記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Sensors  

Being motivated has positive influences on task performance. However, motivation could result from various motives that affect different parts of the brain. Analyzing the motivation effect from all affected areas requires a high number of EEG electrodes, resulting in high cost, inflexibility, and burden to users. In various real-world applications, only the motivation effect is required for performance evaluation regardless of the motive. Analyzing the relationships between the motivation-affected brain areas associated with the task’s performance could limit the required electrodes. This study introduced a method to identify the cognitive motivation effect with a reduced number of EEG electrodes. The temporal association rule mining (TARM) concept was used to analyze the relationships between attention and memorization brain areas under the effect of motivation from the cognitive motivation task. For accuracy improvement, the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm was applied with the central limit theorem (CLT) concept to optimize the TARM parameters. From the results, our method can identify the motivation effect with only FCz and P3 electrodes, with 74.5% classification accuracy on average with individual tests.

DOI： 10.3390/s24092857

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110260

Web of Science

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

n many memory impairment cases, memory failure is due to impaired retrieval and not loss of memory information. Studies on memory retrieval using electroencephalography have mainly focused on changes in power and connectivity in the gamma band, which is a high-frequency region (> 30 Hz). However, previous research has not focused in detail on network activity during memory retrieval. To clarify this, we quantitatively compared retrieval and non-retrieval conditions using network analysis for time-varying functional connectivity. This study analyzed memory retrieval using a paired associative learning task. Consequently, this research found gamma band responses similar to those observed in previous time-frequency analysis in high gamma band. Furthermore, the high-gamma characteristic path length in the target condition was significantly higher than that in the distractor condition. The network becomes more efficient in the non-retrieval condition in the high-gamma band (50-80 Hz). We considered that this was due to the high workload, resulting in distracted memory retrieval. In non-retrieval conditions, participants must focus only on the next stimuli, which may increase network efficiency. We believe that this study shows the potential of a time-varying network analysis for revealing complex brain network activity.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.14326/abe.13.123

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生体医工学会  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会  

In many memory impairment cases, memory failure is due to impaired retrieval and not loss of memory information. Studies on memory retrieval using electroencephalography have mainly focused on changes in power and connectivity in the gamma band, which is a high-frequency region (> 30 Hz). However, previous research has not focused in detail on network activity during memory retrieval. To clarify this, we quantitatively compared retrieval and non-retrieval conditions using network analysis for time-varying functional connectivity. This study analyzed memory retrieval using a paired associative learning task. Consequently, this research found gamma band responses similar to those observed in previous time-frequency analysis in high gamma band. Furthermore, the high-gamma characteristic path length in the target condition was significantly higher than that in the distractor condition. The network becomes more efficient in the non-retrieval condition in the high-gamma band (50–80 Hz). We considered that this was due to the high workload, resulting in distracted memory retrieval. In non-retrieval conditions, participants must focus only on the next stimuli, which may increase network efficiency. We believe that this study shows the potential of a time-varying network analysis for revealing complex brain network activity.

DOI： 10.14326/abe.13.123

Web of Science

Scopus

CiNii Research

出版者・発行元：IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics  

Eye tracking technology has become increasingly important in scientific research and practical applications. In the field of eye tracking research, analysis of eye movement data is crucial, particularly for classifying raw eye movement data into eye movement events. Current classification methods exhibit considerable variation in adaptability across different participants, and it is necessary to address the issues of class imbalance and data scarcity in eye movement classification. In the current study, we introduce a novel eye movement classification method based on cascade forest (EMCCF), which comprises two modules: (1) a feature extraction module that employs a multi-scale time window method to extract features from raw eye movement data; (2) a classification module that innovatively employs a layered ensemble architecture, integrating the cascade forest structure with ensemble learning principles, specifically for eye movement classification. Consequently, EMCCF not only enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of eye movement classification but also represents an advancement in applying ensemble learning techniques within this domain. Furthermore, experimental results indicated that EMCCF outperformed existing deep learning-based classification models in several metrics and demonstrated robust performance across different datasets and participants.

DOI： 10.1109/JBHI.2024.3439568

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：BMEiCON 2023 - 15th Biomedical Engineering International Conference  

Light contains different wavelengths of the spectrum that are detected and received by photoreceptor cells (rod and cone cells) in the retina. However, light serves non-visual functions in human perception, such as emotion regulation, cognitive performance, sleep cycle, and hormone production. These functions alter brain activity and oxygen consumption in the brain. Our objective was to investigate the effect of light on brain activity using NIRS. Ten subjects (8 males, 2 females) with normal color vision were exposed to achromatic light (white and gray) or chromatic light (blue, green, yellow, and red) for 20 seconds in random order, followed by 30 seconds of rest (dim light). This stimulation-rest cycle was repeated 4 times (total time = 20.30 minutes). NIRS was used to measure Oxy-Hb, Deoxy-Hb, and Total-Hb levels in the frontal lobe of the brain during stimulation. After light stimulation, participants were assessed using the BRUMS and a color effectiveness test. The results indicated that the z-score of Oxy-Hb significantly altered in response to gray light compared to white light. Red and blue light led to a greater alter in Oxy-Hb than green and yellow light. However, there was no significant alter in Deoxy-Hb during both achromatic and chromatic light exposure. Gray light induced feelings of depression and confusion, while red light affected tension and anger. Red and green light promoted feelings of vigor. Fatigue did not show a significant difference between achromatic and chromatic light. Additionally, long wavelengths had a more positive effect compared to short wavelengths. These findings indicate possible uses in neurotherapeutic interventions for stimulating brain activity in individuals with cognitive impairments using light therapy boxes, as well as in architectural lighting design to impact emotion regulation.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON60347.2023.10321984

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：BMEiCON 2023 - 15th Biomedical Engineering International Conference  

Stroke is a disease with a high mortality rate and is one of the leading causes of acquired disability in adults. Some patients experience some forms of disability after a stroke, such as long-lasting physical paralysis, speech impairment, and cognitive impairment. For post-stroke hemiplegia, studies have demonstrated that long-term and continuous resistance training can help patients regain some degree of motor ability. However, the fact is that some patients have not regained motor function after 3-6 months of rehabilitation training. The reasons for this are that it is difficult for patients to adhere to the training and to obtain appropriate training guidance.To address the problem of inadequate resource reserves for rehabilitation physicians, robotic systems were introduced into post-stroke rehabilitation training from the 1990s. However, in actual use, the motor assistance that robotic systems can provide is still judged by rehabilitation physicians based on the patient's status and degree of muscle damage, and the patient's motor initiative and attentional state cannot be fully explored.In this study, a hybrid brain-computer interface-based post-stroke rehabilitation training system was designed to infer patients' muscle rehabilitation status based on the level of corticomuscular coherence (CMC), so as to provide adaptive training guidance to patients during the long-term and continuous training process, promote patient initiative during the training process, and enhance the training effect. This study focuses on the correlation between corticomuscular coherence and voluntary muscle contraction, so as to infer the muscle contraction status of patients based on corticomuscular coherence. Finally the present study obtained a significant positive linear relationship between corticomuscular coherence and different force magnitudes in the alpha band.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON60347.2023.10322082

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Body Sensor Networks, BSN 2023 - Proceedings  

This study uses time-variant Granger causality to calculate the amount of functional interaction with the inference of information flow direction. Four different motor tasks were taken into consideration. They are real movement (RM), movement intention (Inten), motor imagery (MI), and only looking at the virtual hand in three-dimensional head-mounted display (OL) tasks. For the purpose of task instructions, we designed the experimental tasks in a 3D-HMD virtual reality environment. Examining the causality between two different biological signals is still challenging, and there have been few studies of causality between brain and muscle signals. Thus, the main aim of this study is to proclaim that time-variant Granger causality is an easy-To-Apply and effective method for inferring information flow direction between ascending and descending pathways of brain and muscle signals. Generally, our final results strongly proved that brain-muscle functional interaction changes according to the motor tasks executed. Furthermore, high functional interaction appears in RM, Inten and MI tasks (in some subjects) rather than OL task in both afferent and efferent directions. Among many functional interaction methods, time-variant Granger causality is one of the most basic and reliable methods for investigating two different neurophysiological signals, such as EEG and EMG, to calculate the direction of information.

DOI： 10.1109/BSN58485.2023.10330913

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering  

The target recognition performance of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces can be significantly improved with a training-based approach. However, the training procedure is time consuming and often causes fatigue. Consequently, the number of training data should be limited, which may reduce the classification performance. Thus, how to improve classification accuracy without increasing the training time is crucial to SSVEP-based BCI system. This study proposes a transfer-related component analysis (TransRCA) method for addressing the above issue. In this method, the SSVEP-related components are extracted from a small number of training data of the current individual and combined with those extracted from a large number of existing training data of other individuals. The TransRCA method maximizes not only the inter-trial covariances between the source and target subjects, but also the correlation between the reference signals and SSVEP signals from the source and target subjects. The proposed method was validated on the SSVEP public Benchmark and BETA datasets, and the classification accuracy and information transmission rate of the ensemble version of the proposed TransRCA method were compared with those of the state-of-the-art eCCA, eTRCA, ttCCA, LSTeTRCA, and eIISMC methods on both datasets. The comparison results indicate that the proposed method provides a superior performance compared with these state-of-the-art methods, and thus has high potential for the development of a SSVEP-based brain-computer interface system with high classification performance that only uses a small number of training data.

DOI： 10.1109/TNSRE.2023.3309543

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics  

How to encode as many targets as possible with limited frequency resources is a grave problem that restricts the application of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). In the current study, we propose a novel block-distributed joint temporal-frequency-phase modulation method for a virtual speller based on SSVEP-based BCI. A 48-target speller keyboard array is virtually divided into eight blocks and each block contains six targets. The coding cycle consists of two sessions: in the first session, each block flashes at different frequencies while all the targets in the same block flicker at the same frequency; in the second session, all the targets in the same block flash at different frequencies. Using this method, 48 targets can be coded with only eight frequencies, which greatly reduces the frequency resources required, and average accuracies of 86.81 pm 9.41% and 91.36 pm 6.41% were obtained for both the offline and online experiments. This study provides a new coding approach for a large number of targets with a small number of frequencies, which can further expand the application potential of SSVEP-based BCI.

DOI： 10.1109/JBHI.2023.3244277

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering  

Objective: Analyzing the effective connectivity characteristics of brain networks in the process of action observation is helpful for understanding the neurodynamic mechanisms during action observation. Method: In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images were obtained from 20 participants who performed hand-object interaction observation tasks from the first-person perspective (1PP) and third-person perspective (3PP). On the basis of a meta-Analysis, 11 key brain regions were extracted as nodes to build an action observation network. The weighted and directional connections between all of the nodes were investigated using partial directional coherence (PDC) analysis in five narrow frequency bands. Results: The statistical analysis indicated that the ultra-low frequency band (leq 0.04 Hz) exhibited significant activation compared with other frequency bands for both 1PP and 3PP. In addition, it was found that 3PP induced significantly stronger brain activation than 1PP in the ultra-low frequency band. Moreover, this study attempted to classify fMRI data corresponding to different perspectives using brain network features. A comparative analysis revealed that the weighted and binary PDC matrix methods achieved classification accuracies of 86.3% and 80.8%, respectively. Significance: The weighted PDC analysis exhibits a more comprehensive understanding of neural mechanisms during action observation in different visual perspectives. It also has potential applications value in human-computer interaction in the future.

DOI： 10.1109/TBME.2022.3201547

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：BMEiCON 2022 - 14th Biomedical Engineering International Conference  

In this study, we investigated whether working memory training affects on the improvement of basic skills in Mathematics and English among high school students. Forty-two high school students were divided into two groups, one with and one without working memory training. The training group received about 10 minutes of dual N-back task training per day for 10 days, excluding Saturdays and Sundays. To evaluate the effects of working memory training, three assessment tasks were used: mental arithmetic, writing English sentences, and backward digit reciting. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of training between the training and control groups. However, there was a little tendency of the effects of the training when it came to memorizing multiplication and reciting many numbers in reverse, which consume a large amount of working memory capacity.These results seemed to be thought to be due to the short training program period and short time of training in each session.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON56653.2022.10012108

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Neurorobotics  

The first game-based treatment for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020. This game was developed for use at home as part of everyday training and can be used along with one’s usual training plan. In this game, two tasks are performed in parallel: (1) a perceptual discrimination targeting task (response and not response and avoiding responding to sudden pop-up targets) and (2) a sensory-motor navigation task (players continuously adjust their location to interact with or avoid positional targets). However, the brain activity of people playing this game was not examined, and the immersive environment (3D virtual world) was not considered. Therefore, we aimed to develop a system to investigate brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG) during multitask gameplay in virtual reality (VR). In this experiment, we focused on the difference between the success and failure of the Go/No-Go task in a multitask game. We created a color discrimination task and a target tracking task in VR. The content of this game task was designed using previous multitask training. EEG and event data were recorded. Using event data, we can analyze the data in detail. We divided the trial types (Go and No-Go) and results (success and failure). We then compared the success and failure of each task. In the Go trial, the relative theta power in success at Fz was significantly higher than that of failure. However, no difference in power was observed in the No-Go trial. On the other hand, theta power was no different between success and failure in the other task. These results of the Go trial suggest that the participants were attentive to processing both tasks. Thus, it is possible that theta power in the frontal area 1 s before stimulation could predict the success or failure of the Go trial. On the other hand, the results of the No-Go trial may be due to the low number of No-Go failure trials and the fact that stimulus oversight is one of the factors for success.

DOI： 10.3389/fnbot.2022.1044071

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Sensors  

Previous studies have reported that a series of sensory–motor-related cortical areas are affected when a healthy human is presented with images of tools. This phenomenon has been explained as familiar tools launching a memory-retrieval process to provide a basis for using the tools. Consequently, we postulated that this theory may also be applicable if images of tools were replaced with images of daily objects if they are graspable (i.e., manipulable). Therefore, we designed and ran experiments with human volunteers (participants) who were visually presented with images of three different daily objects and recorded their electroencephalography (EEG) synchronously. Additionally, images of these objects being grasped by human hands were presented to the participants. Dynamic functional connectivity between the visual cortex and all the other areas of the brain was estimated to find which of them were influenced by visual stimuli. Next, we compared our results with those of previous studies that investigated brain response when participants looked at tools and concluded that manipulable objects caused similar cerebral activity to tools. We also looked into mu rhythm and found that looking at a manipulable object did not elicit a similar activity to seeing the same object being grasped.

