Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In lakes, the rates of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP) are often controlled by resource availability. Herein, we explore how catchment vs. within
lake predictors of metabolism compare using data from 16 lakes spanning 39N to 64N, a range of inflowing streams, and trophic status. For each lake, we combined stream loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) with lake DOC, TN, and TP concentrations and high frequency in situ monitoring of dissolved oxygen. We found that stream load stoichiometry indicated lake stoichiometry forC : N and C : P (r2 = 0.74 and r2 = 0.84, respectively), but not for N : P (r2 = 0.04). As we found a strong positive correlation between TN and TP, we only used TP in our statistical models. For the catchment model, GPP and R were best predicted by DOC load, TP load, and load N : P (R2 = 0.85 and R2 = 0.82, respectively). For the lake model, GPP and R were best predicted by TP concentrations (R2 = 0.86 and R2 = 0.67, respectively). The inclusion of N : P in the catchment model, but not the lake model, suggests that both N and P regulate metabolism and that organisms may be responding more strongly to catchment inputs than lake resources. Our models predicted NEP poorly, though it is unclear why. Overall, our work stresses the importance of characterizing lake catchment loads to predict metabolic rates, a result that may be particularly important in catchments experiencing changing hydrologic regimes related to global environmental change.

DOI： doi: 10.1002/lno.12449

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Researchers have made a significant effort to reveal plastic pollution's presence and consequences worldwide; however, there are no standard methods to evaluate the level of microplastic pollution. In this context, pollution index assessment in the marine environments contributes to showing a criteria of pollutants. Therefore, the pollution load index (), the polymer risk index (), and the pollution risk index () were estimated based on the MPs abundance and polymer-type information in situ for five areas around Japan's sea. According to H values, the contamination due to MPs presented low to moderate pollution levels in each area. Whereas the classified the pollution levels from low (offshore) to very high (coast). Based on MPs' predicted concentrations for 2030 and 2060, the is expected to increase, reaching a very high-pollution level even for offshore areas. The results of this study emphasize the importance of action to prevent additional plastic pollution and the importance of continued monitoring of the MPs in the environment.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103287

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper aims to guide the stakeholder engagement process related to plastic pollution research in marine environments. We draw on advice identified during an online workshop (Ocean Plastic Workshop 2022) organized by Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs) from 11 countries, held in April 2022. International experts and workshop participants discussed their experiences in the collaborative development and implementation of ocean plastic pollution projects held worldwide, guided by three main questions: (i) What is the role of scientists in a multi-stakeholder project? (ii) How should scientists communicate with other stakeholders? (iii) Which stakeholders are missing in collaborative projects, and why are they missing? This multidisciplinary, co-learning approach highlights the value of stakeholder engagement for ocean plastic projects with an end goal to identify and implement ocean plastic solutions via innovative technologies, informing policy, community engagement, or a combination of all three approaches. The target outcomes of the workshop described in this paper include the identification of transdisciplinary (academic-stakeholder) engagement frameworks and specific suggestions that can serve as guidelines for the development of future plastic pollution projects.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad055

Other Link： https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsad055/7110746?login=true

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Ponds are often identified by their small size and shallow depths, but the lack of a universal evidence-based definition hampers science and weakens legal protection. Here, we compile existing pond definitions, compare ecosystem metrics (e.g., metabolism, nutrient concentrations, and gas fluxes) among ponds, wetlands, and lakes, and propose an evidence-based pond definition. Compiled definitions often mentioned surface area and depth, but were largely qualitative and variable. Government legislation rarely defined ponds, despite commonly using the term. Ponds, as defined in published studies, varied in origin and hydroperiod and were often distinct from lakes and wetlands in water chemistry. We also compared how ecosystem metrics related to three variables often seen in waterbody definitions: waterbody size, maximum depth, and emergent vegetation cover. Most ecosystem metrics (e.g., water chemistry, gas fluxes, and metabolism) exhibited nonlinear relationships with these variables, with average threshold changes at 3.7 ± 1.8 ha (median: 1.5 ha) in surface area, 5.8 ± 2.5 m (median: 5.2 m) in depth, and 13.4 ± 6.3% (median: 8.2%) emergent vegetation cover. We use this evidence and prior definitions to define ponds as waterbodies that are small (< 5 ha), shallow (< 5 m), with < 30% emergent vegetation and we highlight areas for further study near these boundaries. This definition will inform the science, policy, and management of globally abundant and ecologically significant pond ecosystems.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-14569-0

