内田 孝紀、小野 謙二、飯田 明由、吉村 忍、加藤 千幸、山出 吉伸、今村 博、植田 祐子
：スパコン版 RIAM-COMPACT の開発と風車ウエイクシミュレーションへの適用－ドイツ Alpha Ventus 洋上風力発電所の実測データの再現性について－

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受賞者は、大規模洋上ウィンドファームの実現に資する風車ウエイク研究の重要性にいち早く着眼し、2014年1月から(株)東芝(現、東芝エネルギーシステムズ(株))と共同研究に着手した。さらに、2015年1月からは日立造船(株)と共同研究を開始した。個別の共同研究を通して、風車ウエイク研究へのより一層の取り組みが重要であるとの議論がなされてきた。日本版大規模洋上ウィンドファームの実現には、大学と複数の企業が産学連携スキームで一丸となり、スピード感をもって風車ウエイク研究を遂行することが重要との判断から、受賞者の声掛けの下、九州大学応用力学研究所、東芝エネルギーシステムズ(株)、日立造船(株)の3者の共同研究がスタートすることになった(2018年4月～現在)。本共同研究の成果として、受賞者の発案の下、風力事業者が使い易い新しい「CFDポーラスディスク・ウエイクモデル」の開発に成功した。

テーマ：洋上風力発電所の採算性および耐久性の評価に資する日本型風車ウェイクモデルの開発
受賞者：九州大学 応用力学研究所 准教授 内田 孝紀
東芝エネルギーシステムズ
エネルギーシステム技術開発センター シニアマネジャー 谷山 賀浩
日立造船 機械・インフラ事業本部
風力発電事業統括部 技術・開発部 機械・電気グループ長 吉田 忠相

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洋上風力発電の採算性と耐久性の最適設計に資する日本型CAEソフトウエアの開発

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論文名：実サイトにおける風車後流の影響評価 その５：海風と陸風によるウェイク性状の評価
著者：深谷 侑輝, 内田 孝紀, 白 志仁、谷山 賀浩, 吉田 忠相

題目「スパコン版RIAM-COMPACTの開発と風車ウエイクシミュレーションへの適用－風洞模型スケールから実機スケールまで－
内田 孝紀, 小野 謙二, 飯田 明由, 吉村 忍, 加藤 千幸, 山出 吉伸, 今村 博, 植田 祐子

論文名：Validation Study of Multi-Rotor Systems Using Two Shrouded Wind Turbines
著者：Amr M. Halawa, Takanori Uchida, Koichi Watanabe, Yuji Ohya

論文名：地形性乱流が風車構造強度に与える影響に関する研究
(非定常乱流モデルLESによる地形性乱流診断)
著者名：川島 泰史*1, 内田 孝紀*2, 清木荘一郎*3, 近藤 勝俊*3

「数値風況予測システム『RIAM-COMPACT®（リアムコンパクト）』の開発」に対して、ISIT創立20周年記念 九州先端科学技術研究開発表彰 情報通信分野（IT）賞を受賞した。内田准教授は数値風況予測技術リアムコンパクトを開発した。本技術は風力発電業界において広く普及し、風車の故障、重大事故発生の未然防止に多大な貢献をした。

「風レンズ技術による高効率風車の開発」に対して、第11回産学官連携功労者表彰「環境大臣賞」を受賞した。その中で、内田准教授は数値風況予測技術リアムコンパクトを開発し、レンズ風車の設置支援、および国内外の大型ウィンドファームの風況診断の実現に寄与した。

RKB毎日放送(株)が製作，放送した番組「甦る元寇の船～神風の正体に迫る～」が第54回科学技術映像祭にて「文部科学大臣賞」を受賞した．
この番組に出演するとともに，RIAM-COMPACT®による数値風況シミュレーションの結果から神風に対する考察を行った．

論文題目「複雑地形上の風車ウエイクのLES」

論文題目「気象モデルと流体工学モデルを用いた風車設置地点における設計風速評価手法の提案」

論文題目「連続的な風向変化を考慮した数値風況予測モデルの開発―風車の耐風設計用風速評価への適用―」

「風車に対するウィンドリスクの視覚的特定と力学的機構の研究」

論文題目「気象モデルと流体工学モデルRIAM-COMPACT®を用いた風車設置地点における設計風速評価手法の提案」

論文題目「風車立地点近傍に発生する地形乱流の高解像度LES」

論文題目「Google Earthを活用した風力発電適地探査法の試み」

論文題目「局所風況シミュレータRIAM-COMPACTの開発」

論文題目「最適周速比で運転する風車後流と静止円盤後流の比較」

「風力発電適地選定支援のための風況解析ソフトウエアの開発とその実用化の達成」 という内容で，平成17年度船井情報科学振興財団，船井情報科学奨励賞(12件／年，コンピューターサイエンス部門)に応募し，選ばれた．

論文題目「種々の安定成層場における三宅島火山ガス挙動の数値シミュレーション」

論文題目「流体シミュレーション技術と地理情報システムを連携した新しい風力発電適地選定手法の開発」

ポスタータイトル「Micro-siting Technique for Wind Turbine Generator by Using One PC」

作品タイトル「風力タービン適地探査のための
風況シミュレータRIAM-COMPACTによる風に対する地形効果の再現」

論文題目「PCクラスタを用いた風況予測シミュレータRIAM-COMPACTの実用化へ向けた検討」

作品タイトル「三宅島の噴煙挙動の可視化」

論文題目「有限流路内の2次元丘陵地形を過ぎる安定成層流の非定常性」

作品タイトル「安定成層流中の地形効果」

記述言語：英語  

This paper proposes a procedure for predicting the actual wind speed for flow over complex terrain with CFD. It converts a time-series of wind speed data acquired from field observations into a time-series data of actual scalar wind speed by using non-dimensional wind speed parameters, which are determined beforehand with the use of CFD output. The accuracy and reproducibility of the prediction procedure were investigated by simulating the flow with CFD with the use of high spatial resolution (5 m) surface elevation data for the Noma Wind Park in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The errors of the predicted average monthly wind speeds relative to the observed values were less than approximately 20%.

DOI： 10.3390/en11071694

その他リンク： https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071694

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936748

記述言語：英語  

In the present study, numerical wind simulation was conducted by reproducing the realistic topography near wind turbine sites with high spatial resolutions and using the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. The topography near wind turbine sites serves as the origin of the terrain-induced turbulence. The obtained numerical simulation results showed that the terrain-induced turbulence is generated at a small terrain feature located upstream of the wind turbine. The generated terrain-induced turbulence affects the wind turbine directly. The wind speed and wind direction at the wind turbine site are significantly changed with time. In the present study, a combination of the series of wind simulation results and on-site operation experience led to a decision to adopt an “automatic shutdown program”. Here, an “automatic shutdown program” means the automatic suspension of wind turbine operation based on the wind speed and wind direction meeting the conditions associated with significant effects of terrain-induced turbulence at a wind turbine site. The adoption of the “automatic shutdown program” has successfully led to a large reduction in the number of occurrences of wind turbine damage, thus, creating major positive economic effects.

DOI： 10.3390/en11061530

その他リンク： https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061530

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936747

記述言語：英語  

The author’s research group has been conducting research on applications of various meteorological Grid Point Value (GPV) data offered by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) to the field of wind power generation. In particular, the group’s research has been focusing on the following areas: 1) the use of GPV data from the JMA Meso-Scale Model (MSM-S; horizontal resolution: 5 km) and the JMA Local Forecast Model (LFM-S; horizontal resolution: 2 km), and 2) examinations of the prediction accuracy of local wind assessment with the use of these data. In both the MSM-S and the LFM-S, grid points are fixed at 10 m above the sea (ground) surface. The purpose of the present study is to establish a method in which the values of the MSM-S and LFM-S wind speed data from the 10 m height are used as the reference wind speed and are, using a power law, vertically extrapolated to 80 to 90 m heights, typical hub-heights of offshore wind turbines. For this purpose, the present study examined time-averaged vertical profiles of wind speed over the ocean based on the MSM-S data and in-situ data in the Hibikinada area, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As a result, it was revealed that a strong wind shear existed close to the sea surface, between the 10 and 30 m heights. In order to address the above-mentioned wind shear, a two-step vertical extrapolation method was proposed in the present study. In this method, two values of N, specifically for low and high altitudes (below and above approximately 30 m, respectively), were calculated and used. The data were created for the five years between 2012 and 2016. Similarly to previous analyses, the analysis of the created data set indicated that the potential of offshore wind power generation in the Hibikinada area, Kitakyushu City is quite high.

DOI： 10.4236/epe.2018.104011

その他リンク： http://file.scirp.org/Html/2-6202140_84299.htm

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936760

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/ojfd.2018.81003

その他リンク： https://doi.org/10.4236/ojfd.2018.81003

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936761

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1660832

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1660339

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

Because a significant portion of the topography in Japan is characterized by steep, complex terrain, which results in a complex spatial distribution of wind speed, great care is necessary for selecting a site for the construction of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs). We have developed a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for unsteady flow called Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, COMputational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain (RIAM-COMPACT®). The RIAM-COMPACT® CFD model is based on Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. In this paper, the numerical wind simulation over the Taikoyama wind farm was executed using the high resolution elevation data. As a result, the numerical results obtained suggest that all the six WTGs in the Taikoyama wind farm are subject to significant influence from separated flow (terrain-induced turbulence) which is due to the topographical irregularity in front of WTGs. The new reproduction proposal was also done.

記述言語：日本語  

The present study compared the prediction accuracy of two CFD software packages for simulating a flow around a three-dimensional, isolated hill with a steep slope: 1) Meteodyn WT (turbulence model: k-L RANS), which is one of the leading commercially available CFD software packages in the wind power industry and 2) RIAM-COMPACT® (turbulence model: the standard Smagorinsky LES), which has been developed by the lead author of the present paper. Although the Reynolds number settings differed between the simulation with Meteodyn WT and that with RIAM-COMPACT®, distinct differences in the flow patterns were identified in the vicinity of the isolated hill (especially downstream of the isolated hill) between the flows simulated by the two CFD software packages.

記述言語：英語  

Because a significant portion of the topography of Japan is characterized by steep, complex terrain, which results in a complex spatial distribution of wind speed, great care is necessary for selecting a site for the construction of wind turbines. We have developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for unsteady flow called Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, COMputational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain (RIAM-COMPACT®). The RIAM-COMPACT® CFD model is based on the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique. In this paper, a numerical wind simulation for the Taikoyama Wind Farm is performed using high-resolution terrain elevation data. The results suggest that all six wind turbines at the Taikoyama Wind Farm are subject to significant influence from separated flow (terrain-induced turbulence) which is generated due to the topographical irregularities in the vicinity of the wind turbines. A proposal has been also made on reconstruction of the wind farm.

記述言語：日本語  

In this report, we explain the outline of the weather GPV data such as MSM. Next, the flow characteristics of winter in Fukuoka-shi are reported through comparison between the actual measurement data (observed value) and the weather GPV data.

記述言語：日本語  

In this report, we explain the outline of the weather GPV data such as MSM. Next, the onshore and offshore wind characteristics in Fukuoka-shi are reported through comparison between the actual measurement data (observed value) and the weather GPV data.

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/27124

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/27125

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

本研究では，最新の研究成果を取り入れ，より現実に近い強風性状を取り込み，かつ，安全性を確保したものとして風車設置地点における耐風設計用の基準風速を求める一手法を提案したものである．

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Wind-tunnel experiments in a thermally stratified wind tunnel and direct numerical simulations were performed to simulate the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) that developed over a coastal area in a sea-breeze flow. The results of the simulations were analyzed to investigate turbulence structure in the TIBL. To study the effects of the atmospheric stability over the sea on the TIBL, two vertical profiles of temperature were created in the upstream portion of the wind-tunnel experiment and the direct numerical simulation. Turbulence statistics of the TIBL changed significantly according to the temperature profile over the sea, indicating that the stability of the flow over the sea has a significant effect on the structure and turbulence characteristics of the TIBL. Furthermore, the TIBL heights were estimated from the vertical profiles of the local Richardson number. The estimated TIBL heights agreed with those predicted by a pre-existing relation, suggesting that both the wind-tunnel experiment and the direct numerical simulation accurately reproduced the growth of the TIBL.

