The present study investigates how the sawdust material affects the biological treatment and biological clogging in porous media.
Serial data from soil-sawdust column experiments were used to develop a model to describe the biological treatment and biological clogging processes in porous media. A model was developed simulating solute transport with biological treatment in soil-sawdust experimental columns including biological clogging processes. The transport part of the model solves the advection dispersion differential equations and the reaction part describes the heterotrophic metabolisms of several groups of bacteria. To simulate the biological clogging effects, the changes in porosity are calculated by converting biomass into volume, which directly reduces the porosity.
Developed model could be evaluated experiment results. And it is confirmed that sawdust materials could be expected as the materials which could be encouraged biological treatment and improved the hydraulic conductivity.

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.028

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cep.2020.107879

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Promoting aqueous and transport characteristics of highly reactive nanoscale zero valent iron via different layered hydroxide coatings
In this study, nanoscale zero valent iron (Fe-0) was coated with different layered hydroxide coatings (Mg/Al/Ca(OH)(N)) to enhance its suspension stability in aqueous solution and transportability within the porous media. Morphological characteristics, crystallinity and surface elemental composition of the synthesized bare (Fe-0) and coated (C-Fe-0) were investigated using TEM, XRD and SEM-EDS analyses respectively. Suspension stability of Fe-0 and C-Fe-0 suspensions with different [Mg or Al or Ca/Fe: 0.2-1.0 wt/wt] coating ratios was investigated through several sets of 180 min settlement experiments. Moreover, packed-column experiments were conducted to evaluate the mobility of the prepared materials through porous media. Settlement results were highly consistent with mobility investigation, where C-Fe-0 [Mg/Fe](1.0 )showed the best performance in both with around 88% relative suspension efficiency and 93% penetration efficiency (5 times higher than Fe-0). A reciprocal relation was found between particle size, crystallinity and reactivity of the C-Fe-0, where the finest sizes exhibited higher crystallinity and better removal of the two targeted nutrients. Furthermore, the progressive dissolution of the Mg(OH)(2) shell compared with the other coating materials resulted in its superior prolonged reactivity. The presented C-Fe-0 could be promising towards enhanced performance of the reactive nanoparticles in the real water treatment applications.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.145018

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DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112144

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DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111026

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DOI： 10.2208/journalofjsce.7.1_30

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DOI： 10.2208/jscejam.75.2_I_551

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DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.115

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.028

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DOI： 10.1088/1757-899X/454/1/012104

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Phosphorus Removal from Aqueous Solution by SAKURAJIMA Volcanic Ash

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DOI： 10.1007/s11242-018-1124-0

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jece.2018.09.012

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.08.004

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jece.2018.06.069

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cep.2018.06.020

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DOI： 10.1007/s12665-018-7661-6

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DOI： 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.069

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DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/67/1/012004

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DOI： 10.5109/1808449

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.080

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cej.2016.02.052

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cej.2015.11.038

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Publisher：Energy  

This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the improvement of the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of waste sludge (WS) by utilizing Aloe vera waste (AVW) and Fe0 nanoparticles. Accordingly, a series of biogas generation experiments were conducted at different mixing ratios (AVW:WS = 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), to find out the optimum ratio for maximizing biogas generation. To gain insights into the improved biogas generation by the addition of AVW, pH value was monitored during the fermentation process and adjusted to different initial values (3, 7, and 12). Moreover, the effect of different concentrations (10 and 50 mg/L) and dosing times (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h) of Fe0 nanoparticles on the digestion of the optimized ratio (AVW:WS = 2:1) were investigated. Results showed that the optimum ratio (AVW:WS = 2:1) resulted in improving biogas and methane generation by 62.5 % and 96.0 %, respectively, which is an excellent improvement rate of biogas and methane generation compared with the previously reported values in the literature. The addition of Fe0 at the optimum concentration (10 mg/L) and dosing time (12 h) to the optimized ratio (AVW:WS = 2:1) resulted in enhancing methane generation by 146.9 %.

DOI： 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131761

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Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based cathodes have exhibited good electrochemical reactions in all phenyl complex (APC) electrolytes. However, APC electrolytes are highly corrosive and susceptible to oxidation. Alternatively, magnesium fluorinated alkoxyaluminate electrolyte (Mg[Al(HFIP)4]2) is a pioneering chloride-free electrolyte with remarkable electrochemical activity in rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs). This study aims to investigate the compatibility of various MoS2 nanomaterials with Mg[Al(HFIP)4]2 in RMBs. Seven MoS2 nanomaterials were synthesized under different hydro/solvothermal conditions and evaluated as cathode materials in RMBs. The results revealed that the electrochemical activity of the as-synthesized MoS2 in RMBs significantly varied and MoS2 with high content of 1T-phase (M5) exhibited the best specific capacity of ca. 35 mAh g−1. Heteroatom doping, graphene oxide (GO) incorporation, and dual-salt electrolytes were employed to enhance the electrochemical performance of M5. The electrochemical tests showed that all doped-MoS2 and GO-MoS2 delivered poor specific capacities (<20 mAh g−1), properly due to the disorder of the cathode material and the entrapment of Mg2+ ions. In contrast, dual-salt electrolytes (0.3 M Mg[Al(HFIP)4]2/0.3 M LiCl) improved the initial specific capacity by 242 %. This is attributed to the preferential intercalation of Li+ ions that reduces the diffusion energy barrier and facilitates the intercalation of Mg+2 ions.

DOI： 10.1002/batt.202400231

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development  

COVID-19 prevention and control strategies have relied heavily on water. Thus, the goal of this research was to realise how the pandemic changed household water usage and conservation practices. We collected data from 418 participants across Bangladesh using an online survey. Our study revealed that during COVID-19, individuals used more water to wash hands, shower, wash foods after purchasing, and wash clothes than they did previously. However, no significant variations in water conservation were noted between before and during COVID-19. Individuals with a higher level of education, who resided in an urban setting, and had elderly family members in their houses were more likely than others to engage in water consumption while less likely to involve in conservation behaviours during COVID-19. Therefore, households should conserve water by using water-saving technologies, reusing treated water, storing rainwater, and establishing a water-saving culture in their homes to meet future demands.

DOI： 10.1504/IJISD.2024.135259

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising and rapidly evolving discipline, which is mainly applied to convert chemical energy of urban wastewater into electrical energy. Based on past research achievements, iron components (zerovalent iron nanoparticles, Fe^<2+> and Fe^<3+>) has positive enhancements on MFCs by increasing the activity of electroactive bacteria on anode chamber. In this study, the effect of zerovalent iron nanoparticles Fe^<2⁺>, Fe^<3⁺> and their combinations on a lab-scale double chamber MFCs was evaluated. Based on the results achieved, the best performance was 10 mg/L Fe^<2⁺> modified anolyte, which achieved accumulative voltage improvement of 216.8%. Furthermore, it was found that more than 20 mg/L of total iron components reduces the power generation of MFCs and this is deemed excessively high for this application. Lastly, a removal rate of 91.5% for Total Volatile Solids (TVS) was achieved after 30 days of operation.

DOI： 10.5109/7157993

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

Nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) is highly efficient in environmental pollution control technology, owing to its unique zero valent iron core iron oxide surface, which exhibits exceptional adsorption and reduction properties. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the physical and chemical properties of nano iron, with a primary focus on the preparation of nZVI. While nZVI finds extensive application in sewage treatment, it also demonstrates outstanding performance in the remediation of soil organic matter and heavy metal pollution, delivering excellent results and displaying good fluidity.

DOI： 10.5109/7157995

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

Low hydrogen production which is only 10% of the gas production is a disadvantage of bio-hydrogen production in an anaerobic digestion system. The two-stage AD process can achieve hydrogen production and methane production in two reactors respectively. In most studies, the pH of the hydrogen-producing reactor is controlled at 5.5, at this time the main hydrogen-producing bacteria Clostridium butyricum can have the maximum hydrogen production rate. In addition, HRT, temperature, and the concentration of external additives are also important operating conditions for the two-stage AD process. When the added concentration of NZVI is over 30 mM, the methane production process will be inhibited, but the hydrogen production can be promoted. Therefore, how NZVI promotes hydrogen production in the two-stage AD process is still worthy of attention in the future research.

DOI： 10.5109/7157979

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

The aim of this study is to employ machine learning (ML) in providing high-accuracy prediction of Cr(VI) removal efficiency by nickel hydroxide (n-Ni(OH)2) unconventional sorbent, towards the new era of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in (waste)water treatment. Hence, a reliable ML modeling was conducted based on the experimental investigation, considering different reaction parameters, including n-Ni(OH)2 dosage, initial pH, reaction temperature, and initial Cr(VI) concentration. Linear regression model was selected as the suitable regression model with respect to the obtained reasonable correlation and the less training time and evaluation time, comparing to other considered regression techniques. The adopted linear regression model, for the time - corresponding Cr(VI) removal efficiencies, exhibited satisfactory prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the impor- tance of models' coefficients was determined and implied the high importance of the dosage feature. In contrast, the initial concentration feature was significantly crucial at the early stage of the reaction (5-30 min) more than that at the late stage (60-120 min). The contributive effect (%) of the investigated features was mainly concentrated at the early stage of the reaction (5-10 min), with an average range of 50-80 %, which was in agreement with the experimental findings of the rapid and full removal of Cr(VI) by n-Ni(OH)2. The elucidated insights into the effects of different factors that influence Cr(VI) removal process by n-Ni(OH)2 revealed the underlying interactions and removal pathways, which shall benefit other researchers in the preliminary design of pilot-scale applications and anticipating the predicted performance.

DOI： 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122863

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DOI： 10.3389/fnuen.2023.1142823

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Promoting residential water conservation is an important aspect of addressing water shortages caused by the rapidly increasing demand for water in both developed and developing countries. For this purpose, to measure how different social, psychological, and behavioral variables influence individual water use and conservation behavior, a questionnaire survey of 514 Japanese adults was conducted. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of these factors on consumption and conservation practices by con-trolling multiple demographic variables. The suggested model explained 55% and 57% of the variation in water consumption and conservation behavior respectively. Results suggest that families are more likely to adopt water conservation practices and use less water if they have positive attitude, greater awareness and responsibility about water issues, stronger emotions, habits and involvement in water-saving initiatives or campaigns. An ordered logistic regression analysis was also carried out to confirm the robustness of the results.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106816

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Arsenic waste must be carefully managed because of the adverse effects of arsenic in wastewater on the ecosystem. In the present study, an environmentally friendly novel composite of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and nano-zero valent iron (NZVI) was employed as an adsorbent to eliminate arsenic from the aqueous environment. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning elec-tron microscope images were used to characterize and analyze the CV/NZVI composites. Batch tests using initial arsenic concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 mg/L were conducted to evaluate removal efficien-cies. According to kinetic analysis, the best model for fitting the experimental data was the pseudo first-order model, which had the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information cri-terion (BIC) values of-23.878 and-7.902, respectively. Results alluded that physisorption is the primary mechanism influenced by As-removal by CV/NZVI composite. Due to the negative sign of the enthalpy and Gibbs free energy, the thermodynamic investigation revealed that the adsorption reaction was exothermic and spontaneous. The thermodynamic analysis also affirmed that the arsenic removal process involved primarily physisorption and slight chemisorption phenomena. Meanwhile, 1.5 g/L CV/NZVI dosage achieved 99 % As(V) removal efficiency in synthetic groundwater systems, confirming the high potential of the composite in complex aqueous systems.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121005

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA  

Chromium (VI) contamination in groundwater represents a significant threat to the current and future groundwater resources. Thus, in this work detailed investigation was conducted on the injection of magnesium hydroxide encapsulated iron nanoparticles (nFe0@Mg(OH)2) into a 3-D bench-scale groundwater treatment system for Cr(VI) removal. Cr(VI) and total iron concentration profiles were determined for the injection of both nFe0 and nFe0@Mg(OH)2 into porous media. The results indicated the expected poor mobility of nFe0, which caused the accumulation of the injected mass within the injection zone and the low spreading range along the length of the aquifer. The injection of nFe0@Mg(OH)2 into the groundwater treatment system for 80 consecutive cycles resulted in a clear enhancement in preventing the rapid corrosion of the iron core and around 20% improvement in the final Cr(VI) removal efficiency compared with that of nFe0. The injected nFe0@Mg(OH)2 maintained the 100% Cr(VI) removal efficiency for 30 post-injection cycles. Such a promising potential of the nFe0@Mg(OH)2, proposed it as one of the perfect candidates for in-situ water treatment applications, as a reactive nanomaterial with enhanced features, in terms of the prolonged reactive performance and the widespread of the injection zone to cover a larger contaminated area within the porous media.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cej.2022.138718

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

This study aims to conduct statistical optimization of nZVI synthesis parameters towards the removal efficiency of phosphorus (P) and nitrate (NO3-), considering for the first time the cost-effectiveness index. The detailed statistical analysis was implemented to evaluate the main effects and interactions of eight synthesis parameters, including reductant concentration (RC), reductant delivery rate (RDR), reductant liquid volume (RLV), pH, aging time (AGT), mixing speed (MS), temperature (T), and precursor concentration (PC). Results revealed that the experimental optimization of the synthesis factors improved the removal efficiency of NO3- and P by 27 and 9%, respectively, with respect to that before the optimization. ANOVA statistical results indicated the significance of RP (%) and [Formula: see text] (%) models with F-values of 4.480 × 108 and 23,755.08, respectively. Moreover, the p-values of all the eight main linear effects were less than 0.05 in both two models of RP (%) and [Formula: see text] (%). However, most of the interaction parameters were not statistically significant (higher than 0.05) in the case of [Formula: see text] (%), which is unlike RP (%) where all interaction parameters were statistically significant (less than 0.05). The normal probability plots of factors effects provided significant evidence of the significance of the investigated parameters RC had the highest positive statistically significant effect on RP (%) followed by RLV, RDR, MS and T. In case of [Formula: see text] (%), RLV had the highest positive significant effect, followed by AGT > RDR > pH > T > MS. The cost-effective optimal constraints in this study resulted in the best economically optimized values of the nZVI synthesis parameters in terms of higher reactivity and reduced synthesis cost.

