 as an indicator of changing research and development (R&D) priorities. To clarify changes in R&D priorities, we used a decomposition analysis framework that classified water treatment technologies into five types: conventional treatment (117,974 patents, 51.9&#37;), biological treatment (40,300 patents, 17.7&#37;), multistage treatment (45,732 patents, 20.1&#37;), sludge treatment (15,237 patents, 6.7&#37;), and other treatments (8122 patents, 3.6&#37;). The results showed that the number of water treatment technology patents granted increased more than 700&#37; from 1993 to 2016; in particular, the number of multistage water treatment patents granted rapidly grew. The main driver of this growth was expansion in the R&D activity scale and an increase in the priority of multistage water treatment technology in China. Additionally, the trends and priority changes in water treatment technology inventions varied by country and technology groups, which implied that an international policy framework for water treatment technology development should recognize that R&D priorities need to reflect the diverse characteristics of countries and technologies.

DOI： 10.3390/w9110860

記述言語：日本語  

<p>地域経済の持続可能性の確保は重要な課題である。持続可能性の定量的な評価方法として有効なものに，将来世代の福祉を現在の資本ストックの価値に換算するキャピタル・アプローチがある。それに基づいた経済指標である，新国富指標（Inclusive Wealth Index，IWI）を用いれば，その増加から持続可能性を判別できる。日本において，IWIの成長を妨げる一つの要因が健康資本の減少である。ところが，健康資本には長命の価値のみが考慮されており，影響が大きいはずの疾病による損失が考慮されていない現状にあった。</p><p>そこで本研究は，健康資本を個人の平均寿命までの余命年数（以下長命資本）及び疾病の割引障害調整年数（以下疾病損失）の二つの側面の割引現在価値として捉えた。そして三大疾病を対象に，1999・2002・2005・2008・2011・2014年の６時点，都道府県別に健康資本を推計した。得られた主要な結果は以下の２点である。</p><p>1）年間で１人当たりの損失額が一番大きい疾病はがんであり（33,055円），次いで脳卒中（15,687円），虚血性心疾患（7,041円）の順であった。空間的分布に着目すると，三大都市圏に比べ地方が相対的に17％ほど疾病損失の影響が大きいことが分かった。</p><p>2）１人当たりのIWIの変動に対する疾病損失の寄与について，がんによるIWIの損失は増加傾向にあるが，脳卒中と虚血性心疾患の損失は改善される傾向にあった。そして，三大都市圏ではがんのIWIを損なう影響が大きく，逆に地方では脳卒中のIWIを改善する影響が大きかった。</p>

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/w9110860

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000386a

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1108/IJSHE-10-2015-0170

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Although trade liberalization may increase a country's welfare, its specific effect on a country's fishing industry has not been well studied. By decomposing the effect of international trade into four parts, i.e., scale-technique effects (ST), the indirect trade-induced composition effect (IC), the indirect effect of trade intensity through income (ITC), and the direct effect of trade intensity (DTC), this study empirically investigates the effect of trade openness on country-level fisheries production. To take into account the endogeneity of trade openness and income, we adopt the instrumental variable approach. We find that a rise in trade openness reduces fisheries catch on average. In particular, the long-run effect is large. This result implies that future production is affected by current overfishing through stock dynamics. Our decomposed elasticities indicate that the ST and ITC dominate in the trade elasticity of fisheries catch. While ST implies that overfishing would be affected by trade, ITC may either establish an "overfishing haven", similar to a "pollution haven" in the environmental literature, or production shift of fisheries to countries with lax regulation to pass stringent regulation, which is more likely to occur in high-income countries.

DOI： 10.1007/s12562-017-1130-0

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI) is a stock-based comprehensive indicator used to evaluate sustainability based on the wealth of nations, including a finer scale that considers the wealth of regions, in which these indicators are required for governance in the administrative regional hierarchies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. However, few studies have applied the measure to finer-scale wealth relative to the national level. In this paper, we fill the gap by examining the IWI in all prefectures in Japan, where sustainability is increasingly being lost as a result of depopulation, an aging population, and the excessive burden of environmental regulations. We determined that all regions in Japan maintained sustainability from 1991 to 2000. Then, regional sustainability was lost in 8 prefectures from 2001 to 2005 and in 28 prefectures from 2006 to 2010. This trend is consistent with those found in previous studies, though more severe. The decreasing wealth growth is caused by the increasing damage to health capital, mainly in rural areas, whereas produced capital has had positive effects but has not mitigated the damage. Finally, we illustrate how this index can be applied to evaluate projects in response to the intense debate in regional public policy for rural sustainability through a case study of seawalls as a recovery project in the wake of the Great East Japan earthquake.

