記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

The main objective of our research is to contribute to a technique of unexploded bomb (UXB) disposal such as an establishment of evacuation areas based on the computational mechanics. To reveal the fragments behavior such as shells, explosives and soils, the computational model based on the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) schemes have been constructed with HyperWorks-RADIOSS (®Altair) software. In this report, we addressed the effects of the difference amounts of shells and explosives on the fragments behavior. And then, the computational models including a liner plate, which are corrugated thin steel sheet, have been developed. By conducting a series of numerical simulation, we investigated the protection capability of fragments about the liner plate and we also discussed the reduction of an evacuation areas.

DOI： 10.1109/esit.2018.8665029

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： 10.1115/PVP2016-63510

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： 10.1115/PVP2016-63530

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： 10.1115/PVP2016-64020

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： 10.1115/PVP2016-63588

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

近年，日本において，さまざまな問題の解決手段として米粉の利用の促進が図られている．製粉時に加熱に伴い米粉の成分が劣化することや，米自体が硬いため大量生産の際には浸漬処理を行うことが多く，乾燥工程に多くのエネルギが必要とされる． 一方，沖縄高専では，瞬間的高圧処理を用いた食品加工装置の開発を行ってきた．その装置は，非加熱にて食品を粉砕し，搾汁性の向上，殺菌，軟化，製粉などの効果を得ている．そこで，本報では，瞬間的高圧処理を用いた米粉製造装置を開発した．開発した装置を用いた実験によって浸漬処理を必要としない製粉の可能性を確認した．また，実機を用いた製粉実験にて毎時あたり1.5㎏の米粉が得られた．得られた米粉の成分分析を行い，気流粉砕装置によって製粉した米粉と比較した．比較した結果，損傷澱粉率は，気流粉砕式によって得られた米粉より低くかった．色味を比較した結果，本装置によって得られた米粉は黄色味が強い米粉であることがわかった．

DOI： 10.11301/jsfe.16.297

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Computational Simulation of Shock Wave Propagation Characteristics in Foods

記述言語：その他   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

Development of Prototype Machine for Food Processing by Underwater Shock Wave

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1260/1750-9548.4.4.341

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The new trial of explosive forming

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1115/1.1388007

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00295-7

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The final aim of study is confirm a new technique that can crush frozen soil and/or ice on the farm by underwater shock wave generated underwater explosion of explosives. In the cold region, for example, North Japan, Russia, Norway, and Sweden, etc., this technique can makes carry out early sowing and having large harvest. Especially, in Hokkaido prefecture Japan, if sowing is carried out in April, we may be expected to have a 150% of harvest of ordinary season due to the total of the sunshine hours. At first, we carried out experiments, which use explosives and ice block. The process of of...

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The supercritical liquid discovered in 1821,the specific character was known for many years. However, it began to be used industrially in Japan after the oil shock of the second half of the 1970s. Development of the process which extracts the high ingredient of added value focusing on fields, such as food and medical supplies, using the super-criticality CO_2 was furthered at first in Germany. The supercritical water attracts attention with a rise of the ocncem of the latest resources problem or an environmental problem. Moreover, the process development such as recycling, decomposition of ...

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The design of supercritical liquid pipe for organic material treatment The supercritical liquid discovered in 1821, the specific character was known for many years. However, it began to be used industrially in Japan after the oil shock of the second half of the 1970s. Development of the process which extracts the high ingredient of added value focusing on fields, such as food and medical supplies, using the super-criticality CO2 was furthered at first in Germany. The supercritical water attracts attention with a rise of the concern of the latest resources problem or an environmental problem. Moreover, the process development such as recycling, decomposition of dioxin and PCB and oilizing and monomerizing of a waste plastic have been active. In recent years, use of the woody biomass is briskly performed on Europe. Since there is the woody biomass abundantly, it tends to go into a hand. In this paper, the supercritical liquid is described briefly. Next, the experiment of supercritical treatment of wood is described. And finally, we proposed using the explosive welding technique for the development of pressure vessel and performed the numerical simulation.

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The effects of pressure vessel in explosive forming Explosive forming is one of the unconventional techniques, in which, most commonly, the water is used as the pressure transmission medium. The explosive is set at the top of the pressure vessel filled with water, and is detonated by an electric detonator. The underwater shock wave propagates through the water medium and impinges on the metal plate, which in turn, deforms. There is another pressure pulse acting on the metal plate as the secondary by product of the expansion of the gas generated by detonation of explosive. The secondary pressure pulse duration is longer and the peak pressure is lower than the primary shock pressure. However, the intensity of these pressure pulse is based also on the conditions of a pressure vessel. In order to understand the influence of the configuration of the pressure vessel on the deformation of a metal plate, numerical analysis was performed. This paper reports those results.

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Deformation and collision process of metal plate on explosive welding using underwater shock wave Explosive welding using underwater shock wave has been conducted. This technique is a new method of explosive welding and can weld a steel plate with an amorphous film, multi-layer of thin copper plates and so on. The conventional method of usual explosive welding cannot weld these combinations of material. It is possible to change shock pressure acting on the flyer plate easily, because the equipment for this method can change the inclined angle and distance between the explosive and flyer plate. However, we have to understand the mechanism of this method to seek the most suitable for set-up condition. Therefore, the numerical simulation of this method was made. The simulation method was FDM using Lagrangean scheme and it can express the detonation process of explosive, propagation process of underwater shock wave, deformation process of metal plate and collision process of between flyer and base plates. In this paper, these simulation results are discussed.

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New trials for free metal forming using underwater shock wave cylindrical free forming Explosive forming is a metal forming method using underwater shock wave generated by underwater explosion of explosive. This technique is superior to static forming techniques on the duplication of the shape of the die, because the metal plate can obtain a great work-hardening. It is not necessary upper die used for static forming techniques such us the press forming. We have researched this method and developed the equipment for lower costs of metal forming obtained appointed shape using underwater explosive forming technique. As a new method, we have considered the free metal forming. Before proceeding with this research, we must cover a fundamental problem. Therefore, we have done experimental and analytic investigation for free metal forming using underwater shock wave. In this paper, we present experimental and numerical simulation results.

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On eccentric spherical forming of metal plate using underwater shock waves Explosive forming is one of the effective metal forming methods using underwater shock wave generated by the detonation of an explosive. We have done the experiment of eccentric spherical free metal forming by this method. This free metal forming process does not use require expensive metal die. We used simple metal die with only circular edges and considered the metal plate formed to required shape using this method. It was possible to change the pressure distribution applied on the metal plate by changing the set-up position of explosive and the shape of the device. We have considered this method to cause lessen cost in the small production by various types of metal forming process. In this paper, we introduce the method of eccentric spherical free metal forming using underwater shock wave and present the experimental results.