DOI： 10.1007/s10546-008-9343-5

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

風力業界で未解決課題であった風車に対する風の乱れ(ウィンドリスク)に対して，NEDO技術開発機構の産業技術研究助成事業(若手研究グラント)に採択され，研究代表者として3年間の研究開発を実施した．本研究を通じ，先端的数値風況予測モデル「RIAM-COMPACT®(リアムコンパクト)」を駆使し，世界で初めてウィンドリスクの存在を視覚的に特定することに成功し，その力学的機構を解明した．一連の成果に対し，2010年科学技術分野の文部科学大臣表彰・若手科学者賞を受賞した．

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In order to develop an overall efficient and accurate method of simulating an unsteady three-dimensional atmospheric flow over topography, we examined two grid systems and corresponding variable arrangements: one is a body-fitted coordinate (BFC) grid system based on a collocated variable arrangement; the other is an orthogonal grid system based on a staggered variable arrangement. Using these codes, we calculated the wind system over topography such as an isolated hill and real complex terrain. Both codes remarkably removed the numerical difficulties such as the convergence of the SOR method in solving the pressure Poisson equation, resulting in numerical results with much higher accuracy. Despite the differences in the grid system and in variable arrangement, no significant differences in the flow pattern between the both numerical results were found. Compared with the previous studies, the numerical results obtained are very satisfactory in the sense that overall characteristic flows are successfully simulated irrespective of the simulation codes.

DOI： 10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00024-0

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Stably stratified flows over a two-dimensional hill in a channel of finite depth are analyzed numerically by using a newly-developed multi-directional finite-difference method at a Reynolds number Re = 2000. To simplify the phenomena occurring in the flow around the hill, the free-slip condition for the velocity is assumed on the ground, and the nonslip condition is imposed only on the hill surface. Attention is focused on the unsteadiness in the flow around the hill for the cases of K( = NH/πU) > 1 where N and U are the buoyancy frequency and free-stream velocity and H is the domain depth. The flow unsteadiness is discussed, being associated with shedding of the upstream advancing columnar disturbance.

DOI： 10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00096-2

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 電気学会  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejpes.144.nl8_2

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本風力エネルギー学会  

In this study, we investigated a method of utilizing the drone itself as a wind speed sensor without
mounting a special observation device on the drone. As a result, we constructed a calibration formula to
convert the flight record data to an arbitrary wind speed. Next, we applied this method to the airflow
measurement in the wake region for the large commercial wind turbine and succeeded in reproducing the
airflow characteristics caused by the wind turbine wake phenomenon.

DOI： 10.11333/jwearonbun.48.3_61

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Wind turbine wakes are known to cause significant reductions in power generation and increased load on downwind wind turbines. Therefore, controlling wind turbine wakes is crucial, and yaw steering is considered one of the most effective methods of doing so. In this study, wind tunnel experiments using a wind turbine model and Large-eddy simulations (LES) were conducted to gain a better understanding of the wake of a yawed wind turbine. The results showed a clear difference in the horizontal distribution of wake velocity at hub height for positive and negative yaw angles, as well as both lateral and vertical wake deflections. Further investigation revealed that wind towers have a significant effect on the wakes of yawing wind turbines. For positive yaw angles, the velocity deficit is larger above the rotor, resulting in a vertical wake shape caused by the interference between the blade wakes and detached flow from the tower. Conversely, for negative yaw angles, the velocity deficit is larger below the rotor, resulting in a horizontal wake shape. These findings will facilitate the development of more accurate wake models and control methods.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128091

リポジトリ公開URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7148447

記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Wind tunnel experiments were conducted by installing wind-acceleration structures on both sides of a straight-bladed vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) to improve the output performance of the turbine. In the case of Venturi-shape structures, a curved shape with a large outlet opening produced a higher power output than straight or brimmed Venturi shapes. More importantly, two simple flat plates installed upstream of the wind turbine achieved the highest power enhancement of 2.4 times the power of the bare wind turbine. From the analysis of the flow visualization results, the power enhancement was attributed to the increase in lift force on the blades in the upstream region due to the acceleration of the gap flow between the flat plates, and the decrease in drag force on the blades toward the upstream region due to stagnation of the flow behind the plates.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186719

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

抄録
In offshore wind firm, wind turbines are densely placed in a narrow area, and a wind speed attenuation and strong turbulence generated behind the turbines, known as wakes, cause decrease power with other wind turbines. In this study, to clarify the wind speed attenuation as a function of the distance from the wind turbine, we measured the wakes of the 3.3 MW wind turbine in commercial operation and the small model wind turbine installed in a wind tunnel. Furthermore, we applied this wake data to machine learning to develop new wake prediction models, which showed wind speed profiles within a relative error of 5%.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.32.0_68

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

抄録
In offshore wind firm, wind turbines are densely placed in a narrow area, and a wind speed attenuation and strong turbulence generated behind the turbines, known as wakes, cause decrease power with other wind turbines. In this study, to clarify the wind speed attenuation as a function of the distance from the wind turbine, we measured the wakes of the 3.3 MW wind turbine in commercial operation and the small model wind turbine installed in a wind tunnel. Furthermore, we applied this wake data to machine learning to develop new wake prediction models, which showed wind speed profiles within a relative error of 5%.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.32.0_68

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.14887/jaweam.2023.0_151

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study investigated the surface flow and the aerodynamic characteristics of a 7/10 scale Ahmed model equipped with deflectors at several angles. The experiments were conducted at Reynolds number of 2.45 × 105 based on the model height. A global luminescent oil film skin-friction measurement technique was applied for the flow fields on the slant and base surfaces. The aerodynamic forces of the model were measured to understand the effect of the deflection angle on the aerodynamic characteristics. The pressure was measured and pressure drags acting on the slant and base surfaces were also calculated. The results showed that the drag and lift of the model suddenly dropped at the deflection angle above −5°. The pressure distribution on the slant and base surfaces became flat with a maximum drag reduction of 8 for the model with a deflection angle of 0°. The skin-friction measurement indicated that the drag reduction was connected to the breakdown of the separation bubble and longitudinal vortices on the slant. At the fully separated flow state, the skin-friction results illustrated two small vortices and a counter-clockwise vortex on the slant. Additionally, the wake vortices shifted from horizontal to vertical structures. The relation among the flow fields on the slant surface, flow on the symmetric plan, pressure distribution, and drag was illustrated for the model with different deflection angles.

リポジトリ公開URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/6789522

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In the current work we experimentally explored yawed wind turbine wake impacts on downwind wind turbine performances and wind loads. The lab-scale wind turbine model with a rotor diameter (D) of 0.442 m and a height of 1 m (=2.26D) was installed in a closed-circuit boundary layer wind tunnel (test section: 15 m long × 3.6 m wide × 2.0 m high) of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM) of Kyushu University. Power performance tests were initially conducted with a single rotor in isolation in order to characterize a rotor’s power output in stand-alone conditions. A detailed comparison of the tests revealed that the power output decreased rapidly as the yaw angle (γ) increased. It is presumed that the power output decrease in yawed cases is mainly due to the decrease in the effective rotor area and the change in the angle of the incoming wind flow with respect to the wind turbine blade. Next, using two wind turbine models aligned with the dominant inflow direction, the merging wakes behaviors caused by three different lateral separation distances were tested: (a) Case 1 (y = 0), (b) Case 2 (y = 0.5D), and (c) Case 3 (y = 1D). Here, the separation distance between the two wind turbine models was fixed at 6D in all cases. Extremely large power output deficits of 46%–76% were seen in the Case 1 configuration. This is mainly due to the significant wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model. In the Case 2 configuration with γ values of 20° and 30°, a significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbines was observed. Similar to Case 1 configuration, these results are considered to be mainly due to the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits and wake deflection. Finally, in the Case 3 configuration, no significant difference was found in all of the results, and the tendency was almost the same. We show that the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model had almost no effect on the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. We evaluated the total power output of the two turbines. As a result, in the Case 2 configuration with 20° yaw angle, the total power output of the two wind turbine models was the highest due to the increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. In order to investigate the main cause of the significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model at 20° and 30° yaw angles in the Case 2 configuration, we measured the lateral wind speed distribution at the 6D position on the downwind side of the upwind wind turbine model by using the ultrasonic anemometer. As a results, it was clarified that the peak of the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model is clearly shifted away from the downwind turbine such that it experiences a smaller deficit due to wake steering. Also, with wake steering the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits may be smaller due to the reduction in rotor area. Finally, it is extremely important to understand the wind load acting on the downwind wind turbine model operating within the wake region induced by the upwind yawed wind turbine model when the maximum power output is generated. It can be seen that as the yaw angle of the upwind wind turbine model increased, the power output generated by the downwind wind turbine model and the streamwise wind load acting on it also increased. However, it was also clarified that the streamwise wind load acting on the downwind wind turbine model in this situation did not exceed the stand-alone value.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221150219

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

To verify the effectiveness of the GPU simulation of wake effects at a large-scale offshore wind farm, we ran an in-house large-eddy simulation (LES) solver with a CFD porous disk wake model for the Horns Rev 1 wind farm. For this numerical research, we prepared the latest workstation equipped with a Xeon W-2265 CPU and an NVIDIA RTX A6000 GPU. We clarified that the calculation speed of the single GPU of the NVIDIA RTX A6000 is approximately 10 times faster than the calculation speed of the Xeon W-2265. Careful data analysis and visualization of the unsteady turbulent flow fields obtained in the current LES study suggest that the mutual interference of the wakes developed by wind turbines may frequently form a local speed-up region around wind turbines, located on the downstream side of large offshore wind farms.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X221132003

リポジトリ公開URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/6789527

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wind Engineering  

To verify the effectiveness of the GPU simulation of wake effects at a large-scale offshore wind farm, we ran an in-house large-eddy simulation (LES) solver with a CFD porous disk wake model for the Horns Rev 1 wind farm. For this numerical research, we prepared the latest workstation equipped with a Xeon W-2265 CPU and an NVIDIA RTX A6000 GPU. We clarified that the calculation speed of the single GPU of the NVIDIA RTX A6000 is approximately 10 times faster than the calculation speed of the Xeon W-2265. Careful data analysis and visualization of the unsteady turbulent flow fields obtained in the current LES study suggest that the mutual interference of the wakes developed by wind turbines may frequently form a local speed-up region around wind turbines, located on the downstream side of large offshore wind farms.

DOI： 10.1177/0309524X221132003

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：SAGE Publications  

To verify the effectiveness of the GPU simulation of wake effects at a large-scale offshore wind farm, we ran an in-house large-eddy simulation (LES) solver with a CFD porous disk wake model for the Horns Rev 1 wind farm. For this numerical research, we prepared the latest workstation equipped with a Xeon W-2265 CPU and an NVIDIA RTX A6000 GPU. We clarified that the calculation speed of the single GPU of the NVIDIA RTX A6000 is approximately 10 times faster than the calculation speed of the XeonW-2265. Careful data analysis and visualization of the unsteady turbulent flow fields obtained in the current LES study suggest that the mutual interference of the wakes developed by wind turbines may frequently form a local speed-up region around wind turbines, located on the downstream side of large offshore wind farms.

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

To improve the forecast accuracy of the annual energy production from wind power, the characteristics of the atmospheric stability distribution are summarized using data from wind observation towers at ten sites in Japan. The bulk Richardson numbers indicate that stable conditions prevailed at seven out of ten locations. An analysis of each met mast indicated that the prevailing stability varied by season and differed not only according to the area but also according to the wind farm scale. These differences are thought to result from the distance to the sea and the wind shear. In addition, we compared the results according to the observational data and the bulk Richardson number calculated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model（WRF） during each season. The prevailing atmospheric stability at the observation points is affected by the atmospheric stability of the land and the surrounding ocean. The results of previous research and this study indicate that considering the atmospheric stability enables more correct estimations of the annual wind power energy production. If possible, seasonal and local differences in the atmospheric stability should be considered to better estimate the wind power generation.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.11333/jwearonbun.46.4_38

リポジトリ公開URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/6789520

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The effects of short automatic moving deflectors (AMD) on the aerodynamic characteristics of Ahmed body are considered in this study. AMDs, known as biomimetic control devices, were added to the leading edge of the slanted surface. Its position was automatically adjusted in a separation flow. The aerodynamic drag, the pressure, and the skin-friction distribution on the slanted surface were measured for the model with three deflectors with lengths of 9%, 18%, and 30% of the slant. Particle image velocimetry was also utilized to assess the flow on the vertical symmetric plane. The Reynolds number based on the height of the model is between 1.44 × 105 and 2.80 × 105. The results showed that at a low Reynolds number, a short deflector increases the drag of the model. The effectiveness of the deflector in reducing the drag arises at a high velocity, where a maximum drag reduction of 11% was observed. The deflectors also reduced the lift coefficient by as much as 89%. Global luminescent oil-film skin-friction measurements showed that in the low drag state, the structure of the longitudinal vortexes and the separation bubble disappear on the surface. A complex flow structure is classified for the baseline model and the model with deflectors. The relationship between the surface flow, pressure distribution, and flow on the symmetric vertical plane is discussed in detail.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056341

リポジトリ公開URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/6789532

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本風力エネルギー学会  

To improve the forecast accuracy of the annual energy production from wind power, the characteristics of the atmospheric stability distribution are summarized using data from wind observation towers at ten sites in Japan. The bulk Richardson numbers indicate that stable conditions prevailed at seven out of ten locations. / An analysis of each met mast indicated that the prevailing stability varied by season and differed not only according to the area but also according to the wind farm scale. These differences are thought to result from the distance to the sea and the wind shear. In addition, we compared the results according to the observational data and the bulk Richardson number calculated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model（WRF） during each season. The prevailing atmospheric stability at the observation points is affected by the atmospheric stability of the land and the surrounding ocean. / The results of previous research and this study indicate that considering the atmospheric stability enables more correct estimations of the annual wind power energy production. If possible, seasonal and local differences in the atmospheric stability should be considered to better estimate the wind power generation.