DOI： 10.3390/s22207771

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS  

To explore the actual behavioral performance of subjects in multitasking training games, we designed a VR game including a Target-tracking task (TTT) of continuously moving 'Player' to track 'Targets' and a randomly appearing Color-discrimination task (CDT) requiring discriminating whether 'Player' and 'Monster' have the same color, and recorded subjects' pupillary changes to reflect mental effort. By analyzing the mean pupil diameter change (MPDC) of different groups, we found that the high group presented pupil dilation during the post-event stage, reflecting that they engaged in psychological processing of CDT during the event, whereas the low group had no pupil dilation during part of the post-event stage, reflecting the possibility of ignoring the appearance of CDT, and such behaviors hardly raise good expectations for training effect. Our study suggests that MPDC mirrors not only the actual behavior of the different groups treating the multitasking paradigm, but also the influence of game design.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC48229.2022.9871751

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Numerous studies have suggested that sleep spindle waves may play a role in the hippocampal-cortical transmission of information associated with memory enhancement. In previous research, the clustering coefficient increased significantly from wakefulness to sleep, indicating that the graph theory may be able to characterize brain network activity during sleep. However, previous studies have not investigated in detail the characteristics of the brain network in individual sleep stages; the brain network activity in the EEG at each sleep stage has not yet been clarified. In this study, we compared the characteristics of the network activity in various sleep stages by determining the functional connectivity from EEG in individual stages, constructing the networks and comparing the clustering coefficients and characteristic path lengths. We found a significant decrease in the characteristic path length in LowBeta band (13–15 Hz) from Stage 1 to later stages. However, there was no significant difference in the clustering coefficient. Our results are consistent with the concept that sleep spindles are related to memory consolidation. Therefore, the results suggest that the networks generated by the brain are more efficient in middle and deep sleep.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.14326/abe.11.109

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

In this study, we investigated whether working memory training affects on the improvement of basic skills in Mathematics and English among high school students. Forty-two high school students were divided into two groups, one with and one without working memory training. The training group received about 10 minutes of dual N-back task training per day for 10 days, excluding Saturdays and Sundays. To evaluate the effects of working memory training, three assessment tasks were used: mental arithmetic, writing English sentences, and backward digit reciting. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of training between the training and control groups. However, there was a little tendency of the effects of the training when it came to memorizing multiplication and reciting many numbers in reverse, which consume a large amount of working memory capacity.These results seemed to be thought to be due to the short training program period and short time of training in each session.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON53485.2021.9745247

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9629969

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/ICIIBMS52876.2021.9651562

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON53485.2021.9745233

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/ITNEC52019.2021.9586876

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/ITNEC52019.2021.9587093

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/ITNEC52019.2021.9587117

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Synchronous correlation brain and muscle oscillations during motor task execution is termed as functional coupling. Functional coupling between two signals appears with a delay time which can be used to infer the directionality of information flow. Functional coupling of brain and muscle depends on the type of muscle contraction and motor task performance. Although there have been many studies of functional coupling with types of muscle contraction and force level, there has been a lack of investigation with various motor task performances. Motor task types play an essential role that can reflect the amount of functional interaction. Thus, we examined functional coupling under four different motor tasks: real movement, intention, motor imagery and movement observation tasks. We explored interaction of two signals with linear and nonlinear information flow. The aim of this study is to investigate the synchronization between brain and muscle signals in terms of functional coupling and delay time. The results proved that brain–muscle functional coupling and delay time change according to motor tasks. Quick synchronization of localized cortical activity and motor unit firing causes good functional coupling and this can lead to short delay time to oscillate between signals. Signals can flow with bidirectionality between efferent and afferent pathways

DOI： https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134380

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Functional connectivity related to familiarity has recently been investigated in the context of various stimuli (e.g., words, faces, pictures, music, and video). However, the directed functional connectivity patterns with different attention indexes as a response to familiar/unfamiliar stimuli remain unclear. In the current study, we employed the Directed Transfer Function (DTF) to estimate the information flow between brain areas. This method was reported to be practically robust to volume conduction. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering approach was utilized to group subjects based on the attention index, i.e., the alpha/theta ratio of fronto-central (frontal to central and central to frontal) features. Three major findings were revealed from this study. First, all subjects had different attention indexes when they watched familiar/unfamiliar videos. Then, subjects were sorted into three groups: low index (LI), middle index (MI), and high index (HI). Second, a competition between two states (familiar/unfamiliar) showed that the information flows of familiar stimuli were greater than unfamiliar stimuli, which involved significant effects in the frontal, temporal, and parietal areas. Third, comparison between groups (LI/MI/HI) demonstrated that the frontal and central regions were the primary sources that distributed information flows to almost the whole brain, particularly during familiar conditions. This result indicates that these two regions may play an important role in attentional processing.

DOI： 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3072224

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1109/TNSRE.2021.3073134

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/IAEAC50856.2021.9390839

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/SPMB50085.2020.9353640

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study aims to apply multiscale entropy (MSE) to analyse brain activity in terms of brain complexity levels and to use simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG/fNIRS) recordings for brain functional analysis. A memory task was selected to demonstrate the potential of this multimodality approach since memory is a highly complex neurocognitive process, and the mechanisms governing selective retention of memories are not fully understood by other approaches. In this study, 15 healthy participants with normal colour vision participated in the visual memory task, which involved the making the executive decision of remembering or forgetting the visual stimuli based on his/her own will. In a continuous stimulus set, 250 indoor/outdoor scenes were presented at random, between periods of fixation on a black background. The participants were instructed to make a binary choice indicating whether they wished to remember or forget the image; both stimulus and response times were stored for analysis. The participants then performed a scene recognition test to confirm whether or not they remembered the images. The results revealed that the participants intentionally memorising a visual scene demonstrate significantly greater brain complexity levels in the prefrontal and frontal lobe than when purposefully forgetting a scene; p < 0.05 (two-tailed). This suggests that simultaneous EEG and fNIRS can be used for brain functional analysis, and MSE might be the potential indicator for this multimodality approach.

DOI： 10.3390/e22020189

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

In this study, we propose a method to control the wheelchair by eye movement using Electroencephalography (EEG). Firstly, we collect EEG signal by five types of eye movement: Blink, Double blink, look at Right, look at Left and Relax. These movements correspond to five directions of wheelchair motion: Go forward, Go backward, Turn right, Turn left and Stop. After that, the offline EEG signal is analyzed using MATLAB to find out the classified threshold of the signal amplitude in Alpha band and Delta band. Finally, an effective algorithm is built allowing us to identify the type of eye movement and control the external device—the powered wheelchair. As the result, the average accuracy for five motion directions (Go forward, Go backward, Turn right, Turn left and Stop) are 92.333, 93, 81.667, 86.667 and 83% respectively. With this study, we expect it can give people the help they need and be applied to many fields in the near future.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-13-5859-3_41

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Several recent studies have reported a frequency-dependent directional information flow loop in resting-state networks by phase transfer entropy, comprising an anterior-to-posterior information flow in the theta band and a posterior-to-anterior information flow in the alpha band. However, the functional roles of this information flow loop remain unclear. In the current study, we compared information flow patterns in four different brain states using electroencephalography: resting-state, fixation, working memory (WM) encoding and WM maintenance. An auditory (pure tones) WM span task was carried out. A consistent anterior-to-posterior information flow in the theta band and an opposite pattern in the alpha band were found in all four segments. Flows in both patterns were enhanced during WM encoding. In contrast, a prefrontal-to-central information flow in the alpha band was dominant during the resting-state. In addition, enhanced information flows from right temporal to other brain regions in the theta band were found during WM processing (WM encoding and maintenance). Comparison of the consistency and dynamical changes of information flows in these four brain states indicated their functional roles in central executive processes, internal attention, WM information maintenance, and the right-hemisphere advantage in pure tone processing.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116188

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In this study, we investigated the effects of repetitive paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the motor cortex excitability. The interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between the conditioning (first) stimulus and test (second) stimulus were 1,000, 200 and 100 ms. A total of 20 stimuli were delivered to the primary motor cortex using paired-pulse TMS at 10 s intervals, and the intensity of the magnetic stimulus was 110% of the resting motor threshold for each subject. For all ISIs, there was no significant correlation between the number of stimuli and the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude. However, there was slight correlation between the number of stimuli and the MEP amplitude in the 200 and 100 ms ISIs (200 and 100 ms ISIs: Approximately r =-0.40; 1,000 ms ISI: r =-0.17). In addition, MEP amplitude increased during the second paired pulse stimulation when an ISI of 200 ms was used, but it decreased dramatically when an ISI of 100 ms was used. In contrast, MEP amplitude did not change significantly when a 1,000 ms ISI was employed. Therefore, 10 consecutive paired-pulse TMS stimuli with a 1,000 ms ISI may not have a cumulative effect on cortical excitability. Previous studies used a long duration (e.g., 6 minutes or longer by 0.1 Hz magnetic stimulation) of magnetic stimulation to evaluate cortical excitability. In evaluating cortical excitability by magnetic stimulation, it is important to shorten the period to reduce the subject's burden and to prevent body movement. Thus, our present findings suggest that repetitive paired-pulse TMS with an ISI of 1,000 ms is suitable for the rapid evaluation of cortical excitability.

DOI： 10.1063/1.5129299

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In a social world, observing the actions of others is fundamental to understanding what they are doing, as well as their intentions and feelings. Studies of the neural basis and decoding of action observation are important for understanding action-related processes and have implications for cognitive, social neuroscience, and human-machine interaction (HMI). In the current study, we first investigated temporal-spatial dynamics during action observation using a combined 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) and 48-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. We measured brain activation while 16 healthy participants observed three action tasks: (1) grasping a cup with the intention of drinking; (2) grasping a cup with the intention of moving it; and (3) touching a cup with an unclear intention. The EEG and fNIRS source analysis results revealed the dynamic involvement of both the mirror neuron system (MNS) and the theory of mind (ToM)/mentalizing network during action observation. The source analysis results suggested that the extent to which these two systems were engaged was determined by the clarity of the intention of the observed action. Based on the difference in neural activity observed among different action-observation tasks in the first experiment, we conducted a second experiment to classify the neural processes underlying action observation using a feature classification method. We constructed complex brain networks based on the EEG and fNIRS data. Fusing features from both EEG and fNIRS complex brain networks resulted in a classification accuracy of 72.7% for the three action observation tasks. This study provides a theoretical and empirical basis for elucidating the neural mechanisms of action observation and intention understanding, and a feasible method for decoding the underlying neural processes.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00357

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856688

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Adding auditory white noise (WN) to the environment has been considered to be a promising way to enhance the memory performance of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but disrupt that of non-ADHD children. To explore the exact mechanism behind WN benefits, we did a bilateral color-memory task with different WN conditions. A bilateral color-square array was displayed on one display. Only one side colors were asked to be remembered in a trial. Our experiment found that the memory accuracy of left visual memory was improved with WN, especially when WN was displayed via left earphone at encoding and maintenance periods. However, the right visual memory showed a reduced performance tendency with WN. Thus, the WN affects left/right visual working memory in an opposite pattern. Using time-frequency analysis, we found an enhanced lower-alpha activity over the left occipitotemporal lobe. We conclude that the induced lower-alpha activity at the left occipitotemporal lobe might be helpful to inhibit information processing of left hemisphere.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856688

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The effect of motivation and attention could play an important role in providing personalized learning services and improving learners toward smart education. These effects on brain activity could be quantified by EEG and open the path to analyze the efficiency of services during the learning process. Many studies reported the appearance of EEG alpha desynchronization during the attention period, resulting in better cognitive performance. Motivation was also found to be reflected in EEG. This study investigated the effect of intrinsic motivation on the alpha desynchronization pattern in terms of the complexity of time series data. The sample entropy method was used to quantify the complexity of event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) of EEG data. We found that when participants can remember the stimulus, ERSP was significantly less complex than when they cannot. However, the effect of intrinsic motivation cannot be defined by using sample entropy directly. ERSP's main effect showed that motivation affects the complexity of ERSP data; longer continuous alpha desynchronization patterns were found when participants were motivated. Therefore, we introduced an algorithm to identify the longest continuous alpha desynchronization pattern. The method allowed us to understand that intrinsic motivation has an effect on recognition at the frontal and left parietal area directly.

DOI： 10.3390/e21030237

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Attention is a condition when someone concentrates on a specific task while ignoring other perceivable information. Numerous methods of attention level detection such as observation, self-assessment, and objective performance have been applied especially in supervised machine learning. But those methods tend to be delayed, sporadic, not at the moment in time, and based on participant cognitive ability. This study proposed a new labeling method for attention level detection by using quantitative evaluation formula based on blink rates and pupillometry. Comparison in error detection between self-assessment, observation, and objective performance has been done in this study. After that, this study investigated the effect of attention level based on self-assessment toward blink rates and pupillometry. The result shown blink rates in low attention is higher than high attention. On the other hand, pupillometry in low attention is smaller than high attention. The effect of attention levels toward pupillometry and blink rates are extracted into several algorithms. The result from experimental procedure shown quantitative evaluation formula has percentage error less than 15% compared with self-assessment. Overall, these results demonstrated that the proposed method can be used to be data labeling for other physiological signals such as electroencephalograph (EEG), electrocardiograph (ECG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). After that, this quantitative formula was applied to EEG-ECG-NIRS for attention level detection. Two-electrode wireless EEG, a wireless ECG, and two wireless channels NIRS has been used to detect attention level during tasks load. Our result has shown the accuracy system 82.31%.

DOI： 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2929596

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The conditioning of cortical excitability by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become a valuable technique to promote recovery of motor function after stroke. As TMS is not used in all patients, we investigated the hypothesis that peripheral stimulation may have an adjustment effect on motor cortical excitability. Our experimental paradigm was divided into three phases. In the first phase, TMS was delivered to the left or right primary motor cortex to induce a motor evoked potential (MEP) from the contralateral first dorsal interosseous muscle. The measured MEPs in this phase were used to evaluate the effect of peripheral stimulation. In the second phase, 1 Hz magnetic stimulation was applied over the contralateral or ipsilateral forearm for motor cortex as peripheral stimulation. In the third phase, the MEP was evoked by TMS and recorded using the same setting as the first phase. We found that a decrease in MEP amplitude was observed in the left motor cortex following peripheral stimulation over the right forearm. By contrast, the MEP amplitude was not altered in the right motor cortex by peripheral stimulation over the left forearm. An increase in MEP amplitude was observed in the ipsilateral motor cortex induced by peripheral stimulation over the left or right forearm. We also found that by changing the MEP amplitude, the motor cortex excitability varied according to magnetic stimulation of the forearm. These data suggest that peripheral stimulation may have an adjustment effect on motor cortical excitability, via changes in the stimulus site.

DOI： 10.1109/TMAG.2018.2851358

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/s18113691

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

In this study¹, we used a remote eye-tracker in a head-free setting to measure target detection in visual scenes. Participants underwent two kinds of tasks that were designed to simulate different situations and to study the validity and accuracy of the remote eye-tracking system. We found that the average target detection rate in the simulation task reached 88.95%, whereas in the real scene task the average accuracy was 83.20%. Our results show that the remote eye-tracker possesses enough precision to be used for the measurement of target detection in complex visual scenes.

DOI： 10.1145/3207677.3278051

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

In recent years, the conditioning of cortical excitability has attracted attention as a valuable function to the recovery of motor function after stroke. Motor cortical excitability can be altered by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and by peripheral stimulation [1-3]. This study focused attention on the effects of peripheral stimulation on cortical excitability because TMS is not provided for all patients. Many studies of peripheral stimulation have not focused on the inhibition of cortical excitability. This study investigated the possibility that peripheral stimulation has an adjustment effect of motor cortical excitability, by examining the inhibition of cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation. This study used magnetic stimulation as peripheral stimulation, because the eddy currents induced by magnetic stimulation stimulate deeper tissue regions.

DOI： 10.1109/INTMAG.2018.8508511

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1109/JBHI.2017.2775657

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Although the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) algorithm has been applied successfully to SSVEP detection, artifacts and unrelated brain activities may influence the performance of the steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) system. Extracting the characteristic frequency sub-bands is an effective method to enhance the signal-to-noise-ratio of SSVEP signals. The sinusoid-assisted MEMD (SA-MEMD) algorithm is a powerful method for spectral decomposition. In this study, we propose an SA-MEMD based CCA method for SSVEP detection. The results suggest that the SA-MEMD based CCA algorithm is a useful method in the detection of typical SSVEP signals. The classification accuracy achieved 88.3% in a 4 s time window and there was a 2.8% improvement compared with the standard CCA algorithm.