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The Eccentric Spherical Free Metal Forming Using Underwater Shock Wave Explosive forming is one of the effective metal forming methods using underwater shock wave generated by the detonation of an explosive. We have done the experiment of eccentric spherical free metal forming by this method. This flee metal forming process does not use require expensive metal die. We used simple metal die with only circular edges and considered the metal plate formed to required shape using this method. It was possible to change the pressure distribution applied on the metal plate by changing the set-up position of explosive and the shape of the device. We have considered this method to cause lessen cost in the small production by various types of metal forming process. In this paper, we introduce the method of eccentric spherical free metal forming using underwater shock wave and present the experimental results.

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爆薬の爆発の際に発生する極めて密度の高いエネルギーを、破壊のエネルギーとしてではなく、金属板や管の成形に利用することを目的として発達した加工法が爆発成形法である。我々は、より良い生産力をもつ低コストの方法として、金属の型を使わずに爆薬の量や位置を変え、その爆薬による水中衝撃波で金属成形加工を行う、その爆発成形法を研究してきた。 今回は、シミュレーションによる水面下の爆発成形法の自由張り出し成形と、実際に実験を行って水中衝撃波による自由張り出し成形を行った。

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Numerical simulation of free metal sheet forming using the underwater explosion of explosive In recent years, many studies of metal forming have done for a better productivity. In these fields, it is important problem the production cost make lower. However, in generally the very expensive metal die is indispensable for metal forming. Consequently, it is difficult the metal die excludes for the lower cost. We have been developing the technique for the metal forming not using the metal die as an epoch-making method for lower costs. Therefore, we have considered the free plate forming by the explosive forming using the underwater shock wave generated by the underwater explosion of explosive placed in a pressure vessel filled with water. This technique uses only a metal die has circular edges, it does not use an expensively metal die of a same shape as product. We considered varying the pressure condition acted on the metal plate by changing the set position of the explosive as substitute for a metal die. Therefore we have done numerical simulations as a feasibility study of that technique for understanding the deformation shape of metal plate by changing the position of explosive. In this paper, we considered some simulation models, and the simulation results were discussed.

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Numerical simulatuion of free forming using underwater shock wave Explosive forming is metal forming method using underwater shock wave generated by underwater explosion of explosive. This technique is superior to static forming techniques on the duplication of the shape of the die, because the metal plate can obtain a great work-hardening. It is not necessary upper die used for static forming techniques such us the press forming. Moreover, this technique can use not only metals but also resins, plaster and paper as the material of die. As a result, this technique is suitable for production of many kinds and quantity products. We have developed the equipment for lower costs of metal forming obtained appointed shape using underwater explosive forming technique. As a new method, we have considered the free forming. Therefore, in this paper, we pick up some models for free forming of underwater explosive forming. We have made numerical simulation on these models. The results of numerical simulation were discussed.

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Numerical simulation of the process of non-die explosive forming of spherical shell In this paper, the authors present a newly developed working method of manufacturing spherical shells without using presses and dies. The original experimental work dates back to (Frey,1967). The deformation process of a pre-welded multi-cone spherically-inscribed structure was analysed by the dynamic finite-difference method. Because this pre-welded structure has the tendency of becoming a circular shape, the structure will be formed into a spherical shape by a uniform inner shock pressure if the pre-welded regions had enough strength. The pressure transform medium such as water was filled into the welded structure before the expanding. The uniform shock loading was obtained from a center-located (center of the pre-welded structure) spherical explosive charge which was immerged in the water. Experiment demonstrated that this method was a useful manufacture processing.

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Computational Prediction of Underwater Shock Wave Propagation and Reflection Behavior at the Interface for Various Acoustic Impedance Materials

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Computational simulation for evaluation of food softening treatment vessel using underwater shockwave Copyright © 2016 by ASME. To clarify the characteristics of the shock wave propagation in food and treatment food vessel, the finite element models of the food, surrounding water, source of high-pressure and its vessel were developed using commercial finite element software HyperWorks (Altair®) RADIOSS®. By conducting a series of numerical simulations, the pressure distribution in the foods has been observed. From a comparison between computational results and experimental ones corresponding to food hardness using creep meter, it is also revealed that the food softening treatment is highly dependent on the incident shockwave and the reflected one.

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Numerical simulation on manufacturing of pressure vessel for shock food processing using explosive forming Copyright © 2016 by ASME. The explosive forming is a characteristic forming method. An underwater shock wave is generated by underwater explosion of the explosive. A metal plate is affected high strain rate by the shock loading and is formed along a metal die. Although this method has the advantage of mirroring the shape of the die, a free forming was used in this paper. An expensive metal die is not necessary for this free forming. It is possible that a metal plate is formed with simple supporting parts. However, the forming shape is depend on the shock pressure distribution act on the metal plate. This pressure distribution is able to change by the shape of explosive, a mass of explosive and a shape of pressure vessel. On the other hand, we need the pressure vessel for food processing by the underwater shock wave. Therefore, we propose making the pressure vessel by the explosive forming. One design suggestion of pressure vessel made of stainless steel was considered. However, we cannot decide suitable conditions, the mass of the explosive and the distance between the explosive and the metal plate to make the pressure vessel. In order to decide these conditions, we have tried the numerical simulation of this explosive forming. The basic simulation method was ALE (Arbitrary Laglangian Eulerian) method. Mie-Grümeisen EOS (equation of state), JWL EOS, Johnson-Cook constitutive equation for a material model were applied in the numerical simulation. In this paper, the underwater pressure contours to clear the propagations of the underwater shock wave, forming processes and deformation velocity of the metal plate is shown and it will be discussed about those results.