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE Publications  

<jats:p> In the current work we experimentally explored yawed wind turbine wake impacts on downwind wind turbine performances and wind loads. The lab-scale wind turbine model with a rotor diameter ( D) of 0.442 m and a height of 1 m (=2.26 D) was installed in a closed-circuit boundary layer wind tunnel (test section: 15 m long × 3.6 m wide × 2.0 m high) of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM) of Kyushu University. Power performance tests were initially conducted with a single rotor in isolation in order to characterize a rotor’s power output in stand-alone conditions. A detailed comparison of the tests revealed that the power output decreased rapidly as the yaw angle (γ) increased. It is presumed that the power output decrease in yawed cases is mainly due to the decrease in the effective rotor area and the change in the angle of the incoming wind flow with respect to the wind turbine blade. Next, using two wind turbine models aligned with the dominant inflow direction, the merging wakes behaviors caused by three different lateral separation distances were tested: (a) Case 1 ( y = 0), (b) Case 2 ( y = 0.5 D), and (c) Case 3 ( y = 1 D). Here, the separation distance between the two wind turbine models was fixed at 6 D in all cases. Extremely large power output deficits of 46%–76% were seen in the Case 1 configuration. This is mainly due to the significant wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model. In the Case 2 configuration with γ values of 20° and 30°, a significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbines was observed. Similar to Case 1 configuration, these results are considered to be mainly due to the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits and wake deflection. Finally, in the Case 3 configuration, no significant difference was found in all of the results, and the tendency was almost the same. We show that the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model had almost no effect on the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. We evaluated the total power output of the two turbines. As a result, in the Case 2 configuration with 20° yaw angle, the total power output of the two wind turbine models was the highest due to the increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model. In order to investigate the main cause of the significant increase in the power output of the downwind wind turbine model at 20° and 30° yaw angles in the Case 2 configuration, we measured the lateral wind speed distribution at the 6 D position on the downwind side of the upwind wind turbine model by using the ultrasonic anemometer. As a results, it was clarified that the peak of the wake velocity deficits induced by the upwind wind turbine model is clearly shifted away from the downwind turbine such that it experiences a smaller deficit due to wake steering. Also, with wake steering the upwind turbine-induced wake velocity deficits may be smaller due to the reduction in rotor area. Finally, it is extremely important to understand the wind load acting on the downwind wind turbine model operating within the wake region induced by the upwind yawed wind turbine model when the maximum power output is generated. It can be seen that as the yaw angle of the upwind wind turbine model increased, the power output generated by the downwind wind turbine model and the streamwise wind load acting on it also increased. However, it was also clarified that the streamwise wind load acting on the downwind wind turbine model in this situation did not exceed the stand-alone value. </jats:p>

DOI： 10.1177/0309524x221150219

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本風工学会  

DOI： 10.14887/jaweam.2023.0_151

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：水文・水資源学会  

<p>2050年までに激甚化しつつある豪雨を制御し極端風水害の脅威から解放された安全安心な社会を実現するために，本研究ではゲリラ豪雨と線状対流系豪雨を対象として，それらの豪雨の発生・発達過程に介入することによって豪雨の強度や発生頻度を抑制するための研究開発に取り組む． 現状では豪雨の発生過程を陽に表現する数値気象モデルは限られていて豪雨の発生・発達過程への介入による豪雨の抑制効果を評価することが難しい．そのため，まずはそれらのモデル開発に注力し，さらに数値気象モデルと模型実験・現地観測による豪雨制御手法を数値的に構築するとともに，豪雨の発生・発達に効果的にインパクトを与える工学的手法を開発していく．その際，複数種類の工学的手法を考案し，それらを多時点・多段階的にリアルタイムで最適に実施するための制御システムを構築する．加えて，豪雨制御による自然への短期的・長期的影響評価とELSIとRRIの視座から，人が自然を改変することを許容される範囲（すなわち，“自然の懐”）を明らかにし，自然と人を繋ぐキーファクターとして豪雨制御技術を位置づけることによって，豪雨と人が共に生きる未来社会を形成していく．本発表では，初期検討結果，および，当初想定していなかったが新たに見えてきた視点について報告する．</p>

DOI： 10.11520/jshwr.36.0_246

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study investigates the effect of a deflector on Ahmed model drag and the flow on the slant during steady crosswind conditions by experimental methods at a based-height Reynolds number of 2.45 × 105. The length deflector is 0.09 times the length of the slant. The deflector was fixed at the leading edge of the slant with an upward angle of 5° to the horizontal axis. Force, pressure, and global skin-friction measurements were conducted to understand the relation between drag, pressure distribution, and flow fields on the slant surface. The results showed that the deflector reduces aerodynamic drag at low yaw angles. This result is due to the breakdown structure of longitudinal vortexes and the separation bubble, which leads to fully separated flow on the leading edge of the slant. However, at yaw angles above 8°, a large reversed flow region forms on the slant and the drag of the model increases. A similar flow structure on the slant is observed for yaw angles of 12° and 15°. Conversely, the model lift is reduced with the deflector at all yaw angles tested. Detailed pressure distribution and complex flow structure on the slant provide insight in this study.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2022.105238

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wind Engineering  

To visualize and characterize the unsteady properties of the wake trailing behind a wind turbine, we propose a novel numerical methodology in this study. Through a wind-tunnel experiment using a smoke generator, we succeeded in visualizing a compact-type small-scale wind turbine wake using continuous scalar plumes from a single point source. Next, to simulate the above wind-tunnel experiment, we proposed a method using the passive scalar advection–diffusion equation based on a high-fidelity large-eddy simulation (LES). The actuator-line method (ALM) was adopted for the wind turbine model. We succeeded in qualitatively reproducing the wake visualization experiment in the wind tunnel described above and verified the effectiveness of the proposed numerical visualization method. To evaluate the characteristics of wakes generated by wind turbines in more detail, we conducted a quantitative comparison using a disk-shaped volume source with the same size as the swept area, set behind the wind turbine model. The results indicated that the non-dimensional time-averaged passive scalar profile in the near- and far-wake regions qualitatively matched the shape of the stream-wise velocity profile, despite having opposite signs. In other words, it was shown that if a disk-shaped volume source with the same size as the swept area is placed just behind the wind turbine, it is possible to accurately predict the behavior of the wind turbine wake. Finally, to validate the proposed method for wind farm wake management, we performed a visualization of wake flows in a virtual offshore wind farm consisting of 12 wind turbines with short separation distances. Through detailed comparison of two types of numerical results with different wind directions, we showed that the proposed method can effectively demonstrate the range of spatial influence of the wakes formed by the wind turbine with special attention.

DOI： 10.1177/0309524X221113011

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics  

This study investigates the effect of a deflector on Ahmed model drag and the flow on the slant during steady crosswind conditions by experimental methods at a based-height Reynolds number of 2.45 × 105. The length deflector is 0.09 times the length of the slant. The deflector was fixed at the leading edge of the slant with an upward angle of 5° to the horizontal axis. Force, pressure, and global skin-friction measurements were conducted to understand the relation between drag, pressure distribution, and flow fields on the slant surface. The results showed that the deflector reduces aerodynamic drag at low yaw angles. This result is due to the breakdown structure of longitudinal vortexes and the separation bubble, which leads to fully separated flow on the leading edge of the slant. However, at yaw angles above 8°, a large reversed flow region forms on the slant and the drag of the model increases. A similar flow structure on the slant is observed for yaw angles of 12° and 15°. Conversely, the model lift is reduced with the deflector at all yaw angles tested. Detailed pressure distribution and complex flow structure on the slant provide insight in this study.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jweia.2022.105238

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-19579-6

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 電気学会  

<p>1．はじめに─国内における洋上風力の展望─</p><p>洋上風力エネルギーは国産エネルギーであり，エネルギー安全保障にも寄与することが期待される一方で，エネルギー供給の安定性，技術的成立性，コストの課題があり本格的に開発に取り組むまで時間がかかった。2000年頃には，石油・天然ガスの生産が減り始める2030年頃に利</p>

DOI： 10.1541/ieejjournal.142.519

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.142.519

出版者・発行元：MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)  

For this study, the annual frequency of atmospheric stability and the effects of topography were investigated, using ERA5 data and data from wind observation masts installed at four locations on an island for a site under development, where bidding will soon begin. As a result, we found that a variety of atmospheric stabilities appeared at the site, and that the annual average events were not neutral but, instead, unstable. Moreover, the deviation from neutral varied depending on wind direction and the wind speed varied greatly, depending on the mast position and wind direction. Additionally, it was necessary to reproduce the wind flow separation due to topography, in order to predict the wind conditions of wind turbines located close to the island. The accuracy of the airflow simulation by large eddy simulation was validated using the mast-to-mast wind speed ratio. For simulations, we used the commercial software RIAM-COMPACT, which has been widely used in Japan, as it allows the atmospheric stability to be freely set. As a result, we found that the accuracy could be improved by refining the inflow wind direction and taking the average of the results calculated under several atmospheric stability conditions.

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Energies  

For this study, the annual frequency of atmospheric stability and the effects of topography were investigated, using ERA5 data and data from wind observation masts installed at four locations on an island for a site under development, where bidding will soon begin. As a result, we found that a variety of atmospheric stabilities appeared at the site, and that the annual average events were not neutral but, instead, unstable. Moreover, the deviation from neutral varied depending on wind direction and the wind speed varied greatly, depending on the mast position and wind direction. Additionally, it was necessary to reproduce the wind flow separation due to topography, in order to predict the wind conditions of wind turbines located close to the island. The accuracy of the airflow simulation by large eddy simulation was validated using the mast-to-mast wind speed ratio. For simulations, we used the commercial software RIAM-COMPACT, which has been widely used in Japan, as it allows the atmospheric stability to be freely set. As a result, we found that the accuracy could be improved by refining the inflow wind direction and taking the average of the results calculated under several atmospheric stability conditions.

DOI： 10.3390/en15145050

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リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/5208223

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

本研究では，特別な観測機器をドローンに搭載することなく，ドローン自身を風速センサとして活用する手法を試みる．最初に，大型風洞設備を用い，ドローンを風速センサとして活用するための校正試験を行った．次に，風洞スケールおよび実機スケールでの風車ウェイクの気流計測を試みた．

DOI： https://doi.org/10.14887/jaweam.2022.0_87

リポジトリ公開URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/6789523

記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wind Engineering  

Wind turbines represent a growing energy source worldwide. In many cases, operating in turbulent and changing wind direction spots. In this work, we use a wind tunnel to analyze the effect of the turbulence in a wind turbine provided with a Wind Lens flow concentrator, under yaw conditions, for turbulence intensity values of 10% and 15%. Measurements are made of the power coefficient as a function of the Tip Speed Ratio using two types of Wind Lens, CiiB5 and CiiB10, at yaw angles from 0° to 30°. In general, for the turbine with Wind Lens, an increase of the yaw angle causes a reduction of the power coefficient. If the turbine operates with the CiiB10, the stronger the turbulence, the greater performance is obtained. In conclusion, for the case of turbulent flow and yaw = 20° or less, the Wind Lens turbine offers better performance than without the flow concentrator.

