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DOI： 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137176

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

Arsenic waste must be carefully managed because of the adverse effects of arsenic in wastewater on the ecosystem. In the present study, an environmentally friendly novel composite of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and nano-zero valent iron (NZVI) was employed as an adsorbent to eliminate arsenic from the aqueous environment. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning elec-tron microscope images were used to characterize and analyze the CV/NZVI composites. Batch tests using initial arsenic concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 mg/L were conducted to evaluate removal efficien-cies. According to kinetic analysis, the best model for fitting the experimental data was the pseudo first-order model, which had the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information cri-terion (BIC) values of-23.878 and-7.902, respectively. Results alluded that physisorption is the primary mechanism influenced by As-removal by CV/NZVI composite. Due to the negative sign of the enthalpy and Gibbs free energy, the thermodynamic investigation revealed that the adsorption reaction was exothermic and spontaneous. The thermodynamic analysis also affirmed that the arsenic removal process involved primarily physisorption and slight chemisorption phenomena. Meanwhile, 1.5 g/L CV/NZVI dosage achieved 99 % As(V) removal efficiency in synthetic groundwater systems, confirming the high potential of the composite in complex aqueous systems.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121005

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Chromium (VI) contamination in groundwater represents a significant threat to the current and future groundwater resources. Thus, in this work detailed investigation was conducted on the injection of magnesium hydroxide encapsulated iron nanoparticles (nFe0@Mg(OH)2) into a 3-D bench-scale groundwater treatment system for Cr(VI) removal. Cr(VI) and total iron concentration profiles were determined for the injection of both nFe0 and nFe0@Mg(OH)2 into porous media. The results indicated the expected poor mobility of nFe0, which caused the accumulation of the injected mass within the injection zone and the low spreading range along the length of the aquifer. The injection of nFe0@Mg(OH)2 into the groundwater treatment system for 80 consecutive cycles resulted in a clear enhancement in preventing the rapid corrosion of the iron core and around 20% improvement in the final Cr(VI) removal efficiency compared with that of nFe0. The injected nFe0@Mg(OH)2 maintained the 100% Cr(VI) removal efficiency for 30 post-injection cycles. Such a promising potential of the nFe0@Mg(OH)2, proposed it as one of the perfect candidates for in-situ water treatment applications, as a reactive nanomaterial with enhanced features, in terms of the prolonged reactive performance and the widespread of the injection zone to cover a larger contaminated area within the porous media.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cej.2022.138718

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DOI： 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137176

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

Due to synthesis variation affecting various graphene oxide (GO) physicochemical parameters and cost efficiency aspects, the present study investigated the influence of GO precursor components for GO precipitated nZVI nanocomposite (nZVI/GO) and optimized removal conditions to remove chloramphenicol (CAP) from water. In order to synthesize nZVI/GO nanocomposites, four methods of GO precursor synthesis were used, denoted GO1, GO2, GO3, and GO4. A novel synthesis process is introduced based on economic and time-less-consuming protocols to produce GO precursor. A series of desorption experiments were also implemented in various eluents to clarify the CAP removal mechanism. Interestingly, this study demonstrated the substantial impact of GO precursor on the nanocomposite performance in eliminating CAP. The introduced novel GO successfully served as an excellent nZVI precipitation medium and enhanced CAP removal efficiency. Empirical optimization demonstrated that nZVI/GO4-1:1 could eliminate up to 91 % of 100 mg/L CAP by dosage as low as 0.25 g/L at pH 5. nZVI/GO4 displayed CAP removal stability throughout a more comprehensive pH range, and remarkable recyclability, making it more promising and practical than bare nZVI and other analyzed nanocomposites. Kinetics data demonstrated a high degree of compatibility with the pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-secondorder (PSO). Through kinetics and statistical analyses, desorption experiments, FTIR spectroscopy, and EDX analysis, nZVI/GO4 removed some of the CAP through the adsorption mechanism controlled by physisorption and chemisorption. In contrast, the oxidation mechanism eliminated the remaining CAP.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103289

