記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Communications Materials  

Abstract

Developing efficient and stable carbon nanotube (CNT) doping techniques and elucidating their chemistry is essential for their further implementation in electronic and energy devices. Here, protonic acids and lithium salts are employed as p-type inducers and stabilizers of the doped state, respectively. Leveraging the electron-withdrawing capability of protons, protonic acids can easily induce heavily p-doped states in CNTs. Anionic species from the acids attach to the positively charged CNTs to achieve charge compensation. Introducing lithium salts with bulky, charge-delocalized anions to the p-doped CNTs results in an anion replacement driven by the free energy gain. The newly formed complexes demonstrate outstanding thermal stability in air, enduring a temperature of 100 °C for over a year. The chemical hardness of the applied anion effectively explains the difference in stability of the doped CNTs, indicating that the doping process and its stabilization can be understood and controlled through complex chemistry.

DOI： 10.1038/s43246-024-00460-0

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その他リンク： https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00460-0

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

有機材料特有の柔軟性，生体親和性を利用したフレキシブル有機圧電薄膜のインプランタブル生体センサ/発電素子の検討を行った．心臓モデルでの発電出力計測に加え，アレーセンサによる心臓の動きを3次元的に測定するデバイスを開発した．

DOI： 10.14923/transelej.2023JCI0003

CiNii Research

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Carbon  

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive candidates for thermoelectric (TE) device components. However, a doping strategy for precise charge-carrier modulation and stabilization of the doped states of the CNTs is essential for thermoelectric applications. In particular, existing n-type CNTs tend to have inadequate stability in air and at elevated temperatures. In this study, we used newly synthesized ionic liquids (ILs) derived from organic superbases and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) for electrochemical doping, expecting these ions to function as stabilizers of the n- and p-doped states of CNTs, respectively. The thermoelectric power factor was optimized by modulating the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity over a wide range of values by varying the polarity and magnitude of the applied potential. Furthermore, n- and p-type doping could be simultaneously realized for the working and counter CNT electrodes by the one-time application of a potential. The doped states were retained as an electric double layer on the CNT electrodes even after their removal from the electrolyte solution. In particular, the use of ILs derived from bicyclic ring superbases and TFSI were shown to stabilize both n- and p-type CNTs at high temperatures for extended periods of time. Our approach is useful for preparing TE materials with an optimized power factor, controlled polarity, and long-term thermal stability.

DOI： 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118667

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記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science  

1D organic semiconductor nanostructures have attracted considerable attention; however, only a few studies are conducted on p–n junction organic semiconductor 1D nanostructures. Herein, p‐ and n‐type and p–n junction phthalocyanine (Pc) nanorods are grown in the out‐of‐plane direction of a substrate via vacuum deposition using typical organic semiconductors with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as the p‐type semiconductor and copper octafluorophthalocyanine (F₈CuPc) and copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F₁₆CuPc) as the n‐type semiconductors. p–n junction Pc nanorods are fabricated via the continuous deposition of F₈CuPc and F₁₆CuPc onto CuPc nanorods. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that the Pc molecules in the nanorods are perpendicularly aligned, with their molecular planes oriented toward the longitudinal direction of the nanorods. The local current–voltage properties of the nanorods are measured using conductive atomic force microscopy. The hole mobility in the CuPc nanorods is 10 times higher than that in the CuPc thin films. The p–n junction properties of F₈CuPc/CuPc nanorods are evaluated.

DOI： 10.1002/pssa.202300243

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記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science  

Wearable piezoelectric micropumps may contribute to improving drug delivery in the field of medicine. Poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF/TrFE)), an organic ferroelectric polymer, is a desirable material for fabricating the piezoelectric layer of medical micropumps owing to its biocompatibility and flexibility. However, a large voltage is required to drive the micropumps because the piezoelectric response of P(VDF/TrFE) is small compared with that of inorganic materials, such as lead zirconate titanate. In this study, thin films (P(VDF/TrFE)) are focused that can reduce applied voltage and improve the flexibility of entire actuators. In addition, actuators sealed with poly(monochloro‐paraxylene) (Parylene C) are considered, which has excellent chemical resistance, flexibility, and biocompatibility. The calculated piezoelectric constant |e₃₁| of the fabricated P(VDF/TrFE) thin films is 42 mC m⁻². A large deformation of 1 mm is observed in the fabricated cantilever‐type actuators sealed with Parylene C when a voltage of 160 V is applied. Furthermore, the vibration of the actuators by the reverse piezoelectric effect on the water surface is observed. It is indicated in these results that a low voltage can safely drive P(VDF/TrFE) thin‐film piezoelectric actuators sealed with Parylene C in medical micropumps.

DOI： 10.1002/pssa.202300250

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出版者・発行元：Catalysis Today  

5,8-dicyanopicene (CN-picene), a picene derivative that absorbs visible-light, was synthesized and its photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production via water decomposition under visible-light irradiation was evaluated. A CN-picene thin-film deposited on a quartz substrate (CNp/Q) was produced by thermal evaporation under vacuum. Hydrogen formation was observed by subjecting CNp/Q to visible-light irradiation in the presence of water. It was confirmed by mass spectrometry using D2O that the generated hydrogen was derived from water. Water decomposition over CNp/Q photocatalysts with different film thicknesses was also investigated; hydrogen-formation activity increased with film thickness. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that CN-picene was unevenly deposited on the quartz substrate owing to its aggregation. The surface roughness of the CN-picene film increased with its thickness, which consequently increased its surface area; hence, CNp/Q catalysts with thicker films had higher water-decomposition activities than their thinner counterparts.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.008

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Molecular Systems Design and Engineering  

pi-Conjugated dendrimers, with unique optical properties, have the potential to be used as light-harvesting antenna in organic solar cells and photodetectors. Here, the broadband absorption and light-energy transfer in a phenyl-core thiophene dendrimer, Ph-(7T)(3), have been investigated using quantum calculations and absorption, photoluminescence, and excitation spectroscopy. The broadband absorption of the highly branched Ph-(7T)(3) macromolecule could be attributed to multiple pi-conjugations in Ph-(7T)(3) (due to phenylthiophene and thiophene oligomers with different numbers of thiophene units). The divergency of the wavelengths between photoluminescence and excitation light indicated that the multiple pi-conjugating system exhibited various modes of excited-state relaxation, which could explain the light-energy transfer from the core to the thiophene dendrons. The fluorescent quantum yield and lifetime of this molecular system are also presented.

DOI： 10.1039/d2me00157h

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebiofro.2023.34.2d05

CiNii Research

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Polymer Chemistry  

The control of cross-linking of polythiophene with cyclic siloxane was achieved and provided to their mechanical properties and elastic recovery. The cross-links led to high recovery of crystallite orientation under stretching.

DOI： 10.1039/d2py00765g

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nature Communications  

Abstract

The preparation of air and thermally stable n-type carbon nanotubes is desirable for their further implementation in electronic and energy devices that rely on both p- and n-type material. Here, a series of guanidine and amidine bases with bicyclic-ring structures are used as n-doping reagents. Aided by their rigid alkyl functionality and stable conjugate acid structure, these organic superbases can easily reduce carbon nanotubes. n-Type nanotubes doped with guanidine bases show excellent thermal stability in air, lasting for more than 6 months at 100 °C. As an example of energy device, a thermoelectric p/n junction module is constructed with a power output of ca. 4.7 μW from a temperature difference of 40 °C.

DOI： 10.1038/s41467-022-31179-6

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その他リンク： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-31179-6

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japanese Journal of Applied Physics  

Abstract

Normal alkanes are among the simplest molecules that can be studied in physical chemistry. However, there is still more to learn about their liquid-to-gas phase transition characteristics, especially in vacuo. Here, we investigated the evaporation behavior of 12 different normal alkanes using thermogravimetry, both in air, and under reduced pressures (5000 to 10⁻² Pa). The reduced pressures lowered the evaporation-onset temperatures of the normal alkanes. The evaporation-onset temperatures at 1 Pa were linearly correlated with the chain lengths (molecular weights). Furthermore, we found that the reduced pressures enabled the effective distillation of binary mixtures of normal alkanes because of the differences in the evaporation-onset temperatures. It was empirically determined that distillation (isolated evaporation of one of the binary mixture components) was achieved at ∼1 Pa when the chain of one of the alkanes was 30% longer than that of the other.

DOI： 10.35848/1347-4065/ac7623

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その他リンク： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.35848/1347-4065/ac7623/pdf

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japanese Journal of Applied Physics  

Multipoint detection of the structural deformation of a pulsating 3D heart model was conducted using a flexible piezoelectric sensor array with a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] thin film sealed with biocompatible parylene C. The piezoelectric signals detected from the sensor array attached to the 3D heart model were correlated with an electrocardiogram signal. These piezoelectric signals can be converted into the compressive stress applied to the flexible sensors by the pulsating motion of the 3D heart model. The experimental results mean that the contraction force, generated by the heart muscle (i.e., myocardium), can be directly evaluated. The different output voltages depending on the location were obtained from each sensor, indicating the possibility of a real-time detection of the irregular motion of the heart and the early detection of ischemic heart disease, which leads to the loss of local contractile force in myocardial tissue.

DOI： 10.35848/1347-4065/ac5a04

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Polymer  

Although P(VDF-TrFE) is an important ferroelectric material, its polarization switching details, especially at the nucleation site of the polarized domain, are unknown. Herein, a setup combining a ferroelectricity evaluation system and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer with a 70 ms time resolution was developed to simultaneously monitor polarization-switching current and absorption changes associated with the molecular chain rotation of P(VDF-TrFE) under an electric field. Time variations of absorbance associated with CF2 symmetric vibration in response to the applied electric field served as an indicator of dipole rotation. The onsets and peaks of the polarization-switching current, which appeared before the dynamic molecular orientation, changed across the material. The complementary characterization revealed that the P(VDF-TrFE) polarized domain first nucleates at the interface and grows toward the inner side of film to achieve a completely polarized state of the film.

DOI： 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124822

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出版者・発行元：2022 61st Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan, SICE 2022  

To enable quantitative palpation in vivo, we developed a catheter-type tactile sensor composed of two polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films for minimally invasive surgery. In our previous study, we fabricated a prototype catheter-type tactile sensor composed of a PVDF film with an outer diameter of 2 mm. However, this sensor can detect only a uniaxial contact state. In this study, we added a piezoelectric film embedded in silicone rubber to allow the sensor to detect a biaxial contact state. We evaluated the frequency responses of the proposed sensors.

DOI： 10.23919/SICE56594.2022.9905774

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebiofro.2022.33.1c02

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The intrinsically positive Seebeck coefficient of ionic material was successfully converted into negative by using PEDOT:PSS electrodes, offering a useful method for the development of a thermally chargeable supercapacitor with n-type polarity.

DOI： 10.1039/d1tc01385h

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123904

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.7567/1347-4065/ab56bf

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Thermoelectric power generation from waste heat is an important component of future sustainable development. Ion-conducting materials are promising candidates because of their high Seebeck coefficients. This study demonstrates that ionic hydrogels based on imidazolium chloride salts exhibit outstanding Seebeck coefficients of up to 10 mV K-1. Along with their relatively high ionic conductivities (1.6 mS cm(-1)) and extremely low thermal conductivities (similar to 0.2 W m(-1) K-1), these hydrogels have good potential for use in heat recovery systems. The voltage behavior in response to temperature difference (stable or transient) differs significantly depending on the metal electrode material. We evaluated the electrode-dependent temperature sensitivity of the double layer capacitance of these hydrogels, which revealed that the thermally induced polarization of ions at the interface is one of the main contributors to the thermovoltage. Our results demonstrate the potential capability for ion and metal interactions to be used as an effective baseline for exploring ionic thermoelectric materials and devices. The developed thermoelectric supercapacitor exhibits reversible charging-discharging behavior under repeated disconnecting-connecting of an external load with a constant temperature difference, which offers a novel strategy for heat-to-electricity energy conversion from steady-temperature heat sources.

DOI： 10.1021/acsami.0c11752

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

pi-Conjugated dendrimers are emerging platforms for molecular-based photonics and electronics. Herein, we demonstrate thiophene dendrimers as new thermoelectric (TE) materials with large Seebeck coefficients through chemical charge-carrier doping, conducting film preparation, and TE transport evaluations (electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient). Complementary characterization with absorption, photoelectron spectroscopy, and molecular calculations reveals that the highly degenerate frontier molecular orbital energy levels derived from the highly branched and symmetric molecular structures of the dendrimers play an important role in the anomalously large Seebeck coefficients based on Mott's equation. With the recent rapid progress in the technologies for synthesizing pi-conjugated dendrimers and molecular designing flexibilities, our results propose a novel strategy for exploring new TE materials.

DOI： 10.1039/d0me00017e

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.7567/1347-4065/ab5d70

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.7567/1347-4065/ab641f

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.7567/1347-4065/ab5919

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.7567/1347-4065/ab54f5

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was fabricated via vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) of the monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with FeCl3?6H(2)O melt as the oxidant at the EDOT vapor?FeCl3?6H(2)O melt interface. Highly doped VPP-PEDOT films were formed on the oxidant melt surfaces. The morphological changes and decrease in the doping level at the VPP-PEDOT film surface were attributed to slower oxidant transport up to the surface during VPP. The doping level of VPP-PEDOT was higher when the oxidant melt was used compared to when the oxidant thin film was employed, and the maximum doping level was twice of that obtained in our previous work.