DOI： 10.1177/0309524X211036041

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DOI： 10.1063/9.0000346

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In the current project, the first author and the second author play a central role in conducting high-speed tuning and wind turbine wake analysis of the supercomputer version of RIAM-COMPACT. In this report, we applied the supercomputer version RIAM-COMPACT to the wind turbine wake simulation from the wind tunnel scale to the utility-scale wind turbine wakes. As a result, we clarified unsteady wake aerodynamics of wind turbines including multiple wake interactions with high precision and high reality.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.11333/jwearonbun.45.4_71

リポジトリ公開URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/5208225

記述言語：日本語  

In the current project, the first author and the second author play a central role in conducting high-speed tuning and wind turbine wake analysis of the supercomputer version of RIAM-COMPACT. In this report, we applied the supercomputer version RIAM-COMPACT to the wind turbine wake simulation from the wind tunnel scale to the utility-scale wind turbine wakes. As a result, we clarified unsteady wake aerodynamics of wind turbines including multiple wake interactions with high precision and high reality.

DOI： 10.11333/jwearonbun.45.4_71

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本風力エネルギー学会  

In the current project, the first author and the second author play a central role in conducting high-speed tuning and wind turbine wake analysis of the supercomputer version of RIAM-COMPACT. In this report, we applied the supercomputer version RIAM-COMPACT to the wind turbine wake simulation from the wind tunnel scale to the utility-scale wind turbine wakes. As a result, we clarified unsteady wake aerodynamics of wind turbines including multiple wake interactions with high precision and high reality.

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics  

The wake characteristics of a utility-scale wind turbine under realistic atmospheric boundary layer conditions are affected by the continuously changing wind direction arriving at the wind turbine. In the present study, the effects of continuous changes in the incoming wind direction were studied for a wind turbine on flat terrain, with the objective of understanding the wake characteristics of the wind turbine. Thus, understanding the effects of continuously changing incoming wind direction on the wake characteristics of wind turbines over flat terrain is important in the design of wind farm layouts, including in the design of offshore wind power plants. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach using large-eddy simulations (LES) was adopted in the present study. An in-house LES-solver based on the actuator line (AL) aerodynamics technique was constructed in order to successfully capture the wake structure behind the wind turbine. First, experimental investigations on both a blade-only wind turbine scale model and a full 3D wind turbine scale model (isolated wind turbine) were conducted for a fixed inlet wind condition, the latter including the nacelle and the tower. Through a detailed comparison of the wind tunnel experimental and numerical results, the prediction accuracy of the in-house LES-solver was verified and validated for fixed inlet wind conditions. On the basis of the validation results obtained, and using the full 3D wind turbine scale model, the effects of the continuously changing inlet wind conditions on the wake characteristics in the near- and far-wake regions were numerically investigated. In addition, the effects of the wind turbine nacelle and tower on the wake characteristics were also investigated. The numerical results show that the most significant impact of the effects of the continuously changing wind direction was the rapid recovery of the mean velocity deficits in the wind turbine wake region. Further, at the x = 10D position (D is the rotor diameter) downstream of the wind turbine, the non-dimensional streamwise mean velocity was 0.93, which nearly matches the approaching flow speed, under an optimal tip speed ratio of 4.0, compared to the fixed wind direction scenario.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104869

Web of Science

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リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4794760

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Elsevier  

The wake characteristics of a utility-scale wind turbine under realistic atmospheric boundary layer conditions are affected by the continuously changing wind direction arriving at the wind turbine. In the present study, the effects of continuous changes in the incoming wind direction were studied for a wind turbine on flat terrain, with the objective of understanding the wake characteristics of the wind turbine. Thus, understanding the effects of continuously changing incoming wind direction on the wake characteristics of wind turbines over flat terrain is important in the design of wind farm layouts, including in the design of offshore wind power plants. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach using large-eddy simulations (LES) was adopted in the present study. An in-house LES-solver based on the actuator line (AL) aerodynamics technique was constructed in order to successfully capture the wake structure behind the wind turbine. First, experimental investigations on both a blade-only wind turbine scale model and a full 3D wind turbine scale model (isolated wind turbine) were conducted for a fixed inlet wind condition, the latter including the nacelle and the tower. Through a detailed comparison of the wind tunnel experimental and numerical results, the prediction accuracy of the in-house LESsolver was verified and validated for fixed inlet wind conditions. On the basis of the validation results obtained, and using the full 3D wind turbine scale model, the effects of the continuously changing inlet wind conditions on the wake characteristics in the near- and far-wake regions were numerically investigated. In addition, the effects of the wind turbine nacelle and tower on the wake characteristics were also investigated. The numerical results show that the most significant impact of the effects of the continuously changing wind direction was the rapid recovery of the mean velocity deficits in the wind turbine wake region. Further, at the x = 10D position (D is the rotor diameter) downstream of the wind turbine, the non-dimensional streamwise mean velocity was 0.93, which nearly matches the approaching flow speed, under an optimal tip speed ratio of 4.0, compared to the fixed wind direction scenario.

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本風力エネルギー学会  

To improve the forecast accuracy of the annual energy production from wind power, the characteristics of the atmospheric stability distribution are summarized using data from wind observation towers at ten sites in Japan. The bulk Richardson numbers indicate that stable conditions prevailed at seven out of ten locations. An analysis of each met mast indicated that the prevailing stability varied by season and differed not only according to the area but also according to the wind farm scale. These differences are thought to result from the distance to the sea and the wind shear. In addition, we compared the results according to the observational data and the bulk Richardson number calculated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model（WRF） during each season. The prevailing atmospheric stability at the observation points is affected by the atmospheric stability of the land and the surrounding ocean. The results of previous research and this study indicate that considering the atmospheric stability enables more correct estimations of the annual wind power energy production. If possible, seasonal and local differences in the atmospheric stability should be considered to better estimate the wind power generation.

DOI： 10.11333/jwearonbun.46.4_38

CiNii Research

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本風工学会  

<p>本研究では，特別な観測機器をドローンに搭載することなく，ドローン自身を風速センサとして活用する手法を試みる．最初に，大型風洞設備を用い，ドローンを風速センサとして活用するための校正試験を行った．次に，風洞スケールおよび実機スケールでの風車ウェイクの気流計測を試みた．</p>

DOI： 10.14887/jaweam.2022.0_87

CiNii Research

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出版者・発行元：World Congress in Computational Mechanics and ECCOMAS Congress  

During operation of a wind turbine, wake flow occurs behind the wind turbine, reducing the amount of power generation and the life of the downwind wind turbine. To understand wind turbine wake flow, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted using "RIAM-COMPACT" to reproduce wind turbine wake flow. There is no significant difference in the flow field of the wind turbine wake between upwind-type and downwind-type turbines. In the 5D downstream of the wind turbine, the vertical distribution of the mainstream velocity component is almost the same regardless of the power of the inflow profile in the swept area. When the inflow wind has a wind direction change of up to 10 degrees, the wind turbine wake is quite diffuse, and its vertical distribution is in good agreement with the field measurements made by the vertical profile lidar.

DOI： 10.23967/wccm-apcom.2022.028

Scopus

出版者・発行元：WCCM-APCOM 2022 - 15th World Congress on Computational Mechanics and 8th Asian Pacific Congress on Computational Mechanics: Pursuing the Infinite Potential of Computational Mechanics  

During operation of a wind turbine, wake flow occurs behind the wind turbine, reducing the amount of power generation and the life of the downwind wind turbine. To understand wind turbine wake flow, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted using "RIAM-COMPACT" to reproduce wind turbine wake flow. There is no significant difference in the flow field of the wind turbine wake between upwind-type and downwind-type turbines. In the 5D downstream of the wind turbine, the vertical distribution of the mainstream velocity component is almost the same regardless of the power of the inflow profile in the swept area. When the inflow wind has a wind direction change of up to 10 degrees, the wind turbine wake is quite diffuse, and its vertical distribution is in good agreement with the field measurements made by the vertical profile lidar.

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.11333/jwearonbun.45.1_1

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4794753

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Wind turbine wakes reduce the power generation and life of the downstream wind turbines. Accurately predicting the impact of wind turbine wakes is very important for evaluating the feasibility of large wind farms. We have recently proposed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) porous disk (PD) wake model as an intermediate method between engineering wake models and CFD wake models in order to predict accurately the time-averaged wind speed deficits in the wind turbine wakes. In this study, to further evaluate the validity of the CFD PD wake model, we additionally measured the wind turbine wakes of 2 MW‐class downwind turbines installed on the coastal area using a vertical profiling lidar (ZephIR ZX300), and considered them including the data in the previous report to clarify its airflow characteristics in detail. Based on the measurement results by the lidar, we reproduced the wind turbine wake using the CFD PD wake model. The simulated vertical distribution of wind speed by the CFD PD wake model corresponded with the measurement result of the lidar.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2021.15.2021-0175

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In wind farms, an upstream turbine causes the turbine wake which leads to a decrease in the power output and an unsteady loading to the downstream turbine due to the velocity deficit and the increased level of turbulence. Therefore, accurate prediction of the wake flow is important for evaluating a feasibility of large scale wind farms. In this research, we report results of analysis of seaward and landward wake data measured using three vertical profiling LiDARs. In addition, the effect of atmospheric stability on the wake is investigated using atmospheric reanalysis data. The results show that considering atmospheric stability for seaward wake is important especially when a wide range of atmospheric stability can be observed.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2021.15.2021-0175

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2021.S055-05

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2021.S055-05

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2021.S051-01

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.14887/jaweam.2021.0_101

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/5208229

記述言語：英語  

In this paper, we use an analysis function for gas diffusion known as the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain (RIAM-COMPACT), which was developed for complex terrain, in Airflow Analyst software, and apply it to the spread and dissipation of a fluid layer (assuming the fluid layer contains COVID-19 particles). First, to verify the prediction accuracy of the gas diffusion using RIAM-COMPACT, comparisons with past wind tunnel test results conducted on simple and complex terrains are presented under neutral atmospheric stability. The results of the numerical simulations carried out in this study show good agreement with the wind tunnel experiments for both simple and complex terrains. Next, a model of the Japan National Stadium (Tokyo Olympic Stadium) was constructed using 3D detailed topographic Advanced World 3D Map (AW3D) data generated by combining high-resolution satellite images. We tried to reproduce the hypothetical spread and dissipation of the fluid layer (assuming the fluid layer contains COVID-19 particles) inside and outside of the Japan National Stadium using Airflow Analyst implemented with the RIAM-COMPACT analysis function for gas diffusion. We paid special attention to the effect of wind ventilation driven by natural wind. The numerical results under various scenarios show that ventilation driven by natural wind is very effective for the Japan National Stadium.

DOI： 10.1155/2021/8822548

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4794819

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4794753

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/en14082101

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4794750

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4479058

記述言語：日本語  

本研究では，鹿児島県いちき串木野市羽島地区に位置する串木野れいめい風力発電所(平成24年11月より運転開始)の風車10号機を対象とし，風況データおよび風車ブレード歪データの実計測を行い，地形性乱流が風車ブレードに与える影響について詳細に考察した．

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4479059

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4479060

記述言語：英語  

Multi rotor systems (MRS) have shown a great potential as a future application of wind energy. In this study, the aim is simulating the aerodynamic performance of a an MRS using fully-resolved shrouded wind turbine blades then validating with experimental data. MRS for wind turbine configurations have been studied using both numerical and experimental approaches. Different case studies have been studied and the power output comparison have been reported. The wind lens turbine (WLT) obviously shows a large increase in power output compared to the bare rotor case. Besides, the twin side-by-side (SBS) WLTs shows even larger power increase compared to the case of single WLT by around 20&#37; for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations at the optimum tip speed ratio s/D of around 0.2. The increase in power coefficient in close proximity can be explained by flow interference and gap flow behaviors. Previously, we used simplified models for blade modeling like actuator line method (ALM) and actuator disk method (ADM). However, currently we are improving the accuracy using CFD with full-scale blades with higher grid resolutions. As the number of units for an MRS is increased, the increase in power output becomes larger and larger. This is because that the gap flows between brimmed diffuser-augmented wind turbines (B-DAWT) in a MRS are accelerated and cause lowered pressure regions due to vortex interaction behind the brimmed diffusers. Thus, an MRS with more B-DAWTs can draw more wind into turbines showing higher power output.

DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/3/032017

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4476144

記述言語：英語  

The scope of the present study was to understand the wake characteristics of wind-turbines under various inflow shears. First, in order to verify the prediction accuracy of the in-house large-eddy simulation (LES) solver, called RIAM-COMPACT, based on a Cartesian staggered grid, we conducted a wind-tunnel experiment using a wind-turbine scale model and compared the numerical and experimental results. The total number of grid points in the computational domain was about 235 million. Parallel computation based on a hybrid LES/actuator line (AL) model approach was performed with a new SX-Aurora TSUBASA vector supercomputer. The comparison between wind-tunnel experiment and high-resolution LES results showed that the AL model implemented in the in-house LES solver in this study could accurately reproduce both performances of the wind-turbine scale model and flow characteristics in the wake region. Next, with the LES solver developed in-house, flow past the entire wind-turbine, including the nacelle and the tower, was simulated for a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 4, the optimal TSR. Three types of inflow shear, N = 4, N = 10, and uniform flow, were set at the inflow boundary. In these calculations, the calculation domain in the streamwise direction was very long, 30.0 D (D being the wind-turbine rotor diameter) from the center of the wind-turbine hub. Long-term integration of t = 0 to 400 R/Uin was performed. Various turbulence statistics were calculated at t = 200 to 400 R/Uin. Here, R is the wind-turbine rotor radius, and Uin is the wind speed at the hub-center height. On the basis of the obtained results, we numerically investigated the effects of inflow shear on the wake characteristics of wind-turbines over a flat terrain. Focusing on the center of the wind-turbine hub, all results showed almost the same behavior regardless of the difference in the three types of inflow shear.

DOI： 10.3390/en13143745

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4110734

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.3390/en13153896

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4110733

記述言語：英語  

In this study, the new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) porous disk (PD) wake model was proposed in order to accurately predict the time-averaged wind speed deficits in the wind turbine wake region formed on the downstream side by the 2-MW wind turbine operating at a wind speed of 10 m/s. We use the concept of forest canopy model as a new CFD PD wake model, which has many research results in the meteorological field. In the forest canopy model, an aerodynamic resistance is added as an external force term to all governing equations (Navier-Stokes equations) in the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical directions. Therefore, like the forest model, the aerodynamic resistance is added to the governing equations in the three directions as an external force term in the CFD PD wake model. In addition, we have positioned the newly proposed the LES using the CFD PD wake model approach as an intermediate method between the engineering wake model (empirical/analytical wake model) and the LES combined with actuator disk (AD) or actuator line (AL) models. The newly proposed model is intended for use in large-scale offshore wind farms (WFs) consisting of multiple wind turbines. In order to verify the validity of the new method, the optimal model parameter CRC was estimated by comparison with the time-averaged wind speed database in the wind turbine wake region with fully resolved geometries, combined with unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, implemented using the ANSYS(R) CFX(R) software. Here, product names (mentioned herein) may be trademarks of their respective companies. As a result, in the range from x = 5D of the near wake region to x = 10D of the far wake region, by selecting model parameter CRC, it was clarified that it is possible to accurately evaluate the time-averaged wind speed deficits at those separation distances. We also examined the effect of the spatial grid resolution using the CFD PD wake model that is proposed in the present study, clarifying that the spatial grid resolution has little effect on the simulation results shown here.

DOI： 10.3390/en13123197

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4110735

記述言語：英語  

Our research group is developing computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based software for wind resource and energy production assessments in complex terrain called RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University (RIAM)-Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain), based on large eddy simulation (LES). In order to verify the prediction accuracy of RIAM-COMPACT, we conduct a wind tunnel experiment that uses a two-dimensional steep ridge model with a smooth surface. In the wind tunnel experiments, airflow measurements are performed using an I-type hot-wire probe and a split film probe that can detect forward and reverse flows. The results of the numerical simulation by LES are in better agreement with the wind tunnel experiment using the split film probe than the results of the wind tunnel experiment using the I-type hot wire probe. Furthermore, we calculate that the two-dimensional ridge model by changing the length in the spanwise direction, and discussed the instantaneous flow field and the time-averaged flow field for the three-dimensional structure of the flow behind the model. It was shown that the eddies in the downwind flow-separated region formed behind the two-dimensional ridge model were almost the same size in all cases, regardless of the difference in the length in the spanwise direction. In this study, we also perform a calculation with a varying inflow shear at the inflow boundary. It was clear that the size in the vortex region behind the model was almost the same in all the calculation results, regardless of the difference in the inflow shear. Next, we conduct wind tunnel …

記述言語：英語  

A solar updraft tower is one of the wind power generation plants which utilizes solar energy. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the tower was also able to utilize crosswind energy. Wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations were conducted simulating the crosswind. The results showed that suctioned updraft speed in the tower was proportional to the crosswind speed, and its conversion rate depended on the tower configuration. A diffuser-shaped tower with a vortex generator achieved to produce the updraft whose speed exceeded the crosswind speed. It was due to the low pressure created by the vortex atop the tower and to the diffuser effect. The crosswind utilization enables the simple power generation device to generate electricity during the night, and the hybrid utilization of renewable energies contributes to the increasing wind energy market.

DOI： 10.1155/2020/4065359

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/3000484

記述言語：英語  

In this research, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach that has been used in wind power generation In this research, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach that has been used in wind power generation In this research, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach that has been used in wind power generation In this research, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach that has been used in wind power generation In this research, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach that has been used in wind power generation

DOI： 10.1155/2019/7378315

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2547328

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/ojfd.2019.94018

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2547329

記述言語：英語  

Using the method based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, two kinds of data can be obtained: the digital elevation model (DEM) for the digital expression of terrain, and the digital surface model (DSM) for the digital expression of the surface of the ground, including trees. In this research, a 3D topography model with a horizontal spatial resolution of 1 m was reproduced using DEM. In addition, using the differences between the DEM and DSM data, we were able to obtain further detailed information, such as the heights of trees covering the surface of the ground and their spatial distribution. Therefore, the surface roughness model and the UAV imagery data were directly linked. Based on the above data as input data, a high-resolution 3D numerical flow simulation was conducted. By using the numerical results obtained, we discussed the effect of the existence of surface roughness on the wind speed at the height of the hub of the wind turbine. We also discussed the effect of the differences in the spatial resolution in the horizontal direction of the computational grid on the reproductive precision of terrain-induced turbulence. As a result, the existence and the vortex structure of terrain-induced turbulence occurring near the target wind turbine was clearly revealed. It was shown that a horizontal grid resolution of about 5 m was required to reproduce terrain-induced turbulence formed from topography with an altitude of about 127 m. By the simulation using the surface roughness model, turbulence intensity higher than class A in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) turbulence category was confirmed at the present study site, as well as the measured data.

DOI： 10.3390/en12193766

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2547330

記述言語：日本語  

本研究では，鹿児島県いちき串木野市羽島地区に位置する串木野れいめい風力発電所(平成24年11月より運転開始)の風車10号機を対象とし，風況データおよび風車ブレード歪データの実計測を行い，地形性乱流が風車ブレードに与える影響について詳細に考察した．

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2344622

記述言語：英語  

brimmed-diffuser augmented turbine (called a wind lens turbine: WLT) actively uses vortices around the brim to enhance its power output. However, the vortices are usually unstable
and asymmetric. This study attempted to stabilize the vortices to enhance the power output of a WLT. Then, we investigated new approaches using vortex stabilization plates and polygonal brims in wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations. Both approaches achieved a 1.5–3.8&#37; increase in power output compared with a standard WLT. Our numerical simulations revealed a periodicity existing in a fluctuating vortex structure on the circular brim. Importantly, vortex stabilization plates and polygonal brims must be the same periodic scale to suppress the vortex fluctuation and stabilize the vortices effectively. In addition, a larger brim tended to enhance the stabilizing effects. We believe that this discovery rovides an easy way to increase the power output of existing wind turbines. It is particularly important in light of advances in wind energy technology and the increasing wind energy market.

DOI： 10.3390/en12163171

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2547326

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/ojfd.2019.93015

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2547331

記述言語：英語  

The present study scrutinized the impacts of terrain-induced turbulence on wind turbine blades, examining measurement data regarding wind conditions and the strains of wind turbine blades. Furthermore, we performed a high-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES) and identified the three-dimensional airflow structures of terrain-induced turbulence. Based on the LES results, we defined the Uchida-Kawashima Scale_1 (the U-K scale_1), which is a turbulence evaluation index, and clarified the existence of the terrain-induced turbulence quantitatively. The threshold value of the U-K scale_1 was determined as 0.2, and this index was confirmed to not be dependent on the inflow profile, the influence of the horizontal grid resolution, and the influence of the computed azimuth. In addition, we defined the Uchida-Kawashima Scale_2 (the U-K scale_2), which is a fatigue damage evaluation index based on the measurement data and the design value obtained by DNV GL’s Bladed. DNV GL (Det Norske Veritas Germanischer Lloyed) is a third party certification body in Norway, and Bladed has been the industry standard aero-elastic wind turbine modeling software. Using the U-K scale_2, the following results were revealed: the U-K scale_2 was 0.86 < 1.0 (within the designed value) in the case of northerly wind, and the U-K scale_2 was 1.60 > 1.0 (exceeding the designed value) in the case of easterly wind. As a result, it was revealed that the blades of the target wind turbine were directly and strongly affected by terrain-induced turbulence when easterly winds occurred.

DOI： 10.3390/en12132624

記述言語：英語  

The first part of the present study investigated the relationship among the number of yaw gear and motor failures and turbulence intensity (TI) at all the wind turbines under investigation with the use of in situ data. The investigation revealed that wind turbine #7 (T7), which experienced a large number of failures, was affected by terrain-induced turbulence with TI that exceeded the TI presumed for the wind turbine design class to which T7 belongs. Subsequently, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to examine if the abovementioned observed wind flow characteristics could be successfully simulated. The CFD software package that was used in the present study was RIAM-COMPACT, which was developed by the first author of the present paper. RIAM-COMPACT is a nonlinear, unsteady wind prediction model that uses large-eddy simulation (LES) for the turbulence model. RIAM-COMPACT is capable of simulating flow collision, separation, and reattachment and also various unsteady turbulence–eddy phenomena that are caused by flow collision, separation, and reattachment. A close examination of computer animations of the streamwise (x) wind velocity revealed the following findings: As we predicted, wind flow that was separated from a micro-topographical feature (micro-scale terrain undulations) upstream of T7 generated large vortices. These vortices were shed downstream in a nearly periodic manner, which in turn generated terrain-induced turbulence, affecting T7 directly. Finally, the temporal change of the streamwise (x) wind velocity (a non-dimensional quantity) at the hub-height of T7 in the period from 600 to 800 in non-dimensional time was re-scaled in such a way that the average value of the streamwise (x) wind velocity for this period was 8.0 m/s, and the results of the analysis of the re-scaled data were discussed. With the re-scaled full-scale streamwise wind velocity (m/s) data (total number of data points: approximately 50,000; time interval: 0.3 s), the time-averaged streamwise (x) wind velocity and TI were evaluated using a common statistical processing procedure adopted for in situ data. Specifically, 10-min moving averaging (number of sample data points: 1932) was performed on the re-scaled data. Comparisons of the evaluated TI values to the TI values from the normal turbulence model in IEC61400-1 Ed.3 (2005) revealed the following: Although the evaluated TI values were not as large as those observed in situ, some of the evaluated TI values exceeded the values for turbulence class A, suggesting that the influence of terrain-induced turbulence on the wind turbine was well simulated.

DOI： 10.3390/en12101925

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2244494

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

It is important to develop a reliable and high-throughput simulation method for predicting airflows in the installation planning phase of windmill power plants. This study proposes a two-stage mesh generation approach to reduce the meshing cost and introduces a hybrid parallelization scheme for atmospheric fluid simulations. The meshing approach splits mesh generation into two stages: in the first stage, the meshing parameters that uniquely determine the mesh distribution are extracted, and in the second stage, a mesh system is generated in parallel via an in situ approach using the parameters obtained in the initialization phase of the simulation. The proposed two-stage approach is flexible since an arbitrary number of processes can be selected at run time. An efficient OpenMP-MPI hybrid parallelization scheme using a middleware that provides a framework of parallel codes based on the domain decomposition method is also developed. The preliminary results of the meshing and computing performance show excellent scalability in the strong scaling test.