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Production of rice powder milling flour device and characterization by numerical simulation Copyright © 2016 by ASME. Rice powder is of interest in Japan, because it can be processed into various foods. However, conventional methods of manufacturing rice-powder generate heat when crushing the rice. National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (ONCT) has been developing a pressure vessel for producing rice powder using underwater shock waves. The merits of this process are the dry condition and the lack of heating, and a decrease in the manufacturing cost can be expected, using this method. A power supply for generating the shock waves, a pressure vessel for crushing and, a device for the transportation of the rice were developed. The amount of flour that could be milled by the first prototype device was approximately 450g per hour. Then, the pressure vessel was improved to increase the rate of milling. Toward achieving this target, the characteristics of rice processing using shock waves were evaluated. First, a shock wave crushed the rice, which was trapped in transparent acrylic blocks. At the same time, the transmitted shock wave was observed using a high speed camera. From the result of the observation, the speeds of the wave passing through the acrylic blocks and rice was calculated. A linear relationship between the shock wave velocity (Us) and particle velocity (Up) in a material has been empirically found. The propagation of a shock wave in the pressure vessel was calculated by computer simulation. Moreover, a cylindrical pressure vessel with an internal diameter of 150mm was developed. Silicone hoses are installed in the pressure vessel, and the rice passes through in the hoses.The shock wave is generated by the electrical collapse induced by supplying a high voltage to the gap between electrodes in the center of the vessel. The rice is milled into flour by these phenomena, and rice is continuously supplied to the pressure vessel by a classification device and the transport device. The amount of flour milled per hour was verified experimentally.

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Visualization of shock wave propagation behavior of the general-purpose batch processing for pressure vessel by numerical simulation Copyright © 2016 by ASME. Recently, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (ONCT) has been developing a new food processing method using underwater shock wave. The continuous-operation device was manufactured for the production of rice flour, the amount of milling flour per hour and the quality of the rice powder were evaluated. In the case of Yuzu (Citrus junos), an improved fragrance was obtained using this methods compared with other general processing method. The authors have also developed a batch-type crushing device (pressure vessel) for various food processing. However, the mechanism by which is processed using shock waves has not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, the propagation characteristics of a shock wave in the developed pressure vessel were evaluated by numerical simulation. The characteristics of processing is evaluated using shock wave and, the pressure resistance of the vessel was analyzed. In addition, food processing experiments using the developed device were performed. In which, in which "Yuzu" were crushed. Yuzu before-and-after crushing were compared, and the effect of shock wave were clarified.

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Basic study on explosive evaporation of cryogenic fluids by contacting normal temperature fluids in the pressure vessel The mixture of the extreme low temperature fluid and the normal temperature fluid becomes the cause which causes pressure vessel and piping system crush due to explosive boiling and rapid freezing. In recent years in Japan, the demand of cryogenic fluids like a LH2, LNG is increasing because of the advance of fuel cell device technology, hydrogen of engine, and stream of consciousness for environmental agreement. On the other hand, as for fisheries as well, the use of a source of energy that environment load is small has been being a pressing need. Therefore, we carried out the experiments related to promotion of evaporating cryogenic fluids, in the contact directly of the water and liquid nitrogen. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.

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For the success of the new explosive welding process proposed reflector is arranged on the short part of the bottom plate closed to the installation block of explosive. It is confirmed by numerical simulation results that the reduction of the underwater shock pressure far from the explosive position is pretty well diminished fry the effect of strong underwater shock wave reflected at the new reflector surface.

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Deformation process of metal pipe by underwater shock loading We have investigated on underwater explosive forming and explosive welding. Until now, many experiments and numerical simulation have investigated. As our new target, study on a deformation of pipe made of metal material by underwater shock loading has been done. This phenomenon is often occurred. For example, metal pipe forming by underwater shock wave. This method is a forming method that pipe make forms to desired shape. An metal pipe set inside the metal die and the underwater shock wave is generated by explosive from one side the pipe. The underwater shock wave is propagated to another side and the pip is expanded to outer side. Finally, the metal pipe becomes the shape along the metal die. We are researching these mechanisms. This method can be applied to various metal pipe forming. It is necessary to investigate the behavior of the underwater shockwave that through the inside pipe. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.

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In the previous report, we proposed a new welding process in which explosive welding is achieved by effective application of reflected underwater shock wave. For the success of this process, it is an important point to prevent the reduction of the underwater shock pressure with the distance away from explosive. In this report, the effects of several parameters, such as inclination angle of reflector, height and inclination angle of installation block on which attaches explosive, are investigated by means of numerical simulation.

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In recent years, lightening the material of the car body has been attempted for fuel cost reduction. The aluminum alloy has been used as a countermeasure. However, the forming limit of aluminum alloy is less than steel. Therefore, damage ofthe aluminum alloy happens when the car body is formed using conventional punching methods. However, since aluminum alloy has a special feature, when the strain rate exceeds 1000/s, we proposed use of explosive forming method in which strain rates much more than 1000/s can be obtained. Common practice of explosive forming includes the explosion of an expl...

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In this report, we propose a new explosive welding method, and the welding is performed at employing underwater shock pressure produced by the underwater explosion of an explosive placed at one side almost vertical to the specimen to be welded. In order to prevent the reduction of the shock pressure with the distance away from explosive, a steel reflector is placed over the area of the specimen. The effects of the reflector are investigated based on the experimental results and the process is numerically analyzed results.

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A new method of explosive welding performed by effective application of reflected underwater shock wave In this report, we propose a new explosive welding method, and the welding is performed at employing underwater shock pressure produced by the underwater explosion of an explosive placed at one side almost vertical to the specimen to be welded. In order to prevent the reduction of the shock pressure with the distance away from explosive, a steel reflector is placed over the area of the specimen. The effects of the reflector are investigated based on the experimental results and the process is numerically analyzed results. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

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Basic study on shock loading of cryogenic pressure vessel and piping In recent years, the use of cryogenic fluids as a coolant has been increasing because of the industrial development of low temperature technology. Therefore, the use of the cryogenic pressure vessel and piping become general. LNG-tank, LN2, O2-tank at food factory and medical facilities are given for example. The safety of these pressure containers becomes important all the more. Thermal insulation of these cryogenic vessel and piping is usually carried out by using evacuation. In the cryogenic pressure vessel and piping, reducing the thermal insulation of that by initial small damage, leads to an internal pressure rise and occurring of flashing, and causing secondary crush of pressure vessel and piping also. Then, we conducted experiments with shock loading of commercial tanks and numerical simulation of shock loaded the double wall that contain vacuum layer. When thinking about safety aspects, it is important to consider about the spread of the shock wave in the double wall containing the vacuum layer. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

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Study on explosive forming of a light alloy plate The explosive forming is one of the forming methods of metal plates has been performed since 1950. This method is different from usual static press forming. The metal plate is accelerated by underwater shock wave, which is generated by underwater explosion of an explosive. We have tried the experiment of aluminum alloy forming using this method. In this research, a forming limit for aluminum alloy has been clarified from the experimental results. Then, we have tried the numerical simulation for this method using finite difference method. In this research, two methods for forming aluminum plates using closed metal vessel and paper vessel are introduced and the results of numerical simulations corresponding to those experimental conditions are shown. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

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Adhesion problem of marine organisms often becomes a problem, in the case of ship, marine floating construction and sluice gate of power plant. These make fluid resistance of a hull increase, cause a buoyancy fall, or cause reducing coolant etc. Although these are chiefly removed by manual operation now, immense expense and immense labors, such as personnel expenses and time and effort, are needed. We tried application of an underwater shock wave, in order to solve these problems. Interference of a shock wave and the mechanism of marine organisms exfoliation were explored using the explosiv...