DOI： 10.1080/15421406.2019.1651068

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2018, The Society of Polymer Science, Japan. In this study, semiconductive elastomers composed of homopolythiophene with disiloxane moieties were developed. The crosslinked molecular structure in the polythiophene elastomers was introduced by dicumyl peroxide, one of the typical peroxide crosslinking reagents. The elastomers were produced through a hot-pressing process above the melting point of the polythiophene. Stress–strain curves that included tensile tests and cycle loading–unloading tests defined the crosslinked polythiophenes as elastomers. Their electrical conductivities were evaluated by two-point measurements under nondeformation and uniaxial deformation states. The results indicated that the concentration of crosslinking reagents greatly influenced the mechanical and electrical properties of crosslinking polymers. With the addition of the crosslinking reagent in concentrations from 2.5 phr to 10.0 phr, elongation at break decreased largely from 95% to 51%, while excellent elastic recoveries were observed. In the electrical resistivity measurements, all the crosslinking polymers possessed high stability of electrical properties against elongation.

DOI： 10.1038/s41428-018-0137-4

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

High hardness and low dielectric constant thin films with oriented urea oligomers by physical vapor deposition

DOI： 10.1007/s10853-018-3000-2

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

イオン液体の真空下蒸発過程における熱物性

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In situ Monitoring of Vapor-phase Polymerization and Characterization of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Films
Thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were fabricated via the vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) of the monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with FeCl3 center dot 6H(2)O as the oxidant. The doping level and electrical properties of the VPP-PEDOT films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrical conductivity measurements. The VPP of EDOT was observed by in situ ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that highly doped PEDOT films were formed in the initial stages of VPP, and the doping level increased as the reaction proceeded. The doping level eventually decreased because of the limited amount of the oxidant. Therefore, it was concluded that the doping level of VPP-PEDOT thin films could be changed depending on the initial amount and supply of the oxidant. The thermoelectric properties of the as-synthesized VPP-PEDOT films were also studied, with the aim of applying them as an energy harvester and/or a temperature sensor.

DOI： 10.18494/SAM.2018.1986

記述言語：日本語  

有機強誘電体薄膜を用いた応力測定とスマートインソール応用

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Field-effect and chemical charge-type modulations of carbon nanotubes using functional polymers for thermoelectric energy harvesters

DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/1052/1/012125

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Orientation Dependence of Power Generation on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Using Stretched Ferroelectric Polymer Films

DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/1052/1/012112

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Urea is expected to be used as a reducing agent in the photocatalytic formation of hydrogen from water because it is a non-petroleum material and abundant in domestic wastewater. In this study, a TiO2 catalyst co-doped with tantalum(V) and a trivalent metal cation, serving as promoters, was applied for the photocatalytic decomposition of water for hydrogen production using urea as the reducing agent. Co-doping of TiO2 with tantalum(V) and a trivalent metal cation resulted in a considerable redshift of the absorption edge of TiO2 via the formation of impurity levels. In particular, the incorporation of tantalum(V) and chromium(III) into TiO2 resulted in significant performance enhancement for the photocatalytic decomposition of water for hydrogen production. The products obtained from the photodecomposition of water with urea were also identified, and urea was transformed into N2 and CO2 during the reaction. Moreover, the reaction was performed using thin-film photocatalysts based on organic semiconductors, such as picene, representing a class of novel, unconventional photocatalytic materials. Picene thin-films exhibited activity similar to that exhibited by traditional inorganic semiconductors. Effective utilisation of urea has potential application in a green and sustainable production of hydrogen from wastewater via photocatalysis using various semiconductors.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.01.035

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Thermodynamics of ionic liquid evaporation under vacuum
The low volatility of ionic liquids (ILs) is one of their most interesting physico-chemical properties; however, the general understanding of their evaporation dynamics under vacuum is still lagging. Here, we studied the thermodynamics of IL evaporation by employing thermogravimetry (TG) measurements under vacuum. The thermodynamic parameters of ILs, such as the evaporation onset temperatures, enthalpies, entropies, saturation vapor pressures, and boiling points were quantified by analyzing the TG data. The obtained evaporation enthalpies (110-140 kJ mol(-1)) were higher than those of typical molecular liquids, and the entropies (>88 J mol(-1) K-1) suggested that they are exceptions of the Trouton's rule. The obtained Clausius-Clapeyron equations demonstrated that the saturation vapor pressures of ILs only depend on temperature. Further, we derived the empirical equation for estimating the upper limit temperature of the liquid phase of IL under given external pressures. Using the evaporation behaviors of referential normal alkanes and charge-transfer complex and the evaporation entropies of the ILs, the vaporized IL structure was thermodynamically modelled. The ILs were found to evaporate as ion pairs, instead of as individual ions or higher-ordered cluster structures. By comparing a series of ILs with various cations and a fixed anion, it was found that the IL evaporation dynamics under vacuum is strongly and systematically affected by their chemical structures, charge balances between the cations and the anions, molecular weights, and the higher-ordered structures including polar and non-polar regions. Our concept, measurement method, and equation can be extended to other ILs and low-volatile liquids under vacuum, and help with the design of ILs with higher thermal stabilities.

DOI： 10.1039/c8cp02233j

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Thermodynamics and kinetics of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether evaporation from inkjet-printed carbon nanotube thin films by vacuum annealing
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in water by sonication with surfactants are used as printing inks. However, surfactants are usually electrical insulators that remain on the prepared CNT films, reducing their conductivity. While evaporation by annealing is an effective removal process, it is usually performed at high temperatures (180 degrees C) in air, making it inapplicable for printing on common plastic substrates. This work demonstrates a vacuum annealing process for evaporating surfactants. Poly(oxyethylene) 4 lauryl ether (Brij L4)-a nonionic surfactant-was utilized. Its evaporation behaviors (thermodynamics and kinetics) were analyzed by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The TG measurements confirmed that the evaporation onset temperature under vacuum (51.0 degrees C) was lower than that in air (148.7 degrees C). The IR results revealed that similar to 100% Brij L4 was removed by annealing under vacuum at 130 degrees C. The desorption energy of the surfactant from CNTs was calculated from the activation energy results to be about 10 kJ mol(-1); this value is about a half to one order of magnitude smaller than those reported for other surfactants. This energy would allow adequate adsorption interactions for the surfactant to stably disperse the nanotubes, but is sufficiently small to allow easy removal of the surfactant by thermal treatment. The electrical resistance of the vacuum-annealed CNT thin film dramatically decreased compared with that of the film annealed in air. Therefore, this process can be used for fabricating flexible printed electronics with CNTs.

DOI： 10.1088/2058-8585/aac349

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PVDFフィルムを用いたカテーテル型触覚センサによる血管モデルの表面形状測定

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Anomalous piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/ionic liquid gels
Piezoelectric gels were prepared from low-volatile ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim][TFSI]) gels, and their structural, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were investigated. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE)/IL gels were formed using thermally reversible physical gels. The structural characterization indicated that the P(VDF-TrFE) molecules in the gels predominantly formed a ferroelectric phase (Form I) of P(VDF-TrFE). Polarization switching peaks were clearly observed using a three-layer stacked device structure. The coercive field of the P(VDF-TrFE)/IL gels substantially decreased to 4-9 MV/m, and their remnant polarizations were maintained at 63-71 mC/m2, which is similar to that for typical solid-state P(VDF-TrFE). Finally, the P(VDF-TrFE)/IL gel films exhibited a piezoelectric response, and the highest piezoelectric coefficient was ∼300 pm/V at an applied voltage frequency of 4kHz.

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.57.04FL06

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

This paper describes an evaluation of ionic liquids (ILs) as potential electrolytes for single-layered light-emitting devices with good emission performance. As optoelectronic devices continue to grow in abundance, high-performance light-emitting devices with a single emission layer are becoming increasingly important for low-cost production. We show that a simple technique of osmosing IL into the polymer layer can result in high luminous efficiency and good response times of single-layered light-emitting polymers, even without the additional stacking of charge carrier injection and transport layers. The IL contributions to the light-emission of the polymer are discussed from the perspectives of energy diagrams and of the electric double layers on the electrodes. Our findings enable a faster, cheaper, and lower-in-waste production of light-emitting devices.

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.57.03EH02

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

The surface modification of ferroelectric films is expected to improve the properties of fatigue, which is important for application in memory devices. In this study, we fabricated thin insulators at an electrode-ferroelectric interface by the phase separation of a ferroelectric polymer and an insulator. The surface and bulk characterization indicated that the insulators consisting of a hyperbranched polymer spontaneously phase-separated from the organic ferroelectric polymer by thermal annealing. It was revealed that the separated layers were composed of three layers and had a lower surface energy than the ferroelectric films. The annealing time evolution of the surface contact angle and dielectric spectra indicated the phase separation dynamics and structural behavior. The fatigue properties of the surface-modified ferroelectric films improved, but the remanent polarization and coercive electric field value resulted in a trade-off.

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.57.03EG02

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Here, we studied the charge-carrier modulation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) doping and dedoping under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation with the aim of pairing several p- and n-type SWCNTs as thermoelectric (TE) elements. The Seebeck coefficient of the SWCNTs was first made negative by doping with PVAc and then made positive again through UV-induced PVAc dedoping. A possible TE module configuration and the process for its fabrication are proposed, wherein prints and photopatterns can be obtained without the use of additional electrodes. Our findings enable the fabrication of fine TE modules using simple materials and techniques.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.11.028

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are important candidates for flexible and non-toxic thermoelectric (TE) energy-harvesting devices because they have large Seebeck coefficients, good flexibility, and inkjet printability onto plastic substrates. Here we describe the successful n-type conversion of intrinsic p-type SWCNTs by polymer-dopant charge transfer. The negative Seebeck coefficients of the polymer-doped SWCNTs were strongly related to the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of the polymer, demonstrating that the polymers were electron donors for the nanotubes and that the doping level could be controlled by modifying the functional groups. The n-type SWCNTs obtained using oxygen-abundant polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl acetate), exhibited the largest negative Seebeck coefficients and high stability under ambient conditions lasting for at least 3 weeks. Printed and folded p- and n-type SWCNTs on flexible substrates showed efficient TE voltage improvements. Our findings enable the easy, low-cost preparation of air-stable n-type SWCNTs, permitting the exploitation of SWCNTs as flexible and eco-friendly TE materials.

DOI： 10.1039/c7me00063d

記述言語：日本語  

有機強誘電体を用いたカテーテル型触覚センサによる血管モデルの測定

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters with stretched and multistacked organic ferroelectric films
We investigated piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters with poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) films and the improved power generation from using multistacked and stretched ferroelectric films on the cantilevers. The energy harvesters generated electric power with a resonant frequency of approximately 25 Hz, which corresponded to the ambient vibration. The power density of four-layered harvesters was estimated to be 2.5μW/m3, which was larger than the power density of previous harvesters. The output power of stretched-film harvesters was 3.6 times the output obtained from unstretched films. In addition, because organic ferroelectric films are flexible, the resonant frequency of each harvester was practically constant even when using the techniques of multistacking and stretching.

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.56.04CL04

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We investigated the piezoelectric properties of a vibration energy harvester using large-area, flexible cantilevers composed of polyurea thin films. The piezoelectric constant d(31) of the polyurea films was measured based on the relationship between the displacement and applied voltage of large-aspect-ratio cantilevers. Centimeter-scale unimorph cantilevers were fabricated, and their energy harvester performance was evaluated by vibrating them. The power generation of the cantilevers with controlled forms was 2.2mV at 50.5Hz (i.e., vibration generation could be efficiently realized at environmental vibrations under 100 Hz).

DOI： 10.1080/15421406.2017.1351287

記述言語：日本語  

熱電変換材料開発に向けたEDOT気相重合条件の最適化

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is widely shown to have considerable advantages in photovoltaic cells, including excellent electrical performance, but its fragility remains a challenge for material applications and processing of stretchable devices. Herein, high-molecular-weight and highly regioregular poly(3-substituted thiophene) with disiloxane moieties in the side chains (P3SiT) is synthesized. An investigation of the molecular structure and physical properties of self-supported cast films of P3SiT reveals excellent flexible mechanical properties derived from the disiloxane groups in the side chains. The larger fracture strain reaches over 200% compared with that of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (14%). In addition, its Young's modulus (43 MPa) and low glass transition temperature (-10 degrees C) result in a typical elastic mechanical property. For the electrical property, the sheet resistivity of the drawn thiophene polymer shows the value almost equal to that of poly(3-hexylthiophene). The anisotropy of electrical resistivity is observed due to orientation of the drawn polymer.

DOI： 10.1002/macp.201700197

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CuPc nanorod growth was investigated on ITO substrates with and without 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-noctylphosphonic acid (FOPA) SAM modification, using vapor phase deposition, through the control of the temperature and surface energy of ITO substrates. At a substrate temperature of 200 degrees C, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films that composed nanorods were prepared on both substrates. On FOPA-ITO, it was suggested that CuPc molecules were stacked with an edge-on orientation because of the dominant intermolecular - interaction through the decrease of surface energy of ITO with FOPA modification. Organic photovoltaic cells containing CuPc nanorods as a p-type semiconductor were fabricated and photovoltaic characteristics were observed.

DOI： 10.1080/15421406.2017.1351280

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We report palmitoylated amino acids (glycine, l-valine, l-isoleucine, l-aspartic acid, l-glutamic acid, l-methionine, l-phenylalanine, l-lysine) as low-molecular-weight gelators for ionic liquids (ILs). The palmitoylated amino acids gelate ammonium- and imidazolium-based ILs, at gelation concentrations of 0.3–1.6 wt.%, despite their simple molecular structures. Eight types of gelators are synthesized, with palmitoylated methionine (Pal-Met) and palmitoylated phenylalanine (Pal-Phe) exhibiting high gelation ability toward the tested ILs. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy observations suggest that the gelator molecules self-assemble into nanofibers within the ILs, which leads to gelation. The ionogels exhibit reversible thermal transition and viscoelastic properties, which are typical of gels. Fourier-transform infrared spectra recorded at various temperatures reveal that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions between gelator molecules are important in the self-assembly. Incorporating gelators of varying concentrations do not affect the intrinsic conductivities of the ILs.