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

This study investigates the role of coated/Fe^0 in improving the anaerobic digestion process for the purpose of increasing methane gas production rate as one of the renewable sources of energy. Up until now, the anaerobic digestion of methane production by utilizing different environmental wastes is facing many challenges including the low conversion of biomass into energy. Therefore, in this work, we used the coated/Fe^0 with magnesium hydroxide as an additive during the anaerobic digestion of waste sludge. Two semi-continuous bioreactors were operated with and without adding the coated/Fe^0 over 70 days. The result showed that the addition of coated/Fe^0 enhanced methane production by 120% compared with the control reactor. The experimental and predicted methane values have proved the great potential of coated/Fe0 towards the practical applications of AD process.

DOI： 10.5109/5909106

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

DOI： 10.5109/5909063

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Language：English   Publisher：Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University  

Antibiotics are pharmaceutical emerging contaminants (ECs) that contaminate the environment and jeopardize public health. More dangerously, the widespread consumption of antibiotics and their impact on water contamination foster the formation and evolution of antibiotic-resistant genes in microbes. Graphene Oxide (GO) is an emerging carbon material with a great potential to operate as an adsorbent to remove antibiotics from water due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Thus, this study briefly reviews topics related to antibiotic removal from water using GO-based materials. This research also summarizes the benefits of GO structural properties, adsorption mechanisms, and the affinity of the GO synthesis method to the quality of the GO produced.

DOI： 10.5109/5909114

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Water conservation is vital to safeguard future water availability when natural resources like water become extremely scarce. It is fundamental to understand the significant determinants of water conservation activities which can also facilitate the implementation of appropriate policies for water demand management. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the important social, psychological, and behavioral factors of water conservation behavior. A questionnaire survey was used to collect the data from 625 international students and employees from different universities in Japan. The structural equation modeling demonstrated that the proposed model explained 46% of the variation in water conservation behavior. Awareness of water issues was highly related to attitude, responsibility, and culture. Except for culture, attitude and responsibility were significantly connected with emotion. Finally, emotion, habit, culture and involvement were significantly and positively associated with water conservation behavior. These factors are incorporated for the first time in this study into a single model to better understand individual water conservation behavior. The sequential regression model showed that all determinants including demographic factors raised the variation's proportion by 53% in water conservation. Female participants had a significantly higher positive attitude, emotion, and water conservation behavior than male participants. Older participants exhibited higher levels of awareness, habit, culture, and water conservation behavior when compared to younger people. Lastly, participants believed that the most dominant component in water conservation behavior was the awareness of water issues. These findings could assist policymakers in raising household awareness, accountability, and involvement towards water conservation efforts.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115484

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Water contamination by ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a global and emerging issue because it increases the risk of infection by antimicrobial resistant bacteria. CIP removal from water by iron nanoparticles (Fe0) with the presence of oxalate hasn't been reported yet. The present study demonstrated that the addition of oxalate to Fe0 nanoparticles improved the removal of 100 mg L−1 of CIP from 45.04% to 95.74% under the following optimum conditions: [Fe0] = 0.3 g L−1, [oxalate] = 0.3 mM, initial pH = 7, and temperature = 25 ℃. Furthermore, the experimental results illustrated that high concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the aqueous solution greatly decreased the removal efficiency of CIP by (Fe0/oxalate) system from 97.69% (N2 atmosphere) to 67.47%. Similarly, the performance of (Fe0/oxalate) system declined from 95.43% to 85.23% because of increasing the ionic strength of the solution from 0 to 100 mM. In contrast, the influence of humic acid (0 – 40 mg L−1) on the removal of CIP by (Fe0/oxalate) system was neglectable. Also, the negative impact of coexisting ions on the competence of (Fe0/oxalate) system was in the following order: Mg2+ > NO3– > SO₄2- > Ca2+ > CO32– > K+. In addition, the desorption experiments and the results of SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR revealed that physisorption and chemisorption were responsible for CIP removal by (Fe0/oxalate) system as the addition of 0.3 mM of oxalate boosted the surface complexation between Fe0 nanoparticles and the carboxylic, ketone, and piperazinyl groups in CIP. These results were supported by the outcomes of kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic analysis. Moreover, oxalate addition significantly reduced the treatment cost of 1 L of 100 mg L−1 of CIP and the generated sludge by approximately 55.68% and 57%, respectively. Finally, this study proved that (Fe0/oxalate) system is inexpensive, practical, and more efficient than most of the reported Fe0-based systems with a maximum adsorption capacity of 294.66 mg g−1.

DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119323

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Chromium (VI) water contamination still represents a great risk to human health. Consequently, the need for unconventional adsorbents with remarkable sorption abilities is dramatically increasing. Hence, in this study, nickel hydroxide nanoplates (nNiHs) were developed to achieve rapid and significant Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. nNiHs showed an average particle size and crystallite size of 36.8 nm and 8.68 nm, respectively. Different reaction parameters were investigated, including nNiHs dosage, pH, reaction temperature, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and co-existing anions. nNiHs could efficiently remove 20 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration over a wide pH and temperature range(s) (5.0–9.0) and (25–75 °C), respectively. Pseudo 2nd order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model were the best to fit experimental data. A maximum Cr(VI) sorption capacity of 71.25 mg/g was achieved at the optimal reaction conditions (pH 5.0, temperature 25 °C, and dosage 2 g/L), comparable to the previously reported values. The governing Cr(VI) removal mechanism by nNiHs involved the high dominance of electrostatic adsorption and the low dominance of co-precipitation. The high sorption potential of the nNiHs and the high affinity of the aqueous Cr(VI) species, enabled the proposed adsorbent to yield an efficient performance in binary environmental systems.

DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119216

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

In this study, the reactive performance of magnesium hydroxide-coated iron nanoparticles (Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2)) was investigated for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. Short-and long-term progressive-release of Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2) reactivity was evaluated through several batch tests. The Multifunctional effect of the environmentally-friendly Mg(OH)(2) coating shell was represented by the progressive shell-dissolution in water and preventing the rapid corrosion of Fe-0-core, which resulted in a controlled release of Fe0 reactivity towards Cr(VI). Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2) showed good performance in preserving Fe-0 long-term reactivity within a wide range of pH (3.0 - 9.0) and temperature (15-55 ?). The long-term investigation of Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2) performance towards Cr(VI) removal confirmed the progressive and maintained reactivity, represented by the continuous release of Fe(0 )electrons, to achieve 100% removal efficiency of 40 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration over 50 days reaction time, to be reported for the first time in the literature. Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2) showed high regeneration abilities up to 5 cycles with 1.36 times average enhancement in Cr(VI) removal efficiency compared to that of Fe-0. Moreover, Fe-0 @Mg(OH)(2 )achieved an increase in the shelf-live longevity performance up to 30 days without any storing solution with 90% final Cr(VI) removal efficiency after 180 min reaction time.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jece.2022.107431

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH  

Graphene-based materials have emerged as alternative adsorbents, but their success in removing pharmaceutical contaminants has been limited due to degradation caused by restacking and limited control over their sizes and porosities. Driven by this issue, in the current study, to counteract the restacking behavior, graphene sheets are supported on a thread/rod-like matrix structure in a boron nitride foam material, and a novel porous composite foam-supported graphene is synthesized. The as-prepared novel composite offers extraordinary features, such as high absorption kinetics, large available surface area, high porosity (>98%), ecofriendliness and cost-effective synthesis, and excellent affinity to emerging pharmaceutical contaminants. When batch-testing graphene-based foam material and porous graphene nanosheets to remove gemfibrozil (GEM) from wastewater samples, rapid adsorption kinetics (<5 min) are exhibited by the graphenebased foam. Column filter studies are conducted for both materials to test their performance in removing GEM from distilled water, synthetic graywater, and actual wastewater. Overall, the foam composite-based filter marginally outperforms the sand-supported graphene filter and significantly outperforms the unsupported graphene filter. A numerical MATLAB model is developed to simulate the reactive solute transport of GEM influent through the foam filter. Also, a formal sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key parameters influencing the model results.

