記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Psychiatry  

Background: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have deficits in decision-making in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). However, no study has investigated the parameters of the prospect valence learning (PVL) model in the IGT for OCD. Aims: This study aimed to investigate deficits in decision-making in OCD using the PVL model and identify whether the parameters of the PVL model were associated with obsessive-compulsive severity. Methods: Forty-seven medication-free patients with OCD were compared with 47 healthy controls (HCs). Decision-making was measured using the total net and block net scores of the IGT. A PVL model with a decay-reinforcement learning rule (PVL-DecayRI) was used to investigate the parameters of the model. Correlation analysis was conducted between each parameter of the PVL-DecayRL and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Results: The total net score of patients with OCD was significantly lower than that of the HCs. The block net scores of the OCD group did not differ across the five blocks, whereas in the HCs, the fifth block net score was significantly higher than the block net scores of the first and second blocks. The values of the recency and response consistency parameters of the PVL-DecayRI in patients with OCD were significantly lower than those in HCs. The recency parameter positively correlated with the Y-BOCS obsessive score. Meanwhile, there was no correlation between consistency parameter values and symptom severity in OCD. Conclusion: Our detailed analysis of the decision-making deficit in OCD suggests that the most recent outcome has a small influence on the expectancy of prospect valence, as indicated by the lower recency parameter, and is characterized by more impulsive choices, as indicated by the lower consistency parameter.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1227057

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging  

Recent evidence suggests that broad brain regions, not limited to the fronto-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, play an important role in motor response inhibition. However, it is still unclear which specific key brain region is responsible for impaired motor response inhibition observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We calculated the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and measured response inhibition ability using the stop-signal task in 41 medication-free patients with OCD and 49 healthy control (HC) participants. We explored the brain region that shows different association between the fALFF and the ability of motor response inhibition. Significant differences in fALFF associated with the ability of motor response inhibition were identified in dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). There was a positive correlation between increased fALFF in the dorsal PCC and impaired motor response inhibition in OCD. In the HC group, there was a negative correlation between the two variables. Our results suggest that the magnitude of resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent oscillation of the dorsal PCC is a key brain region for the underlying mechanisms of impaired motor response inhibition in OCD. Future studies should examine whether this characteristic of dorsal PCC affects other large-scale networks responsible for motor response inhibition of OCD.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111669

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Cerebral Cortex  

Gyrification patterns ref lect early neurodevelopment and could be highly heritable. While some discrepant results have been reported, the most consistent finding was that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed altered gyrification patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex. Nevertheless, no study has investigated the alterations in gyrification in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. We measured local gyrification by the FreeSurfer software in 23 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 52 healthy control participants. We explored differences in the local gyrification index using vertex-wise whole-brain analysis and a region of interest-based approach in the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. There was no significant difference in the local gyrification index between the 2 groups in the vertex-wise whole-brain analysis. Region of interest analyses showed that, compared with healthy controls, first-degree relatives showed significantly reduced local gyrification index in the left medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. A negative correlation was observed between the reduced local gyrification index in lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the subclinical anxiety scores of first-degree relatives. Our results showed that first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had an altered local gyrification index in the orbitofrontal cortex. Especially, reduced local gyrification index in lateral orbitofrontal cortex associated with subclinical anxiety symptom could be a potential neurodevelopmental marker for the illness onset.

DOI： 10.1093/cercor/bhad170

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Cerebral Cortex  

Previous studies have suggested that specific fronto-striatal circuits are associated with impaired motor response inhibition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and their relatives. However, no study has investigated the underlying resting-state network associated with motor response inhibition in the unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with OCD. We measured motor response inhibition using stop-signal task, and obtained resting-state fMRI in 23 first-degree relatives and 52 healthy control participants. We explored the group differences in the functional network from seed regions-of-interest (ROIs) associated with motor response inhibition abilities. We used the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) as seed-ROIs. A significant group difference was observed in functional connectivity between the pre-SMA and inferior parietal lobule. In the relative group, reduced functional connectivity between these areas was associated with a longer stop-signal reaction time. Additionally, relatives showed significantly greater functional connectivity between the IFG and SMA, precentral, and postcentral areas. Our results could provide new insights into the resting-state neural activity of the pre-SMA underlying impaired motor response inhibition of unaffected first-degree relatives. In addition, our results suggested that relatives have an altered connectivity of the sensorimotor region, similar to that of patients with OCD shown in previous literature.

DOI： 10.1093/cercor/bhad058

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本リハビリテイション心理学会  

本研究の目的は自閉スペクトラム症（Autism Spectrum Disorder；以下，ASD）者における“かわいい”の定義を対象の属性，認知，感情の3要素および行動，機能から探索的に検討することであった。13歳～23歳のASD者15名（最終分析：13名，平均16.6歳，<i>SD</i>=3.62），14歳～23歳の定型発達（以下，TD）者30名（平均18.1歳，<i>SD</i>=3.21）を対象とし，“かわいい”に関する半構造化面接を行った。全727回答（ASD 264回答，TD 463回答）が得られ，回答はKJ法（川喜田，1967）を援用し分類を行った。その結果，ASD者の“かわいい”の定義として，「見る・触る・聞く・身に着ける等によって引き起こされる，近づきたい・そばにおいておきたい，よく見たいといった接近動機や，落ち着く，好きといった感情を伴い，情動調整や動機付け，精神的健康度の向上やコミュニケーションの促進機能を持つ」が得られ，ASD者独自のものとして「精神的健康度の向上やコミュニケーションの促進機能」が得られた。

DOI： 10.51009/rehapsycho.48.1_1

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語