| 1. |
炎症性腸疾患(IBD)発症における腸粘膜γδT細胞の役割. |
| 2. |
サイトカイン抑制シグナル分子SOCS1によるCD8α樹状細胞の制御. |
| 3. |
H Ogata, M Kamio, T Yoshida, T Chinen, T Hirahashi, M Iida, A Yoshimura, SOCS3 inhibits experimental liver fibrosis, GASTROENTEROLOGY, 126, 4, A668-A668, 2004.04. |
| 4. |
H Ogata, T Yoshida, T Chinen, T Hirahashi, K Azuma, M Ida, A Yoshimura, SOCS3 inhibits hepatitis-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, GASTROENTEROLOGY, 128, 4, A685-A685, 2005.04. |
| 5. |
Ogata H, Chinen T, Yoshida T, Kinjyo I, Takaesu G, Shiraishi H, Iida M, Kobayashi T, Yoshimura A, Loss of SOCS3 in the liver promotes fibrosis by enhancing STAT3-mediated TGF-β1 production, Oncogene, 10.1038/sj.onc.1209281, 25, 17, 2520-2530, 2006.04. |
| 6. |
Eikichi Ihara, Haruei Ogino, Kazumasa Muta, Shohei Hamada, Masafumi Wada, Yoshitaka Hata, Hiroko Ikeda, Xiaopeng Bai, Yosuke Minoda, Mitsuru Esaki, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Takatoshi Chinen, Yoshihiro Ogawa, The treatment effects of acotiamide in esophagogastric outflow obstruction: a prospective longitudinal observational study., Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society, 10.1007/s10388-021-00887-1, 2021.10, OBJECTIVES: We have found that an altered lower esophageal sphincter (LES) accommodation response is an underlying cause of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO). The objective of this study was to examine the treatment effect of acotiamide, a prokinetic agent which improves impaired gastric accommodation in functional dyspepsia, in patients with EGJOO. METHODS: A prospective observational longitudinal study was conducted between October 2014 and March 2020. Acotiamide (100 mg, 3 times a day) was administered to 25 patients with EGJOO for 4 weeks. High-resolution manometry (HRM) was performed just before and after 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: As the primary outcome, the extent of integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) after treatment (14.6, 12.1-22.0 mmHg) was significantly lower than that before treatment (19.4, 17.1-27.4 mmHg). The extent of LES accommodation index after treatment (32.7, 21.0-40.0 mmHg) was also significantly lower than that before treatment (39.3, 31.2-50.2 mmHg). Acotiamide normalized the IRP ( |
| 7. |
Shohei Hamada, Eikichi Ihara, Kazumasa Muta, Masafumi Wada, Yoshitaka Hata, Hiroko Ikeda, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Haruei Ogino, Takatoshi Chinen, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Onigiri esophagography as a screening test for esophageal motility disorders., Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility, 10.5056/jnm20138, 28, 1, 43-52, 2021.07, Background/Aims: No screening test for esophageal motility disorder (EMD) has been established, the objective of this study is to examine the potential usefulness of our newly developed "Onigiri esophagography" combined with an obstruction level (OL) classification system in screening for EMD. Methods: A total of 102 patients with suspected EMDs who underwent both high-resolution manometry (HRM) and Onigiri esophagography between April 2017 and January 2019 were examined. The EMD diagnosis was performed based on the Chicago classification version 3.0 by HRM. Onigiri esophagography was performed using a liquid medium (barium sulfate) followed by a solid medium, which consisted of an Onigiri (a Japanese rice ball) with barium powder. The extent of medium obstruction was assessed by the OL classification, which was defined in a stepwise fashion from OL0 (no obstruction) to OL4 (severe obstruction). Results: Thirty-two percent of the patients with OL0 (32.3%), OL1 (50.0%), OL2 (88.0%), OL3 (100.0%), and OL4 (100.0%) were diagnosed EMDs by HRM. The area under the curve, as determined by a receiver operating characteristic analysis, for the OL classification was 0.86. Using the cutoff value of OL1, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.3% and 61.3%, respectively, while using a cutoff value of OL2, the sensitivity and specificity were 73.2% and 90.3%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, Onigiri esophagography combined with the OL classification system can be used as a screening test for EMDs with a cutoff value of OL1.. |
| 8. |