DOI： 10.1109/CICN.2018.8864953

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1109/TMAG.2018.2851358

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1109/CISP-BMEI.2017.8302171

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising method for use in the clinical field, as it can induce modulation of cortical excitability. Generally, rTMS inhibits the motor cortex when delivered at less than 1 Hz. However, it has been indicated that a facilitative effect is induced by 1 Hz rTMS, depending on the stimulation parameters and the individual. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the features of the subject that could affect the 1 Hz rTMS effect when rTMS stimulus conditions change. First, motor evoked potentials (MEP) were measured under rTMS conditions with a variety of stimulus intensities and numbers of pulses. The MEP features before rTMS and the MEP modulation by the rTMS were then analyzed. Furthermore, correlations between the MEP features and the rTMS effect were investigated. It was found that the MEP amplitude and MEP onset before rTMS can influence the rTMS effect. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between these MEP features and the rTMS effect. MEPs with a small amplitude and early latency were little influenced by the inhibitive effect of 1 Hz rTMS, while MEPs with a large amplitude and late latency were readily affected by the inhibitive effect of 1 Hz rTMS. In this study, we focused on the MEP features before rTMS and identified the features of the subject that could influence the rTMS effect when the rTMS stimulus condition was changed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.030

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Although the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) algorithm has been applied successfully to steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) detection, artifacts and unrelated brain activities may affect the performance of SSVEP-based brain-computer interface systems. Extracting the characteristic frequency sub-bands is an effective method of enhancing the signal-to-noise-ratio of SSVEP signals. The sinusoid-assisted multivariate extension of empirical mode decomposition (SA-MEMD) algorithm is a powerful method of spectral decomposition. In this study, we propose an SA-MEMD-based CCA method for SSVEP detection. Experimental results suggest that the SA-MEMD-based CCA algorithm is a useful method for the detection of typical SSVEP signals. The SA-MEMD-based CCA algorithm reached a classification accuracy of 88.3% for a window of 4 s and outperformed the standard CCA algorithm by 2.8%.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2514420

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

A general method for evaluating sleep is by identifying the stages of sleep from electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG). Unfortunately, visual sleep scoring is usually subjective and time consumptive. This was the reason for the development of automatic sleep staging based on multi EEG, EOG, and EMG. Recently, automatic sleep stages based on single channel EEG is also being developed to reduce the unnecessary number of wire. The problem is that this approach needs 90 min to complete the sleep stages cycle while normal short nap or day-time sleep experiment duration is usually less than 60 min. With this less than 60 min’ sleep duration issue, the purpose of this research is to develop a single channel EEG evaluation method by measuring changes in amplitude power of EEG at a specific time of day time sleep. The amplitude difference in term of a complexity of EEG will be used as an experiment index. We calculated EEG complexity with Multi-Scale Entropy (MSE) for day-time sleep experiment. The average entropy as the final result from the method could determine the EEG complexity of frequency power and have a negative correlation with the delta wave. Based on this result, average entropy was used and had demonstrated a significant difference. MSE method could be useful for single channel EEG evaluation and significantly perform better understanding of day-time sleep.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-10-4361-1_73

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Nerve conduction study is a test to examine the function of electric signal transmission at the trunk of a peripheral nerve, which is an effective method for the diagnosis of diabetes to quantify the peripheral numbness and to evaluate the stage of this complication. In a routine test, the feature to measure in the electric potential waveform observed in this test is limited to the velocity and the amplitude of the peaks. To make the measurement more precise, the production process of the electric potential waveform should be observed carefully. In this study, nerve conduction study of a sural nerve, which is the most popular for the patients with diabetes, was simulated in a computer using general cable equation and neuroanatomical data. As a result, the approximate electric potential waveform was reproduced, whereas the conduction velocity of the peaks was not completely conformed to the physiological data.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-10-4361-1_78

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Improving the classification accuracy in brain–computer interface (BCI) with a short data length is important to increase the BCI system’s information transfer rate. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) has been examined to be an effective way to detect the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) signals with a short time window. In this paper, an improved multiple LASSO model for SSVEP detection is proposed, which can process multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals without electrode selection. EEG data from twelve healthy volunteers were used to test the improved multiple LASSO model. Compared with the traditional LASSO model, the improved multiple LASSO model gives a significantly better performance with multichannel EEG data.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-10-4361-1_72

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is known to elicit a conditioning effect on cortical excitability. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation with differing frequency and stimulation site. A magnetic stimulator with a flat figure-eight coil was used for TMS and was performed on the left primary motor cortex. The electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation were used in peripheral stimulation and the stimulus sites were the right and left supination of the forearm. Peripheral stimulation was performed at a stimulus frequency of 1 Hz or 10 Hz. Alterations of cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation were evaluated by comparing the mean of the motor evoked potential amplitude elicited by TMS each before and after peripheral stimulation. We found that cortical excitability varied according to the stimulation site and frequency in both the electrical and magnetic stimulation over the forearm. The inhibition of cortical excitability was observed in both 1 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation over the right forearm. In contrast, the facilitation of cortical excitability was observed at 1 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation over the left forearm, and it was confirmed for both the right and left forearms at 10 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation. Moreover, regarding the alteration of cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation, it was confirmed that magnetic stimulation has more the significant difference than electrical stimulation. We suggest that peripheral stimulation by electrical and magnetic stimulation have a similar effect to TMS, and can induce both facilitation and inhibition of cortical excitability. Moreover, in the case of peripheral stimulation of the same stimulus frequency, we expect that the magnetic stimulation has more the significant effect than electrical stimulation to cortical excitability.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-10-4361-1_79

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurological disorder that affects many children in the world. Many scientists have speculated that behavior therapy is an essential part of treatment for people with ADHD. One of the promising behavioral therapy is neurofeedback therapy. Using neurofeedback, therapist can learn how to modulate patients' brain activity by adjusting the training regimen. Identifying when a patient achieve implicit learning event can potentially help in designing the neurofeedback treatment to help people with ADHD. According to past research, it was speculated that implicit learning and children with ADHD could have an atypical relationship. The aim of this paper to analyze response times of healthy people while they perform cognitive tasks to differentiate between people who has gained implicit knowledge and those who did not. The data showed that there is a clear distinction between people who had gained implicit knowledge and those that did not.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2017.8229133

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract:
A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication approach that permits cerebral activity to control computers or external devices. Brain electrical activity recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) is most commonly used for BCI. Noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) is a data-driven time-frequency analysis method that can be applied to nonlinear and nonstationary EEG signals for BCI data processing. However, because white Gaussian noise occupies a broad range of frequencies, some redundant components are introduced. To solve this leakage problem, in this study, we propose using a sinusoidal assisted signal that occupies the same frequency ranges as the original signals to improve MEMD performance. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed sinusoidal signal assisted MEMD (SA-MEMD) method, we compared the decomposition performances of MEMD, NA-MEMD, and the proposed SA-MEMD using synthetic signals and a real-world BCI dataset. The spectral decomposition results indicate that the proposed SA-MEMD can avoid the generation of redundant components and over decomposition, thus substantially reduce the mode mixing and misalignment that occurs in MEMD and NA-MEMD. Moreover, using SA-MEMD as a signal preprocessing method instead of MEMD or NA-MEMD can significantly improve BCI classification accuracy, which indicates that SA-MEMD is a powerful spectral decomposition method for BCI.

DOI： 10.1109/JBHI.2017.2775657

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The aim of this study was to develop a model that predicts the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), allowing stimulation parameters for individual subjects. Modulation of cortical excitability induced by rTMS can be evaluated through motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude. We established a model that can predict how MEP amplitude is modulated by entering rTMS intensities and numbers of pulses. First, MEPs were measured under various rTMS conditions of stimulus intensity and number of pulses. Then, cluster analysis was performed to classify subjects, as rTMS affects individuals differently. Finally, the predictive model was created by applying multiple regression analysis to data from each cluster. As a result, subjects were classified into two groups. For Cluster A, the inhibitive effect of rTMS was difficulty induced and facilitative effect was induced depending on the stimulus condition. Then, the predictive errors had an average of 46.19%. For Cluster B, the inhibitive effect was strongly induced by rTMS, and the errors had an average of 20.25%. In the model, for both clusters, about 90% of measurement data were in the predictive interval. This report describes the development of our prediction model and its efficiency.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been proved to be effective in the detection of steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) signals. However, the CCA method only chooses the frequency in the reference mode that corresponds to the maximum correlation value as the target. This may make the CCA output less robust. In this study, we propose a one-class support vector machine based filter to filter the sequences of correlation values in the process of the detection of SSVEP signals. The results demonstrate that the classification accuracy improved over different time windows for all subjects and the improvement achieved approximately 10% for some subjects. Moreover, the ratio of instructions that were filtered incorrectly was relative low (less than 5%) if the SSVEP signals were generated effectively.

DOI： 10.1109/CISP-BMEI.2017.8302171

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

When people observe the actions of others, they naturally try to understand the underlying intentions. This behavior is called action understanding, and it has an important influence on mental development, language comprehension, and socialization. In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to obtain brain signals related to action understanding and then classified different intentions. Aiming to overcome the drawbacks of traditional multiclass classification methods of one-versus-rest (OVR) and one-versus-one (OVO), in this paper, we propose a new effective method to solve multiclass classification that is a combination of OVR and OVO. Compared with OVO, this new method effectively improved the accuracy of four-class classification from 25% to 48%.

DOI： 10.1109/CISP-BMEI.2017.8302159

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Peripheral stimulation is known to influence the state of cortical excitability. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether peripheral magnetic stimulation has similar effects on cortical excitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A magnetic stimulator with a flat figure-of-eight coil was used for both TMS, and peripheral magnetic stimulation applied to the bilateral forearms. TMS was performed on the left primary motor cortex to evaluate influence of the peripheral magnetic stimulation, and motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured from the right first dorsal interosseous. Peripheral magnetic stimulation was performed at a stimulus frequency of 1 Hz or 10 Hz, to the stimulus sites on the right and left supination of the forearm. The effects of peripheral magnetic stimulation were evaluated by comparing the mean MEP amplitude elicited by TMS before
and after peripheral magnetic stimulation. We found that cortical excitability varied according to the stimulation site and frequency of the peripheral magnetic stimulation. The inhibition of cortical excitability was observed following 1 Hz peripheral magnetic stimulation over the right forearm (p<0.001). In contrast, increased cortical excitability was observed using 1 Hz peripheral magnetic stimulation over the left forearm and 10 Hz stimulation over either the right or left forearms. We suggest that peripheral magnetic stimulation has a similar effect to TMS, and can induce both facilitation and inhibition of cortical excitability.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2017.8036990

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Understanding the cognitive function of human brain is an important step in providing scientific evidence which could help us improve the condition of memory disorders, slow down its progress or at least help the patients retain some important matters. In this study, we aimed to provide additional scientific evidence with more insight on how the brain functions at a good/bad cognitive state than the usual statistical analysis. We introduced the brain activation measurement using baseline-normalized ERSP to determine the activation of EEG data from stimuli. These active points over a period of time could reflect brain synchronization due to stimuli. We also demonstrated the use of proposed measure on attention working memory data. The results indicate the potential of using the proposed measurement in categorizing the brain cognitive state and identifying some important factors to provide additional evidence to the field in the future.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2017.8037826

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

There is a demand for a new neurorehabilitation modality with a brain-computer interface for stroke patients with insufficient or no remaining hand motor function. We previously developed a robotic hand rehabilitation system triggered by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to address this demand. In a preliminary prototype system, a robotic hand orthosis, providing one degree-of-freedom motion for a hand's closing and opening, is triggered by a wireless command from a NIRS system, capturing a subject's motor cortex activation. To examine the feasibility of the prototype, we conducted a preliminary test involving six neurologically intact participants. The test comprised a series of evaluations for two aspects of neurorehabilitation training in a real-time manner: classification accuracy and execution time. The effects of classification-related factors, namely the algorithm, signal type, and number of NIRS channels, were investigated. In the comparison of algorithms, linear discrimination analysis performed better than the support vector machine in terms of both accuracy and training time. The oxyhemoglobin versus deoxyhemoglobin comparison revealed that the two concentrations almost equally contribute to the hand motion estimation. The relationship between the number of NIRS channels and accuracy indicated that a certain number of channels are needed and suggested a need for a method of selecting informative channels. The computation time of 5.84 ms was acceptable for our purpose. Overall, the preliminary prototype showed sufficient feasibility for further development and clinical testing with stroke patients.

DOI： 10.1109/ICORR.2017.8009239

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Understanding the actions of other people is a key component of social interaction. This paper used an electroencephalography and functional near infrared spectroscopy (EEG-fNIRS) bimodal system to investigate the temporal-spatial features of action intention understanding. We measured brain activation while participants observed three actions: 1) grasping a cup for drinking; 2) grasping a cup for moving; and 3) no meaningful intention. Analysis of EEG maximum standardized current density revealed that brain activation transitioned from the left to the right hemisphere. EEG-fNIRS source analysis results revealed that both the mirror neuron system and theory of mind network are involved in action intention understanding, and the extent to which these two systems are engaged appears to be determined by the clarity of the observed intention. These findings indicate that action intention understanding is a complex and dynamic process.

DOI： 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2723428

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The aim of this study was to develop a model that predicts the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), allowing stimulation of parameters for individual subjects. Modulation of cortical excitability induced by rTMS can be evaluated through motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude. We establish a model that can predict how the MEP amplitude is modulated by entering rTMS intensity and number of pulses. First, MEPs are measured under various rTMS conditions of stimulus intensity and number of pulses. Then, cluster analysis is performed to classify the subjects, as rTMS affects individuals differently. Finally, a predictive model is created by applying multiple regression analysis to the data from each cluster. As a result, subjects are classified into two groups. For Cluster A, the inhibitive effect of rTMS is difficult to induce and the facilitative effect is induced depending on the stimulus condition. Then, the average predictive error is 46.19%. For Cluster B, the inhibitive effect is strongly induced by rTMS, and the average error is 20.25%. In the model, for both clusters, about 90% of measurement data is in the predictive interval. This paper describes the development of our prediction model and its efficiency.

DOI： 10.1002/tee.22415

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1109/JBHI.2016.2546311

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose: The level of residual cognitive function in patients with early brain injury is a key factor limiting rehabilitation and the quality of life. Although understanding residual function is necessary for appropriate rehabilitation, the extent of its effects on cognitive improvement remains unknown. This study evaluated cognitive function in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities after early brain injuries due to cerebral hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia. We focused on neural responses to hearing the subject's own name (SON). According to previous studies, differences in response to SON are associated with several types of cognitive dysfunction. Methods: We examined healthy subjects (aged 21.4 6 1.10 years; control) and patients with a previous brain injury (aged 13-27 years at the time of our analysis) resulting in periventricular leukomalacia or a cerebral hemorrhage during the perinatal period or childhood. We recorded EEG responses to the SON and to other Japanese words, obtaining EEG-evoked potentials with wavelet transformations. Results: Compared with healthy controls, beta power (not alpha power) revealed differences in response to SON by patients with brain injury, especially those with cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions: We suggest that alpha and beta power differences reflect different cognitive functions and that the SON response reveals more than one process. Beta powers may reflect the intellectual disability of cognitive function in response to selfrelevant stimuli, especially in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Meanwhile, alpha powers did not differ from those of the healthy controls, suggesting that the patients perhaps paid attention to their own names.

DOI： 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000355

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Peripheral stimulation is known to influence the state of cortical excitability. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether peripheral magnetic stimulation has similar effects on cortical excitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A magnetic stimulator with a flat figure-of-eight coil was used for both TMS, and peripheral magnetic stimulation applied to the bilateral forearms. TMS was performed on the left primary motor cortex to evaluate influence of the peripheral magnetic stimulation, and motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured from the right first dorsal interosseous. Peripheral magnetic stimulation was performed at a stimulus frequency of 1 Hz or 10 Hz, to the stimulus sites on the right and left supination of the forearm. The effects of peripheral magnetic stimulation were evaluated by comparing the mean MEP amplitude elicited by TMS before and after peripheral magnetic stimulation. We found that cortical excitability varied according to the stimulation site and frequency of the peripheral magnetic stimulation. The inhibition of cortical excitability was observed following 1 Hz peripheral magnetic stimulation over the right forearm (p<0.001). In contrast, increased cortical excitability was observed using 1 Hz peripheral magnetic stimulation over the left forearm and 10 Hz stimulation over either the right or left forearms. We suggest that peripheral magnetic stimulation has a similar effect to TMS, and can induce both facilitation and inhibition of cortical excitability.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7592196

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Peripheral stimulation is known to influence the state of cortical excitability. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether peripheral magnetic stimulation has similar effects on cortical excitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A magnetic stimulator with a flat figure-of-eight coil was used for both TMS, and peripheral magnetic stimulation applied to the bilateral forearms. TMS was performed on the left primary motor cortex to evaluate influence of the peripheral magnetic stimulation, and motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured from the right first dorsal interosseous. Peripheral magnetic stimulation was performed at a stimulus frequency of 1 Hz or 10 Hz, to the stimulus sites on the right and left supination of the forearm. The effects of peripheral magnetic stimulation were evaluated by comparing the mean MEP amplitude elicited by TMS before
and after peripheral magnetic stimulation. We found that cortical excitability varied according to the stimulation site and frequency of the peripheral magnetic stimulation. The inhibition of cortical excitability was observed following 1 Hz peripheral magnetic stimulation over the right forearm (p<0.001). In contrast, increased cortical excitability was observed using 1 Hz peripheral magnetic stimulation over the left forearm and 10 Hz stimulation over either the right or left forearms. We suggest that peripheral magnetic stimulation has a similar effect to TMS, and can induce both facilitation and inhibition of cortical excitability.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is known to elicit a conditioning effect on cortical excitability.
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation with differing frequency and stimulation site. A magnetic stimulator with a flat figure-eight coil was used for TMS and was performed on the left primary motor cortex. The electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation were used in peripheral stimulation and the stimulus sites were the right and left supination of the forearm. Peripheral stimulation was performed at a stimulus frequency of 1 Hz or 10 Hz. Alterations of cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation were evaluated by comparing the mean of the motor evoked potential amplitude elicited
by TMS each before and after peripheral stimulation. We found that cortical excitability varied according to the stimulation site and frequency in both the electrical and magnetic stimulation over the forearm. The inhibition of cortical excitability was observed in both 1 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation over the right forearm. In contrast, the facilitation of cortical excitability was observed at 1 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation over the left forearm, and it was confirmed for both the right and left forearms at 10 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation. Moreover, regarding the alteration of cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation, it was
confirmed that magnetic stimulation has more the significant difference than electrical stimulation. We suggest that peripheral stimulation by electrical and magnetic stimulation have a similar effect to TMS, and can induce both facilitation and inhibition of cortical excitability. Moreover, in the case of peripheral stimulation of the same stimulus frequency, we expect that the magnetic stimulation has more the significant effect than electrical timulation to cortical excitability.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