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-017-0450-4

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-017-0486-5

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Policy makers pursue open markets through deregulatory reform based on a belief that they increase economic efficiency and produce benefits for consumers mainly through price reductions. However, the superiority of competition over regulated monopolies is not established. In a liberalized market, consumers exercising their ability to choose a utility provider is a crucial way of shaping the outcomes of deregulatory reform. While achieving a high switching rate is not the ultimate goal of market reform, it is an important tool through which consumers gain from policy form. We use data from a Japanese household survey conducted before and after recent liberalization and find a positive impact of liberalization on consumer satisfaction by enabling consumers to choose an electricity provider. This result indicates that switching can be utility improving by increasing customer satisfaction and underlines the importance of switching behavior in effectively utilizing deregulatory reform. This study also examines a broad set of determinants of provider switching and discusses the policy implications of the empirical results.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.07.048

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper provides new quantitative perspectives on energy security. We conduct an analysis in the event of energy resource supply disruption in exporting countries for Japan. The study showed that oil stockpiling by the government and firms plays an important role in energy security; the analysis shows that oil supply disruption does not cause latent demand of oil products except naphtha after the supply disruption. However, we found that the supply interruption of town gas caused by liquefied natural gas supply disruption is a possible weak point in Japan's energy security. This would mainly impact a variety of non-energy intensive sectors such as the customer sector. We also show that the energy security of the supply is degraded by the unplanned outage of nuclear power stations, as seen from the disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Nuclear power generation and renewable energy power generation can mitigate the impact of energy resource supply interruption in the power generation sector.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.08.008

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper discusses the economic impacts of climate change, including those on ecosystems, and whether a new backstop technology should be used under conditions of strict temperature targets. Using the dynamic integrated climate-economy (DICE) model, we developed a new model to calculate the optimal path by considering new backstop technologies, such as CO2 capture and storage (CCS). We identify the effects of parameter changes based on the resulting differences in CO2 leakage and sites, and we analyse the feasibility of CCS. In addition, we focus on ocean acidification and consider the impact on economic activity. As a result, when CCS is assumed to carry a risk of CO2 leakage and acidification is considered to result in a decrease in utility, we find that CCS can only delay the effects of climate change, but its use is necessary to achieve strict targets, such as a 1.5 degrees C limit. This observation suggests that if the target temperature is too tight, we might end up employing a technology that sacrifices the ecosystem too greatly.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.136

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Using a recently developed probabilistic approach of a conditional directional distance function, we measure the effect of economic growth on countries' environmental efficiency in carbon dioxide emissions for a sample of 99 countries over the period of 1980-2010. Our approach directly accounts for the exogenous factors influencing countries' environmental production; therefore, we do not impose the separability condition on the estimated environmental efficiencies. When examining the entire sample as well as the sample of developed countries, our results reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between countries' GDP per capita and environmental efficiency. However, when examining the relationship for the sample of developing countries, the results reveal an N-shaped form. Moreover, our results show that countries ratifying the Kyoto Protocol tend to have higher efficiency scores, implying that their mitigation activity is less costly.

DOI： 10.1007/s10640-016-0046-y

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

From the originally constructed survey data from 2011 Fukushima incident, this paper empirically assessed the sources of failures in disaster risk mitigation in short run. Although residential relocation from the cites at risk is one of the effective risk reduction measures, the relocation incurs mobility costs of developing social capital such as communities or searching public services such as education and medical institutions. The estimation results showed that the residents in the disaster cites of 2011 Fukushima incident can tolerate higher risks of radiation exposure when they have attachment to the original residence or higher demands for the public services, and can stay in the cites at risks consequently. Because the tolerance level can depend on the information associated with the risks, the results imply that the authorities' providing the correct information is one of the keys for the disaster risk reduction in short run.

DOI： 10.1111/jors.12341

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The life satisfaction approach (LSA) enables researchers to attach monetary values to nonmarket circumstances that affect people's life satisfaction. Previous studies employ LSA to examine how the environment, health, and social capital, etc. affect life satisfaction. This study focuses on the OECD Better Life Index and intends to evaluate more comprehensive socioeconomic characteristics. Considering comprehensive factors about life enables us to avoid biased estimation. This study also considers more consistent estimation methods. Previous studies tend to attach monetary valuations in different settings. Thus, it is difficult to compare the effects of different socioeconomic circumstances. This study employs LSA to estimate the happiness functions of Japanese survey respondents by incorporating extensive socioeconomic characteristics as explanatory variables. Controlling for multiple factors affecting subjective wellbeing, we more accurately attach monetary values to each factor within a consistent analytical framework. By doing so, we assess factors' relative comparable influence on subjective wellbeing. We adopt three estimation procedures to check robustness against model specifications. Results indicate that respondents value small changes in their socioeconomic circumstances more highly than other factors. Especially, circumstances surrounding quality of life carry higher equivalent monetary valuations than material living standards.