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The explosive forming method is one of the material processing methods. In this method, the shock wave generated by the explosion and propagated through a suitable pressure medium like as a water or air act on a metal plate, a metal tube, etc. It gives a very high strain deformation of the material and finally a suitable plastic deformation. This method is called as a shock bulge forming. The advantages of this method are hard to produce the spring back and a high strain rate material processing. The predominance of shock bulge forming is investigated by comparing with static press bulge fo...

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This investigation deals with the deformation mechanism of a circular metal plate subjected to a uniform shock pressure whose duration is relatively long. The deformation in this case is assumed as two stages. One of them is the deformation produced according to the plastic bending wave propagating from the periphery of the plate to its center, and the other is the bulging deformation of the whole area similar to that generated due to static hydraulic pressure. In this investigation we try to analyze the effect of shock pressure profile on the deformation mechanism using a numerical simulat...

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Exfoliation of Shellfish From Drainpipe of Power Plant Using Underwater Shock Wave Power plants are built along the coastal belts as the coolant, sea water, is available aplenty and cheaper. However, shellfish such as oyster and barnacle, usually, stick to the inside of the pipeline transferring seawater These shellfish often block the pipeline and is disastrous. When these shellfish adheres inside the pipe, they cannot of be removed easily. Chemical treatments are available to reduce this hindrance, but then, it is undesirable as the chemicals create ecological conundrum. Therefore, a novel technique of exfoliating the shellfish from the inside of the pipe using underwater shock waves is proposed. The underwater shock wave is generated by underwater detonation of explosives. An explosive is arranged on the outside of the metal pipe sunk underwater and exploded. The shock waves generated by underwater explosion of explosive, impinges on the metal pipe. The shellfish is exfoliated by the expanding pressure generated by the propagation of the underwater shock wave from the outside to the inside of the metal pipe. To confirm these phenomena some samples of metal to which the shellfish were adhered were collected from the area along the shore, and the underwater experiments were conducted. The explosive was a detonation fuse. The distance from the sample to the explosive (stand-off) was varied. The results of the exfoliation attempt using underwater shock waves are discussed in this paper.

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High Strain Formation of Al Alloy Plate for Car Body Recently, the automotive performance improvement is requested. The fuel cost of the automotive greatly depends on the weight of the car. We can improve the automotive performance by lightening and car. The body material of the car is being replaced from iron with the aluminum base alloy. The fuel cost of the car made by all aluminum base alloy are said about 35.5 km/litter. However the forming of the aluminum base alloy is very difficult due to the limit of the forced restrictions. In this research, the explosive forming of the aluminum base alloy carried out to improve the deformability of them. A very high performance of the explosive forming of the aluminum base alloy is reported.

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Numerical Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Using Underwater Shock Wave In recent years, aluminum alloy is being used to fabricate car bodies. #5000's or 6000's aluminum alloy series is widely employed. However, the sheet metal forming of these materials by the static method, such as the hydro bulge forming and general punching, is very difficult, because the formability characteristics are limited when compared to majority of automobile steels. Hence, the choice of explosive forming is considered for forming these aluminum alloys. Te elongation of aluminum alloy by explosive forming is compared with that obtained by punching. The amount of deformation of aluminum alloy by the explosive forming is found to be larger. In addition, a theoretical elucidation is also done. FDM scheme was employed to solve the numerical simulation. In this simulation the detonation process of the explosive, propagation process and deformation process of aluminum alloy were conducted.

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On Glass Crushing Using Underwater Shock Wave Glass products can be divided as reusable and non reusable. 20% of glass products are non-reusable, and it becomes glass cullet of the bottle raw material after recovery. The utility rate of this glass cullet is low as the processing cost is expensive. Therefore, the new glass cullet generating method using underwater shock wave is proposed in this paper. The underwater shock wave, which acts on a beer glass, was observed using a high speed camera.

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The shock forming method is one of the material processing methods. In this method, the shock wave generated by the explosion and propagated through a suitable pressure medium like as a water or air act on a metal plate, a metal tube, etc. It gives a very high strain deformation of the material and finally a suitable plastic deformation. This method is called as a shock bulge forming. The advantages of this method are hard to produce the spring back and a high strain rate material processing. The material processing at high strain rate leads an extreme high deformability of the aluminum bas...

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The final aim of study is confirm a new technique that can crush frozen soil and/or ice on the farm by underwater shock wave generated underwater explosion of explosives. In the cold region, for example, North Japan, Russia, Norway, and Sweden, etc., this technique can makes carry out early sowing and having large harvest. Especially, in Hokkaido prefecture Japan, if sowing is carried out in April, we may be expected to have a 150% of harvest of ordinary season due to the total of the sunshine hours. At first, we carried out experiments, which use explosives and ice block. The process of of...

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The supercritical liquid discovered in 1821,the specific character was known for many years. However, it began to be used industrially in Japan after the oil shock of the second half of the 1970s. Development of the process which extracts the high ingredient of added value focusing on fields, such as food and medical supplies, using the super-criticality CO_2 was furthered at first in Germany. The supercritical water attracts attention with a rise of the ocncem of the latest resources problem or an environmental problem. Moreover, the process development such as recycling, decomposition of ...

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The design of supercritical liquid pipe for organic material treatment The supercritical liquid discovered in 1821, the specific character was known for many years. However, it began to be used industrially in Japan after the oil shock of the second half of the 1970s. Development of the process which extracts the high ingredient of added value focusing on fields, such as food and medical supplies, using the super-criticality CO2 was furthered at first in Germany. The supercritical water attracts attention with a rise of the concern of the latest resources problem or an environmental problem. Moreover, the process development such as recycling, decomposition of dioxin and PCB and oilizing and monomerizing of a waste plastic have been active. In recent years, use of the woody biomass is briskly performed on Europe. Since there is the woody biomass abundantly, it tends to go into a hand. In this paper, the supercritical liquid is described briefly. Next, the experiment of supercritical treatment of wood is described. And finally, we proposed using the explosive welding technique for the development of pressure vessel and performed the numerical simulation.