DOI： 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137176

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Review of Civil Engineering  

– This paper aims to comprehend the sensitivity effect of the electrode density combined with the total suspended solids on the improvement of the turbidity’ removal. To this extent, three electro-coagulation lab-scale reactors (300 mm in length, 100 mm in width and 350 mm in height) equipped with aluminium made electrodes have been built to conduct the experiments with a test volume of 9 L. Consequently, the results have revealed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and turbidity are 54.65 %, 71.93% and 34.27% respectively for the reactor No.1. Regarding reactor No.2, the chemical oxygen demand, the total suspended solids, and the Turbidity's removal efficiency are 51.24%, 65.24% and 47.13%, respectively. Finally, the removal efficiencies in reactor No.3 are 54.65 %, 71.93% and 34.27%, respectively, for the chemical oxygen demand, the total suspended solids and the Turbidity, which led to considering implementing a full-scale electrocoagulation process in El Kerma wastewater treatment plant. Moreover, the results obtained have allowed developing statistically a quadratic polynomial model to describe the effluent turbidity. The model outcomes have showed an acceptable coefficient of determination with a significant corresponding probability of < 0.05 regarding the electrode density. Copyright © 2023 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l.-All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.15866/irece.v14i1.21855

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Despite the carcinogenic and other adverse health effects of chloramphenicol (CAP), it is frequently detected in different water sources (e.g., groundwater, surface water, wastewater effluents, etc.) due to ongoing, illegal, and abusive application of CAP in veterinary medicine. Although extensive research has been carried out to develop effective treatment technologies to remove the persistent CAP from aqueous mediums, yet there is no critical review of these studies to the best of our reach This review will be the first in the literature to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art treatment techniques for CAP removal from water. We report the removal of CAP by adsorption, biodegradation, nanoscale zerovalent iron technology (nZVI), and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The result shows that carbon-based adsorbents have more q(max) equal 892.86 mg/g for Porous carbon material from Enteromorpha prolifera. The Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics model were reported to best describe the isotherm and kinetic model respectively. Removing the CAP via biodegradation would achieve the advantages of low operating costs, and environmental friendliness. The process of AOPs among the various treatment options can be a promising method for CAP degradation in water. This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art treatment techniques for CAP removal from water. Particularly, serving as an inclusive reference for future researchers to easily define the research gabs in the literature and plan for their future work in developing novel treatment methods to decontaminate CA-contaminated waters. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120726

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Due to synthesis variation affecting various graphene oxide (GO) physicochemical parameters and cost efficiency aspects, the present study investigated the influence of GO precursor components for GO precipitated nZVI nanocomposite (nZVI/GO) and optimized removal conditions to remove chloramphenicol (CAP) from water. In order to synthesize nZVI/GO nanocomposites, four methods of GO precursor synthesis were used, denoted GO1, GO2, GO3, and GO4. A novel synthesis process is introduced based on economic and time-less-consuming protocols to produce GO precursor. A series of desorption experiments were also implemented in various eluents to clarify the CAP removal mechanism. Interestingly, this study demonstrated the substantial impact of GO precursor on the nanocomposite performance in eliminating CAP. The introduced novel GO successfully served as an excellent nZVI precipitation medium and enhanced CAP removal efficiency. Empirical optimization demonstrated that nZVI/GO4-1:1 could eliminate up to 91 % of 100 mg/L CAP by dosage as low as 0.25 g/L at pH 5. nZVI/GO4 displayed CAP removal stability throughout a more comprehensive pH range, and remarkable recyclability, making it more promising and practical than bare nZVI and other analyzed nanocomposites. Kinetics data demonstrated a high degree of compatibility with the pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-secondorder (PSO). Through kinetics and statistical analyses, desorption experiments, FTIR spectroscopy, and EDX analysis, nZVI/GO4 removed some of the CAP through the adsorption mechanism controlled by physisorption and chemisorption. In contrast, the oxidation mechanism eliminated the remaining CAP.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103289

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

This study investigates the role of coated/Fe^0 in improving the anaerobic digestion process for the purpose of increasing methane gas production rate as one of the renewable sources of energy. Up until now, the anaerobic digestion of methane production by utilizing different environmental wastes is facing many challenges including the low conversion of biomass into energy. Therefore, in this work, we used the coated/Fe^0 with magnesium hydroxide as an additive during the anaerobic digestion of waste sludge. Two semi-continuous bioreactors were operated with and without adding the coated/Fe^0 over 70 days. The result showed that the addition of coated/Fe^0 enhanced methane production by 120% compared with the control reactor. The experimental and predicted methane values have proved the great potential of coated/Fe0 towards the practical applications of AD process.

DOI： 10.5109/5909106

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

DOI： 10.5109/5909051

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

To address water scarcity, treated wastewater has been demonstrated to be a more practical and environmentally beneficial solution than untreated wastewater. Nowadays, it is well acknowledged that social marketing and advocacy are inefficient at getting people to use recycled water. It is widely understood that the key components of any reuse project's success are public attitudes and acceptance of water reuse. This paper aims to present a summary of the literature on water reuse, with a focus on issues that may influence how the public perceives water reuse. In this study, a variety of social, psychological, and demographic variables are linked to higher levels of public support for wastewater use. The level of knowledge in this field is included in the conclusion, along with advanced suggestions and policy implications for improving our understanding of the socio-psychological and technological forces behind water reuse for multiple applications.

DOI： 10.5109/5909097

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

The adsorption of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) from natural water and wastewater could be challenging due to the presence of competing compounds and elements. This study illustrates the negative influence of ionic strength, coexisting ions, and natural organic matter on the adsorption of CIP by oxalate-modified zerovalent iron nanoparticles (Fe0/oxalate). The results showed that the ionic strength of aqueous solution slightly decreased CIP removal efficiency from 95.43% to 85.23% after increasing sodium chloride concentration to 100 mM. On the contrary, the competence of (Fe0/oxalate) nanoparticles in adsorbing CIP slightly dropped from 95.43% to 94.42% due to the increase of humic acid from 0 to 40 mg L-1. Also, the outcomes conclude that the inhibitory effect of 10 mM of coexisting ions was ranked as follows: K+ < CO3 2– < Ca2+ < SO₄2– < NO3 – <Mg2+.

DOI： 10.5109/5909063

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

It is important to explain the subsurface geological structures in some active regions in Egypt, especially to estimate the fault activity. The present work is aimed to delineate the subsurface structural setting in Marsa Alam region, Eastern Desert, Egypt. In this research, magnetotelluric (MT) method will be applied to investigate the active subsurface structures. MT technique can detect the crustal fluids along active faults due to their high electrical conductivity anomalies. For this study, we conducted MT data using ADU-07 instruments in a net concentrating around the active faults in Marsa Alam area. The major strike direction of the studied area was determined based on the advanced analysis techniques of MT impedance tensor such as polar impedance plots, tipper, skew and two-dimensional inversion. The analysis and interpretation of MT data gave reasonable results about the subsurface structure of the selected studied active area.

DOI： 10.5109/5909128

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

Antibiotics are pharmaceutical emerging contaminants (ECs) that contaminate the environment and jeopardize public health. More dangerously, the widespread consumption of antibiotics and their impact on water contamination foster the formation and evolution of antibiotic-resistant genes in microbes. Graphene Oxide (GO) is an emerging carbon material with a great potential to operate as an adsorbent to remove antibiotics from water due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Thus, this study briefly reviews topics related to antibiotic removal from water using GO-based materials. This research also summarizes the benefits of GO structural properties, adsorption mechanisms, and the affinity of the GO synthesis method to the quality of the GO produced.

DOI： 10.5109/5909114

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Over the last few decades, engineering nanomaterials (ENMs) have been incorporated into a variety of commercially-available consumer products (CPs). Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP ( are the most used ENMs in CPs, mainly due to their antibacterial properties. To better understand the fate, transport, and environmental impacts of AgNPs, many studies have been conducted. However, this research has been focused mainly on pristine AgNPs either lab-synthesized or purchased commercially. While these studies have contributed greatly to a better understanding of AgNP toxicology, they have not addressed the environmental concerns associated with AgNP release from CPs. This review assesses previously published work on routes of environmental exposure, characterization techniques, potential ecological risks of AgNPs, and the identification of available toxicity assays for AgNPs in CPs. A major objective of this review is to summarize and identify key issues, knowledge gaps, and potential directions for future research related to AgNPs released from CPs.

DOI： 10.5109/5909062

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Water conservation is vital to safeguard future water availability when natural resources like water become extremely scarce. It is fundamental to understand the significant determinants of water conservation activities which can also facilitate the implementation of appropriate policies for water demand management. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the important social, psychological, and behavioral factors of water conservation behavior. A questionnaire survey was used to collect the data from 625 international students and employees from different universities in Japan. The structural equation modeling demonstrated that the proposed model explained 46% of the variation in water conservation behavior. Awareness of water issues was highly related to attitude, responsibility, and culture. Except for culture, attitude and responsibility were significantly connected with emotion. Finally, emotion, habit, culture and involvement were significantly and positively associated with water conservation behavior. These factors are incorporated for the first time in this study into a single model to better understand individual water conservation behavior. The sequential regression model showed that all determinants including demographic factors raised the variation's proportion by 53% in water conservation. Female participants had a significantly higher positive attitude, emotion, and water conservation behavior than male participants. Older participants exhibited higher levels of awareness, habit, culture, and water conservation behavior when compared to younger people. Lastly, participants believed that the most dominant component in water conservation behavior was the awareness of water issues. These findings could assist policymakers in raising household awareness, accountability, and involvement towards water conservation efforts.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115484

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

Water contamination by ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a global and emerging issue because it increases the risk of infection by antimicrobial resistant bacteria. CIP removal from water by iron nanoparticles (Fe0) with the presence of oxalate hasn't been reported yet. The present study demonstrated that the addition of oxalate to Fe0 nanoparticles improved the removal of 100 mg L−1 of CIP from 45.04% to 95.74% under the following optimum conditions: [Fe0] = 0.3 g L−1, [oxalate] = 0.3 mM, initial pH = 7, and temperature = 25 ℃. Furthermore, the experimental results illustrated that high concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the aqueous solution greatly decreased the removal efficiency of CIP by (Fe0/oxalate) system from 97.69% (N2 atmosphere) to 67.47%. Similarly, the performance of (Fe0/oxalate) system declined from 95.43% to 85.23% because of increasing the ionic strength of the solution from 0 to 100 mM. In contrast, the influence of humic acid (0 – 40 mg L−1) on the removal of CIP by (Fe0/oxalate) system was neglectable. Also, the negative impact of coexisting ions on the competence of (Fe0/oxalate) system was in the following order: Mg2+ > NO3– > SO₄2- > Ca2+ > CO32– > K+. In addition, the desorption experiments and the results of SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR revealed that physisorption and chemisorption were responsible for CIP removal by (Fe0/oxalate) system as the addition of 0.3 mM of oxalate boosted the surface complexation between Fe0 nanoparticles and the carboxylic, ketone, and piperazinyl groups in CIP. These results were supported by the outcomes of kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic analysis. Moreover, oxalate addition significantly reduced the treatment cost of 1 L of 100 mg L−1 of CIP and the generated sludge by approximately 55.68% and 57%, respectively. Finally, this study proved that (Fe0/oxalate) system is inexpensive, practical, and more efficient than most of the reported Fe0-based systems with a maximum adsorption capacity of 294.66 mg g−1.

DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119323

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH  

Graphene-based materials have emerged as alternative adsorbents, but their success in removing pharmaceutical contaminants has been limited due to degradation caused by restacking and limited control over their sizes and porosities. Driven by this issue, in the current study, to counteract the restacking behavior, graphene sheets are supported on a thread/rod-like matrix structure in a boron nitride foam material, and a novel porous composite foam-supported graphene is synthesized. The as-prepared novel composite offers extraordinary features, such as high absorption kinetics, large available surface area, high porosity (>98%), ecofriendliness and cost-effective synthesis, and excellent affinity to emerging pharmaceutical contaminants. When batch-testing graphene-based foam material and porous graphene nanosheets to remove gemfibrozil (GEM) from wastewater samples, rapid adsorption kinetics (<5 min) are exhibited by the graphenebased foam. Column filter studies are conducted for both materials to test their performance in removing GEM from distilled water, synthetic graywater, and actual wastewater. Overall, the foam composite-based filter marginally outperforms the sand-supported graphene filter and significantly outperforms the unsupported graphene filter. A numerical MATLAB model is developed to simulate the reactive solute transport of GEM influent through the foam filter. Also, a formal sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key parameters influencing the model results.

DOI： 10.1002/adsu.202200016

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

Chromium (VI) water contamination still represents a great risk to human health. Consequently, the need for unconventional adsorbents with remarkable sorption abilities is dramatically increasing. Hence, in this study, nickel hydroxide nanoplates (nNiHs) were developed to achieve rapid and significant Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. nNiHs showed an average particle size and crystallite size of 36.8 nm and 8.68 nm, respectively. Different reaction parameters were investigated, including nNiHs dosage, pH, reaction temperature, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and co-existing anions. nNiHs could efficiently remove 20 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration over a wide pH and temperature range(s) (5.0–9.0) and (25–75 °C), respectively. Pseudo 2nd order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model were the best to fit experimental data. A maximum Cr(VI) sorption capacity of 71.25 mg/g was achieved at the optimal reaction conditions (pH 5.0, temperature 25 °C, and dosage 2 g/L), comparable to the previously reported values. The governing Cr(VI) removal mechanism by nNiHs involved the high dominance of electrostatic adsorption and the low dominance of co-precipitation. The high sorption potential of the nNiHs and the high affinity of the aqueous Cr(VI) species, enabled the proposed adsorbent to yield an efficient performance in binary environmental systems.

DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119216

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

In this study, the reactive performance of magnesium hydroxide-coated iron nanoparticles (Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2)) was investigated for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. Short-and long-term progressive-release of Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2) reactivity was evaluated through several batch tests. The Multifunctional effect of the environmentally-friendly Mg(OH)(2) coating shell was represented by the progressive shell-dissolution in water and preventing the rapid corrosion of Fe-0-core, which resulted in a controlled release of Fe0 reactivity towards Cr(VI). Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2) showed good performance in preserving Fe-0 long-term reactivity within a wide range of pH (3.0 - 9.0) and temperature (15-55 ?). The long-term investigation of Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2) performance towards Cr(VI) removal confirmed the progressive and maintained reactivity, represented by the continuous release of Fe(0 )electrons, to achieve 100% removal efficiency of 40 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration over 50 days reaction time, to be reported for the first time in the literature. Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2) showed high regeneration abilities up to 5 cycles with 1.36 times average enhancement in Cr(VI) removal efficiency compared to that of Fe-0. Moreover, Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2 )achieved an increase in the shelf-live longevity performance up to 30 days without any storing solution with 90% final Cr(VI) removal efficiency after 180 min reaction time.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107431

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Publisher：Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering  

In this study, the reactive performance of magnesium hydroxide-coated iron nanoparticles (Fe @Mg(OH)2) was investigated for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. Short-and long-term progressive-release of Fe @Mg(OH)2 reactivity was evaluated through several batch tests. The Multi-functional effect of the environmentally-friendly Mg(OH)2 coating shell was represented by the progressive shell-dissolution in water and preventing the rapid corrosion of Fe-core, which resulted in a controlled release of Fe reactivity towards Cr(VI). Fe @Mg(OH)2 showed good performance in preserving Fe long-term reactivity within a wide range of pH (3.0-9.0) and temperature (15-55 oC). The long-term investigation of Fe @Mg(OH)2 performance towards Cr(VI) removal confirmed the progressive and maintained reactivity, represented by the continuous release of Fe electrons, to achieve 100% removal efficiency of 40 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration over 50 days reaction time, to be reported for the first time in the literature. Fe @Mg(OH)2 showed high regeneration abilities up to 5 cycles with 1.36 times average enhancement in Cr(VI) removal efficiency compared to that of Fe. Moreover, Fe @Mg(OH)2 achieved an increase in the shelf-live longevity performance up to 30 days without any storing solution with 90% final Cr(VI) removal efficiency after 180 min reaction time.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107431

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107431

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

In response to the low efficiency of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process in generating methane gas, we apply for the first time the use of coated/Fe-0 with Mg(OH)(2) to enhance the production rate of methane gas from the degradation of waste sludge. A series of batch tests investigated several operations factors followed by a semi continuous operation system examined the long-term production of methane gas in the presence of the coated/Fe0 were performed. The coating ratio of Mg(OH)(2)/Fe-0 and the dosage of coated/Fe0 were optimized to acquire the highest production rate of methane as 0.5% and 25mg/gVS, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the methane production increased by 46.6% in the batch tests and 120% in the semi-continuous operation system compared to the control reactor. The results revealed that both Fe-0 and Mg(OH)(2) did not significantly improve the production of methane when each one was used alone at different dosages, and the improved methane production originated from the synergetic effect of combining these two materials. The crucial role of Mg(OH)(2) coating layer was associated with the controlled reactivity release of Fe0, which was indicated by the slow release of Fe2+ and Fe3(+) in the bioreactors. Furthermore, the addition of coated/Fe-0 stimulated bacterial growth, increased methane content, and maintained the pH within the optimum range in the bioreactors. The dosing time of coated/Fe-0 was investigated during the four stages of AD process, and the best dosing time was found in the methanogenic stage (on Day 4). Overall, based on the experimental and predicted methane production, the coated/Fe-0 has a great potential for the practical applications of AD.

DOI： 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112192

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

In this study, calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al-CLDH) was successfully synthesized for boron (B) removal from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted considering various reaction conditions, including initial pH, reaction temperature, initial B concentration, Mg-Al-CLDH dosage, ambient condition, and co-existing ions effect, for optimizing B removal efficiency. Results showed that sorption kinetic rate became higher by approaching towards the neutral pH conditions, while it declined at the strong acidic or alkaline conditions. Mg-Al-CLDH was capable of removing high B concentration (80 mg/L) from aqueous solutions at a reasonable dosage of 2 g/L, with a comparable sorption capacity (22.1 mg/g) to other reported studies. Moreover, high B removal rates were observed at high reaction temperatures, reflecting the endothermic nature of the reaction, and reached equilibrium within less than 6 h at temperature of 70 degrees C. Moreover, results of 3D-RSM modeling confirmed that the middle-high range of Mg-Al-CLDH dosage values was the suitable range to achieve high B removal efficiency, in spite of pH, temperature, and initial concentration effects. Furthermore, isotherm modeling confirmed that B removal by Mg-Al-CLDH occurred via a mono-layer sorption, and thermodynamic modeling revealed the positive value of entropy change, indicating that the randomness of the solid/ liquid interaction increased within the adsorption process of B. Spent Mg-Al-CLDH showed great reusability performance by achieving 67%-75% B removal efficiency over three consecutive regeneration cycles, confirming the high potential and applicability of the presented adsorbent in real water treatment applications.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102608

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

The antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) is recognized as a contaminant of emerging concern because its persistent occurrence in water accelerates the growth of deadly antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs). For the first time, the conventional precipitation technique was thermally modified to produce hybrid magnesium hydroxide/magnesium oxide nanorods [Mg(OH)(2)/MgO] for efficient and rapid adsorption of CIP from water. The successful synthesis of Mg(OH)(2)/MgO was confirmed by the outcomes of TEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR analysis. Mg(OH)(2)/MgO exhibited an extraordinary capability to adsorb CIP from water regardless of CIP initial concentration where more than 97% of 200 mg L-1 of CIP was promptly eliminated within 30 min by 0.1 g L-1 of Mg(OH)(2)/MgO under neutral pH and room temperature. These results clearly state that Mg(OH)(2)/MgO is at least 2-fold efficient and 20-fold faster in removing CIP than the reported nanomaterials with exceptional adsorption capacity higher than 1789 mg g(-1). FTIR analysis for the spent Mg(OH)(2)/MgO revealed that bridging complexation with carboxylic group and electrostatic attraction with the positive amine group are the responsible mechanisms for CIP adsorption by Mg(OH)(2)/MgO. Moreover, simulated CIP-contaminated river water was efficiently treated by Mg (OH)(2)/MgO which proves the promising performance of Mg(OH)(2)/MgO in field scale applications.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130949

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Publisher：Water Practice and Technology  

The development of antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs) in water was globally accelerated due to the occurrence of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. This study aims to precipitate iron nanoparticles (Fe0) on the surface of titanium nanowires (TNWs) through a chemical process to overcome the limitations of Fe0 and efficiently remove CIP from water. TEM and XRD results confirmed the successful synthesis of Fe0 and TNWs. They also proved the successful deposition and dispersion of Fe0 on TNWs. Several (Fe0/TNW) nanocomposites were synthesised with different percentages of TNWs (5, 10, 20, 30, and 50%) to define the best TNWs ratio that will decrease the aggregation of Fe0 nanoparticles and achieve an outstanding removal efficiency of CIP. (Fe0/TNW) nanocomposite with 20% of TNW was nominated as the best nanocomposite because it demonstrated a promising performance, compared with other nanocomposites, by removing more than 67% of CIP with insignificant desorption behaviour during the treatment period (120 min). Dosage of (20%-Fe0/TNW), initial pH of CIP solution and reaction temperature were optimized through a group of batch experiments to efficiently remove CIP from water. The optimum removal of CIP was obtained by 1 g L-1 of (20%-Fe0/TNW) nanocomposite at initial pH of 7 under 35 °C.

DOI： 10.2166/wpt.2021.091

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Language：English   Publisher：Chemosphere  

The aim of the present study is developing a magnetic nanoscale zero-valent iron/zeolite (nZVI/Z) composite towards the efficient removal of ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+-N) from aqueous solutions. Series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different factors on the removal efficiency, including pH effect, aerobic/anaerobic, NH4+-N initial concentration, and temperature. The mixing mass ratio of nZVI/Z was optimized to reach the optimal ratio (0.25 g nZVI: 0.75 g zeolite), corresponding to the best removal efficiency of 85.7% after 120 min of reaction. Results revealed that nZVI/Z is efficient for NH4+-N removal from water at a wide pH range (3.0–10.0), with superiority to the neutral conditions. Moreover, aerobic ambient and normal temperature of 25 °C were the optimal conditions for the removal process of NH4+-N. Removal mechanisms involved electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and adsorption. Generally, nZVI/Z has great potential towards the practical applications of NH4+-N removal from water.

DOI： 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131990

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PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this study, the reactive performance of magnesium hydroxide-coated iron nanoparticles (Fe @Mg(OH)2) was investigated for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. Short-and long-term progressive-release of Fe @Mg(OH)2 reactivity was evaluated through several batch tests. The Multi-functional effect of the environmentally-friendly Mg(OH)2 coating shell was represented by the progressive shell-dissolution in water and preventing the rapid corrosion of Fe-core, which resulted in a controlled release of Fe reactivity towards Cr(VI). Fe @Mg(OH)2 showed good performance in preserving Fe long-term reactivity within a wide range of pH (3.0-9.0) and temperature (15-55 oC). The long-term investigation of Fe @Mg(OH)2 performance towards Cr(VI) removal confirmed the progressive and maintained reactivity, represented by the continuous release of Fe electrons, to achieve 100% removal efficiency of 40 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration over 50 days reaction time, to be reported for the first time in the literature. Fe @Mg(OH)2 showed high regeneration abilities up to 5 cycles with 1.36 times average enhancement in Cr(VI) removal efficiency compared to that of Fe. Moreover, Fe @Mg(OH)2 achieved an increase in the shelf-live longevity performance up to 30 days without any storing solution with 90% final Cr(VI) removal efficiency after 180 min reaction time.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107431

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.894.261

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s12665-012-1789-6

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.apm.2011.04.040

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Kinetic Model of Arsenic Sorption onto Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI)
This study investigated the mechanisms involved in removing arsenic from water using zero-valent iron (ZVI) as sorbent. Relatively limited information is available on the kinetics aspects of sorption of arsenic compounds onto ZVI. In order to gain an understanding of the sorption kinetics, a detailed study was conducted in a controlled batch test and developed sorption kinetic model.The effects of different arsenic concentrations on the kinetics sorption rates of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) were investigated. Arsenic(V) was removed by two mechanisms-surface adsorption and co-precipitation with Fe(III) on ZVI, while arsenic(III) was removed by adsorption on ZVI and oxidized to arsenic(V). Reaction rate constants were calculated for arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) at different concentrations by a second-order kinetic model.The results indicate that ZVI could be employed as sorbent materials to enhance the adsorption and co-precipitation processes to improve the removal rate of arsenic from water. The results also showed that the arsenic(III) oxidized to arsenic(V), while the analyses indicated that there was no measurable reduction of arsenic(V) to arsenic(III).

DOI： 10.1007/s12403-010-0030-7

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Modeling of solute transport and biological sulfate reduction using low cost electron donor
Serial data from soil-sawdust column experiments were used to develop a mathematical model to describe the biological sulfate reduction processes in porous media. The mathematical model numerically solves the equation of solute transport in one-dimensional saturated state. Solute transport is coupled to sulfate reducing bacteria sub model. Bacterial growth is assumed to follow double Monod kinetic equation. Two bacterial groups (X1 and X2) were described. Bacterial group X1 uses under aerobic conditions oxygen and under anaerobic conditions nitrate as electron acceptor. Under anaerobic conditions bacterial groups X2, use sulfate as an electron acceptor. Sulfate rich wastewater is usually deficient in electron donor and requires external addition of electron donors in order to achieve complete sulfate reduction. The organic carbon as electron donor is one of the most important factors that affect sulfate reduction bacterial activity. In this study the possible source of organic carbon is the solid organic carbon supplied to the system in the form of sawdust. The results of this study indicate that sawdust could be employed as low-cost materials to enhance the biological sulfate reduction processes in porous media. While the availability of organic carbon as electron donor is one of the most important factors that affect the sulfate reducing bacterial activity in porous media, this study demonstrates that using sawdust as a carbon source can improve the bacterial activity and increase the column permeability.

DOI： 10.1007/s00254-008-1258-4

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5917/jagh1987.50.275

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11270-008-9731-y

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2208/prohe.51.19

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Event date： 2012.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Los Angeles   Country：United States  

Event date： 2010.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Kyushu university   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Biosorption of Arsenic from Contaminated Water: Composite of Algae and Fe-Nano Particles
Arsenic poisoning has been a great concern for the last two decades because of its extensive problems. Coagulation, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, and adsorption systems have been used for the removal of arsenic from polluted water. In this study, the biosorption process was used owing to eco-friendly, simplicity, biodegradable, and cost effectiveness. The uptake of arsenic from contaminated water by Ulva lactuca, Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, orange peel, NZVI, zeolite, and composite of NZVI and algae was studied. This study observed that Chlorella vulgaris and iron coated Chlorella vulgaris absorb arsenic more effectively than other algae and iron coated algae. After 24 hours, Chlorella vulgaris and Fe-coated Chlorella vulgaris absorbs 23% and 67% arsenic from contaminated water, respectively. The presented findings depicted the great potential of using bio-sorbents and the Fe-algae bio-composite for the removal of arsenic from contaminated aqueous solutions.

Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Understanding the Effect of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in Generating Electricity from Real Waste Sludge in Microbial Fuel Cells
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a versatile technology for power generation from biodegradable solid wastes. This study aimed to investigate Fe(II) and Fe(III) effects on MFC's power generation and wastewater treatment performance. All MFCs were operated in a batch mode and incubated at a constant temperature (40 ℃) for 45 days of operation. The experimental procedure went through MFCs construction, collection and characterization of waste sludge samples, and bacterial growth counting. Results showed that the Fe(III) addition exhibited a higher power output by 295 % and a shorter start-up time. The microbial growth increased by 92.18 %, and the anolyte's resistivity decreased with an increase in the organic matter digestion by 52.78 %. However, the amount of power generated in these MFCs was limited by the biological Fe(III) reduction rate high enough to restrict the produced current.

Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Radionuclides Removal from Aqueous Solutions: A Mini Review on Using Different Sorbents
In this study, mini review is presented on the use of different sorbents for radionuclides removal of from water. Four sorbents categories were considered: carbon-based, nanomaterials, bio-sorbents, and miscellaneous sorbents. Carbon-based sorbents showed excellent removal performance towards radionuclides, owing to the high specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. While Fe0 and Fe0-based composites was found to exhibit rapid sorption rate, high removal capacity, and strong redox performance for radionuclides, indicating that such nanomaterials can be very promising for in-situ removal of radionuclides, once their drawbacks (aggregation and poor mobility) are overcome. The use of bio-sorbents showed high potential of such materials to remediate radioactive contaminated water under specific environmental conditions. The critical review in this study shall represent a great contribution to the potential researchers and decision makers choosing the highly efficient, feasible, and environmentally friendly sorbents for the removal of radionuclides from aqueous solutions.

Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Mini Review on Recent Applications of Nanotechnology in Nutrient and Heavy Metals Removal from Contaminated Water
Several toxic substances, such as nutrients, heavy metals, radionuclides, and pharmaceuticals, are continuously discharging to the environment, as a result of unaccountable industrial and agricultural activities, and contaminating huge quantities of soil and water. Nanotechnology was employed over the past years to remediate the contaminated waters and clean the environment from these pollutants to protect the life on the planet. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is one of the most applied nanomaterials in the field of water and wastewater treatment and it is extensively utilized to remove a wide range of contaminants from water. Thus, this mini review intends to summarize the latest applications of nZVI and its composites in eliminating several nutrients and heavy metals, namely nitrate (NO3-), phosphorous (P), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As).

Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Investigating the Effect of Commercial and Synthesized Fe^0 particles on Methane Production Through the Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Sludge
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established technology that converts organic wastes to produce renewable energy as methane gas. However, the low conversion efficiency of organic matter to methane gas is the main challenge for the practical application of this technology. Therefore, this article aims to demonstrate the effect of the addition of commercial and synthesized Fe0 particles on methane gas production during the AD of waste sludge. Two set of experiments were conducted using two different waste sludges collected at different times from Fukuoka wastewater treatment plant in Japan. Different concentrations of commercial and synthesized iron particles were used in the anaerobic digesters ranged from 1 to 500 mg/L. The results should that the addition of the synthesized/Fe^0 particles to the anaerobic digesters improved methane production by 16% and 5% at using the first and second waste sludge, respectively. On the other hand, the addition of the commercial iron particles did not improve the production of methane gas.

Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Arsenic poisoning has been a great concern for the last two decades because of its extensive problems. Coagulation, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, and adsorption systems have been used for the removal of arsenic from polluted water. In this study, the biosorption process was used owing to eco-friendly, simplicity, biodegradable, and cost effectiveness. The uptake of arsenic from contaminated water by Ulva lactuca, Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, orange peel, NZVI, zeolite, and composite of NZVI and algae was studied. This study observed that Chlorella vulgaris and iron coated Chlorella vulgaris absorb arsenic more effectively than other algae and iron coated algae. After 24 hours, Chlorella vulgaris and Fe-coated Chlorella vulgaris absorbs 23% and 67% arsenic from contaminated water, respectively. The presented findings depicted the great potential of using bio-sorbents and the Fe-algae bio-composite for the removal of arsenic from contaminated aqueous solutions.

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Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a versatile technology for power generation from biodegradable solid wastes. This study aimed to investigate Fe(II) and Fe(III) effects on MFC's power generation and wastewater treatment performance. All MFCs were operated in a batch mode and incubated at a constant temperature (40 ℃) for 45 days of operation. The experimental procedure went through MFCs construction, collection and characterization of waste sludge samples, and bacterial growth counting. Results showed that the Fe(III) addition exhibited a higher power output by 295 % and a shorter start-up time. The microbial growth increased by 92.18 %, and the anolyte's resistivity decreased with an increase in the organic matter digestion by 52.78 %. However, the amount of power generated in these MFCs was limited by the biological Fe(III) reduction rate high enough to restrict the produced current.

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Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

In this study, mini review is presented on the use of different sorbents for radionuclides removal of from water. Four sorbents categories were considered: carbon-based, nanomaterials, bio-sorbents, and miscellaneous sorbents. Carbon-based sorbents showed excellent removal performance towards radionuclides, owing to the high specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. While Fe0 and Fe0-based composites was found to exhibit rapid sorption rate, high removal capacity, and strong redox performance for radionuclides, indicating that such nanomaterials can be very promising for in-situ removal of radionuclides, once their drawbacks (aggregation and poor mobility) are overcome. The use of bio-sorbents showed high potential of such materials to remediate radioactive contaminated water under specific environmental conditions. The critical review in this study shall represent a great contribution to the potential researchers and decision makers choosing the highly efficient, feasible, and environmentally friendly sorbents for the removal of radionuclides from aqueous solutions.

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Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Several toxic substances, such as nutrients, heavy metals, radionuclides, and pharmaceuticals, are continuously discharging to the environment, as a result of unaccountable industrial and agricultural activities, and contaminating huge quantities of soil and water. Nanotechnology was employed over the past years to remediate the contaminated waters and clean the environment from these pollutants to protect the life on the planet. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is one of the most applied nanomaterials in the field of water and wastewater treatment and it is extensively utilized to remove a wide range of contaminants from water. Thus, this mini review intends to summarize the latest applications of nZVI and its composites in eliminating several nutrients and heavy metals, namely nitrate (NO3-), phosphorous (P), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As).

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Event date： 2021.10

Language：English  

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established technology that converts organic wastes to produce renewable energy as methane gas. However, the low conversion efficiency of organic matter to methane gas is the main challenge for the practical application of this technology. Therefore, this article aims to demonstrate the effect of the addition of commercial and synthesized Fe0 particles on methane gas production during the AD of waste sludge. Two set of experiments were conducted using two different waste sludges collected at different times from Fukuoka wastewater treatment plant in Japan. Different concentrations of commercial and synthesized iron particles were used in the anaerobic digesters ranged from 1 to 500 mg/L. The results should that the addition of the synthesized/Fe^0 particles to the anaerobic digesters improved methane production by 16% and 5% at using the first and second waste sludge, respectively. On the other hand, the addition of the commercial iron particles did not improve the production of methane gas.

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Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

A Review on Water Conservation and Consumption Behavior: Leading Issues, Promoting Actions, and Managing the Policies.
Securing supplies of freshwater is now a big concern for policymakers worldwide. Water saving represents significant pro-environmental behavior for a sustainable water resource. In this paper we present the determinants of conservation and use of household water to establish the relative influence of psychosocial, environmental, and demographic bases. We evaluate the predominant study on the factors influencing excessive water consumption, the various ways in which water agencies can control over-consumption, promote residential water conservation, and claim for the demand-side programs. If we maintain the positive attitude and intention toward conservation, change our daily water use behavior, build the habit to use less water as we can, involve the pro-environmental activities, and if the government properly manage the water demand of every household, this can help to conserve water for our future generation and develop the capability to better implement water conservation agendas that respond to short-term to long term water scarcity crises.

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

The Involvement of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron during the Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge
Increased production of Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) calls for its proper treatment and this can be achieved by biogas production. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of 1.5g/L NZVI on the generation of bio-methane through the Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process. The results showed that sludge with NZVI (Sg/NZVI) improved the biogas production due to its electron transfer capability. The pH decreased overtime due to the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) during the AD process, however, the pH of the control decreased more than that of Sg/NVZI because the H+ was consumed during iron corrosion thus resulting in a favorable pH for the methanogens. But with time, the accumulation of VFA and ammonia resulted in the decreased production of biogas.

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Solutions by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron-Based Materials: A Mini Review
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic developed to fightback several bacterial diseases. The widespread application in human and animal medicine and the low biodegradation resulted in the persistent detection of ciprofloxacin in many water systems. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin threats human and aquatic life by motivating the development of antimicrobial resistant geneses in water. Microscale (ZVI) and nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) were used to efficiently remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. The aim of this mini review to summarize: (1) the possible routes for ciprofloxacin to enter the environment, (2) the mechanism of oxidizing organic pollutants by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), (3) the ways to improve the performance of nZVI and overcome its limitations and finally (4) the available treatment systems in the literature which is developed based on NZVI to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous environments.

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Numerical Analysis on Turbulence and Air-Water Scalar Transport in Open-Channel Flow Influenced by Thermal Stratification and Surface Shear Stress
It is important for estimating accurately the air-water transport of scalar such as heat and gas to understand turbulent characteristics close to the water surface. Near-surface turbulence in natural hydro-environments is influenced by the thermal stratification and the wind shear stress acting on the water surface. The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate how their factors influence the turbulent structure and the air-water scalar transport in an open channel flow by means of the direct numerical simulation, i.e., DNS. We reproduce the combined effects of the thermal stratification and the surface shear stress on the structure of the turbulent flow and the scalar transport on the water surface. The numerical results suggest that the scalar transport velocity is obviously changed by the combined effects of the thermal stratification and the surface shear stress.

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Innovative Biotechnological Applications of Galdieria Sulphuraria-Red Microalgae (GS-RMA) in Water Treatment Systems
In this study, mini review is introduced on the features of the red microalgae (RMA) and its biotechnological potential in different applications. Since it has unique extremophilic features, Galdieria Sulphuraria (GS) is considered to be a perfect microorganism candidate for various biotechnological applications in water treatment systems. Special interest has been oriented towards the applications of GS in water treatment systems, such as nutrients, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and heavy metals (HMs) removal from wastewater. Also, different future prospects have been suggested in terms of the new and innovative applications of GS in water treatment based on the gaps in the literature, including phycoremediation of HMs, bio-resin production, bio-substrate for nanoparticles, and pharmaceuticals removal from wastewater. Finally, the challenges and limitations of employing GS in biotechnological applications have been reviewed, which revealed that using GS has a great potential in largescale outdoor cultivation without becoming contaminated with other microorganisms.

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Enhancement of Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells (Mfcs) Using Iron/Copper Nanoparticles
In this study, a lab-scale microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed and power generation output was investigated for 45 days of operation. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) and Iron/copper nanoparticles (Cu/NZVI) were added to the anode chamber of the MFC with a concentration of 10 mg/L and their effects were investigated on the MFC performance. Results showed that the maximal power output density values increased by 43.33 % using copper/iron nanoparticles compared to the control MFC. Anode chamber was examined, and results proved that conductivity increased by 13.68% and 23.62% using NZVI and Cu/NZVI, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand COD was tested, and the removal efficiency reached 38.88%, 38.26%, and 52.40% for control, NZVI, and Cu/NZVI MFCs, respectively after 45 days of operation. This study highlights the effect of nanoparticles technology on power generation from activated sludge using microbial fuel cells (MFCs).

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Comparative Study of Bare and Emulsified Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron for Nitrate and Phosphorus Removal
This work aims to demonstrate the effect of polyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (PSM) on the properties and reactivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). PSM was used in this work to prepare an emulsified nZVI to overcome the particle aggregation phenomenon of nZVI and show the prepared particles with good properties. For that purpose, TEM, XRD and reactivity test of nitrate and phosphorus were performed to show the changes in the performance of nZVI after being emulsified with PSM. The results showed that the emulsified (PSM) greatly improved the removal efficiency of nitrate. Moreover, PSM enhanced the particle dispersion of nZVI and showed the particles with good properties.The results showed that the emulsified nZVI with PSM was also suitable for reduction of nitrate even at a wide range of pH. This study proposed that the emulsified nZVI could have a significant contribution in the aspects of water treatment only for the reducible contaminates.

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Securing supplies of freshwater is now a big concern for policymakers worldwide. Water saving represents significant pro-environmental behavior for a sustainable water resource. In this paper we present the determinants of conservation and use of household water to establish the relative influence of psychosocial, environmental, and demographic bases. We evaluate the predominant study on the factors influencing excessive water consumption, the various ways in which water agencies can control over-consumption, promote residential water conservation, and claim for the demand-side programs. If we maintain the positive attitude and intention toward conservation, change our daily water use behavior, build the habit to use less water as we can, involve the pro-environmental activities, and if the government properly manage the water demand of every household, this can help to conserve water for our future generation and develop the capability to better implement water conservation agendas that respond to short-term to long term water scarcity crises.

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Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Increased production of Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) calls for its proper treatment and this can be achieved by biogas production. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of 1.5g/L NZVI on the generation of bio-methane through the Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process. The results showed that sludge with NZVI (Sg/NZVI) improved the biogas production due to its electron transfer capability. The pH decreased overtime due to the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) during the AD process, however, the pH of the control decreased more than that of Sg/NVZI because the H+ was consumed during iron corrosion thus resulting in a favorable pH for the methanogens. But with time, the accumulation of VFA and ammonia resulted in the decreased production of biogas.

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Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic developed to fightback several bacterial diseases. The widespread application in human and animal medicine and the low biodegradation resulted in the persistent detection of ciprofloxacin in many water systems. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin threats human and aquatic life by motivating the development of antimicrobial resistant geneses in water. Microscale (ZVI) and nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) were used to efficiently remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. The aim of this mini review to summarize: (1) the possible routes for ciprofloxacin to enter the environment, (2) the mechanism of oxidizing organic pollutants by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), (3) the ways to improve the performance of nZVI and overcome its limitations and finally (4) the available treatment systems in the literature which is developed based on NZVI to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous environments.

researchmap

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

It is important for estimating accurately the air-water transport of scalar such as heat and gas to understand turbulent characteristics close to the water surface. Near-surface turbulence in natural hydro-environments is influenced by the thermal stratification and the wind shear stress acting on the water surface. The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate how their factors influence the turbulent structure and the air-water scalar transport in an open channel flow by means of the direct numerical simulation, i.e., DNS. We reproduce the combined effects of the thermal stratification and the surface shear stress on the structure of the turbulent flow and the scalar transport on the water surface. The numerical results suggest that the scalar transport velocity is obviously changed by the combined effects of the thermal stratification and the surface shear stress.

researchmap

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

In this study, mini review is introduced on the features of the red microalgae (RMA) and its biotechnological potential in different applications. Since it has unique extremophilic features, Galdieria Sulphuraria (GS) is considered to be a perfect microorganism candidate for various biotechnological applications in water treatment systems. Special interest has been oriented towards the applications of GS in water treatment systems, such as nutrients, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and heavy metals (HMs) removal from wastewater. Also, different future prospects have been suggested in terms of the new and innovative applications of GS in water treatment based on the gaps in the literature, including phycoremediation of HMs, bio-resin production, bio-substrate for nanoparticles, and pharmaceuticals removal from wastewater. Finally, the challenges and limitations of employing GS in biotechnological applications have been reviewed, which revealed that using GS has a great potential in largescale outdoor cultivation without becoming contaminated with other microorganisms.

researchmap

Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

In this study, a lab-scale microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed and power generation output was investigated for 45 days of operation. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) and Iron/copper nanoparticles (Cu/NZVI) were added to the anode chamber of the MFC with a concentration of 10 mg/L and their effects were investigated on the MFC performance. Results showed that the maximal power output density values increased by 43.33 % using copper/iron nanoparticles compared to the control MFC. Anode chamber was examined, and results proved that conductivity increased by 13.68% and 23.62% using NZVI and Cu/NZVI, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand COD was tested, and the removal efficiency reached 38.88%, 38.26%, and 52.40% for control, NZVI, and Cu/NZVI MFCs, respectively after 45 days of operation. This study highlights the effect of nanoparticles technology on power generation from activated sludge using microbial fuel cells (MFCs).

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Event date： 2020.10

Language：English  

This work aims to demonstrate the effect of polyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (PSM) on the properties and reactivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). PSM was used in this work to prepare an emulsified nZVI to overcome the particle aggregation phenomenon of nZVI and show the prepared particles with good properties. For that purpose, TEM, XRD and reactivity test of nitrate and phosphorus were performed to show the changes in the performance of nZVI after being emulsified with PSM. The results showed that the emulsified (PSM) greatly improved the removal efficiency of nitrate. Moreover, PSM enhanced the particle dispersion of nZVI and showed the particles with good properties.The results showed that the emulsified nZVI with PSM was also suitable for reduction of nitrate even at a wide range of pH. This study proposed that the emulsified nZVI could have a significant contribution in the aspects of water treatment only for the reducible contaminates.

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Event date： 2020

Language：English  

It is important to characterize the transition process of wind-driven water surface to be closely connected to the momentum and gas exchanges across the air-sea interface. In the present study, the transition of the wind-driven surface flow was investigated by means of laboratory experiments, which were carried out using a wind-water tunnel, 17m long, 0.6m wide and 0.8m high. The velocity of the wind-driven surface flow, which is a Lagrangian surface velocity consisting of the Eulerian flow velocity and the Stokes drift velocity, was evaluated by measuring the velocity of float disk rafting on the water surface. According to the experimental results, we examined the critical conditions under which the micro-scale breaking and bubble-mixed breaking waves appear on the water surface. The relation of the surface flow velocity with the friction velocity was found to be changed around <i>u^*</i> = 0.3m/s like the relations with the drag coefficient and the Stokes drift velocity at the water surface. Our experimental results also showed the behavior of the wind-driven surface flow velocity to be varied depending on the windsea Reynolds number. The results suggest that the wave breaking controls the wind-driven surface flow.