DOI： 10.1155/2019/5231839

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2244500

記述言語：英語  

The present research attempted a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of airflow over a steep, three-dimensional isolated hill by using the latest multi-cores multi-CPUs systems. As a result, it was found that 1) turbulence simulations using approximately 50 million grid points are feasible and 2) the use of this system resulted in the achievement of a high computation speed, which exceeded the speed of parallel computation attained by a single CPU on one of the latest supercomputers. Furthermore, LES was conducted by using the multi-GPUs systems. The results of these simulations revealed the following findings: 1) the multi-GPUs environment which used the NVDIA Tesla M2090 or the M2075 could simulate turbulence in a model with as many as approximately 50 million grid points. 2) The computation speed achieved by the multi-GPUs environments exceeded that by parallel computation which
used four to six CPUs of one of the latest supercomputers.

DOI： 10.4236/ojfd.2018.84027

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2244502

記述言語：日本語  

We have been requiring more precise knowledge about the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil especially in low Reynolds-number ranges less than 106, because of the recent miniaturisation of robots such as unmanned aerial vehicles known as UAVs or drones and micro air vehicles known as MAVs, in addition to the importance of insect/bird flight dynamics, small-scale machines like micro fluid machineries and micro combustion engines and so on. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between various aerodynamic characteristics and attack angle α for flat plate NACA0015 and iNACA0015 (the NACA0015 placed back to front) by numerical analysis and water-tank experiment at Re = 1.0×102 － 8.0×102. Then, we investigate the effects of attack angle α upon various aerodynamic characteristics such as the lift coefficient CL, drag coefficient CD and the lift-to-drag ratio CL/CD . In order to discuss the revealed α effects, we visualise the flow around the airfoils using the Q value, the helicity, streamlines’ distribution around an airfoils at α = 0 – 24 deg., together with PIV analysis based on water-tank experiment.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.S0510205

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/epe.2017.913053

その他リンク： https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2017.913053

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936752

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/epe.2017.912050

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936757

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/epe.2017.913052

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936756

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/ojfd.2017.74035

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936755

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/ojfd.2017.74039

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1936754

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

本研究は，山岳地形に建設された風車を研究対象に取り上げ，風車運転データとブレード歪みデータの同時計測を行い，風車ブレードに与える地形性乱流の相関性を定量的に明らかにするとともに高解像度数値風況シミュレーションによってこれらの地形性乱流が形成されるメカニズムを明らかにした．さらに，風車ブレードの疲労蓄積割合を評価する手法を明らかにし，多くの重要な新しい知見を得た．

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.4236/jfcmv.2017.52002

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A new type of solar tower was developed through laboratory experiments and numerical analyses. The solar tower mainly consists of three components. The transparent collector area is an aboveground glass roof, with increasing height toward the center. Attached to the center of the inside of the collector is a vertical tower within which a wind turbine is mounted at the lower entry to the tower. When solar radiation heats the ground through the glass roof, ascending warm air is guided to the center and into the tower. A solar tower that can generate electricity using a simple structure that enables easy and less costly maintenance has considerable advantages. However, conversion efficiency from sunshine energy to mechanical turbine energy is very low. Aiming to improve this efficiency, the research project developed a diffuser-type tower instead of a cylindrical tower, and investigated a suitable diffuser shape for practical use. After changing the tower height and diffuser open angle, with a temperature difference between the ambient air aloft and within the collector, various diffuser tower shapes were tested by laboratory experiments and numerical analyses. As a result, it was found that a diffuser tower with a semi-open angle of 4° is an optimal shape, producing the fastest updraft at each temperature difference in both the laboratory experiments and numerical analyses. The relationships between thermal updraft speed and temperature difference and/or tower height were confirmed. It was found that the thermal updraft velocity is proportional to the square root of the tower height and/or temperature difference.

DOI： 10.3390/en9121077

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A new type of solar tower was developed through laboratory experiments and numerical analyses. The solar tower mainly consists of three components. The transparent collector area is an aboveground glass roof, with increasing height toward the center. Attached to the center of the inside of the collector is a vertical tower within which a wind turbine is mounted at the lower entry to the tower. When solar radiation heats the ground through the glass roof, ascending warm air is guided to the center and into the tower. A solar tower that can generate electricity using a simple structure that enables easy and less costly maintenance has considerable advantages. However, conversion efficiency from sunshine energy to mechanical turbine energy is very low. Aiming to improve this efficiency, the research project developed a diffuser-type tower instead of a cylindrical tower, and investigated a suitable diffuser shape for practical use. After changing the tower height and diffuser open angle, with a temperature difference between the ambient air aloft and within the collector, various diffuser tower shapes were tested by laboratory experiments and numerical analyses. As a result, it was found that a diffuser tower with a semi-open angle of 4 degrees is an optimal shape, producing the fastest updraft at each temperature difference in both the laboratory experiments and numerical analyses. The relationships between thermal updraft speed and temperature difference and/or tower height were confirmed. It was found that the thermal updraft velocity is proportional to the square root of the tower height and/or temperature difference.

DOI： 10.3390/en9121077

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

We present results on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations as well as the wind tunnel experiments for the observation facilities of the University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory 6.5m Telescope being constructed at the summit of Co. Chajnantor in northern Chile. Main purpose of this study starting with the baseline design reported in 2014 is to analyze topographic effect on the wind behavior, and to evaluate the wind pressure, the air turbulence, and the air change (ventilation) efficiency in the enclosure. The wind velocity is found to be accelerated by a factor of ~ 1.2 to reach the summit (78 m sec-1 expected at a maximum), and the resulting wind pressure (3,750 N m-2) is used for the framework design of the facilities. The CFD data reveals that the open space below the floor of the facilities works efficiently to drift away the air turbulence near the ground level which could significantly affect the dome seeing. From comparisons of the wind velocity field obtained from the CFD simulation for three configurations of the ventilation windows, we find that the windows at a level of the telescope secondary mirror have less efficiency of the air change than those at lower levels. Considering the construction and maintenance costs, and operation procedures, we finally decide to allocate 13 windows at a level of the observing floor, 12 at a level of the primary mirror, and 2 at the level of the secondary mirror. The opening area by those windows accounts for about 14% of the total interior surface of the enclosure. Typical air change rate of 20-30 per hour is expected at the wind velocity of 1 m sec-1.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231385

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The solar chimney prototype, operated in Spain from 1982 to 1989, verified the concept of the solar chimney. The power generation mechanism in this system is to turn the wind turbine placed inside a high rise cylindrical hollow tower by an induced thermal updraft. As long as the thermal updraft is induced inside the tower by the solar radiation, this system can produce electricity. The disadvantage of this system is the low power generation efficiency compared to other solar energy power generation systems. To overcome this disadvantage, we improved the mechanism in order to augment the velocity of the air which flows into the wind turbine. By applying a diffuser tower instead of a cylindrical one, the efficiency of the systems power generation is increased. The mechanism that we investigated was the effect of the diffuser on the solar chimney structure. The inner diameter of the tower expands as the height increases so that the static pressure recovery effect of the diffuser causes a low static pressure region to form at the bottom of the tower. This effect induces greater airflow within the tower. The laboratory experiment, as does the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the laboratory sized model, shows that the proposed diffuser type tower induces a velocity approximately 1.38-1.44 times greater than the conventional cylindrical type. The wind power generation output is proportional to the cube of the incoming wind velocity into the wind turbine; therefore, approximately 2.6-3.0 times greater power output can be expected from using the diffuser type tower.

DOI： 10.1115/1.4029377

記述言語：英語  

The objectives of this study were to clarify the effects of components of the leaf area distribution on the drag coefficient of crowns and streamlining (e.g., leaf area index; LAI, outline of the crown shape, and clumpiness) and to contribute to the accumulation of data on drag relations by quantifying data for Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica. We conducted drag experiments while simultaneously capturing dynamic crown images for 28 Ch. obtusa crowns and 13 Cr. japonica crowns to analyze the relationships between the leaf area distribution components and drag coefficient or streamlining. The static drag coefficient increased with the LAI for Ch. obtusa and with decreasing clumpiness for Cr. japonica. The reduction rate of the static drag coefficient decreased with increasing clumpiness for Ch. obtusa and with a combination of increasing LAI and decreasing clumpiness for Cr. japonica. The reduction rate of the static drag coefficient had a clear relationship with the decreasing rate of the dynamic crown projected area of obstacles (foliage elements, branches, and stems) calculated from captured video images under windy conditions for Cr. japonica, while Ch. obtusa did not show clear relationship between them. The drag coefficients assuming non-porous crown; C_max estimated by simple model combining LAI and clumpiness were approximately 1.0 in Ch. obtusa and 0.5 in Cr. japonica and were equivalent to the dynamic drag coefficients from video image under windy condition. The combination of LAI and clumpiness provided simple estimation for drag relations and enable to link crown structure to wind damage easier.

DOI： 10.1007/s10342-014-0859-6

記述言語：日本語  

Recently to become, in wind farm, which was built on the complex terrain, the operation rate is less than the initial expectations, ie, power generation output and significantly bad windmill, failure of windmill inside and outside (for example, failure of the yaw motor and Yogia, windmill blades cracks, etc.) of the problem of is actualized. The main cause is a change in the windmill most recent slight terrain relief becomes origin, I considered to be a disorder of the wind (terrain turbulence) generated from there. In response to this situation, in our group, precise numerical wind diagnosis by real terrain version RIAM-COMPACT® software (the window risk assessment) was performed, has conducted studies safe windmill operating method 1) . In this paper, under the cooperation of Kyudenko new energy Co., Ltd., Numerical wind conditions diagnosis for the purpose of examination of windmill 10 Unit method of operation of the kushikinoreimei wind farm (start the operation from November 2012) since the was carried out, we report on the results.

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The solar chimney prototype, operated in Spain from 1982 to 1989, verified the concept of the solar chimney. The power generation mechanism in this system is to turn the wind turbine placed inside a high rise cylindrical hollow tower by an induced thermal updraft. As long as the thermal updraft is induced inside the tower by the solar radiation, this system can produce electricity. The disadvantage of this system is the low power generation efficiency compared to other solar energy power generation systems. To overcome this disadvantage, we improved the mechanism in order to augment the velocity of the air which flows into the wind turbine. By applying a diffuser tower instead of a cylindrical one, the efficiency of the systems power generation is increased. The mechanism that we investigated was the effect of the diffuser on the solar chimney structure. The inner diameter of the tower expands as the height increases so that the static pressure recovery effect of the diffuser causes a low static pressure region to form at the bottom of the tower. This effect induces greater airflow within the tower. The laboratory experiment, as does the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the laboratory sized model, shows that the proposed diffuser type tower induces a velocity approximately 1.38-1.44 times greater than the conventional cylindrical type. The wind power generation output is proportional to the cube of the incoming wind velocity into the wind turbine; therefore, approximately 2.6-3.0 times greater power output can be expected from using the diffuser type tower.

DOI： 10.1115/1.4029377

記述言語：英語  

In Japan, 1,516 wind turbine accidents have been recorded between year 2004 and 2012, and 84&#37; of them were for turbines in complex terrains. The longest downtime was associated with damage to main shafts or bearings with an average downtime of 5.7 months. Careful micro-siting in complex terrains can prevent these accidents from happening. The objective of the paper is to provide an intermediate step that allows consultants, developers, and wind farm owners to further evaluate micro-siting of wind turbines in complex terrains, prior to load simulations by manufacturers. The author developed a simplified method to predict fatigue life of a main rear bearing in direct drive wind turbines. The method uses hub-height 10 minutes wind data as an input. The validation with an actual accident showed practically good agreement of 12.0 years of the predicted life against 12.7 years of the actual life. The method was also applied to quantify the effect of a curtailment. The proposed curtailment increased the predicted life to 35.5 years with a relatively small range of wind speed at a direction of only I &#37; frequency distribution. With the proposed method, it is possible to layout turbines where fatigue life of a main rear bearing is longer than its design life. The method can also be applied to existing turbines in order to spot turbines that require careful maintenance, and to consider an installation of condition monitoring system on a bearing.

DOI： 10.1260/0309-524X.39.4.349

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

This study analyzed wind damage caused by tropical storms from 1991 to 2007 to Japanese forests mainly consisting of Cryptomeria japonica. Statistical analyses based on logistic regression and Cox regression models were conducted in relation to conditions at the forest and stand level. Known damage to forests managed by Kyusyu Rinsan Corporation (KR forests), located on the Kyushu Island, was analyzed at the forest level, using tropical storm characteristics such as air pressure, precipitation and periods when the forests were within the storm zone as predictors. Wind damage was also examined at the stand level (150 analysis points) using Cox regression models, according to stand age, site index, terrain conditions, management practices and wind velocity indicators (horizontal and vertical velocity vectors). The results indicated that at the forest level, higher maximum hourly wind speed and longer periods of >15 m s^-1 of wind speed were significantly correlated to damage occurrence. At the stand level, indicators of upward vertical velocity, thinning treatments and site index were positively associated with the probability of wind damage. For instance, stands receiving higher upward vertical velocities and thinning treatment within 2 years were more likely to have reduced stability against tropical storms. Stands with higher and lower site index than average also showed lower stability in our analysis.