DOI： 10.1002/adsu.202200016

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In this study, calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al-CLDH) was successfully synthesized for boron (B) removal from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted considering various reaction conditions, including initial pH, reaction temperature, initial B concentration, Mg-Al-CLDH dosage, ambient condition, and co-existing ions effect, for optimizing B removal efficiency. Results showed that sorption kinetic rate became higher by approaching towards the neutral pH conditions, while it declined at the strong acidic or alkaline conditions. Mg-Al-CLDH was capable of removing high B concentration (80 mg/L) from aqueous solutions at a reasonable dosage of 2 g/L, with a comparable sorption capacity (22.1 mg/g) to other reported studies. Moreover, high B removal rates were observed at high reaction temperatures, reflecting the endothermic nature of the reaction, and reached equilibrium within less than 6 h at temperature of 70 degrees C. Moreover, results of 3D-RSM modeling confirmed that the middle-high range of Mg-Al-CLDH dosage values was the suitable range to achieve high B removal efficiency, in spite of pH, temperature, and initial concentration effects. Furthermore, isotherm modeling confirmed that B removal by Mg-Al-CLDH occurred via a mono-layer sorption, and thermodynamic modeling revealed the positive value of entropy change, indicating that the randomness of the solid/ liquid interaction increased within the adsorption process of B. Spent Mg-Al-CLDH showed great reusability performance by achieving 67%-75% B removal efficiency over three consecutive regeneration cycles, confirming the high potential and applicability of the presented adsorbent in real water treatment applications.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102608

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

In response to the low efficiency of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process in generating methane gas, we apply for the first time the use of coated/Fe-0 with Mg(OH)(2) to enhance the production rate of methane gas from the degradation of waste sludge. A series of batch tests investigated several operations factors followed by a semi continuous operation system examined the long-term production of methane gas in the presence of the coated/Fe0 were performed. The coating ratio of Mg(OH)(2)/Fe-0 and the dosage of coated/Fe0 were optimized to acquire the highest production rate of methane as 0.5% and 25mg/gVS, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the methane production increased by 46.6% in the batch tests and 120% in the semi-continuous operation system compared to the control reactor. The results revealed that both Fe-0 and Mg(OH)(2) did not significantly improve the production of methane when each one was used alone at different dosages, and the improved methane production originated from the synergetic effect of combining these two materials. The crucial role of Mg(OH)(2) coating layer was associated with the controlled reactivity release of Fe0, which was indicated by the slow release of Fe2+ and Fe3(+) in the bioreactors. Furthermore, the addition of coated/Fe-0 stimulated bacterial growth, increased methane content, and maintained the pH within the optimum range in the bioreactors. The dosing time of coated/Fe-0 was investigated during the four stages of AD process, and the best dosing time was found in the methanogenic stage (on Day 4). Overall, based on the experimental and predicted methane production, the coated/Fe-0 has a great potential for the practical applications of AD.

DOI： 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112192

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Synthesis of hybrid magnesium hydroxide/magnesium oxide nanorods [Mg (OH)(2)/MgO] for prompt and efficient adsorption of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions
The antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) is recognized as a contaminant of emerging concern because its persistent occurrence in water accelerates the growth of deadly antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs). For the first time, the conventional precipitation technique was thermally modified to produce hybrid magnesium hydroxide/magnesium oxide nanorods [Mg(OH)(2)/MgO] for efficient and rapid adsorption of CIP from water. The successful synthesis of Mg(OH)(2)/MgO was confirmed by the outcomes of TEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR analysis. Mg(OH)(2)/MgO exhibited an extraordinary capability to adsorb CIP from water regardless of CIP initial concentration where more than 97&#37; of 200 mg L-1 of CIP was promptly eliminated within 30 min by 0.1 g L-1 of Mg(OH)(2)/MgO under neutral pH and room temperature. These results clearly state that Mg(OH)(2)/MgO is at least 2-fold efficient and 20-fold faster in removing CIP than the reported nanomaterials with exceptional adsorption capacity higher than 1789 mg g(-1). FTIR analysis for the spent Mg(OH)(2)/MgO revealed that bridging complexation with carboxylic group and electrostatic attraction with the positive amine group are the responsible mechanisms for CIP adsorption by Mg(OH)(2)/MgO. Moreover, simulated CIP-contaminated river water was efficiently treated by Mg (OH)(2)/MgO which proves the promising performance of Mg(OH)(2)/MgO in field scale applications.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130949