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10515

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11356-022-21349-w

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Microplastics (MP) were recognized as an emergent pollution problem due to their ubiquitous nature and bioaccumulative potential. Those present in salt for consumption could represent a human exposure route through dietary uptake. The current study, conducted in Bangladesh, reports microplastics contamination in coarse salt prepared for human consumption. Sea salt samples were collected from eight representative salt pans located in the country's largest salt farming area, in the Maheshkhali Channel, along the Bay of Bengal. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with mean concentrations ranging from 78 ± 9.33 to 137 ± 21.70 particles kg−1, mostly white and ranging in size from 500–1000 µm. The prevalent types were: fragments (48%) > films (22%) > fibers (15%) > granules and lines (both 9%). Fourier transform mid-IR and near-IR spectra (FT-MIR-NIR) analysis registered terephthalate (48%), polypropylene (20%), polyethylene (17%), and polystyrene (15%) in all samples. These results contribute to the MP's pollution knowledge in sea salts to understand and reduce this significant human exposure route and environmental pollution source in the future.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-02457-y

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Digestion protocols are needed to determine microplastics abundance and features. This study assessed the organic matter (OM) digestion efficiency on plankton samples and the MPs' weight, size, and polymer changes under different digestion techniques. For this, 2-step (KOH and H2O2 + Fe2+) and 3-step (2-step and enzymes) digestion techniques were assessed under different duration and temperature conditions. The results obtained for OM digestion with 2-step and 3-step techniques were satisfactory. Weight changes were registered for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene foam, polyvinyl chloride, and polycarbonate with 2-step digestion, but with inconsistent values. Significant size changes were registered only for PET applying 2-step digestion techniques at 60 °C. Using 40 °C for 72 h prevailed all polymers from size changes. Polyethylene weathered MPs were also preserved, including an enzymatic step. Polymer fingerprints were not affected by any digestion technique. Based on these results, any method applying high temperatures will damage MPs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113027

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Evidence shows that the majority of aquatic field microplastics (MPs) could be microfibers (MFs) which can be originated directly from massive sources such as textile production and shedding from garments, agricultural textiles and clothes washing. In addition, wear and tear of tyres (TRWPs) emerges as a stealthy major source of micro and nanoplastics, commonly under-sampled/detected in the field. In order to compile the current knowledge in regards to these two major MPs sources, concentrations of concern in aquatic environments, their distribution, bulk emission rates and water mitigation strategies were systematically reviewed. Most of the aquatic field studies presented MFs values above 50%. MPs concentrations varied from 0.3 to 8925 particles m⁻³ in lakes, from 0.69 to 8.7 × 10⁶ particles m⁻³ in streams and rivers, from 0.16 to 192000 particles m⁻³ estuaries, and from 0 to 4600 particles m⁻³ in the ocean. Textiles at every stage of production, use and disposal are the major source of synthetic MFs to water. Laundry estimates showed an averaged release up to 279972 tons year⁻¹ (high washing frequency) from which 123000 tons would annually flow through untreated effluents to rivers, streams, lakes or directly to the ocean. TRWPs in the aquatic environments showed concentrations up to 179 mg L⁻¹ (SPM) in runoff river sediments and up to 480 mg g⁻¹ in highway runoff sediments. Even though average TRWR emission is of 0.95 kg year⁻¹ per capita (10 nm- 500 μm) there is a general scarcity of information about their aquatic environmental levels probably due to no-availability or inadequate methods of detection. The revision of strategies to mitigate the delivering of MFs and TRWP into water streams illustrated the importance of domestic laundry retention devices, Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) with at least a secondary treatment and stormwater and road-runoff collectors quality improvement devices.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118607