General method of evaluating sleep is to identify the stages of sleep from electroenchephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG). Unfortunately, visual sleep scoring take a long time and very subjective. This causes developing of automatic sleep staging based on multi EEG, EOG and EMG. Recently, many researchers have developed automatic sleep stages based on single channel EEG to reduce the unnecessary number of wired. However, sleep stages cycle completed in ninety minutes. Short time or day time sleep experiment usually done in less than one hour and make it difficult to analysis with standard measurement.
The purpose of this research is developing an evaluation method by single channel EEG. This method works by measuring changes in amplitude power of EEG at a specific time of day time sleep. This different amplitude in term of complexity of EEG can be used to define as an index. Methods: We calculated EEG complexity with Multi Scale Entropy (MSE) for day time sleep experiment Results: The average entropy as the final result from the method could determine the EEG complexity of frequency power and have negative correlation with delta
wave. Based on this result, average entropy was used and had demonstrated a significant difference. Conclusion: MSE method could be useful to measure single channel EEG and significantly perform better understanding of day time sleep.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Nerve conduction study is a test to examine the function of electric signal transmission at the trunk of a peripheral
nerve, which is an effective method for the diagnosis of diabetes to quantify the peripheral numbness and to evaluate the stage of this complication. In a routine test, the feature to measure in the electric potential waveform observed in this test is limited to the velocity and the amplitude of the peaks. To make the measurement more precise, the production process of the electric potential waveform should be observed carefully.
In this study, nerve conduction study of a sural nerve, which is the most popular for the patients with diabetes, was simulated in a computer using general cable equation and neuroanatomical data. As a result, the approximate electric potential waveform was reproduced, whereas the conduction velocity of the peaks

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Improving the classification accuracy in brain–computer interface (BCI) with a short data length is important
to increase the BCI system’s information transfer rate. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) has been examined to be an effective way to detect the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) signals with a short time window. In this paper, an improved multiple LASSO model for SSVEP detection is proposed, which can process multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals without electrode selection. EEG data from twelve healthy volunteers were used to test the improved multiple LASSO model. Compared with the traditional
LASSO model, the improved multiple LASSO model gives a significantly better performance with multichannel EEG data.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The neuronal response to hearing a subjects own name (SON) has been often investigated using event-related potential (ERP) or time-frequency analysis, but seldom by a combination of these methods. Using this combination of approaches would allow the relationship between memory processes engaged by SON and the neuronal responses to be studied in more detail. Thus, the present study used both ERP and time-frequency analysis to investigate memory process for SON by comparing the responses to SON and to unfamiliar names. Specifically, the SON condition was compared with two control conditions: Repeated unfamiliar names and singly presented unfamiliar names. This experimental design allowed us to determine the differences in memory processes between hearing onés own name and hearing unrelated but repeatedly heard names. ERP analysis showed that SON elicited a late positive component in parietal areas, while unfamiliar names elicited no positivity. Beta power suppression was observed in response to SON at 0.4-0.6 s after stimulus onset at right central sites, but not in response to unfamiliar names. These results are indicative of an involvement of episodic memory processes on hearing SON, which corresponds to the recognition of onés own name. Further, the ERP results suggest the presence of a "new" stimulus recognition process that is activated by singly presented unfamiliar names but not by repeated unfamiliar names.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.032

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

By using fractal dimension and sample entropy, we investigated the complexity electroencephalogram (EEG) during an activity that uses working memory. We conduct a short-term memory test and a calculation task and analyzed 1.0s EEG data from 4 phases (resting, encoding, retrieval and calculation phase). As a result, fractal dimension analysis can reflect the activity of the working memory better than sample entropy analysis. Moreover, in order to investigate the relationship between the fractal dimension value and the power of theta band (4-8 Hz) in the frontal region, we conducted a correlation coefficient analysis. The result showed that increase of the power of theta band and decrease of fractal dimension value has relatively high correlation. In conclusion, the activity of working memory in frontal part may be able to be captured by fractal dimension analysis.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2015.7399576

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

The topic of our research is the detection of concealed information based on ERP (Event Related Potential). As a method to detect concealed information there is CIT (Concealed Information Test). CIT is used to detect intentionally concealed information, for example crime-related information, with subject's physiological response to presented stimuli. We used visually CIT based on P300 in the experiment. There are three kinds of stimuli in CIT. One is 'Probe', which is related to concealed information. The other is 'Irrelevant', which is not related with it but consists of same category as Probe (ex; place, time and so on). And the other is 'Target', which is for calling subject's attention to the experiment. In CIT, the subject's reaction to those presented stimuli are measured and compared with each other categories. If the reaction to Probe are different with one to Irrelevant the subject is considered as he knows Probe. Although Words are often used as stimulus in this kind of study, we assume that pictures are better as the stimulus in CIT. In this study, we investigated the difference between the word stimuli and picture stimuli in CIT. We use Japanese words or pictures as the stimulus and compare the amplitude of P300 as reaction to those stimuli. It is showed that picture stimuli are better than word stimuli for CIT.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2015.7399578

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

The present study proposes the method of removing head movement artifact for considering real-time processing and improving reliability of EEG under unconstrained measurement. In the proposed method, independent component analysis and high-pass filtering were used with a hybrid accelerometer, which was used for detecting components containing head movement artifact. To evaluate the proposed method, we measured EEG which included the artifact and P300 components. As a result, although EEG amplitude decreased, original P300 waveform appeared clearly. This result indicates that the proposed method is effective for removing head movement artifact while keeping EEG information.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2015.7399577

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Soft neurological signs (SNS) are minor neurological abnormalities in motor performance, and are used as one evaluation method for neurodevelopmental delays in children with ADHD. Our aim is to establish a quantitative evaluation system for children with ADHD. We focused on the arm movement called pronation and supination, which is one such soft neurological sign. Thirty three children with ADHD aged 7–11 years (27 males, six females) and twenty five adults participants aged 21–29 years old (19 males, six females) participated in our experiments. Our results suggested that the pronation and supination function in children with ADHD has a tendency to lag behind that of typically developing children by several years. From these results, our system has a possibility to objectively evaluate the neurodevelopmental delay of children with ADHD.

DOI： 10.3390/s16010116

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Nerve conduction test is a noninvasive method to find some possible malfunction of a peripheral nerve to conduct action potentials between stimulation and observation points by observing the compound action potential after stimulation. To obtain the basic method to estimate the effect of composition and shape of a limb to the test results, compound action potential produced on the surface of a cylindrical limb was simulated using boundary element method. The produced potential wave had a typical shape of a compound action potential and conducted at rational velocity.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejeiss.136.1348

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Nowadays, Not only the accuracy of a classification system but also a feature extraction method is an important matter in a Brain Computer Interface Application. In this paper, we investigated the multiclass classification of mental task using EEG signal. Higuchi Fractal Dimension and 10-Statistic Parameters were used as feature extraction method. The 10-statistic parameters are central tendency type that is, maximum value, minimum value, mean, standard deviation, median, mode, variance, first-quartile, third-quartile, interchange quartile. Multiclass Support Vector Machine with One-against-All strategy is applied to classify EEG signal related to the mental task. The result shows that the Multiclass SVM classifier with 1-against-All strategy using 10-Statistic Parameters has a higher accuracy when compared to Higuchi Fractal Dimension-SVM, Extreme Learning Machine, Back Propagation Neural Network, both of Support Vector Machine 1-versus-1 strategy and 1-versus-All strategy. The average accuracy ranging between 99.2% and 100% for 10-Statistic Parameters-SVM and HFD-SVM ranging from 60.22% to 91.91% were gained for five mental task classes.

DOI： 10.1109/TENCON.2015.7372967

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured to the onset of narrowband-noise trailing markers in the within-channel and across-channel conditions. ABRs have been measured in the context of within-channel gap detection, where gap thresholds defined by the presence of clearly peaked ABRs corresponded well to psychophysical gap thresholds of the same listeners. Ten male students participated in this study. No participants had any known hearing deficits or difficulty in listening to the stimuli used in the experiment, and they gave written informed consent prior to the experiment. There were five combinations of center frequencies of the leading and trailing markers. In the stimulus with no gap, the offset of the leading marker overlapped with the onset of the trailing marker, so that there was no amplitude decrement in the stimulus. For 800/800 and 1,600/800, the amplitudes remained low up to 1GT and jumped to a high level at 1.5 GT. For 800/1,600, the amplitude increased at 1 GT. For 800/3,200 and 3,200/800, the amplitudes increased at 0.5 GT but showed no significant increase thereafter.

DOI： 10.1250/ast.37.79

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Severe motor and intellectual disability (SMID) patients cannot express their feelings with language. Understanding what they are thinking about or how they feel is thus difficult. This study focused on brain responses to hearing their own names to clarify the situation in these patients.
We performed and analyzed electroencephalography (EEG) for six patients with SMID and eleven healthy subjects. All subjects were presented with auditory stimuli including calling the subject’s own name (SON) and reading words. EEG was analyzed by time–frequency analysis, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) to detect EEG power changes caused by EEG amplitude, and inter-trial coherence (ITC) to investigate phase-locked changes.
ERSP results from healthy subjects showed significant theta power increases as a specific response to SON. While we could not identify a similar pattern in the responses of patients with SMID, analysis of ITC revealed that theta phase-locked activity increased in response to SON not only in all healthy subjects, but also in four patients.
These results indicate that theta phase-locked activity in some patients with SMID was strongly associated with SON, as in healthy subjects. Our study suggests the existence of specific neural markers that signal an attentional shift in patients upon hearing SON.

DOI： 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.11.009

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

In this study, a monitoring system of cognitive state in usual behavior without restraint using wireless EEG, ECG and NIRS on developmental disorder children such as mental retardation was developed. By using this system we would like to investigate the education training effect on cognitive state in a mental retardation child in four years. The aim of special education is to make adaptations, accommodations and modification that allow a child with a mental retardation to succeed in classroom. This education training separated into two systems, resting state and studying state. After the measurement, we calculated the EEG power spectrum of alpha, theta bands and the low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), and LH/HF value from the RR interval in ECG. At the same time we calculated the changes in concentration of oxyhemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]). The result in studying state showed theta power is lower than beta power in study state in the other hand beta power is lower than theta power in resting state From LF/HF activity we could know that sympathetic activity is increasing and from the result that has obtained from ECG, the parasympathetic activity is decreasing the time. NIRS showed the increasing in study states and decreasing in resting states at Fp2 area from oxyhemoglobin analysis.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319908

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2015.7399531

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study proposes the method of removing head movement artifact for considering real-time processing and improving reliability of EEG under unconstrained measurement. In the proposed method, independent component analysis and high-pass filtering

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2015.7399531

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study proposes the method of removing head movement artifact for considering real-time processing and improving reliability of EEG under unconstrained measurement. In the proposed method, independent component analysis and high-pass filtering

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2015.7399531

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Working memory is an important brain functionfor memorizing information in everyday life. This study proposed an alternative approach for analyzing visual working memory based on brain complexity to identify brain state condition for memorizing new scene.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2015.7399531

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Soft neurological signs (SNS) are evident in the motor performance of children and disappear as the child grows up. Therefore SNS are used as criteria for evaluating age-appropriate development of neurological function. The aim of this study was to quantify SNS during arm movement in childhood. In this study, we focused on pronation and supination, which are arm movements included in the SNS examination. Two hundred and twenty-three typically developing children aged 4–12 years (107 boys, 116 girls) and 18 adults aged 21–26 years (16 males, two females) participated in the experiment. To quantify SNS during pronation and supination, we calculated several evaluation index scores: bimanual symmetry, compliance, postural stability, motor speed and mirror movement. These index scores were evaluated using data obtained from sensors attached to the participants’ hands and elbows. Each score increased as age increased. Results obtained using our system showed developmental changes that were consistent with criteria for SNS. We were able to successfully quantify SNS during pronation and supination. These results indicate that it may be possible to use our system as quantitative criteria for evaluating development of neurological function.

DOI： 10.3390/s151025793

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The purpose of this study is to analyze the inhibition mechanism of magnetic stimulation on motor function. A magnetic stimulator with a flat figure-eight coil was used to stimulate the peripheral nerve of the antebrachium. The intensity of magnetic stimulation was 0.8 T, and the stimulation frequency was 1 Hz. The amplitudes of the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) at the abductor pollicis brevis muscle and first dorsal interosseous muscle were used to evaluate the effects of magnetic stimulation. The effects of magnetic stimulation were evaluated by analyzing the MEP amplitude before and after magnetic stimulation to the primary motor cortex. The results showed that MEP amplitude after magnetic stimulation compared with before magnetic stimulation decreased. Because there were individual differences in MEP amplitude induced by magnetic stimulation, the MEP amplitude after stimulation was normalized by the amplitude of each participant before stimulation. The MEP amplitude after stimulation decreased by approximately 58% (p<0.01) on average compared with before stimulation. Previous studies suggested that magnetic stimulation to the primary motor cortex induced an increase or a decrease in MEP amplitude. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that the alteration in MEP amplitude was induced by cortical excitability based on magnetic stimulation. The results of this study showed that MEP amplitude decreased following magnetic stimulation to the peripheral nerve. We suggest that the decrease in MEP amplitude found in this study was obtained via the feedback from a peripheral nerve through an afferent nerve to the brain. This study suggests that peripheral excitement by magnetic stimulation of the peripheral nerve may control the central nervous system via afferent feedback.

DOI： 10.1063/1.4908303

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We develop a coupled mathematical model of avascular tumor growth based on porous media mechanics. This comprises of the migration of tumor cells (TCs), the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), the transport of matrix-degrading enzymes (MDEs), the seepage of tissue fluid and the supplement and consumption of oxygen. The simulation that a solid tumor grows in the micro-environment composed of the pre-existing capillaries and the surrounding tissues, and the specific property of varying porosity with the growth of TCs in a tumor micro-environment are taken into account. We propose functional coefficients for fluid seepage and oxygen diffusion, and incorporate the convection–diffusion of oxygen and the convection of MDEs. From this modified model the main findings include: first, a solid tumor originating in the inlet region undergoes necrosis in the outlet region because of a low supply of oxygen, while a solid tumor originating in the outlet region undergoes necrosis at the primary site because of overconsumption of oxygen; second, tumors further from capillaries grow faster than tumors close to adjacent capillaries; third, the pre-existing capillaries cause some impact to the transport of those chemical factors involved in tumor growth, and further affect tumor migration and necrosis.

DOI： 10.1142/S0219519415500244

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Artifacts that contaminate electroencephalography (EEG) signals make it difcult to analyze EEG. The aim of this study was to removal artifacts on EEG, specially those caused by motion, to measure EEG in unconstrained situations. In a previous study, head movements were detected by an accelerometer, and motion artifact components were separated from the recorded EEG by independent component analysis (ICA). This method is effective for reducing the effect of artifacts, but has a risk that EEG components are also removed. In this paper, we introduce an improved artifact removal method based on ICA and ltering. EEG were decomposed by ICA, and a Pearson’s correlation coefcient was calculated between each independent component and each hybrid accelerometer value to distinguish artifact components. Artifact components were then high-pass ltered. In this study, subjects were instructed to move their heads randomly, while keeping their eyes closed. The previous method was adapted using 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 s to nd the most suitable epoch to minimize the mean absolute amplitude of the cleaned EEG. Then, using this epoch, the proposed method was compared with the previous method by frequency analysis. Low frequency power (0.1–3 Hz) was normalized to unity because most power caused by motion artifacts exists in the low power band. If the normalized theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (13–40 Hz) powers of cleaned EEG are higher than that of raw EEG, this indicates that the effect of motion artifacts is small and EEG components are retained. The results obtained from theta and alpha power comparison showed that the proposed method performed better than the previous method. This result suggests that the proposed artifact removal method is more effective to reduce the effect of artifacts while retaining the EEG components.