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030805947

Event date： 2020

Language：English  

Whitecaps generated by wave breaking on the ocean surface play an important role in the local interaction across the air-sea interface. Whitecap coverage is defined by the area of whitecaps per the unit ocean surface. It has been recognized as one of the most valuable physical quantities for describing the ocean surface fluxes such as the momentum, heat and carbon dioxide, so that the quantitative evaluation of whitecap coverage becomes significant from viewpoints of coastal and ocean engineering. In this study, a progressive high-precision whitecap extraction model is first built by using the algorithm of deep learning. Compared with a traditional whitecap extraction model based on threshold value, the algorithm is found to solve problems caused by illuminance condition and color change on the ocean surface, and effectively extracts fine whitecaps with complicated structures. Further, through comparisons with previous algorithms such as Automatic Whitecap Extraction (AWE), Iterative Between Class Variance (IBCV) and the whitecap extraction based on fixed threshold value, the present algorithm is demonstrated to be more accurate for identifying whitecaps, and it reduces the amount of evaluation load, and can effectively apply for changeable ocean conditions. The new whitecap extraction technology is used to determine whitecap coverage when shooting digital images under complicated sea surface conditions. Due to the progressive characteristics of this algorithm, it has not only a high precision processing effect on images taken by a fixed camera, but also has the potential to analyze accurately images from a non-fixed camera system, such as an observation ship equipped with camera system, unmanned aerial vehicle and so on.

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030805944

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Analogy of iron-copper and iron-silver bimetals during the corrosion process
Because of their strong magnetic properties, the Fe based nanomaterials have successfully been used in order to remediate environmental contamination. The synthesis of the bimetallic nanoparticles was done following chemical reduction of ferric chloride with sodium borohydride then deposition of the respective bimetal. This study was conducted to determine the concentration influence on the dissolution of iron in the presence of the bimetallic nanoparticles along with determining the role of FeCu and FeAg bimetals during iron corrosion. The results showed that the higher the dosage, the higher the iron dissolution due to increased surface area hence reactivity. Also, the bimetals improved the reactivity of iron.

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Upgrading of Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor System with Adding Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron for Wastewater Treatment
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the performance of aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) in terms of COD, phosphate removal and microbial species growth. Two lab scale SBRs were operated simultaneously for sixty days with and without adding nZVI. The reactors were fed with synthetic wastewater and acclimated with seed sludge which was taken from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant in Istanbul. As a result, next generation sequencing technology analysis confirmed that the addition of nZVI in R2 promoted some bacterial types such as Xanthomonadales and inhibited others such as Clostridiales, confirming that the effect of nZVI on the bacterial growth was genera dependent. In addition, the phosphate and COD were completely removed at the end of the study and slightly enhanced with 15 % after the addition of nZVI in R2.

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Factorial Experimental Design for Optimization of Cesium Removal from Aqueous Solutions
The effective removal of cesium from aqueous solution is an emerging issue all over the world particularly in Japan after destroyed Daiichi nuclear power plant of Fukushima. To reduce the expended chemicals and reagents in experimental work and number of the experiment, it is required to implement statistical optimization of the factors for the cesium removal process. In this study, factorial experimental design and multivariate regression technique were employed to evaluate the main effects and interactions among the pH, initial concentration and contact time in the cesium removal process using nZVI-Z as an adsorbent. The study revealed that maximum cesium removal occurred at pH level 6, initial concentration of 200 mg/L and contact time of 30 minutes. Initial concentration was the statistically significant factor followed by contact time. Moreover, the significant interaction effect was observed between contact time and initial concentration.

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Effect of Nano Zero Valent Iron Delivery Method into Porous Media on Phosphorus Removal from Groundwater
The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the delivery method of nano zero valent iron (NZVI) into porous media on the removal of phosphorus from groundwater. Different column experiments were conducted considering injection and permeable reactive barrier (PRB) approaches using sand-packed column with 65 cm length and 10 cm inner diameter. Results revealed that Injecting 10 g of NZVI into C4 resulted in the highest sorption capacity and average removal efficiency of 25 mg/L phosphorus concentration over 14 days with 197.76 mg-P/g-NZVI and 84.8% respectively. The dissolved oxygen levels in the effluent samples of the NZVI column were declined due to the oxidation process of NZVI, which was accompanied by a lower ORP values. The change of the delivery methodology of NZVI into porous media affected its capacity to remove phosphorus, revealing that injection could be better than PRB in terms of the reactive performance.

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Effect of Bimetallic Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles Ag/NZVI on Bacterial Growth
In this study, a 13-day operation was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Ag-Fe nanoparticles on bacterial growth. To do so, three samples (S1, S2, S3) made of freshly domestic wastewater were treated under anaerobic conditions. S1 was considered as the control batch while 50mg/L of zero valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) and Ag-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were added to S2 and S3, respectively. Results showed that the addition of NZVI was effective in activating the bacterial growth. However, Ag-Fe nanoparticles inhibited the bacterial growth. A comparison of the chemical oxygen demand COD of the three samples confirmed the obtained results.

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

Because of their strong magnetic properties, the Fe based nanomaterials have successfully been used in order to remediate environmental contamination. The synthesis of the bimetallic nanoparticles was done following chemical reduction of ferric chloride with sodium borohydride then deposition of the respective bimetal. This study was conducted to determine the concentration influence on the dissolution of iron in the presence of the bimetallic nanoparticles along with determining the role of FeCu and FeAg bimetals during iron corrosion. The results showed that the higher the dosage, the higher the iron dissolution due to increased surface area hence reactivity. Also, the bimetals improved the reactivity of iron.

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Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the performance of aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) in terms of COD, phosphate removal and microbial species growth. Two lab scale SBRs were operated simultaneously for sixty days with and without adding nZVI. The reactors were fed with synthetic wastewater and acclimated with seed sludge which was taken from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant in Istanbul. As a result, next generation sequencing technology analysis confirmed that the addition of nZVI in R2 promoted some bacterial types such as Xanthomonadales and inhibited others such as Clostridiales, confirming that the effect of nZVI on the bacterial growth was genera dependent. In addition, the phosphate and COD were completely removed at the end of the study and slightly enhanced with 15 % after the addition of nZVI in R2.

researchmap

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

The effective removal of cesium from aqueous solution is an emerging issue all over the world particularly in Japan after destroyed Daiichi nuclear power plant of Fukushima. To reduce the expended chemicals and reagents in experimental work and number of the experiment, it is required to implement statistical optimization of the factors for the cesium removal process. In this study, factorial experimental design and multivariate regression technique were employed to evaluate the main effects and interactions among the pH, initial concentration and contact time in the cesium removal process using nZVI-Z as an adsorbent. The study revealed that maximum cesium removal occurred at pH level 6, initial concentration of 200 mg/L and contact time of 30 minutes. Initial concentration was the statistically significant factor followed by contact time. Moreover, the significant interaction effect was observed between contact time and initial concentration.

researchmap

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the delivery method of nano zero valent iron (NZVI) into porous media on the removal of phosphorus from groundwater. Different column experiments were conducted considering injection and permeable reactive barrier (PRB) approaches using sand-packed column with 65 cm length and 10 cm inner diameter. Results revealed that Injecting 10 g of NZVI into C4 resulted in the highest sorption capacity and average removal efficiency of 25 mg/L phosphorus concentration over 14 days with 197.76 mg-P/g-NZVI and 84.8% respectively. The dissolved oxygen levels in the effluent samples of the NZVI column were declined due to the oxidation process of NZVI, which was accompanied by a lower ORP values. The change of the delivery methodology of NZVI into porous media affected its capacity to remove phosphorus, revealing that injection could be better than PRB in terms of the reactive performance.

researchmap

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English  

In this study, a 13-day operation was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Ag-Fe nanoparticles on bacterial growth. To do so, three samples (S1, S2, S3) made of freshly domestic wastewater were treated under anaerobic conditions. S1 was considered as the control batch while 50mg/L of zero valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) and Ag-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were added to S2 and S3, respectively. Results showed that the addition of NZVI was effective in activating the bacterial growth. However, Ag-Fe nanoparticles inhibited the bacterial growth. A comparison of the chemical oxygen demand COD of the three samples confirmed the obtained results.

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Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Enhancement of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Stability in Aqueous Solution Via Metal Hydroxide Coating
Concerns have been increased regarding the behavior of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in subsurface environmental remediation applications. In this study, the iron particles were coated by magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)_2) shell in order to improve their suspension stability in aqueous solutions. Sedimentation tests were conducted for different ratios of the coating material to evaluate the enhancement of particles stability and to determine the optimum coating ratio. Results of sedimentation tests showed that, the coated iron particles Mg(OH)_2-CnZVI exhibited better stability performance than that of bare nZVI (BnZVI). Additionally, optical absorbance results depicted that Mg/Fe coating ratios of 0.8 and 1 showed less aggregation potential than that of the other coating ratios and BnZVI as well. Moreover, beside the enhanced stability, the addition of the nonmagnetic coating layer protected the nZVI core from the rapid corrosion. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the sustainability of the coated nZVI reactivity.

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

nZVI@TiO_2 Hetero-interface Activity for NO_3- Removal as Water Remediation Application
Interface has a synergetic effect in catalytic reactions. Nano particle zero Valent iron (nZVI) is high active (Oxidant, Reductant) of almost contaminants of wastewater such like nitrate through reduction as part of water remediation. nZVI agglomeration lead to severely decreasing in surface area then hence drop in its activity. There were some additives served as anti-agglomeration such like polymers, bi-metals and stabilizers. However, metal oxide nanostructure could prohibit nZVI agglomeration furthermore create an interface with higher activity. TiO_2 as a photocatalytic material has same function after excitation with suitable energy. Electrons play main role for reduction while holes are for oxidation, and hence its efficiency depend on mainly in time recombination of electrons and holes. nZVI@TiO_2 successfully synthesized and demonstrated synergetic reduction removal activity for NO_3-. SEM have been used to analysis new composite structure, furthermore several batch experiments have been performed to suggest reduction possible scenario including future plan.

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Removal of boron from aqueous solutions using MgAl composition
Although boron is an element of requirement for the growth of plants, animals and humans, environmental issues and health hazards are related to boron applications in various industries. Recently many techniques have been developed to remove boron from aqueous solutions; adsorption proved to be capable to treat solutions with low boron concentrations. Mg-Al bimetallic compound was synthesized and calcined. Then, was tested in a process to remove boron from aqueous solutions. Difference between calcined and non-calcined Mg-Al bimetallic compounds in removing boron from aqueous solutions were measured to determine whether the calcination process is of significant benefit. Experiments were conducted with variety of pH levels, temperatures dosage volume as well as initial boron concentration; thus finding the most suitable factors in the removing of boron in aqueous solutions using Mg-Al bimetallic compound.

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Phosphorus Removal by using Nano-scale Iron Materials
Nano-scale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) was used to remove phosphorus from aqueous solution, and the influence of oxygen and pH were investigated. The higher removal efficiency was obtained from oxic condition. It is because that generated Fe^<2+> and Fe^<3+> will be formed oxide layer on the surface of NZVI which become good adsorbate. And the removal of phosphorus obviously increased when the solution pH was decreased to the acidic side due to the isoelectric point of NZVI. The higher removal efficiency was obtained under oxic and acidic pH condition. According to these results, NZVI was a optimum and useful material for removing phosphorus.

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Nano-Fe/Cu particles for the remediation of cesium contaminated solutions
The great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 triggered the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Large amount of cesium was released into the environment following this severe accident. Therefore, this research work evaluated the applicability of nano-Fe/Cu particles for the removal of cesium from contaminated waters for the first time. Cesium removal was investigated using batch technique with respect to initial cesium concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, competing cations and dosage of nanoparticles. The results showed that nano-Fe/Cu particles demonstrated effective performance for removal of cesium. The removal efficiency exceeded 99% at initial cesium concentration of 1 mg/L and 1 g/L dose. The removal of cesium was largely depending on the solution pH and temperature. The current study proved the potential utility of the nano-Fe/Cu particles as a promising adsorbent for the treatment of waters containing cesium.

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Inspection of Iron-Copper Bimetal Performance in Chemically Altered Atmosphere
The reactivity of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (nZVI) can be enhanced by addition of the second metal to increase surface area. In this research, the influence of pH and oxygen supply on Fe-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles' reactivity was investigated. Fe-Cu nanoparticles were synthesized through ferric chloride reduction by sodium borohydride followed by deposition of Cu metal. Iron dissolution was enhanced in acidic pH due to the presence of H+ ions which make the surface to be positively charged whereas in alkaline pH, the OH- ions contribute to the passive layer formation thus limiting further oxidation. Continuous supply led to higher Fe-Cu corrosion as opposed to limited oxygen supply since oxygen enhanced oxidation. The significance of this study is to make deductions in contaminant remediation technologies.

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Enhancement of the Reduction and Adsorption Mechanism of nZVI using an effective polyacrylamide as a nonionic polymer
Nano Scale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) has been considered as an effective material for contaminated water cleanup due to the large surface area and its high reducing power. However, due to its high magnetic force, the particles tend to form aggregates resulted in decreasing its high surface area. To overcome the aggregates problem and increase the particle's surface area, polyacrylamide has been used as an effective polymer for synthesizing a stabilized nZVI particles. Comparing with non-stabilized nZVI, the polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI exhibited an excellent performance for both of the nitrate reduction and phosphorus adsorption. Different polyacrylamide dosages varied between 0.2 to 2 (g/L) were investigated, a dose of 0.6 (g/L) was the optimum ratio of polyacrylamide to nZVI to achieve the highest removal efficiency for both of phosphorus and nitrate removal. The polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI improved the nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency by 43.6 and 21.9% respectively with respect to non-stabilized nZVI.The polyacrylamide was proposed as an effective polymer for enhancing the nZVI particles reactivity to treat the nitrate and phosphorus in the contaminated water.Nano Scale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) has been considered as an effective material for contaminated water cleanup due to the large surface area and its high reducing power. However, due to its high magnetic force, the particles tend to form aggregates resulted in decreasing its high surface area. To overcome the aggregates problem and increase the particle's surface area, polyacrylamide has been used as an effective polymer for synthesizing a stabilized nZVI particles. Comparing with non-stabilized nZVI, the polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI exhibited an excellent performance for both of the nitrate reduction and phosphorus adsorption. Different polyacrylamide dosages varied between 0.2 to 2 (g/L) were investigated, a dose of 0.6 (g/L) was the optimum ratio of polyacrylamide to nZVI to achieve the highest removal efficiency for both of phosphorus and nitrate removal. The polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI improved the nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency by 43.6 and 21.9% respectively with respect to non-stabilized nZVI.The polyacrylamide was proposed as an effective polymer for enhancing the nZVI particles reactivity to treat the nitrate and phosphorus in the contaminated water.