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Encapsulation of iron nanoparticles with magnesium hydroxide shell for remarkable removal of ciprofloxacin from contaminated water.
The rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistant genes (AMRs) in water resources is well correlated to the persistent occurrence of ciprofloxacin in water. For the first time, encapsulated nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) with a shell of magnesium hydroxide (Mg/Fe0) was used to adsorb ciprofloxacin from water. Optimization of the removal conditions exhibited that 5&#37; was the optimum mass ratio between magnesium hydroxide and nZVI [Mg(OH)2/nZVI)] as more than 96&#37; of 100 mg L-1 of ciprofloxacin was removed. In addition, 0.5 g L-1 of Mg/Fe0 showed an extraordinary performance in removing ciprofloxacin over a wide range of pH (3-11) with removal efficiencies exceeded 90&#37;. Kinetic analysis displayed that the kinetic data was well described by both Pseudo first-order and second-order models. Also, the equilibrium data was well fitted by Freundlich isotherm model. In addition, thermodynamic analysis evidenced that the removal of ciprofloxacin by Mg/Fe0 was exothermic, and spontaneous. The experiments also revealed that physisorption and chemisorption were the responsible mechanisms for ciprofloxacin removal. The proposed treatment system remediated 10 litters of 100 mg L-1 of ciprofloxacin solution with 100&#37; overall removal efficiency. This treatment system could be a promising and practical solution to decrease ciprofloxacin concentration in different water bodies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.154

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Efficient treatment of ammonia-nitrogen contaminated waters by nano zero-valent iron/zeolite composite.
The aim of the present study is developing a magnetic nanoscale zero-valent iron/zeolite (nZVI/Z) composite towards the efficient removal of ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+-N) from aqueous solutions. Series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different factors on the removal efficiency, including pH effect, aerobic/anaerobic, NH4+-N initial concentration, and temperature. The mixing mass ratio of nZVI/Z was optimized to reach the optimal ratio (0.25 g nZVI: 0.75 g zeolite), corresponding to the best removal efficiency of 85.7&#37; after 120 min of reaction. Results revealed that nZVI/Z is efficient for NH4+-N removal from water at a wide pH range (3.0-10.0), with superiority to the neutral conditions. Moreover, aerobic ambient and normal temperature of 25 °C were the optimal conditions for the removal process of NH4+-N. Removal mechanisms involved electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and adsorption. Generally, nZVI/Z has great potential towards the practical applications of NH4+-N removal from water.

DOI： 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131990

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DOI： 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114877

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DOI： 10.2166/wpt.2021.091

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DOI： 10.18178/IJESD.2021.12.5.1330

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DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115402

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DOI： 10.2166/wst.2020.027

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DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113714

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110773

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DOI： 10.1016/j.eti.2020.100911

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.028

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DOI： 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.145018

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DOI： 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112144

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DOI： 10.1007/s11242-018-1124-0

Event date： 2022.8

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Country：Japan  

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Mini Review on Recent Applications of Nanotechnology in Nutrient and Heavy Metals Removal from Contaminated Water
Several toxic substances, such as nutrients, heavy metals, radionuclides, and pharmaceuticals, are continuously discharging to the environment, as a result of unaccountable industrial and agricultural activities, and contaminating huge quantities of soil and water. Nanotechnology was employed over the past years to remediate the contaminated waters and clean the environment from these pollutants to protect the life on the planet. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is one of the most applied nanomaterials in the field of water and wastewater treatment and it is extensively utilized to remove a wide range of contaminants from water. Thus, this mini review intends to summarize the latest applications of nZVI and its composites in eliminating several nutrients and heavy metals, namely nitrate (NO3-), phosphorous (P), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As).