DOI： 10.14326/abe.4.67

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The entire process of oxygen transport in microcirculation by developing a 3D porous media model is calculated numerically with coupled solid deformation-fluid seepage-convection and diffusion . The principal novelty of the model is that it takes into account volumetric deformation of both capillary and tissues resulting from capillary fluctuation. How solid deformation, fluid seepage, and convection-diffusion combine to affect
oxygen transport is examined quantitatively: (1) Solid deformation is more significant in the middle of capillary, where the maximum value of volumetric deformation reaches about 0.5%. (2) Solid deformation has positive influence on the tissue fluid so that it flows more uniformly and causes oxygen to be transported more uniformly, and eventually impacts oxygen concentration by 0.1%–0.5%. (3) Convection-diffusion coupled deformation and seepage has a maximum (16%) and average (3%) increase in oxygen concentration, compared with pure molecular diffusion. Its more significant role is to allow oxygen to be transported more evenly.

DOI： 10.1007/s10483-015-1908-7

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This paper is aimed at examining the effect of convection–diffusion on oxygen transport at the micro-level. A coupled model of the convection–diffusion and molecular diffusion of oxygen is developed, and the solid deformation resulting from capillary fluctuations and the seepage of tissue fluid are incorporated into this model. The results indicate that (1) the oxygen concentration calculated from this coupled model is higher than that given by molecular diffusion
models, both within the capillaries and tissue (maximum difference of 16%); (2) convection–diffusion has the greatest effect in tissue surrounding the iddle of the capillary, and enhances the amount of oxygen transported to cells far from the oxygen source; (3) larger permeability coefficients or smaller diffusion coefficients produce a more obvious convection–diffusion effect; (4) a counter-current flow occurs near the inlet and outlet ends of the capillary. This model also provides a foundation for the study of how oxygen affects tumor growth.

DOI： 10.1142/S0219519415500037

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The entire process of oxygen transport in microcirculation by developing a 3D porous media model is calculated numerically with coupled solid deformation-fluid seepage-convection and diffusion. The principal novelty of the model is that it takes into account volumetric deformation of both capillary and tissues resulting from capillary fluctuation. How solid deformation, fluid seepage, and convection-diffusion combine to affect oxygen transport is examined quantitatively: (1) Solid deformation is more significant in the middle of capillary, where the maximum value of volumetric deformation reaches about 0.5%. (2) Solid deformation has positive influence on the tissue fluid so that it flows more uniformly and causes oxygen to be transported more uniformly, and eventually impacts oxygen concentration by 0.1%–0.5%. (3) Convection-diffusion coupled deformation and seepage has a maximum (16%) and average (3%) increase in oxygen concentration, compared with pure molecular diffusion. Its more significant role is to allow oxygen to be transported more evenly.

DOI： 10.1007/s10483-015-1908-7

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Toward the understanding of how human brains work so that we could manage to effectively improve the conditions of neurological disorders or even enhance the cognitive performance, working memory study is of interest. Multi-scale sample entropy has been used to analyze the complexity of biomedical data. This study aims to investigate the potential of using multi-scale sample entropy as a feature for characterizing memory. We applied complexity analysis on EEG data recorded during a cognitive experiment targeting working memory through visual stimuli. The results revealed the distinctive sample entropy for various memory cases in prefrontal area. This indicated the potential of using multi-scale sample entropy for characterizing memory.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCON.2014.7017446

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of sub- or supra-threshold low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive function. The magnetic stimulation was delivered at 1 Hz to the left supramarginal gyrus, which is considered to be the area of origin of the P300 event-related potential component. The intensity of magnetic stimulation was 80% or 120% of motor threshold, and 100 magnetic pulses were applied. The auditory oddball task, consisting of tone burst waves, was used to elicit P300 before and shortly after magnetic stimulation. We found that P300 latency depended on the intensity of the 1 Hz magnetic stimulation. With subthreshold rTMS, P300 latency was significantly shortened compared with before magnetic stimulation by around 10 ms (Cz: p<;0.05) on average. With the suprathreshold rTMS, the latency was significantly delayed compared with before magnetic stimulation by around 10 ms (Cz: p<; 0.01) on average. The facilitation of cortical excitability by rTMS may induce the shortening of P300 latency, whereas the inhibition of cortical excitability may induce its delay. Thus, P300 latency can be altered by both sub- and supra-threshold low-frequency magnetic stimulation.

DOI： 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2323071

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

With shorter calibration times and higher information transfer rates, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been studied most activity in recent years. Target identification is the ongoing core task in BCI researches, and plays a significant role in practical applications. In order to improve the performance of SSVEP-based BCI system, we proposed a partial least squares (PLS)-based stimulus frequency recognition model for SSVEP detection. Moreover, we compared the proposed method with canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, respectively. The experiment results showed that PLS can not only extract the SSVEP features effectively, but also can increase the classification accuracies of SSVEP-based BCI systems.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEI.2014.7002863

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Heart Disease affects approximately 70 million people worldwide where most people do not even know the symptoms. This research examines the prototype of early warning system for heart disease by android application. It aims to facilitate users to early detect heart disease which can be used independently. To build the application in android phone, variable centered intelligence rule system (VCIRS) as decision makers and pulse sensor - Arduino as heart rate detector were
applied in this study. Moreover, in Arduino, the heart rate will become an input for symptoms in Android Application. The output of this system is the conclusion statement of users diagnosed with either coronary heart disease, hypertension heart disease, rheumatic heart disease or do not get any kind of heart disease. The result of diagnosis followed by analysis of the
value of usage variable rate (VUR) rule usage rate (RUR) and node usage rate (NUR) that shows the value of the rule that will increase when the symptoms frequently appear. This application was compared with the medical analysis from 35 cases of heart disease and it showed concordance between diagnosis from android application and expert diagnosis of the doctors.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944369

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

In recent years, based on the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have generated significant interest, due to their shorter calibration times and higher information transfer rates. Target identification is the core signal processing task in BCIs. Power spectral density analysis (PSDA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) are the most popular and widely used classification methods in SSVEP-BCI systems. In this paper, we first combined these two methods for detecting the SSVEP signals. Moreover, we compared the proposed method with PSDA, CCA method, respectively. The results showed that the proposed method can improve the accuracy and the transfer rate of BCIs.

DOI： 10.1109/WCICA.2014.7053101

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study analyzed the effects of monophasic magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex. The effects of magnetic stimulation were evaluated by analyzing the motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The amplitude and latency of MEPs on the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were used to evaluate the effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation. A figure eight-shaped flat coil was used to stimulate the region over the primary motor cortex. The intensity of magnetic stimulation was 120% of the resting motor threshold, and the frequency of magnetic stimulation was 0.1 Hz. In addition, the direction of the current in the brain was posterior-anterior (PA) or anterior-posterior (AP). The latency of MEP was compared with PA and AP on initial magnetic stimulation. The results demonstrated that a stimulus in the AP direction increased the latency of the MEP by approximately 2.5 ms. MEP amplitude was also compared with PA and AP during 60 magnetic stimulations. The results showed that a stimulus in the PA direction gradually increased the amplitude of the MEP. However, a stimulus in the AP direction did not modulate the MEP amplitude. The average MEP amplitude induced from every 10 magnetic pulses was normalized by the average amplitude of the first 10 stimuli. These results demonstrated that the normalized MEP amplitude increased up to approximately 150%. In terms of pyramidal neuron indirect waves (I waves), magnetic stimulation inducing current flowing backward to the anterior preferentially elicited an I1 wave, and current flowing forward to the posterior elicited an I3 wave. It has been reported that the latency of the I3 wave is approximately 2.5 ms longer than the I1 wave elicitation, so the resulting difference in latency may be caused by this phenomenon. It has also been reported that there is no alteration of MEP amplitude at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. However, this study suggested that the modulation of MEP amplitude depends on stimulation strength - nd stimulation direction.

DOI： 10.1063/1.4862716

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study analyzed the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on brain activity. P300 latency of event-related potential (ERP) was used to evaluate the effect of low-frequency and short-term rTMS. We investigated the effect of P300 latency by 1.0 or 0.5 rTMS over the supramarginal gyrus (SMGs) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFCs). The P300 of ERP was elicited by auditory odd-ball task, which was delivered before and shortly after rTMS. ERP was measured prior to rTMS as a control, and after the rTMS. The rTMS was performed for 100 pulses. We found that the individual frequency difference of rTMS affected P300 latencies. Compared to the control, with 1.0 Hz-rTMS to the left-SMG, P300 latencies decreased. Latencies were shorted by approximately 18 ms at Fz electrode. With 0.5 Hz-rTMS to the left-SMG and 1.0 Hz-rTMS to the left-DLPFC, P300 latencies increased. Latencies were lengthened by approximately 26 ms at Fz electrode with 0.5 Hz-rTMS to the left-SMG, and by approximately 18 ms at Fz electrode with 1 Hz-rTMS to the left-DLPFC. In contrast, P300 latency was little altered by rTMS over the right-SMG and right-DLPFC. The results suggested that the effect of low-frequency rTMS had difference by stimulus frequency and stimulation point.

DOI： http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.133.445

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Sever motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) patients can't express their feelings with languages. That's why it is important to measure and analyze their brain activity. In this study, we tried to investigate the brain response to hearing subject's own name of healthy people and one patient with SMID by analyzing EEG. The results of time frequency analysis showed the inter trial coherence of a patient with SMID at theta oscillation was higher in response to SON specifically. On the other hand, that of healthy subjects was not so different with that in response to control condition. These results might reflect of the difference of lexical semantic process between the patient and healthy subjects.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6611271

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

The purpose of the present study was to use event-related potentials (ERP) to clarify the effect of magnetic stimulation on cognitive processing. A figure eight-shaped flat repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) coil was used to stimulate either the region over the left or the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is considered to be the origin of the P300 component. Stimulus frequencies were 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 Hz rTMS. The strength of the magnetic stimulation was set at 80% of the motor threshold for each participant. The auditory oddball task was used to elicit P300s before and shortly after rTMS, and comprised a sequence of sounds containing standard (1 kHz pure tone, 80% of trials) and deviant (2 kHz pure tone, 20% of trials) stimuli. We found that a 1.00 Hz rTMS pulse train over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increased P300 latencies by 8.50 ms at Fz, 12.85 ms at Cz, and 11.25 ms at Pz. In contrast, neither 0.75 and 0.50 Hz rTMS pulse trains over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex nor 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 Hz rTMS pulse trains over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex altered P300 latencies. These results indicate that rTMS frequency affects cognitive processing. Thus, we suggest that the effects of rTMS vary according to the activity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6609919

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used in the medical field to modulate cortical excitability. However, when applied in this setting, rTMS stimulation parameters are not usually decided objectively. The aim of this study is to make a model that predicts the rTMS effect, allowing stimulation parameters (intensity and pulse number) to be easily determined before use. First, we investigated the relationship between stimulation condition and rTMS outcome. rTMS delivered at 1 Hz was applied with stimulation intensities of 85%, 100%, or 115% resting motor threshold (RMT) over the primary motor cortex in the left hemisphere. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured before rTMS and after every 200 rTMS pulses. Eighteen hundred pulses were applied for each stimulation condition. Results showed that more pulses and stronger intensities lead to a larger decrease in MEP amplitude. An initial prediction model was then made by applying multiple regression analysis over the experimental data. We then adjusted the model depending on the size of the initial MEP amplitude before rTMS, and confirmed the improvement.

DOI： 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6611011

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Numerical simulation of human and xenopus myelinated nerve magnetic stimulation was executed to compare their excitation thresholds at Low Frequency (LF) band. Currently LF band magnetic field exposure is suppressed during Magnetic Resonance (MR) scanning to avoid possible unexpected sensation and motion, which limits the resolution of MR images. Recently, Weinberg and his colleague reported higher threshold of human peripheral nerve against magnetic field at LF band in their experimental study. Using equvalent circuits of human and xenopus myelinated nerves, their thresholds for LF magnetic field stiumulation were investigated. As a result, the excitation threshold of human nerve for LF magnetic field stimulation with biphasic cosine wave increased exponentially around 100kHz as the frequency increased, which is consistent with the finding of Weinberg et al. and was not observed in xenopus nerve equivalent circuit. The lower axoplasm resistivity of human nerve was considered to be the cause of this feature.

DOI： http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.133.351

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive and painless stimulation of local cerebral nerves using eddy current generated by electromagnetic induction with a TMS coil. Although TMS is used in various fields, which area of the brain is stimulated is not known because of the complicated structure of the organ. In this study, we simulated neuronal excitement by TMS using the finite element method. First, we designed a brain sulcus model consisting of cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter and white matter, using 0.5 mm cube elements. To improve calculation accuracy, cube element size was set to 0.5/3 mm only in regions near the boundary surface. Second, we applied TMS stimulation to the model in different conditions. We used coil radii of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mm, and coil orientation at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°, which is defined as the angle between the orientation of the electric field and the axon. Finally, we calculated the membrane potential and compared the results obtained under different conditions. We found that membrane potential changed rapidly at the white matter and gray matter interface when the coil radius was over 20 mm and coil orientation was within 60° between the orientation of the electric field and the axon. These results provide useful information on appropriate TMS parameters for effective stimulation of target area in the brain.

DOI： DN/JST.JSTAGE/abe/1.55

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are promising tools for painless cortical stimulation. It has been widely use in the clinical field for treating some diseases. In addition, it can also be used for investigating the brain function, e.g. both rTMS and tDCS are possible to be used to inhibit or excite the human brain activities. In biomedical research, one of the most interesting brain activities would be the alpha wave, the oscillation in the range of 8-13 Hz acquired by the non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG). However, the rTMS and tDCS effects on posterior EEG alpha wave remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rTMS and tDCS on the posterior alpha wave. The transcranial stimulation effects was observed by analyzing a measured EEG at the occipital area during eyes opened and eyes closed phases, before and after stimulation. The EEG alpha power and alpha coherence were calculated and analyzed in terms of the ratio between eyes closed and eyes opened periods. The results revealed that alpha power ratio at the individual alpha frequency (IAF) significantly increased after the 1Hz rTMS and cathodal tDCS (inhibited condition) and slightly decreased after the anodal tDCS (excited condition) compared to the control and sham condition. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the inhibited and excited conditions. Similarities were observed in the patterns of alpha coherence ratio and alpha power changes, with respective increased in the rTMS and cathodal tDCS conditions and a decreased in the anodal tDCS condition, but only when comparing across hemispheres (O1-O2 and P3-P4). It could be summarized that the EEG alpha wave could be influenced by the transcranial stimulations. The inhibition and facilitation conditions resulted in the opposite change.

DOI： 10.1002/tee.21849

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

Hearing one's own name plays an important roll in external communications and internal cognition within our minds. Though hearing one's own name well has been studied, the relationship between hearing one's own name and self-awareness is not understood. In this study, we focused on brain responses to hearing one's own name. In order to assess the pattern of ERP and the power of EEG frequency during hearing one's own name, we used a passive oddball paradigm that included the subject's own name (SON). The grand average ERP showed that mismatch negativity and novelty p300 were elicited by SON. Time frequency analysis revealed that theta power and beta power were increased around 400-600 ms after stimulus by SON.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCon.2012.6465434

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The aimof this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on brain activity. The latency of the P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was used to evaluate the effects of low-frequency and short-term rTMS on brain activity.We investigated the effects of rTMS on P300 latencies by stimulating the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), which is considered to be the area of origin of the P300. As the frequency-dependence of low-frequency rTMS has not been previously investigated in detail, we evaluated the effects of rTMS at frequencies of 1, 0.75 or 0.5 Hz on P300 latencies. The odd-ball task was used to elicit P300s before and shortly after the scalp was stimulated by rTMS. Electroencephalography recordings were measured at the Fz, Cz and Pz electrodes, which were based on the international 10–20 electrode system. We found that 1, 0.75 and 0.5 Hz rTMS affected P300 latencies. 1 Hz rTMS of the left SMG shortened P300 latencies by approximately 25 ms at the Cz compared with the P300 latencies before rTMS. 0.5
Hz rTMS of the left SMG lengthened P300 latencies by approximately 20 ms at the Cz compared with the P300 latencies before rTMS. In contrast, 0.75 Hz rTMS of the left SMG did not affect P300 latencies. These results demonstrate that P300 latencies vary according to the frequency of rTMS.