DOI： 10.1007/s00396-017-4093-x

記述言語：日本語  

表面安定化強誘電性液晶の電気特性と周波数依存性

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Mass-loss of FEP/Ag films in sub-low Earth orbit space environment

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) gels
The structural, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] gels fabricated using poly(pyridinium-1,4-diyliminocarbonyl-1,4-phenylenemethylene thiocyanate) (PICPM-SCN) as a gelator are investigated in this study. The P(VDF-TrFE)/PICPM-SCN composites formed thermally reversible physical gels and their analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the P(VDF-TrFE) molecules in these gels exhibit predominantly the ferroelectric phase I (Form beta). Furthermore, the polarization switching peaks of the P(VDF-TrFE)/PICPM-SCN gel films were clearly observed. The coercive electric field for these gel films was estimated to be 2 MV/m, which is dramatically lower than the values typically observed for P(VDF-TrFE) solid films (50 MV/m). Finally, the P(VDF-TrFE)/PICPM-SCN gel films exhibited a piezoelectric response, and the highest piezoelectric coefficient was determined to be similar to 53 pm/V at an applied voltage frequency of 4 kHz. (C) 2017 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.56.04CL03

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Crystal growth of Alga was achieved in an ionic liquid by vacuum vapor deposition. Alq(3) crystals of several tens of microns in size showed beautiful hexagonal morphologies, different from previous reports. The successful crystal growth can be explained by the enhanced migration of Alga molecules and moderate supersaturation within the ionic liquid. The Alq(3) crystal showed unique optical properties, such as a waveguide and blue-shift of the photoluminescence spectrum.

DOI： 10.1246/cl.160483

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Interesting photocatalytic properties of a picene thin film on quartz (PTF/Q) have been demonstrated for photocatalytic hydrogen formation from water using several sacrificial agents. Hydrogen is produced in the presence of PTF/Q catalysts under light irradiation, indicating that PTF/Q works as a photocatalyst. The catalyst retains its activity under light irradiation and addition of sacrificial agents enhanced the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen formation from water, similar to the condition when a traditional inorganic photocatalyst is used. Moreover, PTF/Qcatalysts comprising picene films of different thickness have been fabricated, and PTF/Q with the thinnest film (50 nm) exhibits the highest activity for hydrogen formation. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the picene crystals are vertically aligned on the surface of the quartz sheet, and that PTF/Q with the thinnest film has a nonuniform film phase. The difference of picene thin-film surface in morphology probably influences the photocatalytic activity. The absorption edge and optical gap energies of the prepared PTF/Q catalyst are determined and the optical gap of the picene film is calculated to be 3.2 eV. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.03.028

記述言語：日本語  

有機強誘電体を用いたカテーテル型触覚センサの小型化

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The tuning of the Seebeck coefficient of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film was achieved by using the dipole field of a ferroelectric polymer. The Seebeck coefficient was positive under an up-poling dipole field, but negative under a down-poling dipole field, whereas the control remained positive. This tunable behavior can be explained by selective carrier injection and accumulation, which was confirmed by the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity. Connecting p- and n-type SWCNT films tuned by dipole fields to create a pi module resulted in a significant improvement in output voltage owing to the temperature difference between the two. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/APEX.9.081301

記述言語：日本語  

光導電体／有機強誘電体積層膜の光分極スイッチング

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The structures of blended films composed of a light-emitting polymer and an ionic liquid were investigated, and the relationship between the emission properties of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and the structure of the blended films was discussed. We have demonstrated emission in positive and negative biases of the blended films, which contributed to the effects of the electric double layer. Moreover, we have visualized the distribution of the ionic liquid, not only in-plane but also out of-plane, by employing electroluminescence in a sandwich device. Ionic liquids form a micrometer-order phase-separation structure in the blended film and are found in higher concentration on the top of the film. Finally, we have summarized the guidelines for ideal film structure of single-layer OLEDs.

DOI： 10.1246/cl.151042

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The thermal behavior of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB), the synthesis of metal-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacyanophthalocyanine-metal [ MPc(CN)(8)-M] (M = Cu, Fe, Ni) complexes by the tetramerization of TCNB, and the growth of MPc(CN)(8)-M nanorods were investigated. By chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in vacuum, MPc(CN)(8) molecules were synthesized and MPc(CN)(8)-M nanorods were formed on all substrates. Among them, CuPc(CN)(8) molecules were synthesized in high yield, and CuPc(CN)(8)-Cu nanorods were deposited uniformly and in high density, with diameters and lengths of 70-110 and 200-700 nm, respectively. The differences in the growth of MPc(CN)(8)-M nanorods were mainly attributed to the stability of the MPc(CN)8-M complex, the oxidation of ultrathin metal films, and the diffusion of metal atoms. Additionally, the tetramerization of TCNB by CVD at atmospheric pressure was performed on ultrathin Cu films, and the synthesis of CuPc(CN)(8) molecules was observed by in situ UV-vis spectroscopy. CVD under atmospheric pressure is also useful for the synthesis of CuPc(CN)(8) molecules. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.55.03DD07

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have investigated the thermoelectric power of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with an ionic liquid (IL). The SWCNT/IL films showed simultaneous increase in electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient compared with the pristine SWCNT. No thermoelectric power was observed for the IL. The X-ray diffraction pattern and impedance diagram showed a unique behavior with the concentration of IL, which implies that the interaction between the SWCNTs and IL enhances the thermoelectric power of the SWCNTs. As a result of the simultaneous increase in these parameters, the power factor exhibited a 10-fold increase. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.55.03DC01

記述言語：日本語  

P(VDF-TrFE) / (TiOPc)積層膜による光応答型強誘電性素子の作製および特性評価

記述言語：日本語  

In this study, we fabricated a prototype catheter type tactile sensor composed of two polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films and evaluated the data acquisition and processing by the sensor to detect the diseased part in a blood vessel. The PVDF films, which have stress (strain) rate dependent output, are located in a silicon rubber cylinder whose outer diameter is 5 [mm]. We inserted the prototype sensor into a blood vessel model whose inner shape was partially changed assuming that these changes occur by a disease. The vessel model consists of a tube whose inner diameter is 8 [mm]. The sensor can detect the position of the projections in the tube. Moreover, peak-to-peak value of the sensor output voltage increases according to the insertion speed. In addition, we can evaluate the surface roughness inside the tube by fourier transform of the sensor output. In the future, we hope to evaluate the sensor with a more practical prototype.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The ferroelectric properties of perpendicularly oriented, highly crystalline vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer thin films were investigated by using a planar device configuration consisting of comblike Cr-Au electrodes with a 1 mu m gap. In-plane polarization switching was induced by the rotation of the VDF oligomer. As the measurement temperature was increased from 295 to 380 K, the coercive field (E-c) decreased drastically from 124 to 7.7MV/m. Furthermore, the thermal stability of our device significantly improved compared with that of conventional sandwiched devices utilizing VDF oligomer films with a parallel orientation. (C) 2015 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/APEX.8.111601

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Thin-film fabrication of polyurea is hindered by poor solubility in most organic solvents. We fabricated spin-coated thin films of polyurea and investigated the structural and electrical properties of the films. The as-spun films had rough surfaces and relatively high crystallinity with 4.5 nm grains, while melt-quenched films were smooth and lower in crystallinity with 2.7 nm grains. Residual solvent remained in the films at temperatures above the boiling point of the solvent. The quenched polyurea films exhibited large current peaks originating from activated impurity charges from the residual solvent in the current density-electric field curves. The pyroelectric coefficient of the spin-coated polyurea films was estimated to be 4.13 mu C/m(2)K. The polyurea films maintained pyroelectricity even after the application of an electric field, thereby exhibiting potential applicability in pyroelectric devices with annealing to remove the impurity charges. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.005

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have investigated the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric coefficients and infrared sensor performance of spin-coated thin films of polyundecylurea (PUA11). The piezoelectric coefficients of the PUA11 films remained constant at temperatures above 180 degrees C and these films demonstrated thermal resistance superior to those of poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF/TrFE)] films. The infrared sensor performance of the PUA11 films was measured after annealing at 125 degrees C for 500 h and was found to have retained 84% of its preannealing level. The thermal stability of the PUA11 films was higher than that of the P(VDF/TrFE) films; moreover, PUA11 is also expected to have superior electrothermal stability. (C) 2015 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/APEX.8.101501

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have investigated the pyro- and piezoelectric properties of polyurea spin-coated films with thermal and chemical stability and their performance as infrared sensors. The piezoelectric coefficient d<inf>33</inf>was measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer to be 23.5 pC/N. This coefficient increased with the poling electric field up to around 75 MV/m, suggesting that the polyurea dipole is aligned by applying an electric field greater than 75 MV/m. When a triangular thermal wave was applied, a square-wave pyroelectric current was observed and the pyroelectric coefficient measured to be 5.11 µC/(m²·K). The infrared sensor performance of the polyurea thin film was examined by measuring the voltage sensitivity to infrared irradiation. The obtained result of 70.4 V/W at 1 Hz is consistent with the results calculated from the measured pyroelectric coefficient. Our findings suggest that the performance of the sensor may be improved by increasing the pyroelectric coefficient of the polyurea films.

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.54.04DK13

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We proposed a novel method for micro-patterning organic semiconductor layers by using a laser irradiation system. The method was demonstrated with a precursor that changes solubility after thermal conversion. For micro-scale patterning, brief irradiation was crucial to prevent heat diffusion in the substrate. We found that preheating on a hot-plate is important for shortening the laser irradiation time necessary for the thermal conversion. The patterning resolution also depended on the kind of substrates as well as the laser exposure time. High-resolution line patterns with a width of 12 μm were successfully achieved on ITO substrates. Organic light-emitting diodes utilizing a patterned emitting layer, with line widths of 20 μm and spacing of 85 μm, were demonstrated.

DOI： 10.3169/mta.3.143

記述言語：日本語  

有機強誘電体を用いたカテーテル型触覚センサの表面改質

記述言語：日本語  

有機強誘電体フッ化ビニリデン・三フッ化エチレンランダム共重合体P(VDF/TrFE)に熱処理に伴って界面へ移動する性質をもつ有機ナノ粒子を混合し、絶縁層/強誘電体/絶縁層の3層構造の自発的な作製を試みた。AFM観察では有機ナノ粒子混合による膜形態への影響はみられなかったが、接触角測定において明確な表面改質効果が観察された。さらに、インピーダンス測定により誘電分散特性の解析を行った結果、界面に移動した有機ナノ粒子によって絶縁層/強誘電体絶縁の自発的な3層構造が作製されていることが示唆された。

記述言語：日本語  

中赤外領域に応答感度をもつ焦電型有機赤外線センサ

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Planar-heterojunction (PHJ; pn) solar cells were fabricated using a thermally convertible well soluble benzoporphycene (BPc) precursor and [6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). The conversion temperature was controlled in order to investigate the influence of the crystallinity of the organic semiconducting layer in the PHJ solar cell on the cell performance. The crystallinity of BPc increased with annealing temperature, but the surface roughness did not change. The cell with BPc converted at 250 degrees C had a power conversion efficiency that was 2.5 times better (1.49&#37;) than that of the cell converted at 150 degrees C, and 1.5 times better than the cell with a vacuum-deposited BPc layer. The mobility of BPc, measured from the space charge limited current characteristics, supports a clear correlation between crystallinity and cell performance. Thus, the importance of increasing the crystallinity and mobility in organic solar cells was experimentally demonstrated.

DOI： 10.1039/c4tc00183d

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The crystal growth and unique morphological changes of organic semiconductor rubrene, fabricated by ionic liquid (IL)-assisted vacuum vapor deposition, were investigated. The texture and structure of rubrene films strongly depended on the thickness of IL films on substrates, namely, three-dimensional dendrites in 3D-ILs, two-dimensional microfibrils in 2D-ILs, and two-dimensional spherulites in 0D-ILs. The growth of two-dimensional spherulites would be promoted by the supersaturation of ILs, minutely controlling the rate and total amount of rubrene deposition. The growth mechanisms of rubrene fabricated by IL-assisted vacuum vapor deposition were different from that of the conventional one in terms of the nucleation and growth modes. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.53.05FT03

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The interfacial layer between a liquid crystal (LC) and a polymer alignment sublayer was investigated using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method. The time variations in the optical transmittance through the LC cells and the interfacial viscoelasticity were monitored simultaneously using the QCM to provide a comprehensive picture of the interfacial phenomena associated with the motion of LC molecules both in the bulk and in the interfacial layer. The response time of shift in the resonant resistance associated with the director orientation in the interfacial layer was about 90 ms, while that in the LC bulk was about 5 ms. This indicates that the reorientation of the LC molecules in the vicinity of the interface is much slower than in the bulk. The response time for the changes in thickness of the adsorbed layer, as estimated from the QCM results, was found to be about 1000 ms. These results indicate that the electrorheological response, or the viscoelasticity, in the vicinity of the interface between the LC and the polymer should be taken into account for the development of LC devices. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.02.065

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The ferroelectric properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) during thermal phase transition in the surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) cells were examined. The coercive electric field (E-c) and remanent polarization (P-r) changed with increasing temperature. These temperature-dependent variations of E-c and P-r were in agreement with the differential scanning calorimetry results. Moreover, the fatigue characteristic of the SSFLC cells was examined. No polarized fatigue was observed after 1 x 10(6) cycles of polarization switching, because FLCs may have the self-repair property for structural and interfacial defects. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.53.01AE07

記述言語：日本語  

有機強誘電体を用いたカテール型触覚センサに関する研究

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Photovoltaic properties of organic solar cell with octafluorophthalocyanine as electron acceptors
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells were fabricated using copper-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octafluorophthalocyanine (F8CuPc) as an electron acceptor. Normal and inverted OPV cells using F8CuPc were showed rectification in dark and photovoltaic characteristics under illumination. The inverted-type cell had good durability. The power conversion efficiency (eta) of the inverted-type cell was 0.11&#37;, approximately 6.5 times higher than that of the normal-type cell. The cell using F8CuPc was more stable than that using fullerene in air. These results indicate the possibility of using F8CuPc as an electron acceptor for air-stable OPV cells. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.53.01AB04