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Concerns have been increased regarding the behavior of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in subsurface environmental remediation applications. In this study, the iron particles were coated by magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)_2) shell in order to improve their suspension stability in aqueous solutions. Sedimentation tests were conducted for different ratios of the coating material to evaluate the enhancement of particles stability and to determine the optimum coating ratio. Results of sedimentation tests showed that, the coated iron particles Mg(OH)_2-CnZVI exhibited better stability performance than that of bare nZVI (BnZVI). Additionally, optical absorbance results depicted that Mg/Fe coating ratios of 0.8 and 1 showed less aggregation potential than that of the other coating ratios and BnZVI as well. Moreover, beside the enhanced stability, the addition of the nonmagnetic coating layer protected the nZVI core from the rapid corrosion. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the sustainability of the coated nZVI reactivity.

researchmap

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Although boron is an element of requirement for the growth of plants, animals and humans, environmental issues and health hazards are related to boron applications in various industries. Recently many techniques have been developed to remove boron from aqueous solutions; adsorption proved to be capable to treat solutions with low boron concentrations. Mg-Al bimetallic compound was synthesized and calcined. Then, was tested in a process to remove boron from aqueous solutions. Difference between calcined and non-calcined Mg-Al bimetallic compounds in removing boron from aqueous solutions were measured to determine whether the calcination process is of significant benefit. Experiments were conducted with variety of pH levels, temperatures dosage volume as well as initial boron concentration; thus finding the most suitable factors in the removing of boron in aqueous solutions using Mg-Al bimetallic compound.

researchmap

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Nano-scale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) was used to remove phosphorus from aqueous solution, and the influence of oxygen and pH were investigated. The higher removal efficiency was obtained from oxic condition. It is because that generated Fe^<2+> and Fe^<3+> will be formed oxide layer on the surface of NZVI which become good adsorbate. And the removal of phosphorus obviously increased when the solution pH was decreased to the acidic side due to the isoelectric point of NZVI. The higher removal efficiency was obtained under oxic and acidic pH condition. According to these results, NZVI was a optimum and useful material for removing phosphorus.

researchmap

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Interface has a synergetic effect in catalytic reactions. Nano particle zero Valent iron (nZVI) is high active (Oxidant, Reductant) of almost contaminants of wastewater such like nitrate through reduction as part of water remediation. nZVI agglomeration lead to severely decreasing in surface area then hence drop in its activity. There were some additives served as anti-agglomeration such like polymers, bi-metals and stabilizers. However, metal oxide nanostructure could prohibit nZVI agglomeration furthermore create an interface with higher activity. TiO_2 as a photocatalytic material has same function after excitation with suitable energy. Electrons play main role for reduction while holes are for oxidation, and hence its efficiency depend on mainly in time recombination of electrons and holes. nZVI@TiO_2 successfully synthesized and demonstrated synergetic reduction removal activity for NO_3-. SEM have been used to analysis new composite structure, furthermore several batch experiments have been performed to suggest reduction possible scenario including future plan.

researchmap

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

The great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 triggered the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Large amount of cesium was released into the environment following this severe accident. Therefore, this research work evaluated the applicability of nano-Fe/Cu particles for the removal of cesium from contaminated waters for the first time. Cesium removal was investigated using batch technique with respect to initial cesium concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, competing cations and dosage of nanoparticles. The results showed that nano-Fe/Cu particles demonstrated effective performance for removal of cesium. The removal efficiency exceeded 99% at initial cesium concentration of 1 mg/L and 1 g/L dose. The removal of cesium was largely depending on the solution pH and temperature. The current study proved the potential utility of the nano-Fe/Cu particles as a promising adsorbent for the treatment of waters containing cesium.

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Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

The reactivity of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (nZVI) can be enhanced by addition of the second metal to increase surface area. In this research, the influence of pH and oxygen supply on Fe-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles' reactivity was investigated. Fe-Cu nanoparticles were synthesized through ferric chloride reduction by sodium borohydride followed by deposition of Cu metal. Iron dissolution was enhanced in acidic pH due to the presence of H+ ions which make the surface to be positively charged whereas in alkaline pH, the OH- ions contribute to the passive layer formation thus limiting further oxidation. Continuous supply led to higher Fe-Cu corrosion as opposed to limited oxygen supply since oxygen enhanced oxidation. The significance of this study is to make deductions in contaminant remediation technologies.

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Event date： 2018.10

Language：English  

Nano Scale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) has been considered as an effective material for contaminated water cleanup due to the large surface area and its high reducing power. However, due to its high magnetic force, the particles tend to form aggregates resulted in decreasing its high surface area. To overcome the aggregates problem and increase the particle's surface area, polyacrylamide has been used as an effective polymer for synthesizing a stabilized nZVI particles. Comparing with non-stabilized nZVI, the polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI exhibited an excellent performance for both of the nitrate reduction and phosphorus adsorption. Different polyacrylamide dosages varied between 0.2 to 2 (g/L) were investigated, a dose of 0.6 (g/L) was the optimum ratio of polyacrylamide to nZVI to achieve the highest removal efficiency for both of phosphorus and nitrate removal. The polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI improved the nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency by 43.6 and 21.9% respectively with respect to non-stabilized nZVI.The polyacrylamide was proposed as an effective polymer for enhancing the nZVI particles reactivity to treat the nitrate and phosphorus in the contaminated water.Nano Scale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) has been considered as an effective material for contaminated water cleanup due to the large surface area and its high reducing power. However, due to its high magnetic force, the particles tend to form aggregates resulted in decreasing its high surface area. To overcome the aggregates problem and increase the particle's surface area, polyacrylamide has been used as an effective polymer for synthesizing a stabilized nZVI particles. Comparing with non-stabilized nZVI, the polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI exhibited an excellent performance for both of the nitrate reduction and phosphorus adsorption. Different polyacrylamide dosages varied between 0.2 to 2 (g/L) were investigated, a dose of 0.6 (g/L) was the optimum ratio of polyacrylamide to nZVI to achieve the highest removal efficiency for both of phosphorus and nitrate removal. The polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI improved the nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency by 43.6 and 21.9% respectively with respect to non-stabilized nZVI.The polyacrylamide was proposed as an effective polymer for enhancing the nZVI particles reactivity to treat the nitrate and phosphorus in the contaminated water.

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Event date： 2018

Language：English  

The great East Japan Earthquake occurred in 2011 and seriously damaged Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Large amounts of cesium was released into the environment following this accident. Therefore, this study for the first time assessed the applicability of nanosccale zero valent iron (nZVI) for the removal of cesium from aqueous solutions. The removal of cesium was investigated in a batch system with respect to initial cesium concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, competing cations and dosage of nanoparticles. The obtained results showed that nZVI displayed effective performance for removal of cesium. The removal efficiency exceeded 99% at initial cesium concentration of 1 mg/L and 1 g/L dose. The removal of cesium was largely depending on the solution pH and temperature. The current work proved the potential utility of the nZVI in the treatment of cesium contaminated water generated after the Fukushima nuclear accident.

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Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Continuous-flow of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron based system for phosphorus removal
In this study, the removal performance of NZVI for phosphorus under different five condition such as 1) open (with Polishing Unit (1a) and without one (1b)), 2) full aerobic (air flow=1.2L/min. (2a) and 1L/min. (2b)) and 3) full anaerobic conditions (nitrogen flow=3L/min) were analyzed. The initial phosphorus concentration and feeding rate were maintained each approximately 25 mg P/L and 20 ml/min. In each condition, the reactor phosphorus removal rates for initial 3 hours were 77.6 ± 10.2% (1a), 96.3 ± 1.7% (1b), 95.6 ± 1.4% (2a), 95.5 ± 2.3% (2b) and 96.8 ± 2.0% (3). From these results, there are no big differences between them. However, all of the rates decreased to about 50 to 80% after 12 hours. The effluent total iron concentration from the reactor was also analyzed and the correlation with the effluent phosphorus concentration was calculated. As a result, correlation coefficient was R^2=0.963 (2a), R^2=0.897(2b), R^2=0.885(3) respectively, and it was confirmed that there is positive correlation.

Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Potential catalytic effect of ion copper bimetallic nanoparticles on digestion of anaerobic activated sludge at high iron concentrations
Throughout this research, prepared zero valent iron copper nanoparticles (Fe^0/Cu) was used in order to investigate the methane generation and the degradation of anaerobic activated sludge. The prepared Fe^0/Cu in different high concentrations (0.5, 1.5 and 3 g/L) were added to laboratory scale bioreactors to check its biogas generation efficiency compared with blank bioreactor. Furthermore, the organic matter degradation process was also studied by profiling the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). The results show that the Fe^0/Cu bimetallic particles facilitate the catalytic reactivity by increasing the generated biogas volume and methane yield. The total generated biogas increased by 235.6% for the bioreactors exposed with 1.5 g/L of Fe^0/Cu particles compared with blank. Collectively, results suggest that Fe^0/Cu was promising remediation of domestic activated sludge and consequently Fe^0/Cu system can be proposed as a cost-effective addition for the anaerobic digesters.

Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Nitrate Removal in Porous Media Using Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron: Column Experiment
The use of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) as a reactive media in porous media has become a promising technology for contaminants removal from soil and groundwater. Therefore, the main aim of current work is to investigate nitrate removal from water using nZVI in an upflow packed sand column. The effects of one layer, multilayer and different thicknesses of nZVI/sand on nitrate removal were reported in this study. The initial nitrate concentration was 200 mg/L. The distribution of nitrate trapped inside the columns was evaluated by measuring nitrate concentration at various intermediate sampling points along the depth of the column in addition to the column outlet. The results indicated that the best condition to remove nitrate was observed when using single 10-cm high layer of nZVI/sand and more than 97% of influent nitrate was removed.

Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Investigation on Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron interactions in aqueous solution
Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) is a waste water treatment approach that is currently gaining attention due to its high efficiency on removal of various water contaminants. To understand its chemical reaction mechanisms, NZVI interactions in aqueous solution free from contaminants were investigated in this study. Several batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen on ferrous and ferric concentrations. Results showed that the elution of iron ion occurred fast in the first 10 minutes followed by an obvious depletion in concentration due to iron precipitation, and then remained constant. The concentration of ferric was higher than that of ferrous in both oxic and anoxic conditions. Acidic condition enhanced the amount of iron elution because it provided H+ to promote the iron elution reaction forward. The highest temperature of 90℃ condition gave highest iron concentration. However, among lower temperatures, relatively lower temperature gave higher iron concentration. These results are useful for the NZVI application on water treatment in a large scale.

Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Integrating nano-scale zero valent iron (nZVI) in phosphorus removal from aqueous solution through porous media: packed-column experiment

Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Effects of sodium borohydride as a reductant on the synthesis conditions of Nano-scale Zero Valent Iron

Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

In this study, the removal performance of NZVI for phosphorus under different five condition such as 1) open (with Polishing Unit (1a) and without one (1b)), 2) full aerobic (air flow=1.2L/min. (2a) and 1L/min. (2b)) and 3) full anaerobic conditions (nitrogen flow=3L/min) were analyzed. The initial phosphorus concentration and feeding rate were maintained each approximately 25 mg P/L and 20 ml/min. In each condition, the reactor phosphorus removal rates for initial 3 hours were 77.6 ± 10.2% (1a), 96.3 ± 1.7% (1b), 95.6 ± 1.4% (2a), 95.5 ± 2.3% (2b) and 96.8 ± 2.0% (3). From these results, there are no big differences between them. However, all of the rates decreased to about 50 to 80% after 12 hours. The effluent total iron concentration from the reactor was also analyzed and the correlation with the effluent phosphorus concentration was calculated. As a result, correlation coefficient was R^2=0.963 (2a), R^2=0.897(2b), R^2=0.885(3) respectively, and it was confirmed that there is positive correlation.

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Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

Throughout this research, prepared zero valent iron copper nanoparticles (Fe^0/Cu) was used in order to investigate the methane generation and the degradation of anaerobic activated sludge. The prepared Fe^0/Cu in different high concentrations (0.5, 1.5 and 3 g/L) were added to laboratory scale bioreactors to check its biogas generation efficiency compared with blank bioreactor. Furthermore, the organic matter degradation process was also studied by profiling the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). The results show that the Fe^0/Cu bimetallic particles facilitate the catalytic reactivity by increasing the generated biogas volume and methane yield. The total generated biogas increased by 235.6% for the bioreactors exposed with 1.5 g/L of Fe^0/Cu particles compared with blank. Collectively, results suggest that Fe^0/Cu was promising remediation of domestic activated sludge and consequently Fe^0/Cu system can be proposed as a cost-effective addition for the anaerobic digesters.

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Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

The use of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) as a reactive media in porous media has become a promising technology for contaminants removal from soil and groundwater. Therefore, the main aim of current work is to investigate nitrate removal from water using nZVI in an upflow packed sand column. The effects of one layer, multilayer and different thicknesses of nZVI/sand on nitrate removal were reported in this study. The initial nitrate concentration was 200 mg/L. The distribution of nitrate trapped inside the columns was evaluated by measuring nitrate concentration at various intermediate sampling points along the depth of the column in addition to the column outlet. The results indicated that the best condition to remove nitrate was observed when using single 10-cm high layer of nZVI/sand and more than 97% of influent nitrate was removed.

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Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) is a waste water treatment approach that is currently gaining attention due to its high efficiency on removal of various water contaminants. To understand its chemical reaction mechanisms, NZVI interactions in aqueous solution free from contaminants were investigated in this study. Several batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen on ferrous and ferric concentrations. Results showed that the elution of iron ion occurred fast in the first 10 minutes followed by an obvious depletion in concentration due to iron precipitation, and then remained constant. The concentration of ferric was higher than that of ferrous in both oxic and anoxic conditions. Acidic condition enhanced the amount of iron elution because it provided H+ to promote the iron elution reaction forward. The highest temperature of 90℃ condition gave highest iron concentration. However, among lower temperatures, relatively lower temperature gave higher iron concentration. These results are useful for the NZVI application on water treatment in a large scale.

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Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

This study investigates phosphorus removal from water through nZVI/river-sand packed columns. In order to evaluate their maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity, batch tests were first conducted for a synthesized nZVI (5:3.5 g / 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙_3 : 𝑁𝑎𝐵𝐻_4 and river-sand. Aqueous solution of 25 mg/l phosphorus concentration was introduced to three-Plexiglas packed-columns (65 cm length, 10 cm inner diameter and PV=1.53 L with different layers configuration. Solid precipitates of nZVI were characterized using TEM, XRD, BET and LD analyzers. Break-through curves showed that maximum phosphorus removal efficiency was recorded as 98.8% in Column 2 with two layers of nZVI/river-sand after only 17 hours, whereas Column 3 as a control column showed a rapid saturation (fully saturated by day 9 . Dissolved oxygen values were clearly decreased in the first and second columns due to oxygen consumption by nZVI oxidation, unlike Column 3 in which the values were almost close to the influent value. River-sand showed relatively high adsorption capacity of phosphorus as a porous medium.