Other Link： https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749121021898?via%3Dihub

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous contaminants of great concern for the environment. MPs' presence and concentration in the air, soil, marine, and freshwater environments have been reported as a matter of priority in recent years. This review addresses the current knowledge of the main pathways of MPs in air, soil, and freshwater reservoirs in order to provide an integrated understanding of their behaviors in the continental environment. Therefore, MPs' occurrence (as particle counts), sources, and how their features as shape, size, polymer composition, and density could influence their transport and final sink were discussed. Wind resuspension and atmospheric fallout, groundwater migration, runoff from catchments, and water flow from rivers and effluents were pointed as the principal pathways. MPs' size, shape, polymer composition, and density interact with environmental variables as soil structure and composition, precipitation, wind, relative humidity, water temperature, and salinity. Sampling designs for MPs research should further consider soil characteristics, climate variability and extreme events, time lag and grasshopper effects, morphological and hydrological features of aquatic systems, and water currents, among others. Furthermore, long-term monitoring and lab experiments are still needed to understand MPs' behavior in the environment. This information will provide a unified understanding of the continental MPs pathways, including the key main findings, knowledge gaps, and future challenges to understand this emerging contaminant.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149447

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Plastic use and production have dramatically increased globally over the past 65 years with the improvement of life quality by the daily use of plastic products. Still, around 50% of the plastic produced is disposable products that generate substantial waste. Several reports pointed out the adverse effects of plastic litter in coastal environments in recent years, emphasizing single-use plastics (SUP). In this manner, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) coastal environments are highly vulnerable due to wastewater treatment facilities scarcity and poor plastic waste management strategies. Since COVID-19 pandemic, the single-use plastic waste/person rate is expected to rise due to the use of personal protective equipment and SUP as health care measures. Based on literature research and the review of plastic waste regulations, this paper will assess the main COVID-19 plastic pollution threats and LAC beaches' regulations to suggest possible measures to abate this problem. The main findings suggest that unifying the ongoing fragmented and overlapped policies is key to abate plastic pollution, including plastic industry regulations and circular economies. In addition, increasing public risk perception about plastic pollution is critical to reducing plastic waste generation. Research advances in the adverse effects of plastic debris could improve the public's perception of plastic pollution risk, pushing forward global marine plastic governance.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105613

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The intensity and frequency of storms are projected to increase in many regions of the world because of climate change. Storms can alter environmental conditions in many ecosystems. In lakes and reservoirs, storms can reduce epilimnetic temperatures from wind-induced mixing with colder hypolimnetic waters, direct precipitation to the lake's surface, and watershed runoff. We analyzed 18 long-term and high-frequency lake datasets from 11 countries to assess the magnitude of wind- vs. rainstorm-induced changes in epilimnetic temperature. We found small day-to-day epilimnetic temperature decreases in response to strong wind and heavy rain during stratified conditions. Day-to-day epilimnetic temperature decreased, on average, by 0.28°C during the strongest windstorms (storm mean daily wind speed among lakes: 6.7 ± 2.7 m s−1, 1 SD) and by 0.15°C after the heaviest rainstorms (storm mean daily rainfall: 21.3 ± 9.0 mm). The largest decreases in epilimnetic temperature were observed ≥2 d after sustained strong wind or heavy rain (top 5th percentile of wind and rain events for each lake) in shallow and medium-depth lakes. The smallest decreases occurred in deep lakes. Epilimnetic temperature change from windstorms, but not rainstorms, was negatively correlated with maximum lake depth. However, even the largest storm-induced mean epilimnetic temperature decreases were typically <2°C. Day-to-day temperature change, in the absence of storms, often exceeded storm-induced temperature changes. Because storm-induced temperature changes to lake surface waters were minimal, changes in other limnological variables (e.g., nutrient concentrations or light) from storms may have larger impacts on biological communities than temperature changes.