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

有機焦電体を用いた人感センシングと安全・安心への応用

記述言語：日本語  

イオン液体電極を用いた有機強誘電体の電気特性評価

記述言語：日本語  

真空中におけるイオン液体の蒸気圧測定と蒸発モデルの提案

記述言語：日本語  

ホスホン酸SAMを用いた銅フタロシアニンの配向制御

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Uniaxially aligned single-crystals of ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer were obtained on a highly-oriented ultra-thin film of vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer P(VDF/TrFE). Trapezoidal shaped plate-like VDF oligomer crystals with 20 nm thickness were selectively grown perpendicularly on P(VDF/TrFE) lamella crystals as a structural template. Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FTIR-RAS) and synchrotron two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (2D-GIXD) revealed that the molecular chain axis (c-axis) of P(VDF/TrFE) oriented to the friction transfer direction with the a-axis perpendicular to the film surface, and the friction-transferred P(VDF/TrFE) film induced the uniaxially aligned nucleation of the VDF oligomer with an epitaxial relationship (010)[001](VDF-oligomer)//(100)[001](P(VDF/TrFE)) in initial crystal growth of VDF oligomer. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.04.023

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Dipotassium-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacyanophthalocyanine-potassium (K2Pc(CN)(8)-K) complex nanograss was fabricated on a single KCl crystal. The process was controlled to achieve monodisperse nanograss with individual rod diameters of 60 nm and lengths of 250 nm. The gaps between the rods were fully covered with K2Pc(CN)(8)-K complex grains. The film continuity at the interface between the substrate and the nanograss layer allowed measurement of the field-effect-transistor characteristics of the material. The K2Pc(CN)(8)-K complex film exhibited n-type conduction characteristics, and the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital was determined to be 5.8 eV. Organic photovoltaic cells containing K2Pc(CN)(8)-K as an n-type semiconductor were also fabricated, and the power-conversion efficiency of a cell containing vertical-aligned-nanograss was approximately four times larger than that of a nanograss dispersed bulk-heterojunction-type cell. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.01.009

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Membrane technology has been widely applied for environmental protection such as water treatment and CO2 reduction. Thus, there is increasing interest in the membrane field in Japan. The first membrane center (Center for Membrane and Film Technology, MaF Tech center) was established at Kobe University in 2007. This center is the only center focusing on membrane technology in Japan. In this paper, academic research activities and projects in Japan, and the cutting-edge research carried out at the MaF Tech center are briefly reviewed Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 2013, 27(1), 3478-3484

DOI： 10.5504/BBEQ.2012.0121

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Submicron-thick free-standing films of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) copolymer, P(VDF/TrFE), were fabricated and characterized for application in lead-free pyroelectric infrared sensors. The pyroelectric current and its responsivity were improved by the freestanding structure of the films owing to the reduced thermal capacity and suppression of thermal diffusion in the sensor element. The pyroelectric current for the 500-nm-thick free-standing film was about 20 times higher than that for a conventional "on-substrate'' P(VDF/TrFE) film element, and the thermal time constant for the 500-nm-thick free-standing film was shortened by 1/6 of that for a conventional "on-substrate'' P(VDF/TrFE) film element. (C) 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.7567/APEX.6.021601

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Three types of bi-functionalized copolymers (P1FAz, P2FAz, and P3FAz) with different numbers of fluorene units and an azobenzene unit were synthesized and characterized using UVvis and polarized absorption spectroanalysis. The trans-cis photoisomerization was conformed under 400 nm light irradiation for all copolymers in chloroform. However, in the film state, only the trans-cis photoisomerization occurred by mono-fluorene attached copolymer poly[(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-4,4'-azobenzene)] (P1FAz). Photo-induced alignment was achieved using the P1FAz film after irradiation with linear polarized 400 nm light and subsequent annealing at 60 degrees C. Surface orientation of a spin-coating film of poly(9,9-didodecylfluorene) (F12) was achieved using the photo-induced alignment layer of the P1FAz film after annealing at 90 degrees C. The photo-induced alignment layer of P1FAz has potential application to the surface orientation technique for appropriate polymers, which will be useful for the fabrication of optoelectronics devices. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012

DOI： 10.1002/pola.26338

記述言語：日本語  

強誘電性有機分子、ビニリデン・フルオライド・オリゴマー(VDFオリゴマー)をp型半導体(CuPc)とn型半導体(C_<60>)の界面に挿入し、その電気特性を評価した。VDFオリゴマーの分極とp型、n型半導体間にはそれぞれ相互作用が生じ、複雑なJ-V特性を示した。有機薄膜太陽電池への応用を目指しVDFオリゴマーの超薄膜化を試みたが、従来基板に対して平行配向膜を得られていた条件においても界面近傍では基板に依らず垂直配向膜となった。垂直配向から平行配向へ変化する転移膜厚は約20nmと見積もられた。

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

In the present study, we investigated the piezoelectric properties of organic ferroelectrics for use in medical tactile sensor applications, especially for intravascular surgery, by means of both experimental analyses and mathematical simulations. First, we measured the piezoelectric properties of the organic ferroelectrics. Second, we investigated the palpation in vivo by the tactile sensor composed of organic ferroelectrics using a computer-based surgical simulator to simulate a catheter and a guidewire in blood vessels for treatment of the brain which we have previously developed. We used the experimental results for the simulation parameters. Our catheter and guidewire simulator shows that when the mechanical properties of the blood vessel was changed partially assuming that these changes occur by a disease, the sensor outputs changed. The findings obtained confirm the feasibility of this sensor for improving catheter manipulation and palpation of living tissue.

DOI： 10.1109/ICETET.2012.13

記述言語：日本語  

強誘電性結晶硫酸トリグリシン(TGS)をゲート絶縁体層として用い、TGS分極面上に作製した有機半導体トランジスタ特性を評価した。TGSの分極方向に依存したドレイン電流の変調が確認され、ゲート電圧0V分極下向き時において蓄積層の形成が示唆された。TGSの分極方向が下向き時のon状態と分極方向が上向き時のoff状態でのドレイン電流のon/off比は10^2～10^3となった。温度上昇に伴うトランジスタ特性を評価したところon/off比・しきい値電圧の低下が観察された。キュリー温度近傍において急激にその特性が変化し、ドレイン電流の立ち上がりが見られなくなった。その後、室温まで戻し測定を行ったところトランジスタ特性を示したことからTGSキュリー温度での強誘電相⇔常誘電相の相変化に伴うドレイン電流の変調が確認された。

記述言語：日本語  

サブミクロンギャップ櫛型を用いることで、従来構造では不可能であった垂直配向したVDFオリゴマー薄膜の面内分極反転による強誘電特性評価を行った。電流密度-電界(J-E)スイッチング特性の結果、正/負極性において明瞭な分極反転に起因するピークを観測した。J-Eスイッチング特性の温度依存性を行ったところ、平行配向膜では測定困難な370Kにおいても分極反転に成功した。295Kから370Kへと昇温するに従い、Ecは124MV/mから40MV/mへと低下し、VDFオリゴマーの分子軸回りの回転運動が促進され、電界応答性が非常に向上することがわかった。垂直配向VDFオリゴマーを用いることで、熱に脆弱な有機デバイスの耐熱性を370Kまで向上することができた。

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The mechanism for negative photochromism of spiropyran in silica was investigated. Prior to our study, the chemical origin of the high thermal stability of the photomerocyanine form (PMC-form) dispersed in perhydropolysilazane (PHPS), which is converted to silica at ambient temperature, had been investigated. The high thermal stability of the PMC-form is attributed to the protonated PMC-form (H center dot PMC-form), which is produced by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between oxide anions generated by the cleavage of the C-O bonds and the partially uncondensed Si-OH and O-H bonds of silica. Furthermore, the H center dot PMC-form could be thermally isomerized from the SP-form without UV light irradiation. This specific phenomenon is caused by the so-called negative photochromism. In this study, we proposed a mechanism for negative photochromism according to the relationship of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The relationship between the HOMOs was determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). On the other hand, the relationship between the LUMOs was determined from the respective optical bandgap. As a result, the HOMO level of H center dot PMC-form was -6.1?eV and that of SP-form was -5.3?eV. Accordingly, the thermodynamic stabilization of H center dot PMC-form was attributed to the thermal isomerization through negative photochromism from the SP-form. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/poc.1926

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Oriented thin films of a poorly soluble polythiophene, poly[benzo[1,2-d: 4,5-d'] bisthiazole-2,6-diyl (3',4,4 '',4'''-tetradodecyl[2,2': 5',2 '': 5 '',2'''-quaterthiophene]-5,5'''-diyl)], were fabricated using the friction-transfer technique. The detail of the film structure was investigated using polarized UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction observations. The friction-transfer technique enables control of the anisotropic carrier transport according to the face-on and/or edge-on molecular orientations in films with one-directionally aligned polymer backbones. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4718424]

DOI： 10.1063/1.4718424

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A composite film containing photochromic spiropyran dye 1 and BaFCl:Eu was developed for X-ray dose measurement at a level of a few dozen gray (Gy). The reflectance intensity at selected wavelength, obtained from X-radiation, can be satisfactorily related to the absorbed dose in the range of 0-30 Gy. The composite film shows significant color change in the visible region, and the sensitivity of the composite to the absorbed dose was achieved based on the high molar extinction coefficient of the photomerocyanine form of dye 1. For practical application, the photoinduced blue area indicates an X-radiated area, and the initial pale pink area indicates an unexposed area. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/poc.1936

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A uniaxially oriented film of ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer was fabricated by vacuum deposition on a friction-transferred vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer; i.e., P(VDF/TrFE), film as a structural template. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements revealed that the ultra thin P(VDF/TrFE) film induced the formation of the ferroelectric form I crystal phase and the uniaxial orientation of what to the VDF oligomer by epitaxial growth. The VDF oligomer/P(VDF/TrFE) films exhibit ferroelectric hysteresis loops with a coercive field and a remanent polarization of 150MV/m and 77mC/m(2), respectively; however, VDF oligomer films without a structural template showed no ferroelectric properties. (C) 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.51.04DK05

記述言語：英語  

Vinylidene fluoride [VDF] oligomer is a novel substance with a smaller number of VDF units and lower molecular weight than poly(vinylidene fluoride) [PVDF]. We previously reported that the piezoelectric coefficient of VDF oligomer was greater than that of vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene copolymer [P(VDF/TrFE)], and that a film composed of VDF oligomer was thin and uniform. However, the piezoelectric coefficients measured with our experimental setup using pneumatic pressure were very large. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the pyroelectricity and the substrate constraints on the piezoelectric effects of VDF oligomer by means of both experimental analyses and mathematical simulations. First, we showed that the output charge of the pyroelectric effect is large, according to our measurements. Second, we showed using the finite element method that the piezoelectric effects in the thickness direction of the film are weakened when the film is constrained by the substrate. We then estimated the piezoelectric coefficient of VDF oligomer and P(VDF/TrFE). The estimated value for P(VDF/TrFE) is similar to that reported in other previous studies.

DOI： 10.1299/jmmp.6.975

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Pillarlike crystals of pentacene were fabricated by heat treatment of 13,6-N-sulfinylacetamidopentacene ( SAP) thin films prepared from a soluble precursor. As-spun SAP films were composed of a continuous amorphous layer. SAP molecules were converted to pentacene by an elimination reaction by heat treatment at 110 degrees C. When the SAP film was heat-treated at 170 degrees C, the pentacene molecules formed pillarlike crystals of uniform height, wherein they took an edge-on orientation with respect to the substrate. (C) 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.1143/APEX.4.121603

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Thin films of fluorescent molecules were prepared by friction-transfer and investigated by UV-vis absorption and PL measurements and TEM observation. Molecules with a long skeleton were aligned nearly horizontally and parallel to the friction direction in the film. Such in-plane orientation is advantageous in fabricating OLEDs with respect to light-outcoupling efficiency.