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Event date： 2017.10

Language：English  

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Event date： 2017

Language：English  

The application of nano size materials on wastewater is going extensive because its high reactivity compared with other materials. As a result, numerous research studies investigated the effectiveness of dosing nano zero valent iron (nZVI) or micro zero valent iron (mZVI) on anaerobic digestion (AD) of sludge and production of biogas as promising renewable energy but inconsistent outcomes have appeared. In this paper, different dosing concentrations of nZVI were applied on anaerobic activated municipal sludge to examine the impact of nZVI on sludge fermentation, biogas generation, and methane (CH4) content stimulation. The results showed that addition 250 mg/L nZVI nanoparticles could enhance 25.23% biogas production and the methane content reached 94.05% after one week of digestion compared with 62.67% without adding iron nanoparticles.

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Event date： 2016.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Investigation of Contaminants Interference on Water Treatment by Supported Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron

Event date： 2016.10

Language：English  

Nitrate and phosphate are severe contaminants which cause eutrophication and series environmental problems. The treatment of these pollutants by supported nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) on activated charcoal (n-Fe0/C) was suggested as an effective and efficient tool more than unsupported nanoscale Fe0, because of its higher settling rates and improved hydraulic conductivity, the supported nano iron could be applied with easier operation in continuous treatment process of wastewater and in groundwater. In fact, wastewater and groundwater include numerous compounds other than nitrate and phosphate, and they interfere with their remediation process and removal efficiency by supported nano iron. Through this research, n-Fe0/C was synthesized and characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface characterization then applied in batch experiments containing nitrate and nitrate with phosphate coexisting with copper compounds, calcium carbonates, sulfates, humic acid and domestic wastewater. Interference studies were carried out to investigate the extent of influence of each interfering substance. In general, the performance of removal for phosphate remained unchanged (nearly 95%), whereas nitrate decreased from 70% to about 50% in average after 90 min of batch experimental time for almost all interfering substances at high common concentrations except for copper compounds, which increased the removal efficiency that varied from 75 to 100%, depending on phosphate presence and type and amount of copper compound used.

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Event date： 2015.10

Language：English  

Country：Other  

DIFFERENT NANOSCALE ZERO VALENT IRONS FOR NITRATE-POLLUTED WATER REMEDIATION
In this study, four nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) types were characterized and compared for nitrate removal from water. Through batch experiments, it was observed that old-purchased iron (OP-NZVI) had very low nitrate removal efficiency (10%) for more than 8 hours. Treated iron (T-NZVI) removed approximately half of nitrate concentration within 3 hours. Synthesized iron (S-NZVI) successfully reduced the whole amount of nitrate in one hour. Meanwhile, the improved iron (I-NZVI) removed the same amount within 20 minutes, which indicated the highest performance among other NZVIs

Event date： 2015.10

Language：English  

In this study, four nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) types were characterized and compared for nitrate removal from water. Through batch experiments, it was observed that old-purchased iron (OP-NZVI) had very low nitrate removal efficiency (10%) for more than 8 hours. Treated iron (T-NZVI) removed approximately half of nitrate concentration within 3 hours. Synthesized iron (S-NZVI) successfully reduced the whole amount of nitrate in one hour. Meanwhile, the improved iron (I-NZVI) removed the same amount within 20 minutes, which indicated the highest performance among other NZVIs

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Event date： 2015

Language：English  

This paper updates the status of international education in IGSES at Kyushu University and provides future directions for expected international projects. Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences (IGSES) is part of the Kyushu University (KU), which provides academic and professional programs in a wide range of areas, including material, energy and environment. IGSES was established in 1979 as the nation's first independent graduate school from undergraduate schools for the interdisciplinary research and education in science and engineering. The current IGSES consists of five departments and plays an important role of advanced research and education in the three main fields, namely, material, energy and environment with the cooperation of Institutes for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE) as well as Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM). The paper summarizes an international education in IGSES by describing each of the programs of Intellectual Exchange and Innovation Program (IEI Program), The Advanced Graduate Program in Global Strategy for Green Asia (GA program), CAMPUS Asia program (CA program), Global-30 Master Program (G30 Program) and Super Global University Project (SGU)

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Event date： 2015

Language：English  

This paper updates the status of international education in IGSES at Kyushu University and provides future directions for expected international projects. Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences (IGSES) is part of the Kyushu University (KU), which provides academic and professional programs in a wide range of areas, including material, energy and environment. IGSES was established in 1979 as the nation&#039;s first independent graduate school from undergraduate schools for the interdisciplinary research and education in science and engineering. The current IGSES consists of five departments and plays an important role of advanced research and education in the three main fields, namely, material, energy and environment with the cooperation of Institutes for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE) as well as Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM). The paper summarizes an international education in IGSES by describing each of the programs of Intellectual Exchange and Innovation Program (IEI Program), The Advanced Graduate Program in Global Strategy for Green Asia (GA program), CAMPUS Asia program (CA program), Global-30 Master Program (G30 Program) and Super Global University Project (SGU)

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Event date： 2010

Language：English  

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Event date： 2007.2

Language：English  

Country：Other  

MODELING OF BIOLOGICALLY MEDIATED REDOX PROCESSES USING SAWDUST AS A MATRIX
A model simulating reactive transport in natural filter using sawdust as materials to improve the efficiency of filter is developed. The transport part of the model computes the changed in concentration over time caused by the processes of advection and dispersion. The kinetic sub model describes the heterotrophic metabolisms of several groups of bacteria. To model a complete redox sequence (aerobic oxidation, denitrification, Mn (IV) -reduction, Fe (III) -reduction and sulfate reduction) four functional bacterial groups (X1, X2, X3 and X4) are defined. The growth and metabolisms are formulated using the Double Monod kinetic equation. The model takes into account the exchange between the different phases (mobile phase, bio phase and matrix phase). The results from a laboratory soil-sawdust columns experiments are used to verify the simulation results of the model. While the availability of organic carbon is one of the most important factors that affects bacterial activity in natural filter. This study demonstrates that using sawdust as a carbon source can improve the biologically mediated redox processes.

Event date： 2007.2

Language：English  

A model simulating reactive transport in natural filter using sawdust as materials to improve the efficiency of filter is developed. The transport part of the model computes the changed in concentration over time caused by the processes of advection and dispersion. The kinetic sub model describes the heterotrophic metabolisms of several groups of bacteria. To model a complete redox sequence (aerobic oxidation, denitrification, Mn (IV) -reduction, Fe (III) -reduction and sulfate reduction) four functional bacterial groups (X1, X2, X3 and X4) are defined. The growth and metabolisms are formulated using the Double Monod kinetic equation. The model takes into account the exchange between the different phases (mobile phase, bio phase and matrix phase). The results from a laboratory soil-sawdust columns experiments are used to verify the simulation results of the model. While the availability of organic carbon is one of the most important factors that affects bacterial activity in natural filter. This study demonstrates that using sawdust as a carbon source can improve the biologically mediated redox processes.

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Event date： 2007

Language：English  

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Language：English  

Country：Other  

Recent Activities of International Education in IGSES at Kyushu University

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

DIFFERENT NANOSCALE ZERO VALENT IRONS FOR NITRATE-POLLUTED WATER REMEDIATION
In this study, four nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) types were characterized and compared for nitrate removal from water. Through batch experiments, it was observed that old-purchased iron (OP-NZVI) had very low nitrate removal efficiency (10%) for more than 8 hours. Treated iron (T-NZVI) removed approximately half of nitrate concentration within 3 hours. Synthesized iron (S-NZVI) successfully reduced the whole amount of nitrate in one hour. Meanwhile, the improved iron (I-NZVI) removed the same amount within 20 minutes, which indicated the highest performance among other NZVIs

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Investigation of Contaminants Interference on Water Treatment by Supported Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Potential catalytic effect of ion copper bimetallic nanoparticles on digestion of anaerobic activated sludge at high iron concentrations
Throughout this research, prepared zero valent iron copper nanoparticles (Fe^0/Cu) was used in order to investigate the methane generation and the degradation of anaerobic activated sludge. The prepared Fe^0/Cu in different high concentrations (0.5, 1.5 and 3 g/L) were added to laboratory scale bioreactors to check its biogas generation efficiency compared with blank bioreactor. Furthermore, the organic matter degradation process was also studied by profiling the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). The results show that the Fe^0/Cu bimetallic particles facilitate the catalytic reactivity by increasing the generated biogas volume and methane yield. The total generated biogas increased by 235.6% for the bioreactors exposed with 1.5 g/L of Fe^0/Cu particles compared with blank. Collectively, results suggest that Fe^0/Cu was promising remediation of domestic activated sludge and consequently Fe^0/Cu system can be proposed as a cost-effective addition for the anaerobic digesters.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Nitrate Removal in Porous Media Using Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron: Column Experiment
The use of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) as a reactive media in porous media has become a promising technology for contaminants removal from soil and groundwater. Therefore, the main aim of current work is to investigate nitrate removal from water using nZVI in an upflow packed sand column. The effects of one layer, multilayer and different thicknesses of nZVI/sand on nitrate removal were reported in this study. The initial nitrate concentration was 200 mg/L. The distribution of nitrate trapped inside the columns was evaluated by measuring nitrate concentration at various intermediate sampling points along the depth of the column in addition to the column outlet. The results indicated that the best condition to remove nitrate was observed when using single 10-cm high layer of nZVI/sand and more than 97% of influent nitrate was removed.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Investigation on Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron interactions in aqueous solution
Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) is a waste water treatment approach that is currently gaining attention due to its high efficiency on removal of various water contaminants. To understand its chemical reaction mechanisms, NZVI interactions in aqueous solution free from contaminants were investigated in this study. Several batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen on ferrous and ferric concentrations. Results showed that the elution of iron ion occurred fast in the first 10 minutes followed by an obvious depletion in concentration due to iron precipitation, and then remained constant. The concentration of ferric was higher than that of ferrous in both oxic and anoxic conditions. Acidic condition enhanced the amount of iron elution because it provided H+ to promote the iron elution reaction forward. The highest temperature of 90℃ condition gave highest iron concentration. However, among lower temperatures, relatively lower temperature gave higher iron concentration. These results are useful for the NZVI application on water treatment in a large scale.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Integrating nano-scale zero valent iron (nZVI) in phosphorus removal from aqueous solution through porous media: packed-column experiment

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Effects of sodium borohydride as a reductant on the synthesis conditions of Nano-scale Zero Valent Iron

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Continuous-flow of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron based system for phosphorus removal
In this study, the removal performance of NZVI for phosphorus under different five condition such as 1) open (with Polishing Unit (1a) and without one (1b)), 2) full aerobic (air flow=1.2L/min. (2a) and 1L/min. (2b)) and 3) full anaerobic conditions (nitrogen flow=3L/min) were analyzed. The initial phosphorus concentration and feeding rate were maintained each approximately 25 mg P/L and 20 ml/min. In each condition, the reactor phosphorus removal rates for initial 3 hours were 77.6 ± 10.2% (1a), 96.3 ± 1.7% (1b), 95.6 ± 1.4% (2a), 95.5 ± 2.3% (2b) and 96.8 ± 2.0% (3). From these results, there are no big differences between them. However, all of the rates decreased to about 50 to 80% after 12 hours. The effluent total iron concentration from the reactor was also analyzed and the correlation with the effluent phosphorus concentration was calculated. As a result, correlation coefficient was R^2=0.963 (2a), R^2=0.897(2b), R^2=0.885(3) respectively, and it was confirmed that there is positive correlation.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

nZVI@TiO_2 Hetero-interface Activity for NO_3- Removal as Water Remediation Application
Interface has a synergetic effect in catalytic reactions. Nano particle zero Valent iron (nZVI) is high active (Oxidant, Reductant) of almost contaminants of wastewater such like nitrate through reduction as part of water remediation. nZVI agglomeration lead to severely decreasing in surface area then hence drop in its activity. There were some additives served as anti-agglomeration such like polymers, bi-metals and stabilizers. However, metal oxide nanostructure could prohibit nZVI agglomeration furthermore create an interface with higher activity. TiO_2 as a photocatalytic material has same function after excitation with suitable energy. Electrons play main role for reduction while holes are for oxidation, and hence its efficiency depend on mainly in time recombination of electrons and holes. nZVI@TiO_2 successfully synthesized and demonstrated synergetic reduction removal activity for NO_3-. SEM have been used to analysis new composite structure, furthermore several batch experiments have been performed to suggest reduction possible scenario including future plan.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Removal of boron from aqueous solutions using MgAl composition
Although boron is an element of requirement for the growth of plants, animals and humans, environmental issues and health hazards are related to boron applications in various industries. Recently many techniques have been developed to remove boron from aqueous solutions; adsorption proved to be capable to treat solutions with low boron concentrations. Mg-Al bimetallic compound was synthesized and calcined. Then, was tested in a process to remove boron from aqueous solutions. Difference between calcined and non-calcined Mg-Al bimetallic compounds in removing boron from aqueous solutions were measured to determine whether the calcination process is of significant benefit. Experiments were conducted with variety of pH levels, temperatures dosage volume as well as initial boron concentration; thus finding the most suitable factors in the removing of boron in aqueous solutions using Mg-Al bimetallic compound.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Phosphorus Removal by using Nano-scale Iron Materials
Nano-scale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) was used to remove phosphorus from aqueous solution, and the influence of oxygen and pH were investigated. The higher removal efficiency was obtained from oxic condition. It is because that generated Fe^<2+> and Fe^<3+> will be formed oxide layer on the surface of NZVI which become good adsorbate. And the removal of phosphorus obviously increased when the solution pH was decreased to the acidic side due to the isoelectric point of NZVI. The higher removal efficiency was obtained under oxic and acidic pH condition. According to these results, NZVI was a optimum and useful material for removing phosphorus.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI)-Based Bimetallic for Water Treatment