DOI： 10.1002/lno.11739

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

According to model projections, increases in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves are expected all over the world. This study analyzed, for the first time, the effect of heatwaves events on long-term surface latent (LE) and sensible heat fluxes (H) from two shallow lakes: La Salada lake (LS - 39°27′ S, 62°42′ W) and Sauce Grande lake (SG - 38°57′ S, 61°24′ W). The main drivers of LE and H are wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and the difference between air and water temperature. We found that the daily values of both fluxes were highly fluctuating. Mean daily H values ranged between -309.4 to 200.5 W m-2 and -78.6 to 104.8 W m-2 in LS and SG, respectively. LE oscillated between -152 and 463.9 W m-2 and between -59.2 and 360.1 W m-2 in LS and SG, respectively. Both fluxes decreased with the passage of heatwaves events, presenting a high variation in its amplitude. Changes up to 96% in mean daily LE and 671% in mean daily H for LS and up to 25% in LE and 987% in H for SG were accounted in days with heatwaves respect to regular ones. We analyzed the air temperature increase for both lakes under future global warming scenarios (RCP 4.5 y RCP 8.5), expecting higher amplitudes in heat fluxes. These results contribute to the development of lake models, as well as to water resources management in the future.

DOI： http://doi.org/10.18172/cig.4456

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Microplastics (MPs) on lakes have been reported mainly from Europe, Asia, and North America. Then, this study aimed to address the quantification and identification of MPs in nine lakes from the Argentine Patagonian Region. Blue colored fibers were dominant, with a size range between 0.2 and <0.4 mm. The mean MPs concentration was 0.9 ± 0.6 MPs m−3, suggesting a low pollution state when compared to other worldwide lakes. Raman microscopy analysis showed a predominance of Indigo Blue Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles. The upper-gradient runoff from urban settlements, textiles, and fisheries were identified as the main MPs sources and levels positively correlated with the higher area, shallower depth, and with an end-position in the watershed. These findings fill a gap in the geographical distribution knowledge, setting a baseline that emphasizes the need for better treatment of urban and fisheries wastes in continental lakes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139385

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This study address for the first time in Argentina and the South American continent the effect of water management on the presence of microplastics (MPs) in a shallow lake, assessing their contribution to the zooplankton fraction. Water samples were collected in the lake and its principal affluent, an irrigation channel, from winter 2018 to summer 2019 with a zooplankton net (47 μm). MPs were present in all analyzed samples, with a dominance of fibers, black color, and ≤ 1000 μm range size. MPs concentration was maximum during summer at the lake (180 MPs m−3) while during spring (140 MPs m−3) at the channel. Rotifers and cyclopoids dominated the zooplanktonic fraction at both sites which range sizes (< 200 to 600 μm) included most of the size range found for MPs (50–950 μm). According to our results, the MPs found represents a potential risk for the first levels of the food web. In the lake, the concentration of MPs concerning total zooplankton abundance was higher when the channel was closed. Nevertheless, when the channel was open, the higher concentration in summer matches with the increase of tourism and an extraordinary rainfall. Our results suggest that while the runoff of agro-industrial waste regulates the MPs concentration in the channel, its water management, the touristic activities, and the runoff of MPs from nearby urban settlements regulate the concentration of MPs in the lake. These findings emphasize the need for better treatment of urban and agro-industrial waste that develops near continental aquatic systems, mainly in those where tourism activities are frequent and treatment facilities scarce.