DOI： 10.1246/cl.2011.1288

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Original telomers based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF), C(n)F(2n+1)(VDF)(m)(CH(2)CH(2))(p)I, where n=4 or 6, m=5-23 and = 0 or 1, were synthesized, and the piezoelectric properties of the materials were investigated. Low-molecular-weight polyvinylidene fluorides (PVDFs) were prepared in good yields by iodine transfer polymerization of VDF. The polymerization of VDF was conducted in the presence of 1-iodoperfluoroalkanes (C(4)F(9)I or C(6)F(13)I) and bis(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, which were used as a chain transfer agent and initiator, respectively. The microstructures of VDF telomers were carefully characterized by (1)H and (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess the average molecular weights and the percentage of CH(2)CF(2)I functionality (that ranged from 47 to 86&#37;). X-ray diffraction patterns of these telomers indicated that PVDFs with <7 VDF units displayed the alpha-form. Alternatively, telomers containing a higher amount of VDF possessed both alpha- and beta-forms. Ethylene endcapping of CnF(2n+1)(VDF)(m)I was also successfully achieved in high yield, and the telomeric precursors were converted quantitatively. Moreover, three VDF telomers were vaporized into films, and the piezoelectric properties of the materials were assessed. The results revealed that C(6)F(13)(VDF)(23)I and C(4)F(9)(VDF)(21)I telomer films displayed piezoelectric responses (d(33)=268 pC N(-1)) and high remanent polarizations (Pr=98.2 and 93.4mCm(-2), respectively). In addition, C(4)F(9)(VDF)(21)C(2)H(4)I exhibited interesting ferroelectric properties (Pr=89.9 mC m(-2)). Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 171-179; doi: 10.1038/pj.2010.102; published online 8 December 2010

DOI： 10.1038/pj.2010.102

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Crystalline thin films of beta-phase poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)
The detailed structure of crystalline beta-phase poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) films was studied by polarized optical measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. Crystalline beta-phase PFO thin films were fabricated by a friction transfer technique and subsequent vapor treatment. Compared to the alpha-phase, the lattice parameters of the beta-phase crystals shrank along the a-axis (film thickness direction) and elongated along the b-axis (side-chain direction), but the period along the c-axis (main-chain direction) remained nearly equal. These changes in molecular packing were consistent with a planar conformational change from the alpha-phase to the beta-phase of PFO. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.10.048

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Alkyl substituent effects on J- or H-aggregate formation of bisazomethine dyes

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The current-voltage characteristics of benzoporphine-fullerene solar cells were measured subsequent to the deposition of Al as a cathode material. Even in vacuum, a shift in the open circuit voltage was observed at 20 min after Al deposition. Moreover, the displacement of inert gases (N(2) or Ar) in the evaporation chamber enhanced the photovoltaic parameters. The power conversion efficiency was increased by 24&#37; over the initial characteristics (from 1.04&#37; to 1.29&#37;), which indicates that the structure of the organic-metal interface changed rapidly after Al deposition, even if the process was performed in an air-free glovebox. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3516469]

DOI： 10.1063/1.3516469

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Ferroelectric polymer thin films are interesting for applications in flexible and lightweight electronic equipment. Among the ferroelectric polymers, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) possesses the highest theoretical ferroelectric moment. However, development of single-step production methods of PVDF thin films containing a significant ferroelectric moment is difficult, due to the large number of processing requirements that need to be fulfilled simultaneously: film deposition, ferroelectric beta-phase formation, and dipole alignment. Nonetheless, electrospray deposition appears to be a promising method. The structure of electrospray-deposited films has been studied by infrared absorption and the ferroelectricity of the films has been determined by AFM methods and by macroscopic I-V measurements. Films prepared with solutions of 0.05 wt&#37; PVDF in DMF consist solely of small ferroelectric beta-phase crystallites embedded in amorphous phase. The formation and alignment of beta-phase dipoles occur progressively during electrospray deposition because of the ion current present in electrospray. Moreover, if the non-ferroelectric alpha-phase is initially present in the film, it disappears progressively as a function of spray time. Thus, electrospray can provide PVDF thin films with a level of ferroelectricity depending on the spray current and on the spray time.

DOI： 10.1039/c0jm01265c

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3169/itej.64.1316

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Reverse photochromism of spiropyran in silica

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Reversible Multi-Coloring Reaction of Spironaphtooxazine Controlled by Long-Chain Molecule

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Fabrication of One-Dimensionally Oriented Fluorene-Thiophene Copolymer Thin Films and Anisotropic Transistor Characteristics
One-dimensionally oriented poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) thin films with the thickness of approximately 50 nm were deposited by friction-transfer technique. Films were investigated using polarized optical spectroscopy. The dichroic ratio of absorption was estimated to be approximately eight. By means of transmission electron microscope (TEM), we revealed that the main-chains of F8T2 were aligned along the friction direction. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images of as-prepared films showed a roughened surface, whereas the film after subsequent thermal treatment showed remarkably smooth surface. Field-effect transistors utilizing the friction-transferred F8T2 films exhibited a field-effect mobility of 1.88 x 10(-4) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) along the friction direction, which is about six times higher than that perpendicular to the friction direction. (C) 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.49.01AE13

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A cationic spiropyran iodide derivative (SPI) was synthesized as a photoresponsive compound, and SPI/montmorillonite clay hybrid films were prepared using ion- and guest-exchange intercalation methods. When the ion-exchange method was applied to clay with a low cation-exchange capacity (CEC) intercalation, of SPI into clay interlayers did not occur. Using the clay with a high CEC SPI was intercalated into clay interlayer and the interlayer distances were elongated. Upon UV and visible light irradiation, SPI in hybrid film photoisomerized reversibly and the interlayer distance also changed reversibly. On the other hand, intercalation by the guest-exchange method using cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as a preexchanging reagent was independent on the CEC. After the addition of SPI, the CTAB in the clay interlayers was exchanged for SPI, but a partial CTAB remained in the interlayer. SPI in the hybrid films prepared by the guest-exchange method photoisomerized reversibly without any change in interplanar distance due to the coexisted CTAB. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.07.042

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The conformationat change and the alignment behavior of poly-4BCMU were investigated in compression, de-compression and re-compression process using LB method. In compression process, the conformation of poly-4BCMU changed from random-coil conformation to rigid-rod one. With the increase of surface pressure, poly-4BCMU with rigid-rod conformation gathered into bundles and they aligned perpendicular to the compressing direction. Once stopping the compression and releasing the surface pressure, the bundle textures released packing. In this process (de-compression process), the conformational change never occurred. Discrete slender fibrils gathered again in re-compression process, resulting in the formation of close-packed bundles with high molecular ordering. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.07.093

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Photo-induced molecular alignment behavior of spin-coated poly(4,4'-azo benzene pyromellitamic acid) (PAA(azo)) film was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement, atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscope observation. As-spun PAA(azo) flm was found to be smooth and uniform with an amorphous structure. Upon irradiation of linearly polarized ultraviolet light, the molecular ordering and crystallization were induced, and the film surface was roughened slightly. The PAA (azo) film converted to poly(4,4'-azobenzene pyromellitimide) (PI(azo)) film with higher ordering and crystallinity by subsequent thermal treatment. The PI(azo) film was useful as an active layer to introduce the molecular alignment of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.07.090

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The photoswitching behavior of a diarylethene/glass/bisazomethine (DE/glass/BAE) three-layered structure was investigated. Upon UV light irradiation of 300 nm, DE in the three-layered structure was isomerized by a cyclization photochromic reaction and its color changed from red to deep red. BAE is a blue-violet compound with strong absorption in the region from 400 to 600 nm and fluorescence from 550 to 700 nm. When UV radiation having a wavelength of 300 nm was irradiated on the BAE layer, DE underwent a cycloreversion photochromic reaction, and its color changed from deep red to red due to fluorescence from BAE at 604 nm. Exposure of the BAE layer to visible light did not induce the decoloration of DE because visible light induces the cycloreversion of DE was absorbed by BAE. We demonstrated that DE/glass/BAE three-layered structure has a potential application for photoswitching using a single UV light source. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.optmat.2009.05.005

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The crystal structure of ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer [CF(3)(CH(2)CF(2))(n)I] (n = 12) thin films has been investigated in detail. Films with molecular orientations parallel and perpendicular to the silicon substrate were prepared by deposition at substrate temperatures of 120 K (low-T(s)) and 310 K (high-T(s)), respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed a base-centered monoclinic structure with space group Cm and lattice parameters a = 0.488 nm, b = 0.865 nm, and c = 3.137/sin beta nm (the monoclinic angle beta could not be evaluated). The average density of both films determined from X-ray reflectivity (2.0-2.1 g/cm(3)) was lower than that calculated from the lattice parameters (2.42 g/cm(3)) due to the surface topology. Small crystal grains are loosely packed in the low-T(s) film, while large hexagonal grains increase the surface roughness in the high-T(s) film. In both films, furthermore, the even lower density (1.5-1.7 g/cm(3)) near the film-substrate interface suggests that the molecules are aligned vertically in this region.

DOI： 10.1021/ma802639r

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： 10.1109/ISE.2008.4814031

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Organic ferroelectrics such as poly (vinylidene fluoride) [PVDF] and its copolymer with trifluoroethylene [P (VDF/TrFE) ] are promising materials that could be used as tactile sensors due to their attractive features. However, it is difficult to fabricate well-ordered polymer films with a nanoscale thickness because polymers naturally have mixed structures of both crystalline and amorphous phases. vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer is a new substance with a smaller number of VDF units and lower molecular weight than PVDF, and has the largest reported remanent polarization among organic ferroelectrics. Therefore, the piezoelectric effect of VDF oligomer was evaluated with a view to its application as a new tactile sensor. The piezoelectric coefficient of VDF oligomer was found to be greater than that of P (VDF/TrFE) copolymer, and a film composed of VDF oligomer was thin and uniform. These results confirm that VDF oligomer is a promising ferroelectric material for use in tactile sensors.

DOI： 10.7210/jrsj.26.711

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The piezoelectric effect of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer was evaluated with respect to its medical use as a new tactile sensor. VDF oligomer is a new substance that has a smaller number of VDF units and a lower molecular weight than poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF); among the organic ferroelectrics, it has the largest reported remanent polarization. In this work, the performance of a prototype sensor device based on this material was evaluated. The piezoelectric coefficient of VDF oligomer was found to be greater than that of P(VDF/TrFE) copolymer; a film composed of VDF oligomer was thin and uniform. Based on the experimental results, possible applications of VDF oligomer in medical tactile sensors are discussed. This study confirms that VDF oligomer is a promising ferroelectric material for use in tactile sensors. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.sna.2008.01.015

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Polarization fatigue mechanism in organic ferroelectrics, structures at interface between ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride oligomer and Al electrode under the repeated polarization switching process were investigated by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Al2O3 layer at interface was formed with increasing the number of polarization reversal. The fori-nation of oxide layer will be strongly related to polarization reversal, thus the repeated charge and discharge process by polarization reversal may promote the oxidation of Al electrode. Furthermore, the structural and orientation changes in ferroelectric molecular films by applying the electric field were observed. The formation of Al2O3 layer, as well as the structural changes in thin films, is affected to polarization fatigue process of ferroelectric organic devices. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The ferroelectric behaviors of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer thin films deposited on various bottom electrode materials (i.e., Au, Pt, Al, Al2O3/Al, and Al2O3/Au) were investigated. The coercive electric fields and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the switching current peak of VDF oligomer thin films on the Au and Pt bottom electrodes were respectively lower and narrower than those of Al. These results indicate that the native oxide layer Al2O3 on the Al electrode surface works as a linear capacitor on ferroelectric capacitors. However, ferroelectric capacitors using Au and Pt bottom electrodes have the tendency to easily break down with the sudden application of an electric field. Their polarization switching and fatigue lifetime are affected by electrode material and the ferroelectric/metal interface.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.47.1259

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We produced local polarized domains of ferroelectric P(VDF/TrFE) copolymer thin films on a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CN-FET) channel by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The drain current versus gate voltage (I(d)-V(g)) curves measured after forming the local polarized domains showed a shift in the threshold voltages. We also found that the amount of the shifts in the threshold voltages gradually decreased during the measurement of this characteristic over 100 h after forming the polarized domains. The mechanisms of the shifts in the threshold voltages and their decreasing behaviour were explained in terms of the excessive charges that were induced upon the formation of the polarized domains.

DOI： 10.1088/0957-4484/19/03/035202

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In order to simplify the design and to further improve the integration, programmable, three-dimensional circuits are required alongside the development of fine process technology. We demonstrate the operation of programmable logic gates using organic ferroelectrics. Three-dimensionally stacked organic ferroelectric capacitors were assembled, which form logic elements with two inputs and one output. By controlling the directions of the electric dipoles, we have demonstrated the logical "and" and "or" operations using our device.

DOI： 10.1063/1.2805219

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The ferro- and piezoelectric properties of vinylidene fluoride oligomer thin films fabricated on flexible polymer substrates were investigated under mechanical bending. Rectangular electric-displacement-electric-field hysteresis curves were observed for a polyimide substrate, and the remanent polarization and coercive electric field were unaffected on one-dimensional bending with a radius of curvature down to 10 mm. The piezoelectric charge generated by the bending and restoring process was measured and found to be dependent on the radius of curvature. These results indicate the possibility using the vinylidene fluoride oligomer in the construction of both flexible nonvolatile memories and curvature sensors. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

DOI： 10.1063/1.2740117

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Organic molecular memories are expected to become one of the essential key devices in the next-generation flexible digital instruments, and in this paper a novel non-volatile organic memory will be introduced. It is shown that the polarization switching characteristics in the ferroelectric films of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer and P(VDF/TrFE) copolymer change with their structural factors such as crystallinity and chain length of the materials, and the switching time becomes shorter and shorter with increasing applied electric field and reaches in the order of nano-second. Moreover, the possibilities of the application of such thin organic ferroelectric films to an infrared image sensor as well as the creation of the ultra high-density molecular memory by utilizing recent scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique will be discussed.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have developed a molecular orientation control technique for polymers utilizing contact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this paper, we studied the molecular alignment mechanism of this technique by applying it to poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)). The resultant alignment and formed crystal size were strongly dependent on the temperature during the modification. They also depended on the scan line spacing of the modification. These results made the alignment mechanism clear. The obtained molecular alignment was stable against the heat treatment even at the temperatures just below T-m. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.12.088

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The structures and electronic states of phenyl-capped terthiophene (denoted by P3T) and the ionic species of P3T have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) and direct MO dynamics calculations. P3T is one of the high-performance molecular devices, which has been utilized as a semi-conductor. The calculations indicated that the neutral P3T has a non-planar structure whose the phenyl rings in both ends of thiophene chain are largely deviated from the molecular plane. The cation and anion radicals, dication and dianion were considered as its ionic states. The structure for cation radical of P3T is close to more planar than that of neutral P3T. The structures for anion radical, dication and dianion take a pure planar structure. The first excitation energy of neutral P3T is calculated to be 2.90 eV at the TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d)HB3LYP/6-311+G(d) level, while the P3T cation and anion radicals have lower excitation energies (1.22 and 1. 10 eV, respectively). The direct MO dynamics calculation showed that neutral, cation and anion hold near planar structure at 300 K. On the other hand, oligothiophene (n = 5) and its ionic species are strongly deformed from the planar structure, and thiophene rings in both ends of chain rotate rapidly by thermal activation. The mechanism of the electron conductivity in P3T was discussed on the basis of theoretical results. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.03.003

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Organic ultrathin transistors with a 3-mu m-length channel were fabricated using dimethylquinquethiophene molecules. The local structures of the films and electric potential profiles across the channels were investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy with the gate electrode grounded. We found that the local carrier mobility was much higher for the second-layer regions than for the monolayer regions from potential profiles measured while the gate electrode was electrically grounded. However, the macroscopic carrier mobility increased only slightly by increasing the number of molecular layers. One of the possible reasons for this contradiction was the large contact resistance at the source/channel interface, which was apparently observed in the potential profiles. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Tungsten oxide (WO3) ultrathin film with high optical transparency is deposited on indium-tin oxide glass as hole injection layer of organic light emitting device (OLED). As-deposited WO3 film is amorphous and insulating, wherein the buffer thickness of 0.5 nm shows enhancement of hole injection in OLED. The device performance is further enhanced after the as-deposited WO3 film is thermally treated, which is ascribed to lowering of the effective energy barrier height for hole injection. The annealed buffer layer is identified to be a semiconductor with crystalline structure. Although the thickness of the annealed WO3 buffer layer is up to 1.5 nm, the device performance is still better than that of unmodified OLED. The difference in anodic buffer thickness dependent device performance for both types of WO3 films is determined by the electrical property. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.03.019

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The influence of doping location and width of fluorescent dimethylquinacridone (DMQA) molecules on the performance of organic light emitting devices has been systematically investigated. While the doped zone is located at the interface of the hole transport layer (HTL) and the light emitting layer (EML), doping in the HTL leads to significant improvement of the external quantum efficiency relative to the undoped device, whereas the efficiency is lower than that of doping in the EML. This phenomenon is explained according to the electroluminescence (EL) process of the doped DMQA, which is dominated by Forster energy transfer. Additionally, a device with dual doping in both HTL and EML exhibits the highest efficiency. The EL and photoluminescence spectra are also dependent on the doping sites.