DOI： 10.5109/4738583

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Radionuclides Removal from Aqueous Solutions: A Mini Review on Using Different Sorbents
In this study, mini review is presented on the use of different sorbents for radionuclides removal of from water. Four sorbents categories were considered: carbon-based, nanomaterials, bio-sorbents, and miscellaneous sorbents. Carbon-based sorbents showed excellent removal performance towards radionuclides, owing to the high specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. While Fe0 and Fe0-based composites was found to exhibit rapid sorption rate, high removal capacity, and strong redox performance for radionuclides, indicating that such nanomaterials can be very promising for in-situ removal of radionuclides, once their drawbacks (aggregation and poor mobility) are overcome. The use of bio-sorbents showed high potential of such materials to remediate radioactive contaminated water under specific environmental conditions. The critical review in this study shall represent a great contribution to the potential researchers and decision makers choosing the highly efficient, feasible, and environmentally friendly sorbents for the removal of radionuclides from aqueous solutions.

DOI： 10.5109/4738585

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Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Solutions by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron-Based Materials: A Mini Review
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic developed to fightback several bacterial diseases. The widespread application in human and animal medicine and the low biodegradation resulted in the persistent detection of ciprofloxacin in many water systems. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin threats human and aquatic life by motivating the development of antimicrobial resistant geneses in water. Microscale (ZVI) and nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) were used to efficiently remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. The aim of this mini review to summarize: (1) the possible routes for ciprofloxacin to enter the environment, (2) the mechanism of oxidizing organic pollutants by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), (3) the ways to improve the performance of nZVI and overcome its limitations and finally (4) the available treatment systems in the literature which is developed based on NZVI to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous environments.

DOI： 10.5109/4102485

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Comparative Study of Bare and Emulsified Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron for Nitrate and Phosphorus Removal
This work aims to demonstrate the effect of polyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (PSM) on the properties and reactivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). PSM was used in this work to prepare an emulsified nZVI to overcome the particle aggregation phenomenon of nZVI and show the prepared particles with good properties. For that purpose, TEM, XRD and reactivity test of nitrate and phosphorus were performed to show the changes in the performance of nZVI after being emulsified with PSM. The results showed that the emulsified (PSM) greatly improved the removal efficiency of nitrate. Moreover, PSM enhanced the particle dispersion of nZVI and showed the particles with good properties.The results showed that the emulsified nZVI with PSM was also suitable for reduction of nitrate even at a wide range of pH. This study proposed that the emulsified nZVI could have a significant contribution in the aspects of water treatment only for the reducible contaminates.

DOI： 10.5109/4102487

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Enhancement of Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells (Mfcs) Using Iron/Copper Nanoparticles
In this study, a lab-scale microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed and power generation output was investigated for 45 days of operation. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) and Iron/copper nanoparticles (Cu/NZVI) were added to the anode chamber of the MFC with a concentration of 10 mg/L and their effects were investigated on the MFC performance. Results showed that the maximal power output density values increased by 43.33 &#37; using copper/iron nanoparticles compared to the control MFC. Anode chamber was examined, and results proved that conductivity increased by 13.68&#37; and 23.62&#37; using NZVI and Cu/NZVI, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand COD was tested, and the removal efficiency reached 38.88&#37;, 38.26&#37;, and 52.40&#37; for control, NZVI, and Cu/NZVI MFCs, respectively after 45 days of operation. This study highlights the effect of nanoparticles technology on power generation from activated sludge using microbial fuel cells (MFCs).

DOI： 10.5109/4102482

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Innovative Biotechnological Applications of Galdieria Sulphuraria-Red Microalgae (GS-RMA) in Water Treatment Systems
In this study, mini review is introduced on the features of the red microalgae (RMA) and its biotechnological potential in different applications. Since it has unique extremophilic features, Galdieria Sulphuraria (GS) is considered to be a perfect microorganism candidate for various biotechnological applications in water treatment systems. Special interest has been oriented towards the applications of GS in water treatment systems, such as nutrients, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and heavy metals (HMs) removal from wastewater. Also, different future prospects have been suggested in terms of the new and innovative applications of GS in water treatment based on the gaps in the literature, including phycoremediation of HMs, bio-resin production, bio-substrate for nanoparticles, and pharmaceuticals removal from wastewater. Finally, the challenges and limitations of employing GS in biotechnological applications have been reviewed, which revealed that using GS has a great potential in largescale outdoor cultivation without becoming contaminated with other microorganisms.