DOI： 10.1007/s10661-020-8080-1

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<jats:p>The Sauce Grande Lake, a shallow, eutrophic, and hyposaline lake, was studied through monthly samplings during a year (December 2009- November 2010). The drought that affected the region since 2009 and during the entire study period interrupted the regular inflow from the river and outflow to the Atlantic Ocean. The lake presented an increase of salinity values and highly turbid conditions as a result of the drought conditions and wind resuspension. Small cladocerans such as Moina micrura and the copepod Boeckella poopoensis dominated the mesozooplankton community. The salinity determined the mesozooplankton composition; meanwhile, the abundance dynamic was ruled by temperature in conjunction with the eutrophic conditions during the study period. In a global context of climate change, and in a region where drought and wet cycles are frequent, these results further contribute to understanding the processes affecting the zooplankton community structure and dynamics during extreme climate events.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.24215/16684869e008

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Understanding the drivers and how they affect ecosystem metabolism is essential for
developing effective management policy and plans. In this study, net ecosystem production (NEP),
ecosystem respiration (R), and gross primary production (GPP) rates were estimated in relation to
physicochemical, hydrological, and meteorological variables in La Salada (LS) and Sauce Grande
(SG), two shallow lakes located in an important agricultural region with water management.
LS is a mesosaline, mesotrophic-eutrophic lake, whereas SG is a hyposaline and eutrophic lake.
GPP and R showed daily and seasonal variations, with R exceeding GPP during most of the
study period in both lakes. Net heterotrophic conditions prevailed during the study period (NEP
LS: 􀀀1.1 mmol O2 m􀀀2 day􀀀1 and NEP SG: 􀀀1.25 mmol O2 m􀀀2 day􀀀1). From data analysis,
the temperature, wind speed, and lake volume are the main drivers of ecosystem metabolism
for both lakes. Despite the significant differences between the two lakes, the NEP values were similar.
The different hydrological characteristics (endorheic vs. flushing lake) were crucial in explaining why
the two different systems presented similar ecosystem metabolic rates, emphasizing the importance
of water management.

DOI： doi:10.3390/w10091136

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<jats:p xml:lang="es">
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la composición y abundancia del mesozooplancton en la laguna Sauce Grande (Provincia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina) durante el invierno y primavera (Hemisferio Sur) de 2010. Las muestras se colectaron mensualmente en tres estaciones, utilizando una red cónica de 200 μm de poro. El zooplancton estuvo representado por siete taxa. La abundancia varió entre 15,9±0,15 (agosto) y 71,7±31,77 ind/L (noviembre). Los grupos mejor representados fueron Copepoda y Cladocera, siendo Boeckella poopoensis y Moina micrura las especies dominantes respectivamente. Copepoda dominó en los meses más fríos del año mientras que Cladócera, lo hizo sobre fines de primavera. Esto último, podría asociarse a la marcada estacionalidad que experimenta la región.
</jats:p>
<jats:p xml:lang="en">
The aim of this study was to analyze the composition and abundance of mesozooplancton in Sauce Grande shallow lake (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) in winter and spring-2010 (Southern Hemisphere). Three stations were sampled monthly using a conic net of 200 µm mesh size. Mesozooplankton was represented by seven taxa. Mean abundance ranged from 15.9±0.15 (August) to 71.7±31.77 ind/L (November). Groups best represented were Copepoda and Cladocera, with Boeckella poopoensis and Moina micrura as dominant species, respectively. While Copepoda dominated in the coldest months of the year, Cladocera was dominant in the late spring. This could be associated with the marked seasonality of the region.
</jats:p>

DOI： 10.6018/analesbio.39.15

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Water ecosystem services have been widely explored within the context of climate change studies, becoming a key piece in addressing local water challenges and designing possible strategies for diminishing climate risks. This paper explores how ecosystem services provision in La Salada shallow lake, Argentina, including maintenance of the landscape for touristic and recreational activities, have been affected by changes in climate conditions according to the local stakeholders´ perception. After mapping and prioritizing ecosystem services using participatory research activities, it analyzes how this provision has evolved in response to the different precipitation scenarios already observed in the area. The results for the case of La Salada shallow lake indicate that there is not a clear relationship between precipitations and the key ecosystem services provided by the lake and their surrounding ecosystem, mainly due to the anthropogenic lake management, and that tourism does not seem to directly depend on climate conditions.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.04.008