DOI： 10.1088/0022-3727/38/3/007

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (VDF) molecular films were fabricated by simple vacuum evaporation method, and the ferroelectric properties and its fatigue were investigated. Formation of ferroelectric phase in VDF oligomer with low molecular weight is favored at low substrate temperature around -150 degrees C. The well-ordered VDF oligomer thin films exhibit a lager value of remanent polarization(130mC/m(2)) than that of Poly(VDF). Fatigues of polarization reversal can be performed over 10<^>5 cycles. The VDF oligomer films can be one of candidates for disposable nonvolatile memory with unique features such as flexible, wide areas and low cost processing.

記述言語：英語  

In order to fabricate nano-gap electrodes for organic field effect transistors (OFETs), we proposed a simple technique to fabricate the nano-gap electrodes using over etching method. The gap was controlled about 250 nm on Si substrate. We have succeeded making nano-gap electrodes whose resistance was 7.5TΩ. Then, the nano-gap electrodes as source-drain electrodes were applied to OFETs and characteristics were measured. The I_d-V_d characteristics of the similar value as OFETs with micron channel were observed.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We fabricate the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), which have dot array structures with organic layer, and discuss the improvement of coupling-out efficiency.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have succeeded in the orientation control of molecular chains in high-density polyethylene thin films using an atomic force microscope as a modification tool. To modify the molecular orientation, we scanned a cantilever tip in contact with the film surface while the film temperature was kept just below its melting point. This "modification scan" aligned molecular chains parallel to the scan direction, thus well-aligned lamellar crystals were subsequently formed. Since polyethylene is the most simple linear crystalline polymer, the result strongly suggests the applicability of the technique to many other linear polymers, which promisingly expands its potential for device applications.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.43.L1390

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We successfully controlled the molecular orientation of flat-on lamellar crystals of the ferroelectric copolymer, vinylidenefluoride and trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)), on Pt and All surfaces utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM). The orientation was controlled by scanning a cantilever tip in contact with the film surface whose temperature was kept at just below its melting point (T-m). The molecules were stretched in the scan direction and new edge-oil crystals were subsequently formed, whose lamellar planes were perpendicular to the scan direction. We also attempted to modify an isotactic poly-1-butene (IPB) thin film and a polyaniline emeraldine base (PAN1-EB) thin film utilizing AFM. In the case of IPB film, structures similar to edge-on crystals of P(VDF-TrFE) were obtained when modified with the film temperature kept at just below its T-m. The result strongly suggests that this orientation control technique is also applicable to IPB. On the other hand, in the case of PAN1-EB film, we could obtain many ellipsoidal grains in the scanned area. One possible mechanism is that PAN1-EB molecular chains were stretched parallel to the modification scan to form fibrils or bundles.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.43.4575

記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.14989/57874

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have developed an orientation control technique for polymer molecules utilizing contact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this technique, the molecular chains were directly modified by scanning an AFM cantilever tip in contact with the film surface at the temperature just below its melting point. We call this process "modification scan". Here, we applied this technique to poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) thin films on graphite and glass. We prepared a 75-nm thick copolymer crystalline film on graphite whose lamellar plane was perpendicular to the substrate (edge-on), and also prepared a film of the same thickness on glass whose lamellar plane was parallel to the substrate (flat-on). After applying this technique on both films, molecular chains were stretched and aligned to the modification scan direction, and new edge-on crystals were obtained, whose lamellar planes were well-aligned perpendicular to the modification scan direction. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.01.015

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Sn-Bi alloy is one of the representative low temperature type lead-free solders. However, the bonding properties of the Sn-Bi solder are not good. The reason for such properties is related to Bi microcrystallines that segregate at the interface between the solder and a Cu substrate. We found that ultrasound improves the bonding strength for the Sn-Bi alloy system solders by dispersing and miniaturizing the Bi crystals. To achieve such dispersion. we invented a novel ultrasonic soldering technique. By using this technique, ultrasound can be applied to printed wiring boards (PWB). Besides the improved bonding strength, we found that the temperature of a PWB is increased by the application of ultrasound to the PWB. Sn-58 mass&#37;Bi solder is melted by the vibrational energy of ultrasound without other heating methods. Moreover. the interfacial layer between the Sn-58Bi solder and the Cu land is homogenized by ultrasound. Also, the interfacial layer between the Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder and a Cu land becomes thinner by ultrasound. We believe that these changes in the interfacial structure improve the mechanical properties of the solders. Therefore, ultrasonic soldering technique will improve the usability and reliability of Sn-Bi alloy system solders.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The-pyroelectricity of ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (VDF)-oligomer [CF3 (CH2CF2)(17)I]-evaporated film was investigated utilizing a low-frequency sinusoidal heat source. A current profile appeared as the summation of a fundamental sine wave with a frequency of the temperature change and its harmonic responses. The pyroelectric coefficient (p) of the 600-nm-thick VDF oligomer film was estimated to be -68 muC/m(2)K at 37degreesC, whose absolute value is larger than those reported for ferroelectric polymers. Various characteristics such as a large |p|, a small dielectric constant and suitability for preparation of thinner films suggest that the VDF oligomer is a promising material for application in pyroelectric thin-film infrared detectors.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.42.L1334

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Structures and electrical properties of oligothiophene molecular films were investigated using Kelvin-probe force microscopy. In particular, the surface potential of the monolayer films in the vicinity of the ultrathin Pt electrode and the monolayer connected to both electrodes with a bias voltage were studied. In addition, bottom-contact-type field effect transistors (FETs) using the thiophene monolayers as gate channels were fabricated. Carrier transport in the organic layer,of the FET was investigated on a nanometer scale by surface potential mapping.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.42.4852

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We fabricated a trench structure on an ultrathin, flat Pt film by a scratching technique using an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. Precise control of the loading force of the tip during the scratching process made it possible to fabricate a fine trench structure without Pt debris on both sides of the trench. Nanogap electrodes were made by this method. Their electrical isolation was confirmed by Kelvin-probe force microscopy (KFM) measurements. Furthermore, we evaporated methylquin-quethiophen (M5T) molecules onto the nanogap electrodes and measured the current-to-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the M5T film. We demonstrated that electrical measurements by KFM, utilizing ultrathin Pt nanogap electrodes, was a very attractive method of investigating the local properties of organic molecular films.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.42.4173

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have developed an aligning technique for polymer crystals and molecular chains utilizing contact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). We have aligned lamellar crystals and molecular chains of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) thin films. By scanning the film surface using an AFM cantilever tip at the temperature range of 70-100degreesC, we aligned the crystals to the scan direction. Moreover, we successfully aligned the molecular chains to the scan direction by scanning at a higher temperature (135degreesC). The aligned chains subsequently formed large lamellar crystals, which were still ferroelectric. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.

DOI： 10.1063/1.1581974

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Remanent polarization of evaporated films of vinylidene fluoride was investigated. Hysteresis curves were also realized. The film was found to have an extremely high crystallinity, and the electric dipoles arrange almost perpendicular to the film surface. The obtained value of coercive field was attributed to the steric hindrance.

DOI： 10.1063/1.1540231

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Structures and electrical properties of newly synthesised vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer [CF3(CH2CF2)(17)I] films evaporated onto various substrates around liquid nitrogen temperature were investigated. As a result, the VDF oligomer films were mailly formed with ferroelectric phase (form I ) crystals and the molecular chains were oriented parallel to the substrate surfaces regardless of both the kind of the substrates and the thickness of the VDF oligomer films. In addition to these properties, the VDF oligomer films showed polarization reversal due to 180degrees rotation of the polar VDF oligomer molecules according to the applied voltages. This ferroelectric behavior was verified by local poling and piezoresponse measurements with an atomic force microscope, and by measurements of D-E hysteresis curves.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Surface lattice displacements of titanium dioxide (TiO2: rutile) during ultra-violet (UV) light irradiation have been investigated using a total reflection x-ray diffraction, which provides a high signal to noise ratio (S/N) and superior in-plane surface diffraction. Under the environments in vapors of H2O, CH3OH, C2H5OH and C3H6OH, the photo-catalytic activities of TiO2 (110), (100) and (001) surfaces subject to UV irradiation have been measured. It is found that the diffraction peaks and their full width half maxima (FWHMs) show some peculiarities with respect to the photo-catalytic activities in both surface lattices and adsorbed molecules in vapors. Furthermore, Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) has showed that there exists a very high surface potential, probably due to surface atom displacements induced by UV irradiation. With regard to the origin of the photo-catalytic activities, the induced surface potentials are discussed.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

We have studied the electronic properties of single crystal rutile TiO2(110) with surface electrical techniques; impedance spectroscopy and high sensitivity DC measurements. In the impedance spectroscopy we observed a spectrum involved in the dissociation of pure water on the TiO2 surface under UV irradiation. In the high sensitivity DC measurements we observed oscillations of the surface photo-current with three different long periodicities, which might have originated from the oxidation and reduction processes of water on TiO2 via photo-catalytic reactions induced by UV irradiation.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Nanometer-scale electrical properties of local ferroelectric domains formed in thin films of newly synthesized vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Local poling and observation of the piezoelectric response revealed that the polarized domains were reversibly formed and erased in a nanometer-thick film by applying dc or pulse voltages between the electrically conductive AFM tip and the bottom electrode. The formed domain size depends on the pulse poling conditions and increases when the magnitude and the duration of a pulse voltage are increased. A local domain with a diameter of 65 nm was successfully created. The results in this work are comparable to those of previous studies performed on ferroelectric polymer thin films, suggesting that this material is one of the promising candidates for ferroelectric applications such as high-density data storages, and for molecular controls of ferroelectric properties.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.40.4361

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Surface structures and local surface potential of oligothiophene single molecular films deposited on metal substrates were investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy using the frequency modulation detection method, Two-dimensional growth of the dimethylquinquethiophene (DM5T) films with the molecular axes perpendicular to the metal substrates was observed. Furthermore, the obtained surface potential of the DM5T film was 170 mV higher than that of Pt substrate and 200 mV lower than that of Ta substrate.

記述言語：英語  

<p>Structural and electrical properties of newly synthesized vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer thin film have been investigated. The FTIR spectrum showed that the epitaxially grown film on KBr(001) substrate consists of form I (β phase) crystals and their c axes (molecular axes) and b axes (polar axes) are arranged parallel to the KBr substrate. To make electrical measurements possible, this film was transferred onto a gold bottom electrode without causing any changes in the crystalline structures. By using a modified atomic force microscope, we succeeded in the formation of local polarized domains as well as the clear observation of piezoresponse hysteresis curves in this sample. The coercive field and piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) for the 37-nm-thick film were about 200 MV/m and -3 pm/V, respectively. It was suggested that the b axis in the as-grown film rotated from the parallel to the perpendicular direction to the film surface during the poling process. This study reveals the ferroelectric characteristics in the VDF oligomer thin films for the first time.</p>

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.39.6358

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

The characteristics and applicable studies of the x rays scattered and propagating near the most upper surface of the substrate under the total reflection condition are described. Since the peak energy of the x rays gives direct information on the electron density of the surface materials, some experiments have been first conducted to confirm this. Then, an in-situ observation of oxidization processes for evaporated Cu films has been also conducted under a UV irradiation and an acid vapor exposure, revealing that there exist several oxidizing stages in time variations, namely a slight increase in the electron density at the initial stage, subsequently an abrupt decrease, and then steady value suggesting the sealing-off mechanism in the oxidization phenomena.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