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Nano-Fe/Cu particles for the remediation of cesium contaminated solutions
The great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 triggered the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Large amount of cesium was released into the environment following this severe accident. Therefore, this research work evaluated the applicability of nano-Fe/Cu particles for the removal of cesium from contaminated waters for the first time. Cesium removal was investigated using batch technique with respect to initial cesium concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, competing cations and dosage of nanoparticles. The results showed that nano-Fe/Cu particles demonstrated effective performance for removal of cesium. The removal efficiency exceeded 99% at initial cesium concentration of 1 mg/L and 1 g/L dose. The removal of cesium was largely depending on the solution pH and temperature. The current study proved the potential utility of the nano-Fe/Cu particles as a promising adsorbent for the treatment of waters containing cesium.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Inspection of Iron-Copper Bimetal Performance in Chemically Altered Atmosphere
The reactivity of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (nZVI) can be enhanced by addition of the second metal to increase surface area. In this research, the influence of pH and oxygen supply on Fe-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles' reactivity was investigated. Fe-Cu nanoparticles were synthesized through ferric chloride reduction by sodium borohydride followed by deposition of Cu metal. Iron dissolution was enhanced in acidic pH due to the presence of H+ ions which make the surface to be positively charged whereas in alkaline pH, the OH- ions contribute to the passive layer formation thus limiting further oxidation. Continuous supply led to higher Fe-Cu corrosion as opposed to limited oxygen supply since oxygen enhanced oxidation. The significance of this study is to make deductions in contaminant remediation technologies.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Enhancement of the Reduction and Adsorption Mechanism of nZVI using an effective polyacrylamide as a nonionic polymer
Nano Scale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) has been considered as an effective material for contaminated water cleanup due to the large surface area and its high reducing power. However, due to its high magnetic force, the particles tend to form aggregates resulted in decreasing its high surface area. To overcome the aggregates problem and increase the particle's surface area, polyacrylamide has been used as an effective polymer for synthesizing a stabilized nZVI particles. Comparing with non-stabilized nZVI, the polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI exhibited an excellent performance for both of the nitrate reduction and phosphorus adsorption. Different polyacrylamide dosages varied between 0.2 to 2 (g/L) were investigated, a dose of 0.6 (g/L) was the optimum ratio of polyacrylamide to nZVI to achieve the highest removal efficiency for both of phosphorus and nitrate removal. The polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI improved the nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency by 43.6 and 21.9% respectively with respect to non-stabilized nZVI.The polyacrylamide was proposed as an effective polymer for enhancing the nZVI particles reactivity to treat the nitrate and phosphorus in the contaminated water.Nano Scale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) has been considered as an effective material for contaminated water cleanup due to the large surface area and its high reducing power. However, due to its high magnetic force, the particles tend to form aggregates resulted in decreasing its high surface area. To overcome the aggregates problem and increase the particle's surface area, polyacrylamide has been used as an effective polymer for synthesizing a stabilized nZVI particles. Comparing with non-stabilized nZVI, the polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI exhibited an excellent performance for both of the nitrate reduction and phosphorus adsorption. Different polyacrylamide dosages varied between 0.2 to 2 (g/L) were investigated, a dose of 0.6 (g/L) was the optimum ratio of polyacrylamide to nZVI to achieve the highest removal efficiency for both of phosphorus and nitrate removal. The polyacrylamide stabilized nZVI improved the nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency by 43.6 and 21.9% respectively with respect to non-stabilized nZVI.The polyacrylamide was proposed as an effective polymer for enhancing the nZVI particles reactivity to treat the nitrate and phosphorus in the contaminated water.

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Enhancement of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Stability in Aqueous Solution Via Metal Hydroxide Coating
Concerns have been increased regarding the behavior of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in subsurface environmental remediation applications. In this study, the iron particles were coated by magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)_2) shell in order to improve their suspension stability in aqueous solutions. Sedimentation tests were conducted for different ratios of the coating material to evaluate the enhancement of particles stability and to determine the optimum coating ratio. Results of sedimentation tests showed that, the coated iron particles Mg(OH)_2-CnZVI exhibited better stability performance than that of bare nZVI (BnZVI). Additionally, optical absorbance results depicted that Mg/Fe coating ratios of 0.8 and 1 showed less aggregation potential than that of the other coating ratios and BnZVI as well. Moreover, beside the enhanced stability, the addition of the nonmagnetic coating layer protected the nZVI core from the rapid corrosion. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the sustainability of the coated nZVI reactivity.

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Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI)-Based Bimetallic for Water Treatment

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International Postgraduate Program in Japan: Challenges and Opportunities

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Upgrading of Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor System with Adding Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron for Wastewater Treatment
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the performance of aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) in terms of COD, phosphate removal and microbial species growth. Two lab scale SBRs were operated simultaneously for sixty days with and without adding nZVI. The reactors were fed with synthetic wastewater and acclimated with seed sludge which was taken from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant in Istanbul. As a result, next generation sequencing technology analysis confirmed that the addition of nZVI in R2 promoted some bacterial types such as Xanthomonadales and inhibited others such as Clostridiales, confirming that the effect of nZVI on the bacterial growth was genera dependent. In addition, the phosphate and COD were completely removed at the end of the study and slightly enhanced with 15 % after the addition of nZVI in R2.

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Factorial Experimental Design for Optimization of Cesium Removal from Aqueous Solutions
The effective removal of cesium from aqueous solution is an emerging issue all over the world particularly in Japan after destroyed Daiichi nuclear power plant of Fukushima. To reduce the expended chemicals and reagents in experimental work and number of the experiment, it is required to implement statistical optimization of the factors for the cesium removal process. In this study, factorial experimental design and multivariate regression technique were employed to evaluate the main effects and interactions among the pH, initial concentration and contact time in the cesium removal process using nZVI-Z as an adsorbent. The study revealed that maximum cesium removal occurred at pH level 6, initial concentration of 200 mg/L and contact time of 30 minutes. Initial concentration was the statistically significant factor followed by contact time. Moreover, the significant interaction effect was observed between contact time and initial concentration.

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Effect of Nano Zero Valent Iron Delivery Method into Porous Media on Phosphorus Removal from Groundwater
The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the delivery method of nano zero valent iron (NZVI) into porous media on the removal of phosphorus from groundwater. Different column experiments were conducted considering injection and permeable reactive barrier (PRB) approaches using sand-packed column with 65 cm length and 10 cm inner diameter. Results revealed that Injecting 10 g of NZVI into C4 resulted in the highest sorption capacity and average removal efficiency of 25 mg/L phosphorus concentration over 14 days with 197.76 mg-P/g-NZVI and 84.8% respectively. The dissolved oxygen levels in the effluent samples of the NZVI column were declined due to the oxidation process of NZVI, which was accompanied by a lower ORP values. The change of the delivery methodology of NZVI into porous media affected its capacity to remove phosphorus, revealing that injection could be better than PRB in terms of the reactive performance.

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Effect of Bimetallic Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles Ag/NZVI on Bacterial Growth
In this study, a 13-day operation was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Ag-Fe nanoparticles on bacterial growth. To do so, three samples (S1, S2, S3) made of freshly domestic wastewater were treated under anaerobic conditions. S1 was considered as the control batch while 50mg/L of zero valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) and Ag-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were added to S2 and S3, respectively. Results showed that the addition of NZVI was effective in activating the bacterial growth. However, Ag-Fe nanoparticles inhibited the bacterial growth. A comparison of the chemical oxygen demand COD of the three samples confirmed the obtained results.

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Analogy of iron-copper and iron-silver bimetals during the corrosion process
Because of their strong magnetic properties, the Fe based nanomaterials have successfully been used in order to remediate environmental contamination. The synthesis of the bimetallic nanoparticles was done following chemical reduction of ferric chloride with sodium borohydride then deposition of the respective bimetal. This study was conducted to determine the concentration influence on the dissolution of iron in the presence of the bimetallic nanoparticles along with determining the role of FeCu and FeAg bimetals during iron corrosion. The results showed that the higher the dosage, the higher the iron dissolution due to increased surface area hence reactivity. Also, the bimetals improved the reactivity of iron.

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The Involvement of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron during the Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge
Increased production of Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) calls for its proper treatment and this can be achieved by biogas production. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of 1.5g/L NZVI on the generation of bio-methane through the Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process. The results showed that sludge with NZVI (Sg/NZVI) improved the biogas production due to its electron transfer capability. The pH decreased overtime due to the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) during the AD process, however, the pH of the control decreased more than that of Sg/NVZI because the H+ was consumed during iron corrosion thus resulting in a favorable pH for the methanogens. But with time, the accumulation of VFA and ammonia resulted in the decreased production of biogas.

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Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Solutions by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron-Based Materials: A Mini Review
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic developed to fightback several bacterial diseases. The widespread application in human and animal medicine and the low biodegradation resulted in the persistent detection of ciprofloxacin in many water systems. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin threats human and aquatic life by motivating the development of antimicrobial resistant geneses in water. Microscale (ZVI) and nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) were used to efficiently remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. The aim of this mini review to summarize: (1) the possible routes for ciprofloxacin to enter the environment, (2) the mechanism of oxidizing organic pollutants by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), (3) the ways to improve the performance of nZVI and overcome its limitations and finally (4) the available treatment systems in the literature which is developed based on NZVI to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous environments.

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Numerical Analysis on Turbulence and Air-Water Scalar Transport in Open-Channel Flow Influenced by Thermal Stratification and Surface Shear Stress
It is important for estimating accurately the air-water transport of scalar such as heat and gas to understand turbulent characteristics close to the water surface. Near-surface turbulence in natural hydro-environments is influenced by the thermal stratification and the wind shear stress acting on the water surface. The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate how their factors influence the turbulent structure and the air-water scalar transport in an open channel flow by means of the direct numerical simulation, i.e., DNS. We reproduce the combined effects of the thermal stratification and the surface shear stress on the structure of the turbulent flow and the scalar transport on the water surface. The numerical results suggest that the scalar transport velocity is obviously changed by the combined effects of the thermal stratification and the surface shear stress.

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Innovative Biotechnological Applications of Galdieria Sulphuraria-Red Microalgae (GS-RMA) in Water Treatment Systems
In this study, mini review is introduced on the features of the red microalgae (RMA) and its biotechnological potential in different applications. Since it has unique extremophilic features, Galdieria Sulphuraria (GS) is considered to be a perfect microorganism candidate for various biotechnological applications in water treatment systems. Special interest has been oriented towards the applications of GS in water treatment systems, such as nutrients, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and heavy metals (HMs) removal from wastewater. Also, different future prospects have been suggested in terms of the new and innovative applications of GS in water treatment based on the gaps in the literature, including phycoremediation of HMs, bio-resin production, bio-substrate for nanoparticles, and pharmaceuticals removal from wastewater. Finally, the challenges and limitations of employing GS in biotechnological applications have been reviewed, which revealed that using GS has a great potential in largescale outdoor cultivation without becoming contaminated with other microorganisms.

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Enhancement of Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells (Mfcs) Using Iron/Copper Nanoparticles
In this study, a lab-scale microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed and power generation output was investigated for 45 days of operation. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) and Iron/copper nanoparticles (Cu/NZVI) were added to the anode chamber of the MFC with a concentration of 10 mg/L and their effects were investigated on the MFC performance. Results showed that the maximal power output density values increased by 43.33 % using copper/iron nanoparticles compared to the control MFC. Anode chamber was examined, and results proved that conductivity increased by 13.68% and 23.62% using NZVI and Cu/NZVI, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand COD was tested, and the removal efficiency reached 38.88%, 38.26%, and 52.40% for control, NZVI, and Cu/NZVI MFCs, respectively after 45 days of operation. This study highlights the effect of nanoparticles technology on power generation from activated sludge using microbial fuel cells (MFCs).

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Comparative Study of Bare and Emulsified Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron for Nitrate and Phosphorus Removal
This work aims to demonstrate the effect of polyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (PSM) on the properties and reactivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). PSM was used in this work to prepare an emulsified nZVI to overcome the particle aggregation phenomenon of nZVI and show the prepared particles with good properties. For that purpose, TEM, XRD and reactivity test of nitrate and phosphorus were performed to show the changes in the performance of nZVI after being emulsified with PSM. The results showed that the emulsified (PSM) greatly improved the removal efficiency of nitrate. Moreover, PSM enhanced the particle dispersion of nZVI and showed the particles with good properties.The results showed that the emulsified nZVI with PSM was also suitable for reduction of nitrate even at a wide range of pH. This study proposed that the emulsified nZVI could have a significant contribution in the aspects of water treatment only for the reducible contaminates.

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A Review on Water Conservation and Consumption Behavior: Leading Issues, Promoting Actions, and Managing the Policies.
Securing supplies of freshwater is now a big concern for policymakers worldwide. Water saving represents significant pro-environmental behavior for a sustainable water resource. In this paper we present the determinants of conservation and use of household water to establish the relative influence of psychosocial, environmental, and demographic bases. We evaluate the predominant study on the factors influencing excessive water consumption, the various ways in which water agencies can control over-consumption, promote residential water conservation, and claim for the demand-side programs. If we maintain the positive attitude and intention toward conservation, change our daily water use behavior, build the habit to use less water as we can, involve the pro-environmental activities, and if the government properly manage the water demand of every household, this can help to conserve water for our future generation and develop the capability to better implement water conservation agendas that respond to short-term to long term water scarcity crises.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising and rapidly evolving discipline, which is mainly applied to convert chemical energy of urban wastewater into electrical energy. Based on past research achievements, iron components (zerovalent iron nanoparticles, Fe^<2+> and Fe^<3+>) has positive enhancements on MFCs by increasing the activity of electroactive bacteria on anode chamber. In this study, the effect of zerovalent iron nanoparticles Fe^<2⁺>, Fe^<3⁺> and their combinations on a lab-scale double chamber MFCs was evaluated. Based on the results achieved, the best performance was 10 mg/L Fe^<2⁺> modified anolyte, which achieved accumulative voltage improvement of 216.8&#37;. Furthermore, it was found that more than 20 mg/L of total iron components reduces the power generation of MFCs and this is deemed excessively high for this application. Lastly, a removal rate of 91.5&#37; for Total Volatile Solids (TVS) was achieved after 30 days of operation.

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Low hydrogen production which is only 10&#37; of the gas production is a disadvantage of bio-hydrogen production in an anaerobic digestion system. The two-stage AD process can achieve hydrogen production and methane production in two reactors respectively. In most studies, the pH of the hydrogen-producing reactor is controlled at 5.5, at this time the main hydrogen-producing bacteria Clostridium butyricum can have the maximum hydrogen production rate. In addition, HRT, temperature, and the concentration of external additives are also important operating conditions for the two-stage AD process. When the added concentration of NZVI is over 30 mM, the methane production process will be inhibited, but the hydrogen production can be promoted. Therefore, how NZVI promotes hydrogen production in the two-stage AD process is still worthy of attention in the future research.

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Nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) is highly efficient in environmental pollution control technology, owing to its unique zero valent iron core iron oxide surface, which exhibits exceptional adsorption and reduction properties. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the physical and chemical properties of nano iron, with a primary focus on the preparation of nZVI. While nZVI finds extensive application in sewage treatment, it also demonstrates outstanding performance in the remediation of soil organic matter and heavy metal pollution, delivering excellent results and displaying good fluidity.