DOI： 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2201251

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In the present study, we analyzed the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on brain activity. The latency of the P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was used to evaluate the effects of low-frequency rTMS following stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is an area considered to be related to the generation of the P300. In addition, prolonged stimulation effects on the P300 latency were analyzed after applying rTMS. A figure-eight coil was used to stimulate the left or right DLPFC, and the intensity of magnetic stimulation was 80% of the motor threshold. A total of 100 magnetic pulses were applied for the rTMS. The effects of stimulation at frequencies of 0.5 or 1 Hz were determined. An odd-ball task was performed before and 5, 10, and 15 minutes after rTMS to measure the effects of rTMS on the P300. Electroencephalography (EEG) was measured at the Fz, Cz and Pz electrodes using the international 10–20 electrode system. We found that 0.5 and 1 Hz rTMS produced different effects on P300 latencies. 1 Hz stimulation of the left DLPFC lengthened P300 latencies by approximately 20 ms at the Cz, which lasted up to 15
minutes post-rTMS. In contrast, 0.5 Hz rTMS stimulation of the left DLPFC and 0.5 and 1 Hz rTMS stimulation to right DLPFC had no significant effects on P300 latencies. These results demonstrate that the effects of rTMS on the P300 latency depend on the frequency of stimulant and the area stimulated. Furthermore, we have determined the duration of this effect of low-frequency and short-term rTMS.

DOI： 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2204432

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The motion of pronation and supination of the forearm is one of findings of soft neurological signs. Soft neurological signs used as diagnosis methods of a developmental disability. The motion of pronation and supination of the forearm is movement to bend elbow to 90 degrees, and to rotate the palm and the back of the hand. When doctor checks this motion, he observes a patient's regularity and dexterity. But there are problems. The one by doctor's personal subjectivity is large, because the evaluation between doctors isn't equable. It is hoped that a more objective and simple evaluation method is established. We developed evaluation system of a motion of pronation and supination of a forearm using three-dimensional wireless acceleration and angular velocity sensors. Our developed evaluation system is a simple and easy system. We think that this system have the potential to be used as the evaluation system for a developmental disability. This paper deals with a examination and details of indices for evaluating a motion of pronation and supination.

DOI： http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.132.1575

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

We have developed an evaluation system for pronation and supination of forearms. The motion of pronation and supination of the forearm is used as a diagnosis method of developmental disability, etc. However, this diagnosis method has a demerit in which diagnosis results between doctors are not consistent. It is hoped that a more quantitative and simple evaluation method is established. Moreover it is hoped a diagnostic criteria obtained from healthy subjects can be established to diagnose developmental disorder patients. We developed a simple and portable evaluation system for pronation
and supination of forearms. Three-dimensional wireless acceleration and angular velocity sensors are used for this
system. In this study, pronation and supination of forearms of 570 subjects (subjects aged 6-12, 21-100) were examined. We could obtain aging curves in the neuromotor function of pronation and supination. These aging curves obtained by our
developed system, has the potential to become diagnostic criteria for a developmental disability, etc.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

In this paper, we report our studies of the effects of stimulating the bilateral supramarginal gyrus (SMG) with low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or short-term rTMS on brain excitability in humans. We analyzed the effects of various durations of stimulation on P300 latencies of the event-related potential (ERP). Magnetic pulses were
delivered using a figure-eight flat coil. The intensity of rTMS was set to 80 % of the subject’s motor threshold. In each round of rTMS, 100 magnetic pulses were applied over the scalp at frequencies of 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50 Hz. ERPs were measured prior to magnetic stimulation as a control. The effects of magnetic stimulation were then determined by measuring its effects on P300 latencies elicited by an odd-ball task. These latencies were measured before and 0, 5, 10, and 15 min after the magnetic stimulation. 1.00 Hz low-frequency rTMS of the left SMG decreased P300 latencies for approximately 10 min. In contrast, 0.50 Hz rTMS of the left SMG resulted in delayed P300 latencies for approximately 15 min. We furthermore found that 0.75 Hz rTMS of the left SMG and 1.00, 0.75 and 0.5 Hz rTMS of the right SMG did not affect P300 latencies. These results suggest that the duration of the effects of rTMS depend on the frequency of stimulation.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The underlying specificity of visual object categorization and discrimination can be elucidated by studying different types of repetition priming. Here we focused on this issue in face processing. We investigated category priming (i.e. the prime and target stimuli represent different exemplars of the same object category) and item priming (i.e. the prime and target stimuli are exactly the same image), using an immediate repetition paradigm. Twenty-three subjects were asked to respond as fast and accurately as possible to categorize whether the target stimulus was a face or a building image, but to ignore the prime stimulus. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) simultaneously. The RT data showed significant effects of category priming in both face trials and building trials, as well as a significant effect of item priming in face trials. With respect to the ERPs, in face trials, no priming effect was observed at the P100 stage, whereas a category priming effect emerged at the N170 stage, and an item priming effect at the P200 stage. In contrast, in building trials, priming effects occurred already at the P100 stage. Our results indicated that distinct neural mechanisms underlie separable kinds of immediate repetition priming in face processing.

DOI： 10.1007/s11571-011-9185-6

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study analyzed the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on brain activity. P300 latency of event-related potential (ERP) was used to evaluate the effects of low-frequency and short-term rTMS by stimulating the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), which is considered to be the related area of P300 origin. In addition, the prolonged stimulation effects on P300 latency were analyzed after applying rTMS. A figure-eight coil was used to stimulate left-right SMG, and intensity of magnetic stimulation was 80% of motor threshold. A total of 100 magnetic pulses were applied for rTMS. The effects of stimulus frequency at 0.5 or 1 Hz were determined. Following rTMS, an odd-ball task was performed and P300 latency of ERP was measured. The odd-ball task was performed at 5, 10, and 15 min post-rTMS. ERP was measured prior to magnetic stimulation as a control. Electroencephalograph (EEG) was measured at Fz, Cz, and Pz that were indicated by the international 10–20 electrode system. Results demonstrated that different effects on P300 latency occurred between 0.5–1 Hz rTMS. With 1 Hz low-frequency magnetic stimulation to the left SMG, P300 latency decreased. Compared to the control, the latency time difference was approximately 15 ms at Cz. This decrease continued for approximately 10 min post-rTMS. In contrast, 0.5 Hz rTMS resulted in delayed P300 latency. Compared to the control, the latency time difference was approximately 20 ms at Fz, and this delayed effect continued for approximately 15 min post-rTMS. Results demonstrated that P300 latency varied according to rTMS frequency. Furthermore, the duration of the effect was not similar for stimulus frequency of low-frequency rTMS.

DOI： 10.1063/1.3676204

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of P300 latency in case of magnetic stimulation to human brain by rTMS. This stimulation is 100 pulses with 1 Hz or 0.5 Hz low-frequency. The stimulation points are left-right SMG and left-right DLPFC. In case of 1 Hz magnetic stimulation to left SMG, P300 latency after the magnetic stimulation was shorter than P300 latency before the magnetic stimulation. In case of 1 Hz low-frequency magnetic stimulation to left DLPFC, P300 latency after the magnetic stimulation was later than before the magnetic stimulation. In case of 0.5 Hz low-frequency magnetic stimulation to left SMG, the delay of P300 latency was observed. Generally, in the low-frequency magnetic stimulation equal to or less than 1 Hz, the brain activity is inhibited by stimulating the brain. The activity of left SMG is excited at 1 Hz and inhibited at 0.5 Hz. As this reason, at first, in this study, the frequency of the magnetic stimulation is just 1 Hz and this frequency is border of low-frequency and high-frequency. Secondarily, the sensitivity for the magnetic stimulation varies by parts of brain. Therefore, this study suggests that left SMG is activated by the short-term magnetic stimulation using rTMS (1 Hz, 100 pulses).

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCon.2012.6171988

掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

We developed an evaluation system for soft neurological signs by pronosupination of forearm using wireless acceleration and angular velocity sensors. We could obtain reference curves of the neuromotor development for elementary school children using this system. The purpose of this system is screening the developmental disorder. We measured the pronosupination of five children suspected of having ADHD (children aged 7-12). We examined the difference of neuromotor development between normally developed children and children suspected of having ADHD. Measured results show children suspected of having ADHD have low performance compared with normally developed child.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCon.2012.6172067

掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

We developed an evaluation system for soft neurological signs by pronosupination of forearm using wireless acceleration and angular velocity sensors. We could obtain reference curves of the neuromotor development for elementary school children using this system. The purpose of this system is screening the developmental disorder. We measured the pronosupination of five children suspected of having ADHD (children aged 7-12). We examined the difference of neuromotor development between normally developed children and children suspected of having ADHD. Measured results show children suspected of having ADHD have low performance compared with normally developed child.

DOI： 10.1109/BMEiCon.2012.6172050

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

The aim of this study is to investigate the stimulus parameter which affects the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) effect. It is said that the condition under 1Hz rTMS induces the inhibition effect. On the other hand, the condition over 1Hz rTMS induces the facilitation effect. However the number of pulses of rTMS is also important factor. In this study, we focused on the number of pulses. We used the cognitive task of perceptual reversal and compared the rTMS effects of different condition under 1Hz which is the inhibition condition. It has been known that the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) has a role in perceptual reversal. We applied rTMS over the SPL and measured the inter-reversal time (IRT) of perceptual reversal. The results showed that when 0.25Hz 60pulses, 0.5Hz 60pulses and 1Hz 60pulses of rTMS was applied over the right SPL, the IRT was significantly smaller. On the other hand, when 1Hz 240pulses of rTMS was applied over the right SPL, the IRT was significantly longer. When 0.25Hz 120pulses, 0.5Hz 120pulses and 1Hz 120pulses of rTMS was applied over the right SPL, there were no significant differences. Furthermore, to investigate the rTMS effects, when rTMS are applied over the motor area, we measured the motor evoked potential (MEP). The more pulses of rTMS was applied, the smaller the amplitude of MEP became. From these results, it was found that the IRT of perceptual reversal and the amplitude of MEP primarily affected by the number of pulses of rTMS.

DOI： 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091999

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

It has been reported that if two sensory stimuli are presented consecutively with stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of as short as several hundreds of milliseconds, the neural activity, elicited by the second stimulus, in the stimulus-sensitive area will be inhibited, say, suppressive phenomenon. Using a paired-stimulus paradigm, in which two visual stimuli were successively presented, we investigated the influence of SOA (200ms, 400ms & 600ms) on suppressive phenomenon in face processing. Twelve subjects were asked to passively view randomly ordered paired stimuli and single stimuli, while their event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded simultaneously. To evaluate the suppression, we compared the ERPs elicited by the second face stimulus of the paired stimuli with that elicited by the single face stimulus. It was found that, comparing with the ERPs elicited by single faces, in all three SOA conditions, the ERPs elicited by the second face stimulus of the intra-category trials (face_face trials) were more suppressed than those of the inter-category trials (blank_face and building_face trials) in both occipitotemporal and frontal regions. We surmised that these results might support a “domain specific” theory, which suggested that visual processing of faces and non-face objects involve separate and specialized networks in the ventro-lateral temporal cortex. Interestingly, for the face_face trials, as the SOA increased, the ERP suppression in the frontal region diminished gradually. Such phenomenon might be due to the lasting effect of semantic processing for the first face stimulus.

DOI： 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090956

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

We developed a simple, portable and easy system to the motion of pronation and supination of the forearm. This motion was measured by wireless acceleration and angular velocity sensor. The aim of this system is evaluation of minor nervous dysfunction. It is for the screening of the developmental disorder child. In this study, in order to confirm the effectiveness of this system, the reference curve of the neuromotor development was experimentally obtained. We studied 212 participants (108 males, 104 females) aged 7 to 12 years attending the kindergarten school. We could obtain the reference curve of the neuromotor development using this system. We also investigated the difference of neuromotor function between normally developed children and a ADHD child. There is a possibility that abnormality of the minor nervous dysfunction can be detected by using this system.

DOI： 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091841

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/IECBES.2010.5742285

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/TENCON.2010.5686122

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/TENCON.2010.5686656

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/TENCON.2010.5686653

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5627115

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1063/1.3357987

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1063/1.3357345

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Differences in evoked EEG by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation applied to motor Cortex and Posterior Parietal Coetex

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

開催年月日： 2023年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

国名：大韓民国  

開催年月日： 2023年10月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Tokyo Institute Tecnology   国名：日本国  

In this study, we investigated ‘pain recall' that results from showing a painful image and evoking pain without actually giving any pain, that is said to be similar to the brain activity that actually causes pain. The experiment involved 12 students showing three short videos in which a child, a female, or a male was being injected. We measured the degree of emotional changes by watching the painful scene in three ways: emotion estimation by facial expression, GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) and Eye tracking. The results showed that subjects felt the same fear and tension as when feeling pain. On the other hand, subjects felt less painful emotions when they looked at the scene that a man with solid arms was injected. The degree of emotion in pain recall varied depending on who received the injection in the short videos. These results suggest that pain may be reduced by showing some body image as visual information. It is possible to alleviate actual pain by applying how to reduce ‘pain recall'. 

開催年月日： 2023年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：鹿児島大学郡元キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2022年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Crystal Hotel Hat Yai, Songkhla   国名：タイ王国  

In this study, we investigated ‘pain recall' that results from showing a painful image and evoking pain without actually giving any pain, that is said to be similar to the brain activity that actually causes pain. The experiment involved 12 students showing three short videos in which a child, a female, or a male was being injected. We measured the degree of emotional changes by watching the painful scene in three ways: emotion estimation by facial expression, GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) and Eye tracking. The results showed that subjects felt the same fear and tension as when feeling pain. On the other hand, subjects felt less painful emotions when they looked at the scene that a man with solid arms was injected. The degree of emotion in pain recall varied depending on who received the injection in the short videos. These results suggest that pain may be reduced by showing some body image as visual information. It is possible to alleviate actual pain by applying how to reduce ‘pain recall'. 

開催年月日： 2022年3月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：オンライン   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Online   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2021年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Online   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2021年9月 - 2022年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：オンライン   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：オンライン   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：オンライン   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：オンライン   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：オンライン   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：オンライン   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Online   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Online   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Online   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2021年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Online   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2020年1月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：熊本市　KKRホテル   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2020年1月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：熊本市　KKRホテル   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2020年1月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：熊本市　KKRホテル   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年12月 - 2018年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：Yangon   国名：ミャンマー連邦  

開催年月日： 2019年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Mandarey Technological University   国名：ミャンマー連邦  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年7月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Messe Berlin   国名：ドイツ連邦共和国  

開催年月日： 2019年7月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Messe Berlin   国名：ドイツ連邦共和国  

開催年月日： 2019年6月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Bangkok   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2019年3月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年1月 - 2019年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年1月 - 2019年2月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年1月 - 2019年2月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年1月 - 2019年2月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年1月 - 2019年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2019年1月 - 2019年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2018年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：Yangon   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2018年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Yangon   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2018年10月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Tokyo   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2018年6月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Hp Chi Minh City   国名：ベトナム社会主義共和国  

開催年月日： 2018年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州工業大学　北九州市   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2018年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州工業大学　北九州市   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2017年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Yangon   国名：ミャンマー連邦  

開催年月日： 2017年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：Yangon   国名：ミャンマー連邦  

開催年月日： 2017年10月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Shanghai   国名：中華人民共和国  

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been proved to be effective in the detection of steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) signals. However, the CCA method only chooses the frequency in the reference mode that corresponds to the maximum correlation value as the target. This may make the CCA output less robust. In this study, we propose a one-class support vector machine based filter to filter the sequences of correlation values in the process of the detection of SSVEP signals. The results demonstrate that the classification accuracy improved over different time windows for all subjects and the improvement achieved approximately 10% for some subjects. Moreover, the ratio of instructions that were filtered incorrectly was relative low (less than 5%) if the SSVEP signals were generated effectively.

開催年月日： 2017年10月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Shanghai   国名：中華人民共和国  

When people observe the actions of others, they naturally try to understand the underlying intentions. This behavior is called action understanding, and it has an important influence on mental development, language comprehension, and socialization. In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to obtain brain signals related to action understanding and then classified different intentions. Aiming to overcome the drawbacks of traditional multiclass classification methods of one-versus-rest (OVR) and one-versus-one (OVO), in this paper, we propose a new effective method to solve multiclass classification that is a combination of OVR and OVO. Compared with OVO, this new method effectively improved the accuracy of four-class classification from 25% to 48%.