DOI： 10.5109/4102483

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Effect of Nano Zero Valent Iron Delivery Method into Porous Media on Phosphorus Removal from Groundwater
The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the delivery method of nano zero valent iron (NZVI) into porous media on the removal of phosphorus from groundwater. Different column experiments were conducted considering injection and permeable reactive barrier (PRB) approaches using sand-packed column with 65 cm length and 10 cm inner diameter. Results revealed that Injecting 10 g of NZVI into C4 resulted in the highest sorption capacity and average removal efficiency of 25 mg/L phosphorus concentration over 14 days with 197.76 mg-P/g-NZVI and 84.8&#37; respectively. The dissolved oxygen levels in the effluent samples of the NZVI column were declined due to the oxidation process of NZVI, which was accompanied by a lower ORP values. The change of the delivery methodology of NZVI into porous media affected its capacity to remove phosphorus, revealing that injection could be better than PRB in terms of the reactive performance.

DOI： 10.15017/2552900

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Thermodynamic Effect on Boron Removal from Aqueous Solutions by MgAl Layered Double Hydrotalcite
Boron is an element of requirement for the growth of plants, animals and humans. Though environmental issues and health hazards are related to its applications in various industries; such as plants' growth retardation and the effect on humans' nerve system. In this research adsorption capabilities of Mg-Al Layered Double Hydrotalcite (LDH) on boron were tested to remove it from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted with variety of temperatures, and initial boron concentration; thus finding the most optimum factors and conditions. Results showed that with high temperatures faster removing rate of the contaminant from aqueous solutions was achieved. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis depicted that the adsorption process of boron on Mg-Al LDH is endothermic and involves both physisorption and chemisorption.

DOI： 10.15017/2552903

Language：English  

Upgrading of Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor System with Adding Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron for Wastewater Treatment
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the performance of aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) in terms of COD, phosphate removal and microbial species growth. Two lab scale SBRs were operated simultaneously for sixty days with and without adding nZVI. The reactors were fed with synthetic wastewater and acclimated with seed sludge which was taken from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant in Istanbul. As a result, next generation sequencing technology analysis confirmed that the addition of nZVI in R2 promoted some bacterial types such as Xanthomonadales and inhibited others such as Clostridiales, confirming that the effect of nZVI on the bacterial growth was genera dependent. In addition, the phosphate and COD were completely removed at the end of the study and slightly enhanced with 15 &#37; after the addition of nZVI in R2.

DOI： 10.15017/2552905

Language：English  

Enhancement of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Stability in Aqueous Solution Via Metal Hydroxide Coating
Concerns have been increased regarding the behavior of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in subsurface environmental remediation applications. In this study, the iron particles were coated by magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)_2) shell in order to improve their suspension stability in aqueous solutions. Sedimentation tests were conducted for different ratios of the coating material to evaluate the enhancement of particles stability and to determine the optimum coating ratio. Results of sedimentation tests showed that, the coated iron particles Mg(OH)_2-CnZVI exhibited better stability performance than that of bare nZVI (BnZVI). Additionally, optical absorbance results depicted that Mg/Fe coating ratios of 0.8 and 1 showed less aggregation potential than that of the other coating ratios and BnZVI as well. Moreover, beside the enhanced stability, the addition of the nonmagnetic coating layer protected the nZVI core from the rapid corrosion. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the sustainability of the coated nZVI reactivity.

DOI： 10.15017/1961290

Language：English  

Integrating nano-scale zero valent iron (nZVI) in phosphorus removal from aqueous solution through porous media: packed-column experiment

DOI： 10.15017/1906149