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The effects of pressure vessel in explosive forming Explosive forming is one of the unconventional techniques, in which, most commonly, the water is used as the pressure transmission medium. The explosive is set at the top of the pressure vessel filled with water, and is detonated by an electric detonator. The underwater shock wave propagates through the water medium and impinges on the metal plate, which in turn, deforms. There is another pressure pulse acting on the metal plate as the secondary by product of the expansion of the gas generated by detonation of explosive. The secondary pressure pulse duration is longer and the peak pressure is lower than the primary shock pressure. However, the intensity of these pressure pulse is based also on the conditions of a pressure vessel. In order to understand the influence of the configuration of the pressure vessel on the deformation of a metal plate, numerical analysis was performed. This paper reports those results.

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Deformation and collision process of metal plate on explosive welding using underwater shock wave Explosive welding using underwater shock wave has been conducted. This technique is a new method of explosive welding and can weld a steel plate with an amorphous film, multi-layer of thin copper plates and so on. The conventional method of usual explosive welding cannot weld these combinations of material. It is possible to change shock pressure acting on the flyer plate easily, because the equipment for this method can change the inclined angle and distance between the explosive and flyer plate. However, we have to understand the mechanism of this method to seek the most suitable for set-up condition. Therefore, the numerical simulation of this method was made. The simulation method was FDM using Lagrangean scheme and it can express the detonation process of explosive, propagation process of underwater shock wave, deformation process of metal plate and collision process of between flyer and base plates. In this paper, these simulation results are discussed.

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Metal Pipe Forming Using Underwater Shock Wave Recently, many metal pipes have been manufactured and used as various mechanical parts. Cross section of these parts has circular and oval shape. And then, a lot of kinds, but a small quantity production of these metal pipe increases. However, commonly, very expensive metal die are used in that case. Therefore, we considered the metal pipe forming method so that we can obtain the required deformation shape of metal pipes using the underwater shock wave generated by underwater explosion of explosive. We did some experiments of the metal pipe forming by that method. We used detonating cord as the explosive. The metal pipe and explosive was submerged into water and the detonating cord was detonated by electric detonator. We made some experiments by changing the explosive set-up position and inside the metal pipe filled with water, soil, air, and so on. In this paper, we have discussed these experimental results. And then, we have done the numerical simulation to this method and those results are also discussed.

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New trials for free metal forming using underwater shock wave cylindrical free forming Explosive forming is a metal forming method using underwater shock wave generated by underwater explosion of explosive. This technique is superior to static forming techniques on the duplication of the shape of the die, because the metal plate can obtain a great work-hardening. It is not necessary upper die used for static forming techniques such us the press forming. We have researched this method and developed the equipment for lower costs of metal forming obtained appointed shape using underwater explosive forming technique. As a new method, we have considered the free metal forming. Before proceeding with this research, we must cover a fundamental problem. Therefore, we have done experimental and analytic investigation for free metal forming using underwater shock wave. In this paper, we present experimental and numerical simulation results.

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On eccentric spherical forming of metal plate using underwater shock waves Explosive forming is one of the effective metal forming methods using underwater shock wave generated by the detonation of an explosive. We have done the experiment of eccentric spherical free metal forming by this method. This free metal forming process does not use require expensive metal die. We used simple metal die with only circular edges and considered the metal plate formed to required shape using this method. It was possible to change the pressure distribution applied on the metal plate by changing the set-up position of explosive and the shape of the device. We have considered this method to cause lessen cost in the small production by various types of metal forming process. In this paper, we introduce the method of eccentric spherical free metal forming using underwater shock wave and present the experimental results.

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On Study of Free Metal Forming Using Underwater Shock Wave Explosive forming is one of the metal forming methods using underwater shock wave generated by underwater detonation of explosives. This technique is superior to static forming techniques on the duplication of the shape of the die, because the metal plate can obtain a greater work hardening. The upper die used for static forming techniques such us the press forming is, thus, unnecessary. Moreover, this technique can use not only metals but also resins, plaster and paper as the material of die. As a result, this technique is suitable for production of many kinds and quality products. We have developed the equipment for lower costs of metal forming of various appointed shapes using underwater explosive forming technique. As a new method, we have considered the free forming. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss some models for free forming of under water explosive forming. We have made numerical simulation on these models. The results of numerical simulation are reported.

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The Eccentric Spherical Free Metal Forming Using Underwater Shock Wave Explosive forming is one of the effective metal forming methods using underwater shock wave generated by the detonation of an explosive. We have done the experiment of eccentric spherical free metal forming by this method. This flee metal forming process does not use require expensive metal die. We used simple metal die with only circular edges and considered the metal plate formed to required shape using this method. It was possible to change the pressure distribution applied on the metal plate by changing the set-up position of explosive and the shape of the device. We have considered this method to cause lessen cost in the small production by various types of metal forming process. In this paper, we introduce the method of eccentric spherical free metal forming using underwater shock wave and present the experimental results.

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近年、多品種少量生産の製品が益々多くなってきている。例えば、年間5000台しか生産しない自動車や、サニタリー製品でも年間500～1000個だけしか生産しない個性的なデザインの洗面台などがある。これらの部品は、金型を用いた成形加工によって行われている。しかし、金型は高価であり少量生産においてはコストが高くなる。そこで我々はこれらの部品を金型なしで成形するために、爆発成形法による金属板の自由張出し成形を取り上げ、金属板を所定の形状に成形する装置の開発を行っている。 本研究では、金属板の材料を銅として偏心球状の成形を行うために、爆薬と銅板との距離を変えることで、銅板の成形形状にどのような影響を及ぼすか調査するために実験を行った。その結果について報告する。

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爆薬の爆発の際に発生する極めて密度の高いエネルギーを、破壊のエネルギーとしてではなく、金属板や管の成形に利用することを目的として発達した加工法が爆発成形法である。我々は、より良い生産力をもつ低コストの方法として、金属の型を使わずに爆薬の量や位置を変え、その爆薬による水中衝撃波で金属成形加工を行う、その爆発成形法を研究してきた。 今回は、シミュレーションによる水面下の爆発成形法の自由張り出し成形と、実際に実験を行って水中衝撃波による自由張り出し成形を行った。