Kei Nishioka, Haruei Ogino, Takatoshi Chinen, Eikichi Ihara, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Mucosal IL23A expression predicts the response to Ustekinumab in inflammatory bowel disease., Journal of gastroenterology, 10.1007/s00535-021-01819-7, 56, 11, 976-987, 2021.08, BACKGROUND: Biologics against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 are increasingly used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. However, information on response prediction to these agents is limited. Thus, we aimed to identify factors for IBD treatment response prediction. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in 33 IBD subjects for anti-TNF and a prospective study of 23 IBD and 11 non-IBD subjects for ustekinumab (UST). Mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained before treatment with biologics. The expression of 18 immune-related genes encoding representative cytokines and transcription factors was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There was no difference between the treatment-resistant and -sensitive groups with regard to clinical characteristics. A higher expression of oncostatin M (OSM) and its receptor OSMR in the intestinal mucosa was most strongly associated with anti-TNF resistance, whereas lower IL23A expression was most strongly associated with UST resistance. In addition to the absolute expression levels of genes, concordant or discordant expression patterns of particular gene sets were associated with treatment sensitivity and resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The association of anti-TNF resistance and mucosal OSM and OSMR expression was consistent with the results of a previous study in a European cohort. Our observation that IBD subjects with higher mucosal IL23A expression were more likely to achieve remission by UST has not been previously reported. The response to biologics may thus be predicted in IBD patients through the analysis of mucosal gene expression levels and patterns.. |
| 9. |
Yuichiro Nishihara, Haruei Ogino, Masaru Tanaka, Eikichi Ihara, Keita Fukaura, Kei Nishioka, Takatoshi Chinen, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Jiro Nakayama, Dongchon Kang, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Mucosa-associated gut microbiota reflects clinical course of ulcerative colitis., Scientific reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-92870-0, 11, 1, 13743-13743, 2021.07, This longitudinal study was designed to elucidate whether gut microbiota is associated with relapse and treatment response in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Fifty-one patients with UC were enrolled between 2012 and 2017, and followed up through 2020. Colon mucosal biopsy were obtained at enrollment, and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed using extracted RNA. Of the 51 patients, 24 were in remission and 27 had active UC at enrollment. Of the 24 patients in remission, 17 maintained remission and 7 developed relapse during follow-up. The 7 patients with relapse showed lower diversity, with a lower proportion of Clostridiales (p = 0.0043), and a higher proportion of Bacteroides (p = 0.047) at enrollment than those without relapse. The 27 patients with active UC were classified into response (n = 6), refractory (n = 13), and non-response (n = 8) groups according to their treatment response in 6 months. The refractory and non-response groups showed lower diversity with a lower proportion of Prevotella (p = 0.048 and 0.043) at enrollment than the response group. This study is the first demonstration that reduced diversity and particular microbes are associated with the later clinical course of relapse events and treatment response in UC.. |
| 10. |
Yoshihiro Otsuka, Xiaopeng Bai, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Eikichi Ihara, Takatoshi Chinen, Haruei Ogino, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Involvement of interstitial cells of Cajal in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-induced relaxation of the porcine lower esophageal sphincter., European journal of pharmacology, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174491, 910, 174491-174491, 2021.11, The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) play an important role in coordinated gastrointestinal motility. The present study aimed to elucidate whether or how ICCs are involved in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation induced by stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The application of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium (DMPP; a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist) induced a transient relaxation in the circular smooth muscle of the porcine LES. DMPP-induced relaxation was abolished by not only 1 μM tetrodotoxin but also the inhibition of ICC activity by pretreatment with 100 μM carbenoxolone (a gap junction inhibitor), pretreatment with 100 μM CaCCinh-A01 (an anoctamin-1 blocker acting as a calcium-activated chloride channel inhibitor), and pretreatment with Cl--free solution. However, pretreatment with 100 μM Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester had little effect on DMPP-induced relaxation. Furthermore, DMPP-induced relaxation was inhibited by pretreatment with 1 mM suramin, a purinergic P2 receptor antagonist, but not by 1 μM VIP (6-28), a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist. Stimulation of the purinergic P2 receptor with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced relaxation, which was abolished by the inhibition of ICC activity by pretreatment with CaCCinh-A01. In conclusion, membrane hyperpolarization of the ICCs via the activation of anoctamin-1 plays a central role in DMPP-induced relaxation. ATP may be a neurotransmitter for inhibitory enteric neurons, which stimulate the ICCs. The ICCs act as the interface of neurotransmission of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in order to induce LES relaxation.. |