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

La Salada is a shallow saline lake located in the SWof the Pampas subject to significant water
management, so the primary objective was to assess whether the water input and physicochemical
parameters have an impact on the plankton assemblages over a two year period (2013–dry and 2014–wet).
The plankton community structure and physicochemical variables showed substantial changes over the
study period. La Salada hosted a plankton community characterized by low diversity and small sized
organisms. The nanoplanktonic fraction organisms (2–20 mm) dominate the phytoplankton community.
Ochromonas sp. showed the maximum abundance throughout the whole study period. The zooplankton
community was dominated by rotifers, with a lack of cladocerans. Halotolerant species, e.g. the rotifer
Brachionus plicatilis and the cyclopod Apocyclops sp. were the main species. The seasonal temperature and
conductivity dynamics influence the plankton abundance dynamics in La Salada. The increment of nutrients
and decrease of conductivity caused by the water input led to an increase in plankton biomass and shaped its
composition. These findings emphasize that interactions between plankton, salinity, and nutrients are
sensitive to the water input and they improve the understanding of the impact of adequate management
decisions.

DOI： DOI: 10.1051/limn/2017023

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Studies based on continuous monitoring of diel changes in dissolved oxygen concentration allow the estimation of ecosystem metabolism and provide a measure of the overall trophic processes of an ecosystem. In this study, net ecosystem production (NEP), community/ecosystem respiration (R), and gross primary production (GPP) rates were estimated in relation to physicochemical and climatic variables for 18 months in La Salada, a saline shallow lake. Net autotrophic conditions prevailed during the study period (NEP: 64.05 ± 44.22 mmol O<inf>2</inf> m⁻² day⁻¹). GPP and R were positively correlated and were synchronized on a daily timescale, with GPP typically greater than R. Principal component analysis revealed that monthly rates of GPP, R, and NEP responded, as expected, to temperature and light seasonal patterns. Water level and conductivity fluctuations, because of evapoconcentration and water management, were relevant as a driver of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the lake. In saline lakes as La Salada, an adequate management of water resources will be relevant to maintain the ecosystem equilibrium and the quality of its resources.

DOI： 10.1007/s10750-014-2092-1

Event date： 2022.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：VU University, Amsterdam   Country：Netherlands  

Event date： 2022.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：SEAFDEC Training Center   Country：Thailand  

Explanation of the current methods for the monitoring and sample analysis of microplastics on water, sediment, and biological samples

Event date： 2022.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：4-Dimensional Virtual Ocean for Sustainable Development and Smart Applications, A satellite event to DITTO Summit at London Organized online by JAMSTEC   Country：Japan  

presenting a summary of the research activities and goals to be developed in the Center for Ocean Plastic Studies in Bangkok in the 4-Dimensional Virtual Ocean for Sustainable Development and Smart Applications, organized by JAMSTEC

Language：English  

Venue：Research Institute for Applied Mechanics   Country：Japan  

Language：English   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Number of participants：60

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：2

Number of peer-reviewed articles in Japanese journals：0

Proceedings of International Conference Number of peer-reviewed papers：0

Proceedings of domestic conference Number of peer-reviewed papers：0

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：2

Number of peer-reviewed articles in Japanese journals：0

Proceedings of International Conference Number of peer-reviewed papers：0

Proceedings of domestic conference Number of peer-reviewed papers：0

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：2

Number of peer-reviewed articles in Japanese journals：0

Proceedings of International Conference Number of peer-reviewed papers：0

Proceedings of domestic conference Number of peer-reviewed papers：0

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Author：Other