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An Investigation on Underwater Explosive Bonding Process In this paper, we propose a new explosive bonding method for bonding materials by using the underwater shock wave from the explosion of explosives in water. This method is especially suitable to bond the materials with thin thickness and largely dissimilar property. In bonding those materials, the shock pressure and the moving velocity of shock wave on the flyer plate should be precisely managed to achieve an optimum bonding conditions. In this method, the bonding conditions can be controlled by varying of the space distance between the explosive and the flyer plate or by inclining the explosive charge with the flyer plate. We made the experiment of this technique bond the amorphous film with the steel plate. A satisfactory result was gained. At the same time, numerical analysis was performed to investigate the bonding conditions. The calculated deformation of the flyer plate by the action of underwater shock wave was compared with the experimental recordings by high-speed camera under the same conditions. The comparison shows that the numerical analysis is of good reliability on the prediction of the experimental result. Furthermore, the numerical simulation also gives the deformations of the flyer and the base plate, and the pressure and its variation during the collision process. © 2000 by ASME.

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Numerical simulation of free metal sheet forming using the underwater explosion of explosive In recent years, many studies of metal forming have done for a better productivity. In these fields, it is important problem the production cost make lower. However, in generally the very expensive metal die is indispensable for metal forming. Consequently, it is difficult the metal die excludes for the lower cost. We have been developing the technique for the metal forming not using the metal die as an epoch-making method for lower costs. Therefore, we have considered the free plate forming by the explosive forming using the underwater shock wave generated by the underwater explosion of explosive placed in a pressure vessel filled with water. This technique uses only a metal die has circular edges, it does not use an expensively metal die of a same shape as product. We considered varying the pressure condition acted on the metal plate by changing the set position of the explosive as substitute for a metal die. Therefore we have done numerical simulations as a feasibility study of that technique for understanding the deformation shape of metal plate by changing the position of explosive. In this paper, we considered some simulation models, and the simulation results were discussed.

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Numerical simulatuion of free forming using underwater shock wave Explosive forming is metal forming method using underwater shock wave generated by underwater explosion of explosive. This technique is superior to static forming techniques on the duplication of the shape of the die, because the metal plate can obtain a great work-hardening. It is not necessary upper die used for static forming techniques such us the press forming. Moreover, this technique can use not only metals but also resins, plaster and paper as the material of die. As a result, this technique is suitable for production of many kinds and quantity products. We have developed the equipment for lower costs of metal forming obtained appointed shape using underwater explosive forming technique. As a new method, we have considered the free forming. Therefore, in this paper, we pick up some models for free forming of underwater explosive forming. We have made numerical simulation on these models. The results of numerical simulation were discussed.

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Numerical simulation of the process of non-die explosive forming of spherical shell In this paper, the authors present a newly developed working method of manufacturing spherical shells without using presses and dies. The original experimental work dates back to (Frey,1967). The deformation process of a pre-welded multi-cone spherically-inscribed structure was analysed by the dynamic finite-difference method. Because this pre-welded structure has the tendency of becoming a circular shape, the structure will be formed into a spherical shape by a uniform inner shock pressure if the pre-welded regions had enough strength. The pressure transform medium such as water was filled into the welded structure before the expanding. The uniform shock loading was obtained from a center-located (center of the pre-welded structure) spherical explosive charge which was immerged in the water. Experiment demonstrated that this method was a useful manufacture processing.

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The shock forming method is one of the material processing methods. In this method, the shock wave generated by the explosion and propagated through a suitable pressure medium like as a water or air act on a metal plate, a metal tube, etc. It gives a very high strain deformation of the material and finally a suitable plastic deformation. This method is called as a shock bulge forming. The advantages of this method are hard to produce the spring back and a high strain rate material processing. The material processing at high strain rate leads an extreme high deformability of the aluminum bas...

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Computational simulation for contribute to unexploded bomb disposal problem using SPH scheme

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A Consideration of Underwater Shock Wave Behavior at Interface for Various Acoustic Impedance Materials using the Computational Prediction

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Design and Production of Food Processing Machine using Under Water Shock Wave for Practical Application

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Experimental and numerical investigation on explosive forming of magnesium alloy plate

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An Investigation on Explosive Forming of Magnesium Alloy Plate

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A SPH Simulation for Underground Explosion Phenomena

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Procedures of mechanical and electrical engineering is offered at the introductory-level in Yatsushiro National College of Technology's mechanical and electrical engineering curriculum. The school has been making improvements in the content of the procedures course of the mechanical and electrical engineering department since 2000. In the previous procedures course there had been no training in electrical and control engineering. The goals of the improvement program are to "introduce the procedures of mechatronics" and to "increase the opportunity for students, not only to produce parts, but also to complete an entire product." A survey of students in 2001 indicated that the number of students who had become interested in the procedures of mechanical and electrical engineering had increased since the improvement program was initiated.

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The powder used as lubricant in continuous casting processes contains mainly CaO，SiO_2 and CaF_2. Cuspidine (3CaO・2SiO_2・CaF_2)is therefore formed usually after the powder melts. Only the information on crystal structures，lattice constants and phase equilibria has been reported for the cuspidine，but the heat capacity of it has not been measured yet. In the present work，the heat content of the cuspidine was measurered from 1104K to 1827K using the drop calorimeter. The heat content of the cuspidine was obtained as follows: △H_s=0.382T-135±15kJ/mol (solid phase) △H_l=0.854T-810±25kJ/mol (liquid phase) From these results，the enthalpy of melting at 1683K is 119 kJ/mol，and the entropy of melting is estimated to be 70.7 J/mol.K.

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Numerical analysis on deformation feature of the explosive die-forming-processing

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The deformation feature of a metal plate in explosive forming process

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Computational Prediction of Underwater Shock Wave Propagation and Reflection Behavior at the Interface for Various Acoustic Impedance Materials

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Computational simulation for evaluation of food softening treatment vessel using underwater shockwave Copyright © 2016 by ASME. To clarify the characteristics of the shock wave propagation in food and treatment food vessel, the finite element models of the food, surrounding water, source of high-pressure and its vessel were developed using commercial finite element software HyperWorks (Altair®) RADIOSS®. By conducting a series of numerical simulations, the pressure distribution in the foods has been observed. From a comparison between computational results and experimental ones corresponding to food hardness using creep meter, it is also revealed that the food softening treatment is highly dependent on the incident shockwave and the reflected one.