The structural and electric properties of newly synthesized vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer thin films evaporated on various substrate were investigated. The structural behavior of the VDF oligomer thin films strongly depended on the kinds of substrate and substrate temperature during film preparation. In particular, the VDF oligomers epitaxially grew on KBr(001), aligned their molecular chain along the <110> direction of substrate surface, and were similar to polar Form I-type crystals of poly(VDF). While, the thin films evaporated on NaCl(001), SiO2/Si were non-polar Form II-type or mixture of bath Form I- and Form II-type crystals with their molecular chain normal to the surface. These facts indicated that crystal field of substrate, based on van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, strongly influenced to ferroelectric phase transition of the VDF oligomer. In addition, we demonstrate the formation of the local polarized domains in the epitaxial crystals by applying electric pulses from a conducting AFM probe used as a positionable top-electrode, and confirm their piezoelectricity of the VDF oligomers for the first time.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Structures and crystal transformation of the newly synthesized vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer with large electric dipoles evaporated on KCl (001) at various substrate temperatures have been investigated by an energy dispersive-grazing incidence x-ray diffraction system, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope (AFM). It was revealed that the molecules grow epitaxially and are influenced greatly by forces of the crystal surface field in terms of van der Waals or electrostatic potentials, and found that the phase transformation from form II (α phase) to form I (β phase) is induced by raising the temperature of the substrate from 50 to 80°C, accompanying the alternation in the crystal axes on the substrate from the a axis of form II to the polar b axis of the form I crystal. This fact suggests that the molecular chain of VDF oligomers aligns their c axes along the 〈110〉 row of K+ or Cl- with the aid of electrostatic interaction under enough thermal movement. Moreover, in the transformation process, a pair of "rod-like" crystals, suggesting ferroelectric activity, were observed by AFM. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

DOI： 10.1063/1.371279

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In order to investigate the correlation between the molecular orientation and the optical characteristics of ultrathin films of permethyl-dodecasilane, CH3{Si(CH3)(2)}(12)CH3 (DM12), we grew the films on quartz, KBr and KCl by molecular beam deposition, and characterized them by optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and photoexcitation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. We found that DM12 molecules formed a monolayer on quartz with their molecular chains' perpendicular to the surface, while DM12 films grew on KBr and KCl with their molecular axis oriented parallel to the surfaces. These films exhibited quite different absorption spectra as a result of their molecular orientation and the interaction between molecules. The PL spectra obtained for the films on quartz and KBr were, however, almost the same, indicating that the origin of the luminescence was the localized states such as defects on the chains.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A newly synthesized vinylidene fluoride oligomer (OVDF), for which ferroelectric properties are expected when the electric dipoles with the molecules are all aligned was employed as a prospective evaporation material. Particularly, the crystal structure and molecular orientation in evaporated thin films were examined by a total reflection X-ray diffractometer and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Consequently, it was revealed that the crystal structure of the evaporated films was similar to the form II crystals of poly(vinylidene fluoride) which is a polymeric sample of OVDF, and that the molecular orientations are perpendicular to the substrate. Moreover, it was observed that the molecular orientation changed from perpendicular to parallel to the substrate at the substrate temperature between -30 and -50 degrees C and the stable crystal structure was form II.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Heteroepitaxial growth of fluorinated long chain molecules (n-C20F42) on two different substrates was evaluated by an energy dispersive grazing incidence xray diffractometer. It was found that the n-C20F42 molecules grow normally and epitaxially on the CaF2(111), aligning their [100(hex)] in the CaF2[110] with the inclination of about 12 degrees, through slight interactions between the terminal CF3 and CaF2 surface. While, the molecules evaporated on the Au coated KCl(001) was revealed to form polycrystalline structures in in-plane direction, due to the surface roughness and difference in the grain sizes between n-C20F42 and Au films.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Structural and orientational studies of polydimethylsilane (PDMS), (Si(CH3)(2))(n), thin films evaporated on a KCl (001) substrate have been conducted by a newly developed energy-dispersive grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction system. The evaporated PDMS molecules grow epitaxially on the KCl (001), aligning their chain axes in the KCl (110) direction with a fluctuation of about 8.8 degrees. Therefore, the PDMS molecules prefer to align their chain axes along rows of the same ions. Moreover, the polarized UV absorption spectra of the epitaxially grown PDMS thin films show characteristic optical properties depending on their molecular orientation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

''In-plane'' structures of RF-magnetron sputtered LiNbO3 thin films grown on Pt(111)/SiO2/Si and alpha-Al2O3(001) substrates have been observed using a newly developed energy dispersive total-reflection X-ray diffractometer (ED-TXRD). Clear diffractions from both the LiNbO3 thin films and substrates, with low background level. could be obtained using the ED-TXRD. Hence, it was possible to precisely determine orientations and in-plane lattice spacings within the epitaxially grown thin films. In the case of alpha-Al2O3(001) single crystalline substrates, the rocking curves for in-plane orientation of the grown LiNbO3 film could be analyzed with high angular resolution. Moreover, it was found that the lattice spacings (d-spacings) of the LiNbO3 films grown pn the Pt(111)/SiO2/Si substrates were slightly larger than those of LiNbO3 bulk crystals. From the measurement results using both the ED-TXRD and surface profilometry, the occurrence of residual stresses and lattice defects in the films and substrates were discussed.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Structural and orientational studies of epitaxially grown perfluoro n-alkane (CF3(CF2)(18)CF3) thin films evaporated on KCl(001) substrates were conducted by an energy dispersive total reflection X-ray diffractometer, The n-C20F42 molecules grow epitaxially on the KCl(001) surface owing to the slight interaction between the terminal CF3 groups and KCl(001), arranging their [100](hex) directions along the KCl [110] directions, The detailed analysis suggests that most of the molecules crystallize on the epitaxially grown underlayers with the same orientational distribution, although the population of the crystallite with randomly oriented domain structure is slightly increased with increasing thickness. Furthermore, the distorted epitaxial growth with an inclination about +/-5 degrees from the KCI [110] directions was observed and its origin was discussed with respect to the lattice relationship.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The growth stages of two-dimensional crystal in an n-alknne molecule (n-C33H68) were investigated using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for the samples vacuum-deposited on a graphite substrate. The STM image revealed that the nuclei with a diameter of about 2 nm, which is coincident with the value estimated for the molecules with random conformation, arrange hexagonally in the initial growth stage. It is suggested that further growth was promoted by the increase in the density of the molecules adsorbed on the substrate as well as by their thermal and diffusible motions. Moreover, the mutual relationship between n-alkane molecules and the graphite lattice, namely an epitaxial effect, is discussed with respected to the atomic-resolution STM images.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Structural evaluation of perfluoro-n-alkane, CF3(CF2)(18)CF3, thin films evaporated on KC1(001) single crystal was performed using a recently developed total reflection X-ray diffractometer. The molecular chain axes of the perfluoro-72-alkane crystals in the evaporated films were revealed to be normal to the substrate. where, the molecules assembled in hexagonal symmetry and grew epitaxially on the KC1(001) surface with fourfold symmetry, arranging their [100](hex) directions along the [100] directions of the KC1 crystal. Furthermore, detailed analysis suggested that the epitaxially grown crystals form a slightly distorted twin with facing their (1 &#36;(&#36;) over bar&#36;&#36; 430) planes, referred to here as an ''epitaxial twin''.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Recently-developed total-reflection X-ray diffractometers were utilized to observe temperature changes in the in-plane molecular structure of n-C33H68 films vapor-deposited on SiO2 glass substrates. The X-ray diffraction profiles revealed that the n-C33H68 molecules reorient their molecular axes from lateral to normal directions to the substrate surface during the heating process at atmospheric pressure and behave like liquid crystals in a smectic phase. Most of the molecules were observed to sublimate during the heat treatment even under vacuum below their melting point. In addition, it was found that the molecules whose (010) plane is parallel to the surface of substrate were much more stable than those of other orientations. These results may be understood by considering the imperfection in the molecular packing arrangement, the weak interaction between as-deposited molecules and the substrates, and some influence of gas molecules on the molecular behavior during a heating process.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

STM (scanning tunnelling microscope) observation was conducted on n-paraffin molecules (n-C33H68) adsorbed on a graphite substrate. A series of the STM images could reveal each of the progressive stages of the crystal growth, suggesting how the molecules grow into two-dimensional crystals.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

An in-plane-type total reflection x-ray diffractometer was newly constructed, and the epitaxial growth of paraffin molecules (n-C33H68) vacuum-evaporated onto a KCl (001) surface was investigated. The molecular chains in as-evaporated films were shown to arrange themselves parallel to the [110] direction of the KCl substrate. After the evaporation, moreover, some molecules were revealed to reorient and tend to deviate their c axis by about +/- 5-degrees from the [110] direction of the KCl crystal, probably because of the lattice mismatchings between the paraffin and substrate crystals.

記述言語：英語  

Density Variation in Heat- and Pressure-Treated Egg White during Gel-to-Glass-like Transition

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.32.1874

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The in-plane X-ray diffractometer equipped with a vacuum evaporation apparatus was newly developed utilizing the total reflection phenomenon. The measuring system was applied to conduct an in-situ observation of the crystal growth and structural changes in the n-C33H68 molecules during an evaporation process. The results revealed that a certain amount of molecules in the as-evaporated films orient their (010) planes parallel to the surface of the SiO2 substrate. Moreover, the integrated intensity of the 110 reflection showed variation in the thickness dependence, suggesting that the molecular orientation altered as the interaction between the substrate and the adsored molecules became weaker.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Simultaneous measurements of the area (volume) and mass change were carried out in heat- and pressure-treated egg white during the process of the gel-to-glass-like state transition. The calculated density of these two specimens showed quite different time variations; the density of the heat-treated specimen remained almost constant, while that of the pressure-treated one changed considerably. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the surface structure of the pressure-treated gel is larger and more coarse than that of the heat-treated one, suggesting a close relationship between the structures of the two gels and the changes in the density during the gel-to-glass-like state transition. The differences in the microscopic structures in these two gels were also elucidated by X-ray diffraction measurements.

記述言語：日本語  

次世代ヘルスケア機器の新製品開発、第三章ヘルスケア用センサの高感度化と計測技術

記述言語：日本語  

フレキシブルエレクトロニクスデバイスの開発の最前線 第5章 その他フレキシブルデバイス 第4節 フレキシブル赤外センサ

記述言語：日本語  

有機半導体デバイス -基礎から最先端材料・デバイスまで

記述言語：日本語  

有機エレクトロニクスにおける分子配向の最新技術 第6章 新規有機デバイスと分子配向 6-1節 有機強誘電体メモリー

記述言語：日本語  

表面物性工学ハンドブック 第2版 第24章 概説

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開催年月日： 2022年4月

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開催年月日： 2022年3月

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開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語  

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Cyclourea crystals fabricated via ionic liquid-assisted vacuum vapor deposition

開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Polarization-switching dynamics in P(VDF-TrFE) film revealed by in-situ fast timeresolved infrared spectroscopy and polarization switching

開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Chain-length dependency of normal alkane evaporation under vacuum

開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Multiaxial stress analysis using organic piezoelectric thin film sensors embedded in biomimetic rubber

開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Synthesis and evaluation of silver micro particles with anisotropic shape

開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語  

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Pyroelectricity of Uniaxially Aligned Ferroelectric Polymer Thin Film by Stretching

開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Development of health monitoring and power generation system of heart condition with organic flexible piezoelectric films

開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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開催年月日： 2021年12月

記述言語：日本語  

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Evaluation of frequency characteristics of catheter-type tactile sensor using PVDF films

開催年月日： 2021年12月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

開催年月日： 2021年10月

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開催年月日： 2021年10月

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開催年月日： 2021年9月 - 2021年10月

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開催年月日： 2021年9月

記述言語：英語  

国名：その他  

開催年月日： 2021年9月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of thiophene dendrimers controlled by quantum degeneracy

開催年月日： 2021年9月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Development of infrared sensor using ferroelectric molecular thin film

開催年月日： 2021年8月

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開催年月日： 2021年8月

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開催年月日： 2021年8月

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開催年月日： 2021年6月

記述言語：日本語  

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開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Formation of pn-junction phthalocyanine nanorods and I-V measurement using Conductive AFM

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Evaluation of photostability for organic semiconductor polymer

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Determining coagulation factor α by thermogravimetry experiments under vacuum

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Heartbeat detection and piezoelectric generation in replicated in vivo environment using flexible organic piezoelectric thin films

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Polarization field dependence of organic ferroelectric gated phototransistor characteristics

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Thermoelectric conversion properties of thiophene dendrimers composed with conductive polymers

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Mechanism of In-plane Dipole Alignment of the Ferroelectric P(VDF/TrFE) Thin Films by Appling Low Electric Field from the Melt

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Thermoelectric property of fully polarized semiconducting SWCNTs by corona poling

開催年月日： 2021年1月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

開催年月日： 2020年12月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Structural improvement and evaluation of catheter-type tactile sensor using PVDF films

開催年月日： 2020年11月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Thermoelectric properties of chemically-doped thiophene dendrimers

開催年月日： 2020年5月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Pyroelectricity of the Ferroelectric Polymer Films with In-plane Polarization Controlled by Applying Electric Field during Thermal Annealing

開催年月日： 2020年5月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Polarization control and thermoelectric property of semiconducting CNT/ferroelectric polymer laminated film

開催年月日： 2020年5月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Large Seebeak coefficients of chemically-doped thiophene dendrimers

開催年月日： 2020年5月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Development of Corona-charged Liquid Crystal Polymer Electret

開催年月日： 2020年5月

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

Evaluation of phoypstability for organic photovoltaic polymer by infrared spectroscopy

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Study on dynamics sensing performance of organic piezoelectric sensor

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Fabrication and Characterization of the Transparent Pyroelectric infrared Sensor Using Organic Ferroelectric Free-standing Thin Film

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Tuning of Seebeck coefficient of carbon nanotube by dipole field of organic ferroelectrics

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Structural and Electrical Characterization of Urea Oligomer Thin Films with Perpendicular Orientation

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Pyroelectric Sensor properties for normally oriented VDF oligomer thin films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Control of polarization switching in organic ferroelectric/photoconductive stacking films by light stimulation

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

住環境中未利用熱の有効利用に向けた”やわらかい”ナノ素材で作る熱電変換デバイス

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

レーザ加熱による熱転化型有機半導体の配向制御と太陽電池への応用

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Laser annealed films of thermally convertible precursors and its application to solar cell

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Piezoelectric property of poly (vinylidene fluoride)-based polymer thin films for haptic devices