開催年月日： 2017年8月 - 2018年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Sapporo   国名：日本国  

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurological disorder that affects many children in the world. Many scientists have speculated that behavior therapy is an essential part of treatment for people with ADHD. One of the promising behavioral therapy is neurofeedback therapy. Using neurofeedback, therapist can learn how to modulate patients' brain activity by adjusting the training regimen. Identifying when a patient achieve implicit learning event can potentially help in designing the neurofeedback treatment to help people with ADHD. According to past research, it was speculated that implicit learning and children with ADHD could have an atypical relationship. The aim of this paper to analyze response times of healthy people while they perform cognitive tasks to differentiate between people who has gained implicit knowledge and those who did not. The data showed that there is a clear distinction between people who had gained implicit knowledge and those that did not.

開催年月日： 2017年7月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：London   国名：グレートブリテン・北アイルランド連合王国(英国)  

There is a demand for a new neurorehabilitation modality with a brain-computer interface for stroke patients with insufficient or no remaining hand motor function. We previously developed a robotic hand rehabilitation system triggered by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to address this demand. In a preliminary prototype system, a robotic hand orthosis, providing one degree-of-freedom motion for a hand's closing and opening, is triggered by a wireless command from a NIRS system, capturing a subject's motor cortex activation. To examine the feasibility of the prototype, we conducted a preliminary test involving six neurologically intact participants. The test comprised a series of evaluations for two aspects of neurorehabilitation training in a real-time manner: classification accuracy and execution time. The effects of classification-related factors, namely the algorithm, signal type, and number of NIRS channels, were investigated. In the comparison of algorithms, linear discrimination analysis performed better than the support vector machine in terms of both accuracy and training time. The oxyhemoglobin versus deoxyhemoglobin comparison revealed that the two concentrations almost equally contribute to the hand motion estimation. The relationship between the number of NIRS channels and accuracy indicated that a certain number of channels are needed and suggested a need for a method of selecting informative channels. The computation time of 5.84 ms was acceptable for our purpose. Overall, the preliminary prototype showed sufficient feasibility for further development and clinical testing with stroke patients.

開催年月日： 2017年7月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Seogwipo   国名：大韓民国  

Working memory (WM) capacity affects our daily life in many ways, and its decrease often associates with neural disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease). Several studies have confirmed that alpha rhythms play an active role in memory mechanism. In the present study, we designed a digit verbal span experiment to find out that how the alpha power change during working memory encoding, and the relationship between alpha power and individual WM performance. Consistent with previous studies, our results confirm that alpha power is positively related to WM performance. Participants who had higher alpha power during WM encoding achieved better memory performance. We can conclude that the reason is alpha rhythms reflect inhibition of task-irrelevant information. Howbeit, a linear relationship between WM load and alpha power amplitude during memory encoding cannot be deduced in our experiment.

開催年月日： 2017年7月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Seogwipo   国名：大韓民国  

Understanding the cognitive function of human brain is an important step in providing scientific evidence which could help us improve the condition of memory disorders, slow down its progress or at least help the patients retain some important matters. In this study, we aimed to provide additional scientific evidence with more insight on how the brain functions at a good/bad cognitive state than the usual statistical analysis. We introduced the brain activation measurement using baseline-normalized ERSP to determine the activation of EEG data from stimuli. These active points over a period of time could reflect brain synchronization due to stimuli. We also demonstrated the use of proposed measure on attention working memory data. The results indicate the potential of using the proposed measurement in categorizing the brain cognitive state and identifying some important factors to provide additional evidence to the field in the future.

開催年月日： 2017年6月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：International University, Ho chi Minh City   国名：ベトナム社会主義共和国  

Improving the classification accuracy in brain–computer interface (BCI) with a short data length is important to increase the BCI system’s information transfer rate. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) has been examined to be an effective way to detect the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) signals with a short time window. In this paper, an improved multiple LASSO model for SSVEP detection is proposed, which can process multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals without electrode selection. EEG data from twelve healthy volunteers were used to test the improvedmultiple LASSO model. Compared with the traditional LASSO model, the improved multiple LASSO model gives a significantly better performance with multichannel EEG data.

開催年月日： 2017年6月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：International University, Ho Chi Minh City   国名：ベトナム社会主義共和国  

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is known to elicit a conditioning effect on cortical excitability. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation with differing frequency and stimulation site. A magnetic stimulator with a flat figure-eight coil was used for TMS and was performed on the left primary motor cortex. The electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation were used in peripheral stimulation and the stimulus sites were the right and left supination of the forearm. Peripheral stimulation was performed at a stimulus frequency of 1 Hz or 10 Hz. Alterations of cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation were evaluated by comparing the mean of the motor evoked potential amplitude elicited by TMS each before and after peripheral stimulation. We found that cortical excitability varied according to the stimulation site and frequency in both the electrical and magnetic stimulation over the forearm. The inhibition of cortical excitability was observed in both 1 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation over the right forearm. In contrast, the facilitation of cortical excitability was observed at 1 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation over the left forearm, and it was confirmed for both the right and left forearms at 10 Hz electrical and magnetic stimulation. Moreover, regarding the alteration of cortical excitability induced by peripheral stimulation, it was confirmed that magnetic stimulation has more the significant difference than electrical stimulation. We suggest that peripheral stimulation by electrical and magnetic stimulation have a similar effect to TMS, and can induce both facilitation and inhibition of cortical excitability. Moreover, in the case of peripheral stimulation of the same stimulus frequency, we expect that the magnetic stimulation has more the significant effect than electrical stimulation to cortical excitability.

開催年月日： 2017年6月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：International University, Ho chi Minh City   国名：ベトナム社会主義共和国  

Nerve conduction study is a test to examine the function of electric signal transmission at the trunk of a peripheral nerve, which is an effective method for the diagnosis of diabetes to quantify the peripheral numbness and to evaluate the stage of this complication. In a routine test, the feature to measure in the electric potential waveform observed in this test is limited to the velocity and the amplitude of the peaks. To make the measurement more precise, the production process of the electric potential waveform should be observed carefully. In this study, nerve conduction study of a sural nerve, which is the most popular for the patients with diabetes, was simulated in a computer using general cable equation and neuroanatomical data. As a result, the approximate electric potential waveform was reproduced, whereas the conduction velocity of the peaks was not completely conformed to the physiological data.

開催年月日： 2017年6月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：International University, Ho chi Minh City   国名：ベトナム社会主義共和国  

Nerve conduction study is a test to examine the function of electric signal transmission at the trunk of a peripheral nerve, which is an effective method for the diagnosis of diabetes to quantify the peripheral numbness and to evaluate the stage of this complication. In a routine test, the feature to measure in the electric potential waveform observed in this test is limited to the velocity and the amplitude of the peaks. To make the measurement more precise, the production process of the electric potential waveform should be observed carefully. In this study, nerve conduction study of a sural nerve, which is the most popular for the patients with diabetes, was simulated in a computer using general cable equation and neuroanatomical data. As a result, the approximate electric potential waveform was reproduced, whereas the conduction velocity of the peaks was not completely conformed to the physiological data.

開催年月日： 2017年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2017年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2017年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2017年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学病院キャンパス   国名：日本国  

本研究では，先行刺激を用いた空間的注意課題遂行時の脳波を測定することにより，先行刺激とターゲット刺激の関係性による神経応答の違いを解明することを試みた．本実験タスクでは，空間的注意を測定するため，ポズナー課題を用いた．ポズナー課題では，先行刺激と同方向にターゲット刺激が出現する場合と先行刺激と反対方向にターゲット刺激が出現する場合の二種類がある．被験者はターゲット刺激に対し，レスポンスを返すよう指示される．得られた脳波に対し，総加算平均処理を行った結果，Pzにおいて，先行刺激と同方向にターゲット刺激が出現する場合に比べ，反対方向にターゲット刺激が出現する場合のほうが，陽性の振幅が大きくなることが示された．

開催年月日： 2017年1月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2017年1月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2017年1月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2017年1月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2016年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：Yangon   国名：ミャンマー連邦  

This study focuses on measuring and controlling of human brain dynamics using noninvasive techniques. I will give two topics in this study. One is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which is possible to control of neuronal excitability. We applied TMS to cognitive studies for visual perceptions. The other one is a non-restraint cognitive monitoring system and its’ application to a child with mental deficiency. The objective our system is toward gaining information about the actual user state, including intentions, situational interpretations and emotions.

開催年月日： 2016年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：Laung Prabang, Laos   国名：その他  

Pronation and supination is the one of the soft neurological signs which shows the abnormality in children with developmental disorders such as ADHD or autistic syndrome. We developed a portable system to evaluate pronosupination by wireless acceleration and angular velocity sensors. In order to evaluate the difference between typically developing children and children with ADHD, we measured pronation and supination of typically developing children and children with ADHD. Accuracy, cooperativeness and stability were investigated to analyze the pronation and supination. We obtained the reference curve of the neuromotor development of children. Our results suggested that the pronation and supination function in children with ADHD has a tendency to lag behind that of typically developing children by several years. We also investigated the feature of elderly people. From these results, our system has a possibility to objectively evaluate the neurodevelopmental delay of children with ADHD and neuromotor dysfunction of elderly people.

開催年月日： 2016年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Milano Congressi Center, Milano, Italy   国名：イタリア共和国  

Peripheral stimulation is known to influence the state of cortical excitability. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether peripheral magnetic stimulation has similar effects on cortical excitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A magnetic stimulator with a flat figure-of-eight coil was used for both TMS, and peripheral magnetic stimulation applied to the bilateral forearms. TMS was performed on the left primary motor cortex to evaluate influence of the peripheral magnetic stimulation, and motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured from the right first dorsal interosseous. Peripheral magnetic stimulation was performed at a stimulus frequency of 1 Hz or 10 Hz, to the stimulus sites on the right and left supination of the forearm. The effects of peripheral magnetic stimulation were evaluated by comparing the mean MEP amplitude elicited by TMS before and after peripheral magnetic stimulation. We found that cortical excitability varied according to the stimulation site and frequency of the peripheral magnetic stimulation. The inhibition of cortical excitability was observed following 1 Hz peripheral magnetic stimulation over the right forearm (p<0.001). In contrast, increased cortical excitability was observed using 1 Hz peripheral magnetic stimulation over the left forearm and 10 Hz stimulation over either the right or left forearms. We suggest that peripheral magnetic stimulation has a similar effect to TMS, and can induce both facilitation and inhibition of cortical excitability.

開催年月日： 2016年3月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Chulalongkorn University   国名：日本国  

Near infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS) is a measurement of hemodynamic activity of the brain. On the other hand, EEG measures neuronal activity of the brain. Although both techniques can reveal the brain function, each measurement has several different charact

開催年月日： 2016年1月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2016年1月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2016年1月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2016年1月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2015年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：A one Pattaya Beach Resort, Pattaya   国名：タイ王国  

This study proposed an alternative approach for analyzing visual working memory based on brain complexity to identify brain state condition for memorizing new scenes. Multi-scale entropy (MSE) was used for analyzing the complexity of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) data which measured the hemodynamic response of brain during a cognitive experiment. The results revealed the distinctive entropy between remembered and forgotten cases in prefrontal area at FC3 position. The entropy of remembered case is higher than forgotten case; this could indicate that the brain requires more activity and then more hemodynamic responses for good memorizing. Hence, the results indicated the potential of using the complexity of NIRS for characterizing the brain state for working memory.

開催年月日： 2015年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：A one Pattaya Beach Resort, Pattaya   国名：タイ王国  

The topic of our research is the detection of concealed information based on ERP (Event Related Potential). As a method to detect concealed information there is CIT (Concealed Information Test). CIT is used to detect intentionally concealed information, for example crime-related information, with subject’s physiological response to presented stimuli. We used visually CIT based on P300 in the experiment. There are three kinds of stimuli in CIT. One is ‘Probe’, which is related to concealed information. The other is ‘Irrelevant’, which is not related with it but consists of same category as Probe (ex; place, time and so on). And the other is ‘Target’, which is for calling subject’s attention to the experiment. In CIT, the subject’s reaction to those presented stimuli are measured and compared with each other categories. If the reaction to Probe are different with one to Irrelevant the subject is considered as he knows Probe.

開催年月日： 2015年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：A one Pattaya Beach Resort, Pattaya   国名：タイ王国  

The present study proposes the method of removing head movement artifact for considering real-time processing and improving reliability of EEG under unconstrained measurement. In the proposed method, independent component analysis and high-pass filtering were usefi with a hybrid accelerometer, which was used for detecting components containing head movement artifact. To evaluate the proposed method, we measured EEG which included the artifact and P300 components. As a result, although EEG amplitude decreased, original P300 waveform appeared clearly. This result indicates that the proposed method is effective for removing head movement artifact while keeping EEG information.

開催年月日： 2015年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：A one Pattaya Beach Resort, Pattaya   国名：タイ王国  

By using fractal dimension and sample entropy, we investigated the complexity electroencephalogram (EEG) during an activity that uses working memory. We conduct a short-term memory test and a calculation task and analyzed 1.0s EEG data from 4 phases (resting, encoding, retrieval and calculation phase). As a result, fractal dimension analysis can reflect the activity ofthe working memory better than sample entropy analysis. Moreover, in order to investigate the relationship between the fractal dimension value and the power of theta band (4-8 Hz) in the frontal region, we conducted a correlation coefficient analysis. The result showed that increase of the power of theta band and decrease of fractal dimension value has relatively high correlation. In conclusion, the activity of working memory in frortal part may be able to be captured by fractal dimension analysis.

開催年月日： 2015年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Holiday INN Macau Sands Cotai Central   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2015年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Holiday INN Macau Sands Cotai Central   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2015年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Milano Congressi Center, Milano, Italy   国名：イタリア共和国  

Pronation and supination of forearms is one of diagnostic methods for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our aim is to establish a quantitative evaluation system for this movement using acceleration and angular velocity sensors. In this study, we compared pronation and supination of forearms between typically developing children and children with ADHD.