DOI： 10.1093/forestry/cpt011

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1093/forestry/cpt011

記述言語：日本語  

乱流モデルLESとアクチュエータラインモデルを用いて，複雑地形上の風車ウエイクの再現を試みた．その結果，風車背後にはTip Vortexの存在が確認されるものの，地形からの剥離流の影響により，その構造は急速に崩れていることが示された．

DOI： 10.14887/jaweam.2013.0.135.0

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

Unsteady 3-D direct numerical simulations based on the finite-difference method (FDM) were performed for flow fields around a wind turbine equipped with a flanged-diffuser shroud. Generally, it is difficult to numerically simulate the flow around rotating bodies such as the blades of wind turbines because of the unsteady flow generated by moving bodies with complex geometry. Therefore, we have devised an actuator-disk model for a wind turbine for simulating the drag and rotational forces exerted on the fluid by the wind turbine. By incorporating the body forces derived from the actuator-disk model into the external terms in the Navier-Stokes equations, the unsteady flow around a wind turbine can be simulated. The results of numerical simulations were compared with the results from wind tunnel experiments and showed good agreement for the velocity and pressure fields.

DOI： 10.1260/0309-524X.36.4.455

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

To clarify the behavior of the blade tip vortices of a wind turbine equipped with a brimmed-diffuser shroud, called a "Wind-Lens turbine", we conducted a three-dimensional numerical simulation using a large eddy simulation (LES). Since this unique wind turbine consists of not only rotating blades but also a diffuser shroud with a broad-ring brim at the exit periphery, the flow field around the turbine is highly complex and unsteady. Previously, our research group conducted numerical simulations using an actuator-disc approximation, in which the rotating blades were simply modeled as an externalforce on the fluid. Therefore, the detailed flow patterns around the rotating blades and the shroud, including the blade tip vortices, could not be simulated. Instead of an actuator-disc approximation, we used a moving boundary technique in the present CFD simulation to simulate the flow around a rotating blade in order to focus especially on blade tip vortices. The simulation results showed a pair ofvortices consisting of a blade tip vortex and a counter-rotating vortex which was generated between the blade tip and the inner surface of the diffuser. Since these vortices interacted with each other, the blade tip vortex was weakened by the counter-rotating vortex. The results showed good agreement with past wind tunnel experiments.

DOI： 10.3390/en5125229

記述言語：英語  

Because a significant portion of the topography in Japan is characterized by steep, complex terrain, which results in a complex spatial distribution of wind speed, great care is necessary for selecting a site for the construction of wind turbine generators (WTG). We have developed a CFD model for unsteady flow called RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, computational prediction of airflow over complex terrain). The RIAM-COMPACT CFD model is based on large eddy simulation (LES). The computational domain of RIAM-COMPACT can extend from several meters to several kilometers, and RIAM-COMPACT can predict airflow and gas diffusion over complex terrain with high accuracy. The present paper proposes a technique for evaluating the deployment location of a WTG. The proposed technique employs the RIAM-COMPACT CFD model and simulates a continuous wind direction change over 360 degrees.

DOI： 10.1155/2011/941870

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The wake of a wind turbine generator (WTG) operated at the optimal tip speed ratio is compared to the wake of a WTG with its rotor replaced by a stationary disk. Numerical simulations are conducted with a large eddy simulation (LES) model using a nonuniform staggered Cartesian grid. The results from the numerical simulations are compared to those from wind-tunnel experiments. The characteristics of the wake of the stationary disk are significantly different from those of the WTG. The velocity deficit at a downstream distance of 10 D (D: rotor diameter) behind the WTG is approximately 30 to 40 of the inflow velocity. In contrast, flow separation is observed immediately behind the stationary disk (≤2D), and the velocity deficit in the far wake (10 D) of the stationary disk is smaller than that of the WTG. Copyright © 2011 Takanori Uchida et al.

DOI： 10.1155/2011/749421

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Because a significant portion of the topography in Japan is characterized by steep, complex terrain, which results in a complex spatial distribution of wind speed, great care is necessary for selecting a site for the construction of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs). We have developed a CFD model for unsteady flow called Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, COMputational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain (RIAM-COMPACT®). The RIAM-COMPACT® CFD model is based on Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. The computational domain of RIAM-COMPACT® can extend from several meters to several kilometers, and RIAM-COMPACT® can predict airflow and gas diffusion over complex terrains with high accuracy. First, the present paper proposes a technique for evaluating the deployment location of WTGs. Next, wind simulation of an actual wind farm was executed using the high resolution elevation data. As a result, an appropriate point and an inappropriate point for locating WTGs were shown based on the numerical results obtained. This cause was found to be a topographical irregularity in front of WTGs.

DOI： 10.3390/en4030458

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have investigated the turbulence phenomena of SBLs for a wide range of stability, particularly focusing on the effects of strong stratification on turbulent boundary layers, using a thermally stratified wind tunnel. In parallel with wind tunnel experiments, to understand the turbulence features and fluid dynamics in detail, we have also performed numerical simulations of SBLs under the boundary conditions similar to those in the wind tunnel experiments. The numerical studies based on a finite-difference method (FDM) are direct Navier-Stokes simulations without any turbulence model (DNS). Under the Boussinesq approximation, the governing equations consist of the Navier-Stokes, continuity and energy equations for 3D incompressible stratified flows. Stable stratification rapidly suppresses the fluctuations of streamwise velocity and temperature as well as the vertical velocity fluctuation. Momentum and heat fluxes are also significantly decreased with increasing stability and become nearly zero over the whole boundary depth of the boundary layer with very strong stability. From the flow visualization in both wind tunnel experiment and DNS, wave-like motions driven by buoyancy and waves due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability can be observed locally and intermittently in a SBL flow with strong stability.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.037

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We have investigated the turbulence phenomena of SBLs for a wide range of stability, particularly focusing on the effects of strong stratification on turbulent boundary layers, using a thermally stratified wind tunnel. In parallel with wind tunnel experiments, to understand the turbulence features and fluid dynamics in detail, we have also performed numerical simulations of SBLs under the boundary conditions similar to those in the wind tunnel experiments. The numerical studies based on a finite-difference method (FDM) are direct Navier-Stokes simulations without any turbulence model (DNS). Under the Boussinesq approximation, the governing equations consist of the Navier-Stokes, continuity and energy equations for 3D incompressible stratified flows. Stable stratification rapidly suppresses the fluctuations of streamwise velocity and temperature as well as the vertical velocity fluctuation. Momentum and heat fluxes are also significantly decreased with increasing stability and become nearly zero over the whole boundary depth of the boundary layer with very strong stability. From the flow visualization in both wind tunnel experiment and DNS, wave-like motions driven by buoyancy and waves due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability can be observed locally and intermittently in a SBL flow with strong stability. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.037

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

It is highly important in Japan to choose a good site for wind turbines, because the spatial distribution of wind speed is quite complicated over steep complex terrain. We are developing the unsteady numerical model called the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, COMputational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain (RIAM-COMPACT). The RIAM-COMPACT is based on the large-eddy simulation (LES). The object domain of the RIAM-COMPACT is from several m to several km. First, to test the accuracy of the RIAM-COMPACT we have performed an experimental and a numerical simulation of a non-stratified airflow past a two-dimensional ridge and a three-dimensional hill in a uniform flow. Attention is focused on airflow characteristics in a wake region. For this purpose, the velocity components were measured with a split-film probe (SFP) in the wind tunnel experiment. Through comparison of the experimental and numerical results, they showed a good agreement. The accuracy of both of the wind tunnel experiment by the SFP and also numerical simulation by the RIAM-COMPACT were confirmed. Next, we have applied the RIAM-COMPACT to the airflow over real complex terrain. The numerical results obtained by the RIAM-COMPACT demonstrated that the changes induced on the wind field by the topographic effect, such as the local wind acceleration and the flow separation, were successfully simulated. Furthermore, the forecast accuracy of an actual wind speed is examined.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.047

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The atmospheric stable boundary layer (SBL) with a low-level jet is simulated experimentally using a thermally stratified wind tunnel. The turbulence structure and flow characteristics are investigated by simultaneous measurements of velocity and temperature fluctuations and by flow visualization. Attention is focused on the effect of strong wind shear due to a low-level jet on stratified boundary layers with strong stability. Occasional bursting of turbulence in the lower portion of the boundary layer can be found in the SBL with strong stability. This bursting originates aloft away from the surface and transports fluid with relatively low velocity and temperature upward and fluid with relatively high velocity and temperature downward. Furthermore, the relationship between the occurrence of turbulence bursting and the local gradient Richardson number (Ri) is investigated. The Ri becomes larger than the critical Ri, Ri_cr = 0.25, in quiescent periods. On the other hand, the Ri number becomes smaller than Ri_cr during bursting events.

DOI： 10.1007/s10546-007-9245-y

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We are developing the numerical model called the RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain). The object domain of this numerical model is from several m to several km, and can predict the airflow and the gas diffusion over complex terrain with high precision. The RIAM-COMPACT has already been marketed by certain tie-up companies. The estimation of the annual electrical power output is also possible now based on the field observation data. In the present study, wind simulation of an actual wind farm was executed using the high resolution elevation data. As a result, an appropriate point and an inappropriate point for locating a wind turbine generator were shown based on the numerical results obtained. This cause was found to be a topographical irregularity in front of the wind turbine generator.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeb.49.567

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We are developing the numerical model called the RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain). The object domain of this numerical model is from several m to several km, and can predict the airflow and the gas diffusion over complex terrain with high precision. The RIAM-COMPACT has already been marketed by certain tie-up companies. The estimation of the annual electrical power output is also possible now based on the field observation data. In the present study, wind simulation of an actual wind farm was executed using the high resolution elevation data. As a result, an appropriate point and an inappropriate point for locating a wind turbine generator were shown based on the numerical results obtained. This cause was found to be a topographical irregularity in front of the wind turbine generator.

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.5359/jwe.31.95

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The strong wind fields around Miyajima in Hiroshima Bay were simulated numerically during Typhoon Songda in 2004. The PSU/MM5 model was used for the calculation of meso-scale regions. The strong wind that passed over the sea and blew into the Hiroshima Bay was simulated. The predicted wind fields were examined comparing with the observed records and the field investigation of damage to the houses and buildings. The calculated maximum wind speed map was well correlated to the distribution of damage rate by strong wind in Hiroshima Prefecture. Unsteady wind fields were also computed by Large Eddy Simulation in the fine region around Miyajima. The local wind characteristics caused by the topography around Itsukushima Shrine were investigated by using the calculated results. The down flow along the valley to the south of the shrine was simulated in the neutral atmospheric condition. The local wind flows around the shrine were discussed.

DOI： 10.5359/jwe.31.95

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The purpose of this research is to construct a database of a non-stratified airflow past a steep simple terrain under an imposition of a uniform flow, and, in addition, is to do the accuracy inspection of the numerical model under development at present. This numerical model is referred to as the RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain), and is for the purpose of the prediction of airflow over complex terrain with several m to several km. This paper describes the experimental and numerical study of a non-stratified airflow past a three-dimensional isolated-hill in a uniform flow as the second phase. The Reynolds number, based on the uniform flow and the height of the hill, is about 10⁴. Airflows around the hill include the unsteady vortex shedding. Attention is focused on airflow characteristics in a wake region. For this purpose, the velocity components in the streamwise direction were measured with a SFP (Split-Film Probe) in the wind tunnel experiment. In addition, the flow visualization was performed by using the smoke-wire technique. Through comparison of the experimental and numerical results, they showed a good agreement. The accuracy of both of the wind tunnel experiment by the SFP and also numerical simulation by the RIAM-COMPACT were confirmed as the result.