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Numerical simulation on manufacturing of pressure vessel for shock food processing using explosive forming Copyright © 2016 by ASME. The explosive forming is a characteristic forming method. An underwater shock wave is generated by underwater explosion of the explosive. A metal plate is affected high strain rate by the shock loading and is formed along a metal die. Although this method has the advantage of mirroring the shape of the die, a free forming was used in this paper. An expensive metal die is not necessary for this free forming. It is possible that a metal plate is formed with simple supporting parts. However, the forming shape is depend on the shock pressure distribution act on the metal plate. This pressure distribution is able to change by the shape of explosive, a mass of explosive and a shape of pressure vessel. On the other hand, we need the pressure vessel for food processing by the underwater shock wave. Therefore, we propose making the pressure vessel by the explosive forming. One design suggestion of pressure vessel made of stainless steel was considered. However, we cannot decide suitable conditions, the mass of the explosive and the distance between the explosive and the metal plate to make the pressure vessel. In order to decide these conditions, we have tried the numerical simulation of this explosive forming. The basic simulation method was ALE (Arbitrary Laglangian Eulerian) method. Mie-Grümeisen EOS (equation of state), JWL EOS, Johnson-Cook constitutive equation for a material model were applied in the numerical simulation. In this paper, the underwater pressure contours to clear the propagations of the underwater shock wave, forming processes and deformation velocity of the metal plate is shown and it will be discussed about those results.

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Production of rice powder milling flour device and characterization by numerical simulation Copyright © 2016 by ASME. Rice powder is of interest in Japan, because it can be processed into various foods. However, conventional methods of manufacturing rice-powder generate heat when crushing the rice. National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (ONCT) has been developing a pressure vessel for producing rice powder using underwater shock waves. The merits of this process are the dry condition and the lack of heating, and a decrease in the manufacturing cost can be expected, using this method. A power supply for generating the shock waves, a pressure vessel for crushing and, a device for the transportation of the rice were developed. The amount of flour that could be milled by the first prototype device was approximately 450g per hour. Then, the pressure vessel was improved to increase the rate of milling. Toward achieving this target, the characteristics of rice processing using shock waves were evaluated. First, a shock wave crushed the rice, which was trapped in transparent acrylic blocks. At the same time, the transmitted shock wave was observed using a high speed camera. From the result of the observation, the speeds of the wave passing through the acrylic blocks and rice was calculated. A linear relationship between the shock wave velocity (Us) and particle velocity (Up) in a material has been empirically found. The propagation of a shock wave in the pressure vessel was calculated by computer simulation. Moreover, a cylindrical pressure vessel with an internal diameter of 150mm was developed. Silicone hoses are installed in the pressure vessel, and the rice passes through in the hoses.The shock wave is generated by the electrical collapse induced by supplying a high voltage to the gap between electrodes in the center of the vessel. The rice is milled into flour by these phenomena, and rice is continuously supplied to the pressure vessel by a classification device and the transport device. The amount of flour milled per hour was verified experimentally.

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Visualization of shock wave propagation behavior of the general-purpose batch processing for pressure vessel by numerical simulation Copyright © 2016 by ASME. Recently, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (ONCT) has been developing a new food processing method using underwater shock wave. The continuous-operation device was manufactured for the production of rice flour, the amount of milling flour per hour and the quality of the rice powder were evaluated. In the case of Yuzu (Citrus junos), an improved fragrance was obtained using this methods compared with other general processing method. The authors have also developed a batch-type crushing device (pressure vessel) for various food processing. However, the mechanism by which is processed using shock waves has not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, the propagation characteristics of a shock wave in the developed pressure vessel were evaluated by numerical simulation. The characteristics of processing is evaluated using shock wave and, the pressure resistance of the vessel was analyzed. In addition, food processing experiments using the developed device were performed. In which, in which "Yuzu" were crushed. Yuzu before-and-after crushing were compared, and the effect of shock wave were clarified.

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Basic study on explosive evaporation of cryogenic fluids by contacting normal temperature fluids in the pressure vessel The mixture of the extreme low temperature fluid and the normal temperature fluid becomes the cause which causes pressure vessel and piping system crush due to explosive boiling and rapid freezing. In recent years in Japan, the demand of cryogenic fluids like a LH2, LNG is increasing because of the advance of fuel cell device technology, hydrogen of engine, and stream of consciousness for environmental agreement. On the other hand, as for fisheries as well, the use of a source of energy that environment load is small has been being a pressing need. Therefore, we carried out the experiments related to promotion of evaporating cryogenic fluids, in the contact directly of the water and liquid nitrogen. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.

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For the success of the new explosive welding process proposed reflector is arranged on the short part of the bottom plate closed to the installation block of explosive. It is confirmed by numerical simulation results that the reduction of the underwater shock pressure far from the explosive position is pretty well diminished fry the effect of strong underwater shock wave reflected at the new reflector surface.

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Deformation process of metal pipe by underwater shock loading We have investigated on underwater explosive forming and explosive welding. Until now, many experiments and numerical simulation have investigated. As our new target, study on a deformation of pipe made of metal material by underwater shock loading has been done. This phenomenon is often occurred. For example, metal pipe forming by underwater shock wave. This method is a forming method that pipe make forms to desired shape. An metal pipe set inside the metal die and the underwater shock wave is generated by explosive from one side the pipe. The underwater shock wave is propagated to another side and the pip is expanded to outer side. Finally, the metal pipe becomes the shape along the metal die. We are researching these mechanisms. This method can be applied to various metal pipe forming. It is necessary to investigate the behavior of the underwater shockwave that through the inside pipe. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.

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In the previous report, we proposed a new welding process in which explosive welding is achieved by effective application of reflected underwater shock wave. For the success of this process, it is an important point to prevent the reduction of the underwater shock pressure with the distance away from explosive. In this report, the effects of several parameters, such as inclination angle of reflector, height and inclination angle of installation block on which attaches explosive, are investigated by means of numerical simulation.

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In recent years, lightening the material of the car body has been attempted for fuel cost reduction. The aluminum alloy has been used as a countermeasure. However, the forming limit of aluminum alloy is less than steel. Therefore, damage ofthe aluminum alloy happens when the car body is formed using conventional punching methods. However, since aluminum alloy has a special feature, when the strain rate exceeds 1000/s, we proposed use of explosive forming method in which strain rates much more than 1000/s can be obtained. Common practice of explosive forming includes the explosion of an expl...

