記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Science Advances  

How did Homo sapiens thrive in extreme environments during their dispersal across Eurasia? Unraveling adaptations that enabled human survival during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains critical. Here, we analyze 42 genomes from Holocene hunter-gatherers (Jomon) in the Japanese archipelago, revealing their deep ancestry from an isolated Upper Paleolithic (UP) East Eurasian lineage. We detect gene flow from northern UP Siberians into Jomon, reconciling long-standing debates between bioanthropology and archaeology regarding East Asian peopling. We find no Jomon-specific Denisovan ancestry, suggesting shared introgression before their LGM divergence from mainlanders. Furthermore, we find evidence consistent with cold adaptation in Jomon UP ancestry, highlighting diverse physiological pathways. Our study provides one of the first paleogenomic frameworks for investigating ancient adaptations in UP East Eurasians, revealing an evolutionary legacy from a colder past in present-day humans.

DOI： 10.1126/sciadv.aea7469

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

INTRODUCTION: The degrees of subjective intoxication (SI) and vigilance impairment following alcohol consumption vary among individuals. This variability may reflect both metabolic enzyme genotypes and drinking behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the integrated associations among alcohol-metabolizing enzyme genotypes, drinking tendency, and acute alcohol-induced changes in breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), SI, and vigilance performance. METHODS: Alcohol (0.5 g/kg body weight) was orally administered to 93 healthy adults. BrAC, SI, and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) were measured at multiple time points between 0 and 100 min. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed with time as the within-subject factor and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotypes as between-subject factors. Additionally, using structural equation modeling (SEM), we examined how BrAC, SI, and PVT lapse rates were jointly related to genotypes and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) score. RESULTS: For BrAC and SI, a significant ALDH2 × time interaction was observed. ALDH2*1/*1 participants had lower BrAC than ALDH2*1/*2 participants. Regarding PVT performance, the main effect of time was observed, but no significant main effects or interactions involving genotypes were found. Additionally, results from SEM showed that, in the 40-min model, BrAC positively predicted SI and lapse rate, and AUDIT-C negatively predicted SI but not lapse rate. ALDH2 genotype positively predicted AUDIT-C and negatively predicted BrAC; ALDH2 genotype also showed a significant direct negative path to SI but not on lapse rate. In the 100-min model, BrAC positively predicted SI but not lapse rate, and AUDIT-C negatively predicted SI but not lapse rate. CONCLUSION: ALDH2 genotype contributed to variability in BrAC and SI but not PVT performance. In the 40-min SEM model, higher AUDIT-C predicted lower SI despite no association with BrAC or PVT lapse rate. This pattern suggests a discrepancy between self-reported intoxication and PVT performance. These findings may inform risk communication and intervention strategies to reduce alcohol-related accidents and improve health education. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000055964, registered on 2024-10-28.

DOI： 10.1186/s40101-026-00434-w

Web of Science

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本遠隔医療学会  

2020年よりCOVID-19パンデミック下で学術集会(学会)の現地開催の代替手段として普及したオンライン開催は、感染拡大防止以外にも負担の少ない参加機会の提供という利便性をもたらした。本研究では、医師の生涯教育としての学会参加における形式の評価傾向を明らかにする。耳鼻咽喉科医と一般市民を対象に、オンライン参加と現地参加に関する意識調査を行い、順序ロジスティック回帰分析により両群の評価傾向を比較した。結果、医師は一般と比較し総合評価としてオンライン参加を評価していた。個別の評価要素としては参加のしやすさ、身体的・経済的負担、仕事や家庭とのバランスについてはオンラインを、人脈形成や交流は現地参加を評価する傾向があった。またオンライン経験が豊富な層ほど利便性に関する評価要素への評価が高まる傾向も示された。本調査で明らかになった医師特有の評価傾向に基づき、現地・オンライン双方の利点を活かした柔軟な学会の開催形態が求められる。(著者抄録)

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Obesity  

Background: Sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis can ameliorate obesity and related metabolic abnormalities. However, crucial subtypes of the β-adrenergic receptor (AR), as well as effects of its genetic variants on functions of BAT, remains unclear in humans. We conducted association analyses of genes encoding β-ARs and BAT activity in human adults. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in β1-, β2-, and β3-AR genes (ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3) were tested for the association with BAT activity under mild cold exposure (19 °C, 2 h) in 399 healthy Japanese adults. BAT activity was measured using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). To validate the results, we assessed the effects of SNPs in the two independent populations comprising 277 healthy East Asian adults using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) or infrared thermography (IRT). Effects of SNPs on physiological responses to intensive cold exposure were tested in 42 healthy Japanese adult males using an artificial climate chamber. Results: We found a significant association between a functional SNP (rs1042718) in ADRB2 and BAT activity assessed with FDG-PET/CT (p < 0.001). This SNP also showed an association with cold-induced thermogenesis in the population subset. Furthermore, the association was replicated in the two other independent populations; BAT activity was evaluated by NIRTRS or IRT (p < 0.05). This SNP did not show associations with oxygen consumption and cold-induced thermogenesis under intensive cold exposure, suggesting the irrelevance of shivering thermogenesis. The SNPs of ADRB1 and ADRB3 were not associated with these BAT-related traits. Conclusions: The present study supports the importance of β2-AR in the sympathetic regulation of BAT thermogenesis in humans. The present collection of DNA samples is the largest to which information on the donor’s BAT activity has been assigned and can serve as a reference for further in-depth understanding of human BAT function. (Figure presented.)

DOI： 10.1038/s41366-024-01522-6

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

開催年月日： 2026年5月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2025年10月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2025年9月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：大阪府  

開催年月日： 2025年5月

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2025年5月

会議種別：ポスター発表  

J-GLOBAL