DOI： 10.5359/jwe.31.63

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/26803

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/26805

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/26804

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

リポジトリ公開URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/3557

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The convective boundary layer (CBL) with a wide range of stability is simulated experimentally using a thermally stratified wind tunnel, and numerically by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The turbulence structures and flow characteristics of various CBL flows, capped by a strong temperature inversion and affected by surface shear, are investigated. The various vertical profiles of turbulence statistics similar to those from the observed CBL in the field are successfully simulated in both the wind-tunnel experiment and in DNS. The comparison of the wind-tunnel data and DNS results with those of atmospheric observations and water-tank studies shows the crucial dependence of the turbulence statistics in the upper part of the layer on the strength of the inversion layer, as well as the modification of the CBL turbulence regime by the surface shear. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

DOI： 10.1023/B:BOUN.0000027913.22130.73

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The convective boundary layer (CBL) with a wide range of stability is simulated experimentally using a thermally stratified wind tunnel, and numerically by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The turbulence structures and flow characteristics of various CBL flows, capped by a strong temperature inversion and affected by surface shear, are investigated. The various vertical profiles of turbulence statistics similar to those from the observed CBL in the field are successfully simulated in both the wind-tunnel experiment and in DNS. The comparison of the wind-tunnel data and DNS results with those of atmospheric observations and water-tank studies shows the crucial dependence of the turbulence statistics in the upper part of the layer on the strength of the inversion layer, as well as the modification of the CBL turbulence regime by the surface shear.

DOI： 10.1023/B:BOUN.0000027913.22130.73

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The purpose of this research is to construct a database of a non-stratified airflow past a steep simple terrain under an imposition of a uniform flow, and, in addition, is to do the accuracy inspection of the numerical model under development at present. This numerical model is referred to as the RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain), and is for the purpose of the prediction of airflow over complex terrain with several m to several km. This paper describes the experimental and numerical study of a non-stratified airflow past a two-dimensional ridge in a uniform flow as the first phase. The Reynolds number, based on the uniform flow and the height of the ridge, is about 10 ⁴. Airflows around the ridge include the unsteady vortex shedding. Attention is focused on airflow characteristics in a wake region. For this purpose, the velocity components in the streamwise direction were measured with a SFP (Split-Film Probe) in the wind tunnel experiment. In addition, the flow visualization was performed by using the smoke-wire technique. Through comparison of the experimental and numerical results, they showed a good agreement. The accuracy of both of the wind tunnel experiment by the SFP and also numerical simulation by the RIAM-COMPACT were confirmed as the result.

DOI： 10.5359/jwe.29.35

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

By using a thermally stratified wind tunnel, we have successfully simulated stably stratified boundary layers (SBL), in which the mean temperature increases upward almost linearly. We have investigated the flow structure and the effects of near-linear stable stratification on the transfer of momentum and heat. The vertical profiles of turbulence quantities exhibit different behaviour in two distinct stability regimes of the SBL flows with weak and strong stability. For weak stability cases, the turbulent transfer of momentum and heat is basically similar to that for neutral turbulent boundary layers, although it is weakened with increasing stability. For strong stability cases, on the other hand, the time-mean transfer is almost zero over the whole boundary-layer depth. However, the instantaneous turbulent transfer frequently occurs in both gradient and counter-gradient directions in the lower part of the boundary layer. This is due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) shear instability and the rolling up and breaking of K-H waves. Moreover, the internal gravity waves are observed in the middle and upper parts of all stable boundary layers.

DOI： 10.1023/A:1023069316164

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語  

This paper describes the experimental study of a non-stratified airflow past a two-dimensional escarpment in a uniform flow. The Reynolds number, based on the uniform flow and the height of the escarpment, is about 10⁴. The slope gradient of the escarpment is 25, 35 and 45 degree. Airflows around the escarpment include the unsteady separated and reattaching flow (hereafter called a "separation bubble"), where the separation occurs from a sharp comer. Attention is focused on an influence of a surface roughness on airflow characteristics in a wake region. For this purpose, the velocity components were measured with the X-wire probe and the split-film probe. In addition, the flow visualization was performed by using the smoke-wire technique. Through comparison between the experimental results with the surface roughness and those without it, the significant difference in the airflow characteristics is confirmed in the separation bubble. This is mainly due to the size in the separation bubble. The size in the separation bubble with the surface roughness is much larger than the one without it. In the case under an imposition of the surface roughness, the velocity is strongly defected near the slope surface. As a result, the production of the vorticity in the separated shear layer is also inhibited, leading to the elongation in the separation bubble.

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In order to develop an overall efficient and accurate method of predicting an unsteady three-dimensional airflow over a complex terrain with characteristic length scales on the order of kilometers, we recently developed the CFD codes referred to as the RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain). In this paper, we carried out the calculation of turbulent airflow over a real complex terrain in a horizontal region of 9.5km × 5km with a relatively fine spatial resolution of 50 m. This area covers the new campus of Kyushu University. In order to generate instantaneous velocity fluctuations in an approaching flow, an unsteady flow field in the driver unit is directly calculated. The numerical results obtained by RIAM-COMPACT demonstrated that the changes induced on the wind field by the topographic effect, such as the local wind acceleration and the flow separation, were successfully simulated. We emphasized the following features as regards the wind field over the new campus area under the influence of the west wind. The wind field in the central region of the new campus area is strongly influenced by the wake region generated behind Mt. Hiyama (244m). The airflows moving around the side of Mt. Hiyama exhibit relatively small fluctuations. When these winds reach Mt. Ishigateke (99m), they are locally accelerated at the peak. Consequently, a local speed-up effect is confirmed in the southern part of the new campus area.

DOI： 10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00347-1

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In order to develop an overall efficient and accurate method of predicting an unsteady three-dimensional airflow over a complex terrain with characteristic length scales on the order of kilometers, we recently developed the CFD codes referred to as the RIAM-COMPACT (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain). In this paper, we carried out the calculation of turbulent airflow over a real complex terrain in a horizontal region of 9.5km × 5km with a relatively fine spatial resolution of 50 m. This area covers the new campus of Kyushu University. In order to generate instantaneous velocity fluctuations in an approaching flow, an unsteady flow field in the driver unit is directly calculated. The numerical results obtained by RIAM-COMPACT demonstrated that the changes induced on the wind field by the topographic effect, such as the local wind acceleration and the flow separation, were successfully simulated. We emphasized the following features as regards the wind field over the new campus area under the influence of the west wind. The wind field in the central region of the new campus area is strongly influenced by the wake region generated behind Mt. Hiyama (244m). The airflows moving around the side of Mt. Hiyama exhibit relatively small fluctuations. When these winds reach Mt. Ishigateke (99m), they are locally accelerated at the peak. Consequently, a local speed-up effect is confirmed in the southern part of the new campus area. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00347-1

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）  

記述言語：英語  

Wind tunnel experiments of gas diffusion were performed over flat terrain and over an isolated three-dimensional hill under neutral, stable and unstable (sea breeze) conditions. Conditions of airflow in the wind tunnel were determined so as to satisfy the similarity rule for the bulk Richardson number, by controlling temperature profiles and wind velocity of the thermally stratified wind tunnel. Typical characteristics were observed under each condition of atmospheric stability; reversed vortex behind the hill in neutral condition, downward slope wind in stable one and convective motion in unstable one. We compared these experiments with the results of a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) model for the wind velocity over the hill under neutral conditions. The numerical results showed good agreement with the experimental results.

DOI： 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00642-8

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語  

In order to develop an overall efficient and accurate model of simulating an unsteady three-dimensional airflow over complex terrain with characteristic length scales on the order of kilometers, we have been examining the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique using a finite-difference method (FDM). These LES codes are referred to as the RIAM-COMPACT (Research institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational JPrediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain), and are based on two grid systems and corresponding variable arrangement: one is an orthogonal staggered grid; the other is a generalized curvilinear collocated grid. In this paper, using the RIAM-COMPACT based on a generalized curvilinear collocated grid, we have performed the calculations of a non-stratified airflow over real complex terrain. This area covers the new campus of Kyushu University. To investigate more clearly the influence of topography on the airflow over the new campus area, we employed nested grids: the outer grid domain is 9.75km × 4.65km × 1.46km with horizontal grid spacing of 50m and the inner grid domain is 5km × 2.7km × 1.46km with horizontal grid spacing of 25m. The numerical results were compared with the wind tunnel experiment, and airflow characteristics due to the topographic effect, such as the wind speed-up and the separated flow, were successively simulated.

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Stably stratified flows over a two-dimensional hill in a channel of finite depth are investigated numerically at a Reynolds number of 2000, which is based on the uniform upstream velocity U and the hill height h. As a first step, we assume a free-slip condition on the ground, both upstream and downstream of the hill, and impose a no-slip condition only on the hill surface. Such a configuration corresponds to that of the previous towing tank experiments and numerical studies. For strong stratification (1 < K = NH/πU ≤ 2), the present numerical results confirmed that the flow around the hill is intrinsically unsteady, which is manifested very clearly as periodic oscillations in the drag coefficient C_d on the hill, and emphasize the following features, where N is the buoyancy frequency and H is the channel depth. For 1.1 ≤ K ≤ 1.7, columnar disturbances with mode n = 1 are dominant so that the flow around the hill shows a persistent periodic unsteadiness. This flow unsteadiness is mainly due to the periodic shedding of upstream advancing columnar disturbances with mode n = 1 with a clockwise circulation. For 1.8 ≤ K ≤ 2, as columnar disturbances with mode n = 2 become dominant, the flow around the hill rapidly reaches an almost steady state. In addition, through the calculations with the blockage ratio H/h = 6, 10 and corresponding Re=20, 100 and 2000, it is found that the normalized periods of C_d oscillations have a strong dependence on both the H/h and Re. As a next step, to investigate the flow around the hill under real atmospheric situations, we have performed calculations under imposition of a no-slip condition on the ground, particularly focusing on the effect of stable stratifications on the unsteady separated-reattached flow behind the hill. The flow around the hill exhibits different behavior over the whole range 0 ≤ K ≤ 2, corresponding to the difference in the boundary condition on the ground. For 0 ≤ K ≤ 0.9, the vortex shedding from the separation bubble behind the hill occurs. For K = 1 and 1.1, the vortex shedding is strongly suppressed so that the flow around the hill rapidly reaches an almost steady state. Under strong stratification (1 < K ≤ 2), although lee waves are excited downstream of the hill, the vortex shedding clearly exists. For 1.2 ≤ K ≤ 1.5, the flow field with a vortex shedding shows an approximately steady state, corresponding to the stationary Ice wave. It is much more likely that there is no significant change in the approaching flow just ahead of the hill, because the change in the columnar disturbances with mode n = 1 is very small. Only when 1.6 ≤ K ≤ 2 does the flow around the hill become unsteady. However, the rate of the periodic change in the separation bubble is very small. These flow mechanisms for 1.6 ≤ K ≤ 2 are almost the same as those discussed in the prior numerical results.

DOI： 10.1016/S0169-5983(01)00025-9

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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複雑地形上に設置された風車ウエイクの渦構造を数値シミュレーションにより明らかにしたものである．

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先端的数値風況予測モデル「RIAM-COMPACT®(リアムコンパクト)」を用いて，連続的な風向変化を考慮しながら複雑地形上の局地的な風の流れを再現したものである．

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開催地：東京ミッドタウン   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2009年3月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九大伊都キャンパス，付属循環型社会システム工学研究センター(CE40)，2F講義室   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2009年2月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Room W601, RIAM, Kyushu University   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2008年11月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2008年11月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：とりぎん文化会館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2008年10月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：China International Exhibition Center (NEW VENUE)   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2008年9月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：東北大学青葉山キャンパス人間・環境系実験研究棟   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2008年9月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：神戸大学工学部   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2008年8月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：同済戴斯大酒店（上海）   国名：中華人民共和国  

開催年月日： 2008年8月

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：横浜国立大学   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：東京ビッグサイト   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他  

開催地：幕張メッセ国際会議場(千葉)   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：名古屋大学(愛知)   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：東京大学教養学部   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館サイエンスホール(東京)   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館サイエンスホール(東京)   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：広島大学   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：東京国際フォーラム   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学筑紫キャンパス C-CUBE 3F303号室   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：京都大学 学術情報メディアセンター 南館2階 202マルチメディア講義室   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：三菱重工株式会社技術本部長崎研究所本館1F特別会議室   国名：日本国  

記述言語：その他   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：九州大学箱崎キャンパス   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2024年2月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：ハイブリッド方式   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年11月 - 2023年12月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：科学技術館   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年10月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：富士ソフトアキバプラザ５F　アキバホール   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年10月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：富士ソフトアキバプラザ５F アキバホール   国名：日本国  

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開催年月日： 2023年10月

記述言語：日本語  

開催地：北九州国際会議場（福岡県北九州市）   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：熊本大学（熊本県熊本市）   国名：日本国