開催年月日： 2015年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Milano Congressi Center, Milano, Italy   国名：イタリア共和国  

開催年月日： 2015年5月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：名古屋国際会議場   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2015年5月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：名古屋国際会議場   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2015年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：熊本大学   国名：日本国  

現在，パーキンソン病の診断や投薬・リハビリの効果の評価は，患者の動作解析を医師の判断や患者自身の体感により行うため，定量的ではない．そこで，本研究の目的は，"ビデオカメラから得られた映像を用いて，パーキンソン病診断や治療効果の定量的かつ簡単な評価方法を確立すること"とする．パーキンソン病患者は，両手を同時に動かす運動に特徴があるため，本研究では，評価方法として，両手協調運動の解析結果を用いることとした．また，両手協調運動の実験を行い，運動の評価方法を検討した．その結果として，協調運動の難易度により，被験者間で運動に違いが有ることがわかった．

開催年月日： 2015年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：熊本大学   国名：日本国  

本研究では，オンライン性を考慮しつつ非拘束下における脳波計測の信頼性を向上させるために，独立成分分析およびハイパスフィルタを用いた体動アーチファクト除去手法を提案する．本手法は，頭部に設置した3軸加速度・角速度センサの信号を用いて，独立成分の中から体動アーチファクト成分を判別し，ハイパスフィルタを適用する，という流れである．本手法の有効性を示すため，被験者に30秒間自由に頭部運動を行わせ，その際に得られた脳波に対して提案手法を適用した．その結果，低周波帯域（0.1-3 Hz）におけるパワーの平均値が本手法適用前と比べて有意に減少することが確認された．この結果は，提案手法が体動アーチファクトの除去に有効であることを示している．

開催年月日： 2014年11月 - 2014年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　病院キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

Artifacts which contaminate EEG signals makes it difficult to analyze EEG. The aim of this study is the removal of artifacts, especially those caused by motion, to measure EEG in any situation. Using the proposed removal method based on ICA and filtering, the amplitude of cleaned EEG was 25 μV lower than raw EEG and the ratio (alpha power / low power) of cleaned EEG was twice higher than raw EEG.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of treatment for Parkinson’s Disease (PD). The diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease is difficult because of its complexity. Therefore, we have established an evaluation for the effect of treatment in DBS. We measure pronation and supination of forearms, which is used for diagnosis of PD, and analyze the motion of subjects by obtained acceleration and angular velocity. We use two indices for analysis. These indices by obtained results are useful for evaluation of treatment of DBS.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

This paper describes the difference of hand motor function between healthy people and people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study is to investigate characteristics of complex hand motor function in MCI patients. In this study, pronation and supination of forearms of 45 elderly people were examined. We obtained the difference between healthy controls and MCI patients.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

— Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is noninvasive brain stimulation method that modulate cortical excitability by direct current. The use of tDCS is increasing in a variety of clinical fields as treatment for neuropsychiatric disease and neurological disorders. But it isn’t obvious how brain is affected by tDCS. In this study, we investigated the difference of current density distribution in brain by computational model. The aim is to estimate the difference of current density distribution in brain for position of tDCS electrodes. As a result, it turned out that the distance of two electrodes is one of important parameter.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

We use EEG during stroop task to see how the brain works during the concentration test. By using time frequency analysis, we can analyze the frequency band that will have the higher power spectral density and the difference of active potential between left-frontal lobe (Fp1, F3) and right-frontal lobe (Fp2,F4) during word-task and color-task of stroop task.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

Cortical excitability in PD patients is expressed like shortened cortical silent period (CSP) and an abnormal motor evoked potential (MEP) size.This study focused on cortical excitability modulation by rTMS in healthy.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

The diagnosis evaluation of the Parkinson's disease (PD) isn't quantitative because the movement of the patient is analyzed by the visual decision of doctor. The aim of this study is to establish evaluation methods quantitative and simple for diagnosing PD's symptoms and the therapeutic effect using the movie of a video camera. In this study, the bimanual coordination experiment was carried out with healthy subjects, and the result was analyzed for examining the evaluation method of the movement.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

This study used NIRS and EEG to measure the brain activity of developmental disorder children. This study investigated the change concentration of oxygen hemoglo bin in forehead by using NIRS. In the same time, this study evaluated the value of frequency theta and beta wave by using EEG. The aim of this study is comparing the analysis result of EEG, NIRS score with teacher score in training activity of developmental disorder.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

Individual with Mental retardation usually exhibit cardiovascular abnormalities. This study investigated HRV value in mental retardation children during training program to know the difference value of HRV between resting and non resting activity. In order to evaluate the measurement results based on HRVs, four major measurements were calculated in this study. Result showed the value between of SDNN and RMSSD in all activities are linear. In conclusion the HRV value in resting state and non-resting state is not different.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

ERP responses to hearing one’s own name have been investigated. In this study, we compared ERP responses between SON (subject’s own name) and UN (unknown names) while taking the UN’s repetition effect into account. Our result showed that SON elicited the late positive wave at parietal sites. This finding indicated that SON was recognized as high self-related stimulus.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Centennial Hall Kyushu University School of Medicine, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

One’s own name plays important roles as biological markers. In the present study, we used the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and focused on cerebral blood flow responses, when hearing one’s own name. Our result indicated that prefrontal cortex (PFC) was activated by one’s own name. This finding suggested that the high cognitive functions were induced by one’s own name.

開催年月日： 2014年11月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Shanghai Jiao Tong University   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2014年9月 - 2014年10月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

開催地：奈良県文化会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：東京農工大学　小金井キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：東京農工大学　小金井キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：東京農工大学　小金井キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：総合リゾートホテル ラフォーレ修善寺   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago   国名：アメリカ合衆国  

Heart Disease affects approximately 70 million people worldwide where most people do not even know the symptoms. This research examines the prototype of early warning system for heart disease by android application. It aims to facilitate users to early detect heart disease which can be used independently. To build the application in android phone, variable centered intelligence rule system (VCIRS) as decision makers and pulse sensor - Arduino as heart rate detector were applied in this study. Moreover, in Arduino, the heart rate will become an input for symptoms in Android Application. The output of this system is the conclusion statement of users diagnosed with either coronary heart disease, hypertension heart disease, rheumatic heart disease or do not get any kind of heart disease. The result of diagnosis followed by analysis of the value of usage variable rate (VUR) rule usage rate (RUR) and node usage rate (NUR) that shows the value of the rule that will increase when the symptoms frequently appear. This application was compared with the medical analysis from 35 cases of heart disease and it showed concordance between diagnosis from android application and expert diagnosis of the doctors.

開催年月日： 2014年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago   国名：アメリカ合衆国  

Pronation and supination of forearms is one of diagnostic methods for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our aim is to establish a quantitative evaluation system for this movement using acceleration and angular velocity sensors. In this study, we compared pronation and supination of forearms between typically developing children and children with ADHD.

開催年月日： 2014年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago   国名：アメリカ合衆国  

Brain response to own name is a strong distracter. In this study we analyzed the brain response to subject’s own name by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). We found that Oxy-Hb increased after hearing subject’s own name specifically. It was suggested that this Oxy-Hb change was a result of recognition function of own name.

開催年月日： 2014年6月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：仙台国際会議場   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年6月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年6月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年6月 - 2015年5月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：旭川市　大雪クリスタルホール   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年5月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：大阪大学　吹田キャンパス　コンベンションセンター   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年3月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Hong Kong   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2014年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州工業大学　飯塚キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州工業大学　飯塚キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年3月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州工業大学　飯塚キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年1月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年1月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年1月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：佐賀大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：山王ホール（福岡）   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：山王ホール（福岡）   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：山王ホール（福岡）   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：山王ホール（福岡）   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年11月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　病院キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年11月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　病院キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年11月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：宮古島   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年11月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：宮古島   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年9月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Geneva University   国名：スイス連邦  

開催年月日： 2013年9月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Geneva University   国名：スイス連邦  

開催年月日： 2013年7月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Osaka International Convention Center   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年7月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Osaka International Convention Center   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年7月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Osaka International Convention Center   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年7月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Osaka International Convention Center   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年7月

記述言語：英語  

開催地：Osaka International Convention Center   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

開催地：名古屋大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：電力中央研究所　東京   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：鹿児島大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：鹿児島大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：鹿児島大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：鹿児島大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Mahidol University   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：Mahidol University   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Mahidol University   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Mahidol University   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Mahidol University   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Mahidol University   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Mahidol University   国名：タイ王国  

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Sunee Grand Hotel, UbonRatchathani   国名：タイ王国  

A pronation and supination of forearms is used as one of diagnostic indices for developmental disorders. However, this index has a demerit in which evaluation results between doctors are not consistent. The present study aims to establish more quantitative and evaluating method. We have developed a simple and portable evaluation system to measure pronation and supination of forearms. In this study, we have measured the pronation and supination of the forearms of 261 subjects aged 7 to 12 years (healthy children : 201, ADHD children : 60) and compared the function of healthy children’s pronation and supination with the function of ADHD children’s pronation and supination by new indices. From the results, we could obtain a difference between healthy children and ADHD children. The results showed that our developed system has the potential to become diagnostic criteria for developmental disorders.

開催年月日： 2012年12月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Sunee Grand Hotel, UbonRatchathani   国名：タイ王国  

Hearing one’s own name plays an important roll in external communications and internal cognition within our minds. Though hearing one’s own name well has been studied, the relationship between hearing one’s own name and self-awareness is not understood. In this study, we focused on brain responses to hearing one’s own name. In order to assess the pattern of ERP and the power of EEG frequency during hearing one’s own name, we used a passive oddball paradigm that included the subject’s own name (SON). The grand average ERP showed that mismatch negativity and novelty p300 were elicited by SON. Time frequency analysis revealed that theta　power and beta power were increased around 400-600 ms after stimulus by SON.

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：鹿児島大学　医学部　鶴陵会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス　稲盛会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス　稲盛会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス　稲盛会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス　稲盛会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス　稲盛会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス　稲盛会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学　伊都キャンパス　稲盛会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：京王プラザホテル   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年11月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年10月

会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催地：Traders Hotel, Manila   国名：フィリピン共和国  

開催年月日： 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：長崎大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：長崎大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：秋田大学   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：神奈川県三浦郡葉山町　湘南国際村センター   国名：日本国  

TMS コイルを含むTMS 装置系と生体側の脳波測定系を電気回路でモデル化し，TMS アーチファクトの形状解を求め，TMS アーチファクトを含んだ脳波への適合・除去を行う手法を提案した。本手法は電磁誘導現象の簡素モデル化によって振動的なTMS アーチファクトに対しては良く適合するが，振動的ではないTMS アーチファクトに対する適合に難があった。そこで，脳波測定系における生体等価回路の入力インピーダンス情報をTMS 装置系に繰込むモデル拡張を行った。従来のTMS 装置系モデルは変動磁場モデルと改名するが，脳波測定系からの入力インピーダンス情報は従来モデルにおけるTMS コイルの内部抵抗成分に合一することにより，従来の電気回路モデルがそのまま適用される。TMS アーチファクトの形状解は，判別式が負の場合は従来の減衰振動解，正の場合は新たな過減衰解として統合された。TMS アーチファクトを含む脳波に対する適合においても，従来法では難があった非振動的なTMS アーチファクトに対して過減衰解が良く適合することが確認された。

開催年月日： 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：神奈川県三浦郡葉山町　湘南国際村センター   国名：日本国  

体性感覚誘導電位（somatosensory evoked potential, SEP）の高周波(high frequency oscillations, HFOs)成分による分析方法を提案した。SEP のHFOs は，特定の神経細胞の発火活動と関連することが示唆され，近年注目を浴びている。HFOs の形状の変化に着目することで，その背景に存在する神経細胞の膜電位の位相変化を評価する手法を提案した。本研究ではtDCS 前後のSEP からHFOs を抽出し，提案された神経活動発火モデルの妥当性を検証した。

開催年月日： 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：神奈川県三浦郡葉山町　湘南国際村センター   国名：日本国  

聴覚刺激による無視条件下のオッドボール課題において，被験者の名前を呈示すると(Subject’s Own Name; SON)，事象関連電位であるnovelty P300 等 が誘発されることが知られている。SON 刺激によりnovelty P300 が誘発されることに対する解釈として，非注意条件下でも，自身の名前が呼ばれたことへの注意が向き，結果的に注意の転移が起きるためであると考えられる。我々はこのSON 刺激を含むオッドボール課題を作成し，健常者を対象に実験を行ったところ，前頭頂部周辺を中心にnovelty P300 が観察された。

開催年月日： 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：大阪大学　豊中キャンパス   国名：日本国  

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables to stimulate local cerebral nerves using eddy current caused by electromagnetic induction of TMS coil in non-invasive and painless. However, it has not been known which location of brain is stimulated because of the complicated structure of brain. In this study, we simulated the neuronal excitement when TMS stimulated using finite-element method. At First, we made the brain sulcus model which consisted of CSF, grey matter and white matter and made from cube elements size of 0.5mm. In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation, cube elements size was set 0.5/3 mm only near the boundary surface in this study. Second, we applied TMS stimulation to the model in some conditions. We were prepared 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm as the coil radius, and 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 degree as the coil direction based the reference. Finally, we calculated the membrane potential and compared to some conditions. As a result, we found that the membrane potential was rapidly changed at the white matter-grey matter interface when the coil radius over 30mm and coil direction was within 45 degree from target area. These obtained results give useful information about appropriate TMS parameters for the effective stimulation of the target area in the brain.

開催年月日： 2012年8月 - 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

We have developed an evaluation system for pronation and supination of forearms. The motion of pronation and supination of the forearm is used as a diagnosis method of developmental disability, etc. However, this diagnosis method has a demerit in which diagnosis results between doctors are not consistent. It is hoped that a more quantitative and simple evaluation method is established. Moreover it is hoped a diagnostic criteria obtained from healthy subjects can be established to diagnose developmental disorder patients. We developed a simple and portable evaluation system for pronation and supination of forearms. Three-dimensional wireless acceleration and angular velocity sensors are used for this system. In this study, pronation and supination of forearms of 570 subjects (subjects aged 6-12, 21-100) were examined. We could obtain aging curves in the neuromotor function of pronation and supination. These aging curves obtained by our developed system, has the potential to become diagnostic criteria for a developmental disability, etc.

開催年月日： 2012年8月 - 2012年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

In this paper, we report our studies of the effects of stimulating the bilateral supramarginal gyrus (SMG) with low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or short-term rTMS on brain excitability in humans. We analyzed the effects of various durations of stimulation on P300 latencies of the event-related potential (ERP). Magnetic pulses were delivered using a figure-eight flat coil. The intensity of rTMS was set to 80 % of the subject’s motor threshold. In each round of rTMS, 100 magnetic pulses were applied over the scalp at frequencies of 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50 Hz. ERPs were measured prior to magnetic stimulation as a control. The effects of magnetic stimulation were then determined by measuring its effects on P300 latencies elicited by an odd-ball task. These latencies were measured before and 0, 5, 10, and 15 min after the magnetic stimulation. 1.00 Hz low-frequency rTMS of the left SMG decreased P300 latencies for approximately 10 min. In contrast, 0.50 Hz rTMS of the left SMG resulted in delayed P300 latencies for approximately 15 min. We furthermore found that 0.75 Hz rTMS of the left SMG and 1.00, 0.75 and 0.5 Hz rTMS of the right SMG did not affect P300 latencies. These results suggest that the duration of the effects of rTMS depend on the frequency of stimulation.

開催年月日： 2012年8月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：France at Maison de la Chimie   国名：フランス共和国  

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on brain activity. We investigated the effects of rTMS on P300 latencies as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) by stimulating the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), which is considered to be the area of origin of the P300. As the frequency-dependence of low-frequency rTMS has not been previously investigated in detail, we evaluated the effects of rTMS at frequencies of 1, 0.75, 0.5 or 0.25 Hz on P300 latencies. The odd-ball task was used to elicit P300s before and shortly after the scalp was stimulated by rTMS. Magnetic stimulation was performed over 100 pulses. The stimulus intensity was 80% of each subject’s motor threshold. EEG measurements were collected on the Fz, Cz and Pz line of the international ten-twenty system. At 1 Hz, P300 latencies after rTMS were shorter than P300 latencies before rTMS. The latencies were shortened by approximately 25 ms at the Fz. At 0.5 Hz, P300 latencies were longer after rTMS. The latencies were lengthened by approximately 26 ms at the Fz. In contrast, at 0.75 or 0.25 Hz, no change in P300 latencies was observed after rTMS. Furthermore, following rTMS stimulation of the right SMG, there were no significant differences in P300 latencies compared with before the rTMS. The results of this study show that changes in P300 latencies depend upon the frequency of rTMS when the left SMG is stimulated. However, there were no significant differences between pre- and post-rTMS regardless of the stimulation frequency when rTMS was applied to the right SMG. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that rTMS over the right SMG is not frequency-dependent.

開催年月日： 2012年8月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：France at Maison de la Chimie   国名：フランス共和国  

In our study, we studied the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the event related desynchronization (ERD). Muwave is traditionally defined as an 8-12Hz wave recorded over sensorimotor cortex. The power of mu wave decreases with imagination of movement. ERD describes the short lasting and regional localized amplitude attenuation or blocking of oscillations that occurs in direct relation to an event. Both rTMS and tDCS can modulate cortical excitability. The aim of this study is to investigate the rTMS and tDCS effects on the ERD of mu wave, when rTMS and tDCS induce the facilitation or inhibition of cortical excitability. EEGs were measured before and after stimulation. At one measurement, subjects were given 1Hz 600pulses 90%resting motor threshold (RMT) rTMS, 1Hz 600pulses 110% RMT rTMS, 1mA 10min anodal tDCS or 1mA 10min cathodal tDCS over the motor area of the thumb in the left hemisphere. The reference electrode of tDCS was fixed at the forehead of the right hemisphere. During the measurement of EEG, subjects were required to either relax, or image grasping the right hand, or actually grasp the right hand for 4seconds during every 4seconds interval as indicated by the word cues ’Relax’, ’Imagery’ or ’Movement’, which were displayed on the monitor. Each task was repeated ten times at one measurement. To investigate the differences between the effects of real stimuli and noise, sham rTMS and sham tDCS conditions were added in this experiment. We analyzed the amount of difference ERD according to imagery or according to movement between before the stimulation and after the stimulation.

開催年月日： 2012年5月 - 2012年6月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：東京電機大学　千住キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年5月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Beijing International Convention Center   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2012年5月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Beijing International Convention Center   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2012年5月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Beijing International Convention Center   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2012年5月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Beijing International Convention Center   国名：中華人民共和国