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In this report, we propose a new explosive welding method, and the welding is performed at employing underwater shock pressure produced by the underwater explosion of an explosive placed at one side almost vertical to the specimen to be welded. In order to prevent the reduction of the shock pressure with the distance away from explosive, a steel reflector is placed over the area of the specimen. The effects of the reflector are investigated based on the experimental results and the process is numerically analyzed results.

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A new method of explosive welding performed by effective application of reflected underwater shock wave In this report, we propose a new explosive welding method, and the welding is performed at employing underwater shock pressure produced by the underwater explosion of an explosive placed at one side almost vertical to the specimen to be welded. In order to prevent the reduction of the shock pressure with the distance away from explosive, a steel reflector is placed over the area of the specimen. The effects of the reflector are investigated based on the experimental results and the process is numerically analyzed results. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

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Basic study on shock loading of cryogenic pressure vessel and piping In recent years, the use of cryogenic fluids as a coolant has been increasing because of the industrial development of low temperature technology. Therefore, the use of the cryogenic pressure vessel and piping become general. LNG-tank, LN2, O2-tank at food factory and medical facilities are given for example. The safety of these pressure containers becomes important all the more. Thermal insulation of these cryogenic vessel and piping is usually carried out by using evacuation. In the cryogenic pressure vessel and piping, reducing the thermal insulation of that by initial small damage, leads to an internal pressure rise and occurring of flashing, and causing secondary crush of pressure vessel and piping also. Then, we conducted experiments with shock loading of commercial tanks and numerical simulation of shock loaded the double wall that contain vacuum layer. When thinking about safety aspects, it is important to consider about the spread of the shock wave in the double wall containing the vacuum layer. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

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Study on explosive forming of a light alloy plate The explosive forming is one of the forming methods of metal plates has been performed since 1950. This method is different from usual static press forming. The metal plate is accelerated by underwater shock wave, which is generated by underwater explosion of an explosive. We have tried the experiment of aluminum alloy forming using this method. In this research, a forming limit for aluminum alloy has been clarified from the experimental results. Then, we have tried the numerical simulation for this method using finite difference method. In this research, two methods for forming aluminum plates using closed metal vessel and paper vessel are introduced and the results of numerical simulations corresponding to those experimental conditions are shown. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

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Adhesion problem of marine organisms often becomes a problem, in the case of ship, marine floating construction and sluice gate of power plant. These make fluid resistance of a hull increase, cause a buoyancy fall, or cause reducing coolant etc. Although these are chiefly removed by manual operation now, immense expense and immense labors, such as personnel expenses and time and effort, are needed. We tried application of an underwater shock wave, in order to solve these problems. Interference of a shock wave and the mechanism of marine organisms exfoliation were explored using the explosiv...

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The explosive forming method is one of the material processing methods. In this method, the shock wave generated by the explosion and propagated through a suitable pressure medium like as a water or air act on a metal plate, a metal tube, etc. It gives a very high strain deformation of the material and finally a suitable plastic deformation. This method is called as a shock bulge forming. The advantages of this method are hard to produce the spring back and a high strain rate material processing. The predominance of shock bulge forming is investigated by comparing with static press bulge fo...

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This investigation deals with the deformation mechanism of a circular metal plate subjected to a uniform shock pressure whose duration is relatively long. The deformation in this case is assumed as two stages. One of them is the deformation produced according to the plastic bending wave propagating from the periphery of the plate to its center, and the other is the bulging deformation of the whole area similar to that generated due to static hydraulic pressure. In this investigation we try to analyze the effect of shock pressure profile on the deformation mechanism using a numerical simulat...

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Exfoliation of Shellfish From Drainpipe of Power Plant Using Underwater Shock Wave Power plants are built along the coastal belts as the coolant, sea water, is available aplenty and cheaper. However, shellfish such as oyster and barnacle, usually, stick to the inside of the pipeline transferring seawater These shellfish often block the pipeline and is disastrous. When these shellfish adheres inside the pipe, they cannot of be removed easily. Chemical treatments are available to reduce this hindrance, but then, it is undesirable as the chemicals create ecological conundrum. Therefore, a novel technique of exfoliating the shellfish from the inside of the pipe using underwater shock waves is proposed. The underwater shock wave is generated by underwater detonation of explosives. An explosive is arranged on the outside of the metal pipe sunk underwater and exploded. The shock waves generated by underwater explosion of explosive, impinges on the metal pipe. The shellfish is exfoliated by the expanding pressure generated by the propagation of the underwater shock wave from the outside to the inside of the metal pipe. To confirm these phenomena some samples of metal to which the shellfish were adhered were collected from the area along the shore, and the underwater experiments were conducted. The explosive was a detonation fuse. The distance from the sample to the explosive (stand-off) was varied. The results of the exfoliation attempt using underwater shock waves are discussed in this paper.

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High Strain Formation of Al Alloy Plate for Car Body Recently, the automotive performance improvement is requested. The fuel cost of the automotive greatly depends on the weight of the car. We can improve the automotive performance by lightening and car. The body material of the car is being replaced from iron with the aluminum base alloy. The fuel cost of the car made by all aluminum base alloy are said about 35.5 km/litter. However the forming of the aluminum base alloy is very difficult due to the limit of the forced restrictions. In this research, the explosive forming of the aluminum base alloy carried out to improve the deformability of them. A very high performance of the explosive forming of the aluminum base alloy is reported.

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Numerical Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Using Underwater Shock Wave In recent years, aluminum alloy is being used to fabricate car bodies. #5000's or 6000's aluminum alloy series is widely employed. However, the sheet metal forming of these materials by the static method, such as the hydro bulge forming and general punching, is very difficult, because the formability characteristics are limited when compared to majority of automobile steels. Hence, the choice of explosive forming is considered for forming these aluminum alloys. Te elongation of aluminum alloy by explosive forming is compared with that obtained by punching. The amount of deformation of aluminum alloy by the explosive forming is found to be larger. In addition, a theoretical elucidation is also done. FDM scheme was employed to solve the numerical simulation. In this simulation the detonation process of the explosive, propagation process and deformation process of aluminum alloy were conducted.

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On Glass Crushing Using Underwater Shock Wave Glass products can be divided as reusable and non reusable. 20% of glass products are non-reusable, and it becomes glass cullet of the bottle raw material after recovery. The utility rate of this glass cullet is low as the processing cost is expensive. Therefore, the new glass cullet generating method using underwater shock wave is proposed in this paper. The underwater shock wave, which acts on a beer glass, was observed using a high speed camera.