DOI： 10.1007/s10902-016-9775-4

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-017-0009-y

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10902-016-9775-4

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2017 Economic Society of Australia, Queensland This study explores the state of global marine fisheries and empirically analyzes its relationship to economic factors. We apply the pooled mean group estimator method to examine 70 fishing countries for the period of 1961–2010. We use both catch and the estimated size of stock as proxies for marine ecosystems. Our results confirm that economic growth initially leads to the deterioration of marine ecosystems. However, for a per capita income level of approximately 3,827 USD for the catch model and of 6,066 USD for the biomass model, we found beneficial impacts of economic growth on the sustainability of marine fisheries. Over the next two decades, we expect to see a decline in catch and indications of stock recovery.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.08.004

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-017-0458-9

記述言語：日本語  

The Change of the Relationship between Subjective Well-being and Environmental Awareness before and after Large-scale earthquake

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper investigates the evolution of natural assets and the relationship among natural, produced and human capital, for selected countries of six continents during the 25-year period 1990–2014. The paper employs an alternative graphical data analysis to picture variations and evolution schemes in capital data formation. Our novel contribution is to feature the underlying consumption or restoration of natural capital in relation with intertemporal man-made capital dynamics. The proposed graphical approach (i) has the advantage of being self-evident, (ii) depicts comparative results surpassing the problem of different scaling of the data (iii) examines the interdependence of the three types of capital data (i.e. natural capital, gross fixed capital formation or labor). We aim to uncover each country's environmental policy at a glance and draw conclusions concerning environmental sustainability.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.05.003

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study analyzes industrial wastewater management efficiency using a Chinese provincial dataset from 2004 to 2014. The weighted Russell directional distance model is used to evaluate the efficiency of management practices. Determinants analysis was conducted based on governmental policy, pollution abatement, and market factors to identify the main drivers of industrial wastewater management efficiency in China. The results indicate that the wastewater management efficiency improved in the eastern and central regions. However, there is a significant efficiency gap between provinces in the western region. Moreover, the main determinants of wastewater management efficiency differ among regions and pollutants.

DOI： 10.3390/w9080586

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper examines the effect of a country's own past disaster experiences and nearby countries' past experiences on subsequent disaster damage. We use global disaster data from 1990 to 2010, which include disaster-related death tolls for both natural and technological disasters that are further divided into sub-categories. Overall, we find evidence of a reduction effect of past disaster damage on future disaster damage. More detailed analyses show that an adaptation effect seems to be present for certain combinations of disaster types and levels of economic development. The results show that a country's own experiences reduce future damage for natural disasters but that the marginal effect is larger for lower-income countries. On the other hand, for technological disasters, a robust impact of experiences was found only in higher-income countries. In terms of the disaster experiences of nearby countries, the adaptation effect was found only for natural disasters, and the marginal impact was relatively higher for higher-income countries.

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-017-2825-3

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Managing water resources and the need to adapt both supply and demand side policies to a changing environment has become a priority in both developed and developing countries. This research demonstrates the application of the geographic information system (GIS) in modelling residential water demand in order to develop a spatial decision support system (SDSS). Household level survey data covering 90 suburbs within the Brisbane City Council (BCC), Queensland, Australia, are used for the analysis. First, residential water demand was estimated and the most significant variables found to predict high water use at the suburban level. These variables included household size, presence of a swimming pool, income and people over 65 years of age. By integrating this model with an SDSS, a spatial decision support system for residential water demand (SDSS-RWD) is developed. By producing maps which clearly display the different factors affecting residential water demand, the benefit of the SDSS-RWD is found in its use as a policy making tool for manipulating and evaluating effective water management strategies. In particular, the flexibility of the SDSS-RWD offers in evaluating changing determinants of residential water demand creates the capacity for local government bodies to analyse a range of alternative policies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scs.2017.03.012

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-017-2825-3

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

As the International Whaling Commission has failed to establish a consensus on the interpretation and enforcement of a moratorium on commercial whaling, the disagreement between Australia and Japan over whaling has recently escalated. Australia, a leading opponent of whaling, questioned Japan's scientific whaling program in the Antarctic at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The ICJ ruled in 2014 that the Japanese whaling program is unscientific, but Japan revised the program and implemented it after the court ruling. To overcome the current international stalemate regarding whaling, this paper examines the possibility of a bargaining solution to this conflict, particularly through voluntary monetary compensation from Australia to Japan to halt whaling activities. The results of nationwide surveys indicate that Australia's total willingness to pay for the discontinuation of whaling by Japan is significantly greater than Japan's willingness to accept to abandon whaling in the high seas despite a substantial population difference between the two countries. The results suggest that a financial transfer could be a win-win strategy to resolve this long-standing international conflict.

DOI： 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.002

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study incorporates carbon dioxide emissions in productivity measurement in the airline industry and examines the determinants of productivity change. For this purpose a two-stage analysis under joint production of good and bad outputs is employed to compare the operational performance of airlines. In the first stage, productivity index are derived using the Luenberger productivity indicator. In the second stage, productivity change scores derived therefrom are regressed using the random-effects Generalized Least Squares to quantify determinants of productivity change. The paper finds low cost carriers and average number of hours flown per aircraft having a positive impact on productivity under joint production model while demand variable negatively impacts on productivity under market model.

DOI： 10.1007/s11123-016-0480-4

記述言語：日本語  

プロジェクト評価の新潮流：新国富論による地域の真の豊かさ

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1038/546352c

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.eap.2017.02.002

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-017-0008-z

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1007/s41885-017-0001-6