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開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Pyro- and Piezo-electric application of orientation controlled organic ferroelectric thin films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Fabrication and characterization of organic ferroelectric/polymer composite gel

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Bulk and thin films structure of novel aliphatic urea oligomer

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Improved sensitivity of organic pyroelectric infrared sensor with multilayer structure

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Electrical and thermoelectric properties of vapor phase polymerization PEDOT thin films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Interfacial reaction of polyurea polymerization between diamine and diisocyanate

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Huge Pyroelectric Characteristics of Organic Ferroelectric Thin Film Fabricated by Deposition under Applying Electric Field

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Urea Oligomer Thin Films by Vacuum Deposition with High Crystalline and Low-k Properties

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Controlled Absorption Wavelength and Improved Sensitivity of Motion Sensor with Organic Ferroelectric / Metal Multilayer Structure

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

有機強誘電体薄膜の圧電特性

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

レーザーアニールによる熱変換有機薄膜の作製と太陽電池への応用

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Electrical Properties of Crystalline Urea Thin Films Using Micro-gap Cell

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Structural and Electrical characterization of the organic ferroelectric added gelator

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Fabrication and Thermoelectric Characterization of the Vapor Phase Polymerization PEDOT Thin Films for Energy Harvester

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

光導電体／有機強誘電体積層薄膜の光分極スイッチング

記述言語：英語  

開催地：名古屋市   国名：その他  

Crystal Growth of Organic Semiconductor in Ionic Liquid by Vacuum Vapor Deposition

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：新潟市   国名：その他  

Unique morphology and optical properties of Alq3 crystal grown in ionic liquid by vacuum vapor deposition

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：新潟市   国名：その他  

Thermoelectric Property of the Vapor Phase Polymerization PEDOT thin films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：山形市   国名：その他  

有機強誘電体を用いたカテーテル型触覚センサの小型化

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：新潟市   国名：その他  

Optical Design and Characterization of Organic / Inorganic Doublelayer for High Sensitive Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：新潟市   国名：その他  

Fabrication and electrical characterization of ferroelectric polymer gel

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：新潟市   国名：その他  

Pyroelectric and Structural characterization of ureacrystalline thin films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：新潟市   国名：その他  

Unique morphology and optical properties of Alq3 crystal grown in ionic liquid by vacuum vapor deposition

記述言語：英語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Vibration Energy Harvester of Piezoelectric Polyurea Thin films

記述言語：英語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Pyroelectric Properties of Crystalline Urea Thin Films Grown in a Closed Space

記述言語：英語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Polarity tuning of carbon nanotube by electric dipole of organic ferroelectrics for thermoelectric conversion

記述言語：英語  

開催地：つくば市   国名：その他  

Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters with Streched and Multi-stacked Organic Ferroelectric Films

記述言語：英語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Organic Pyroelectric Sencer Array for Human Motion Detection

記述言語：英語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Nanorod Growth of Copper Phthalocyanine on SAM-coated Indium Tin Oxide Substrate for Organic Photovoltaic Cells

記述言語：英語  

開催地：つくば市   国名：その他  

Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of P(VDF-TrFE) Gels

記述言語：英語  

開催地：つくば市   国名：その他  

Doping Level Control and Thermoelectric Property

記述言語：英語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Field-effect modulation of Seebeck coefficient of carbon nanotube by ferroelectric dipole

記述言語：日本語  

国名：その他  

In-situ observation and reaction analysis of curing reaction of rubber material

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：横浜市   国名：その他  

Multiaxial sensor performance and motion sensing with organic piezoelectric films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：横浜市   国名：その他  

Orientation and TFT properties with LASER annealed films of thermally convertible

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：横浜市   国名：その他  

N-type thermoelectric performance of carbon nanotube covered with vinyl polymer

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：横浜市   国名：その他  

Alq3 crystal growth in ionic liquid micro droplets

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：佐賀市   国名：その他  

High Efficiency Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters using Ordered Organic Ferroelectric Films

記述言語：英語  

開催地：金沢市   国名：その他  

Surface Modification and Effects of Organic Ferroelectrics

記述言語：英語  

開催地：金沢市   国名：その他  

Improved light emitting properties from single-layered polyfluorene device by simple ionic liquid blending

記述言語：英語  

開催地：金沢市   国名：その他  

Green synthesis of octacyanometalphthalocyanine in ionic liquid

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：富山市   国名：その他  

Electric Properties and Frequency Dependent with Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Highly stable n-type thermoelectric material viaelectron doping into carbon nanotube by simplevinyl polymers

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Mechanism of Voltage Sensitivity of Organic Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Nanostructure control and Characterization of p/n phthalocyanine thin films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Thermodynamics and kinetics of polyoxyethylene alkylether evaporation from inkjet-printed carbon nanotube thin filmviavacuum annealing

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Realtime motion sensing using organic piezoelectric sensors

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Thin film preparation and photoelectric property of a new BODIPY derivative

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Structural Dependence of urea oligomer thin film on the substrate temperature during the evaporation

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters with Organic Ferroelectric Films

記述言語：英語  

開催地：仙台市   国名：その他  

Structural and Piezoelectric Characterization of P(VDF-TrFE)/Ionic Liquid Gels

記述言語：英語  

開催地：仙台市   国名：その他  

Photo-responsible polarization switching in TiOPc/P(VDF–TrFE) stacking films

記述言語：英語  

開催地：仙台市   国名：その他  

High Voltage Sensitivity of Organic Pyroelectric Sensors with Polarization Treatment during Evaporation Process

記述言語：英語  

開催地：仙台市   国名：その他  

Characterizationofoptical andphotoelectric propertiesof a newboron-based organic semiconductor in thenear-infraredregions

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：大阪市   国名：その他  

Optimized bcondition of vapor phase polymerization of EDOT for thermoerlectric convedrsion

記述言語：英語  

開催地：金沢市   国名：その他  

Orientation Dependence of Power Generation on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Using Stretched Ferroelectric Polymer Films

記述言語：英語  

開催地：金沢市   国名：その他  

Field-effect and chemical charge-type modulations of carbon nanotubes using functional polymers for thermoelectric energy harvesters

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：京都市   国名：その他  

Measurement of blood vessel model using catheter tactile sensor composed of organic ferroelectricslecules

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：横浜市   国名：その他  

Inplane Polarization Switching of Perpendicularly Oriented Organic Ferroelectric Molecules

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Structural and Electrical Properties of the PEDOT Films Polymerized at the Vapor-liquid Interface of the Oxidizer Melt

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

In-situ observation and reaction analysis of curing reaction of rubber material Ⅱ

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric characterization of P(VDF-TrFE)/ionic liquid gels

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Investigation of Correlation between Device Structures and Pyroelectric Properties of Ferroelectric / Metal Multilayered Infrared Sensors

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Study of crystal growth mechanisms for Alq3 in ionic liquid micro-droplets

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：北九州市   国名：その他  

Measurement og Surface Properties of Blood Vessel Model Using Catheter Tactile Sensor Composed of PVDF Films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Correlation between Sensitivity and Space Charge of Pyroelectric Sensor Analyzed by TSC Measurement

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：名古屋市   国名：その他  

In situ observation and reaction analysis of polyurea synthesis in microdroplet using fast time resolved infrared spectroscopy

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：名古屋市   国名：その他  

Thermodynamics of Ionic Liquid Evaporation under Vacuum

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：名古屋市   国名：その他  

Atomic oxygen exposure of liquid crystal polymer for space materials

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：名古屋市   国名：その他  

Improvement of near-infrared photosensor characteristic by forming BODIPY-Ph/C60 interface

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

分極制御した有機圧電性薄膜によるリアルタイム多軸モーションセンシング

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：名古屋市   国名：その他  

Vibration generator characterization of unimorph cantilever organic piezoelectric films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：名古屋市   国名：その他  

Giant seebeck coefficients of thiophene dendrimers

記述言語：英語  

開催地：岐阜市   国名：その他  

Vapor-Phase Polymerization of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) at Interface between EDOT Vapor and Oxidant Melt

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：名古屋市   国名：その他  

Interfacial electrical property of ionic liquid on polarization field -formed by TGS single crystal

記述言語：英語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

Improving piezoelectric performance of poly(vinylidenefluoride–trifluoroethylene) by gelation with ionic liquid

記述言語：英語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

High-Sensitive Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors using Organic Ferroelectric Films Electrically-poled during the Film Formation Process

記述言語：英語  

開催地：岐阜市   国名：その他  

Formation of heterojunction nanorods with organic p-n semiconductor

記述言語：英語  

開催地：岐阜市   国名：その他  

Aggregated structure of vacuum-deposited urea oligomer thin films prepared at different substrate

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

3Dプリンタによるラバーの造形, 3D Printing of Rubber

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：京都市   国名：その他  

構造制御した有機圧電薄膜の振動発電特性

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：姫路市   国名：その他  

有機強誘電体薄膜を用いた応力測定とスマートインソール応用

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Nanostructure control and Characterization of p/n phthalocyanine thin filmsⅡ

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Evaluation of optical properties of P(VDF-TrFE) thin-film to design and optimize optical structures for organic infrared sensors

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Correlation of vibration generator characterization and thickness of organic piezoelectric energy harvesters

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

有機圧電エナジーハーベスターの振動発電特性

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

新規有機半導体を用いた近赤外線センサの作製とその特性向上

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Development of near-infrared sensor with a new organic semiconductor film

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Substrate temperature dependence of aggregated structure and intermolecular hydrogen bonding in deposited urea oligomer thin-films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

Development of piezoelectric stress sensors using organic ferroelectric thin-film

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福岡市   国名：その他  

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神戸市   国名：その他  

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Thermophysical properties of parylene C dimer under vacuum

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Study on aggregated structure and hydrogen bonding in vacuum-deposited urea oligomer films

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Molecular origin of photostability for fluorene-based photovoltaic polymer materials

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

High Voltage Sensitivity of Organic Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors Fabricated by Vacuum Evaporation under Electric Field

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Formation of p?n junction nanorods by heteroepitaxial growth of phthalocyanine

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Flexible organic piezoelectric device that combines sensing and self-power supply from heart beating

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：福井市   国名：その他  

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：北海道大学   国名：その他  

Characterization of chemically crosslinked ferroelectric polymer

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：北海道大学   国名：その他  

Detection of the heart rate and piezoelectric power generation using flexible organic piezoelectric thin films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：北海道大学   国名：その他  

Thermophysical properties of parylene C dimer under vacuum

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：北海道大学   国名：その他  

Quantitative evaluation of photostability for dono-acceptor type photovoltaic polymer

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Polarity Tuning of Semiconducting Single-walled Carbon Nanotube by Dipole Field of Ferroelectric Polymer for Thermoelectric Conversion

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Investigation of electret devices using liquid crystal polymer

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Interfacial electrical property of ionic liquid on polarization field formed by TGS single crystal

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Improving NIR sensor detectivity of BODIPY/C60 bulk heterojunction photodiode

記述言語：英語  

開催地：奈良市   国名：その他  

Heat Resistance Improvement of Deposited Vinylidene Fluoride Oligomer Based-Infrared Sensors by Parylene C Coating

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：金沢市   国名：その他  

Investigation of manufacuturing process of catheter tactiles sensor composed of PVDF films

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：東京都   国名：その他  

有機高分子材料による焦電・圧電薄膜の創成

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神奈川県   国名：その他  

強誘電性有機低分子薄膜の分極疲労現象とメカニズム解析

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：神奈川県   国名：その他  

メルカプト基修飾した基板表面へのチオフェン5量体SAM吸着特性

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Tokyo, Japan   国名：その他  

Effect of Ferroelectric / Metal Interface for Polarization Reversal

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：京都市   国名：その他  

強誘電性有機低分子薄膜の界面および膜中構造変化と分極疲労現象の相関

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：京都市   国名：その他  

低温クエンチ法で成膜した有機強誘電体薄膜の真空一貫構造・電気特性評価

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：京都市   国名：その他  

プラスチックフィルム上に作製した有機強誘電体薄膜を用いたフレキシブル赤外線センサ

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：千葉市   国名：その他  

触覚センサのためのVDFオリゴマーの圧電特性

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

水熱合成ZnOナノ粒子を電極とする色素増感太陽電池の作成

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

有機強誘電体VDFオリゴマーを用いた1T型強誘電体メモリに関する研究

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

新規二官能性フォトクロミック化合物の合成とその光学特性 (I)

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

新規二官能性フォトクロミック化合物の合成と光学特性(II)

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

導電性ポリマー(PEDOT-PSS)の配向誘起層としての可能性

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

一軸配向ポリフルオレン摩擦転写膜の結晶構造

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

ポリジアセチレンLB膜上の有機分子の結晶成長

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

フッ化ビニリデンオリゴマー蒸着膜の誘電緩和挙動における考察

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：札幌市   国名：その他  

チオフェン5量体自己組織化単分子膜の高精度成膜と構造評価

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Soul,Korea   国名：その他  

Fabrication of Orientation-Controlled Fluorene-Thiophene Copolymer Thin Film by Friction-Transfer Technique

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Seoul,Korea   国名：その他  

Fabrication and Characterization of Newly-designed Self-assembled Organic Semiconductor

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Seoul,Korea   国名：その他  

Carrier modulation by polarization reversal of the ferroelectrics

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Ulsung,Korea   国名：その他  

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Novel Bi-functional Photochromic Compounds

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Ulsung,Korea   国名：その他  

Reversible Photoswitching by Single UV Light in Diarylethene Bisazomethine System

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Ulsung,Korea   国名：その他  

Reversible Coloring Reaction of Leuco Dye Controlled by Solid Organic Acid with Long-Chain Alkyl Groups

記述言語：英語  

開催地：金沢市   国名：その他  

Polarization Reversal of Organic Ferroelectric-Metal Interface Remaining in a Vacuum throughout Fabrication Process