| 11. |
Hiroaki Okuno, Haruei Ogino, Eikichi Ihara, Kei Nishioka, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Takatoshi Chinen, Motoyuki Kohjima, Takamasa Oono, Masatake Tanaka, Takeshi Goya, Nao Fujimori, Yoichiro Iboshi, Takuji Gotoda, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Discriminant equation using mucosally expressed cytokines and transcription factor for making definite diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease unclassified., BMC gastroenterology, 10.1186/s12876-021-01656-1, 21, 1, 73-73, 2021.02, BACKGROUND: The pathological conditions of UC and CD involved in inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified (IBD-U), UC with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-UC), and UC with autoimmune pancreatitis type 2 (AIP-UC) remain unclear. Therefore, it is difficult to decide the appropriate treatments for these subtypes of UC. Our aim was to examine whether the discriminant equation using the mucosally expressed mediators designed as our previous study for IBD, could characterize IBD-U, PSC-UC, or AIP-UC. METHODS: A total of 56 patients including UC (n = 24), CD (n = 15), IBD-U (n = 10), PSC-UC (n = 4), and AIP-UC (n = 3), along with 9 control patients were enrolled in this study. Mucosally expressed inflammatory mediators related to Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg were measured using quantitative PCR in endoscopic biopsies from the inflamed intestines of the patients. The IBD-U, PSC-UC or AIP-UC were characterized using discriminant analysis and principle component analysis. RESULTS: Through discriminant analyses, combinations of 3 to 7 inflammatory mediators were used to discriminate between UC and CD. Moreover, the identified 3 markers could diagnose patients with IBD-U as UC or CD with high accuracy. The distribution graph of inflammatory mediators using the principal component analysis revealed that PSC-UC and AIP-UC exhibited CD-like and UC-like features, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The discriminant equation using mucosally expressed mediators of IL-13, IL-21 and T-bet can be used as a universal diagnostic tool not only for IBD-U but also to assess pathological conditions in PSC-UC and AIP-UC.. |
| 12. |
Yoshitaka Hata, Eikichi Ihara, Masafumi Wada, Hirotaka Tsuru, Kazumasa Muta, Yosuke Minoda, Xiaopeng Bai, Mitsuru Esaki, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Takatoshi Chinen, Haruei Ogino, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Improved esophagography screening for esophageal motility disorders using wave appearance and supra-junctional ballooning., Journal of gastroenterology, 10.1007/s00535-022-01913-4, 57, 11, 838-847, 2022.08, BACKGROUND: High-resolution manometry (HRM) is the gold standard for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders (EMDs); however, it requires specialized equipment. The development of more accessible screening examinations is expected. We evaluated the utility of barium esophagography (BE) screening using two novel findings to diagnose EMDs. METHODS: Between January 2013 and October 2020, 244 patients with suspected EMDs who underwent both HRM and BE were analyzed. The EMD diagnosis was based on HRM findings using Chicago Classification version 3.0. BE was performed using sequential esophagography with barium sulfate. Three conventional BE findings (air-fluid level, rosary-bead/corkscrew appearance, and absent/weak peristalsis) and two novel BE findings (wave appearance and supra-junctional ballooning) were used for diagnosis. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of BE screening using the two novel findings and conventional findings to diagnose EMDs were 79.4% and 88%, respectively [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.837]. Without these novel findings, they were 63.9% and 96%, respectively (AUC = 0.800), respectively. Achalasia was highly correlated with the air-fluid level (88.7%). Absent contractility was highly correlated with absent/weak peristalsis (85.7%). Relatively high correlations were observed between distal esophageal spasm and rosary-bead/corkscrew appearance (60%), and between achalasia and wave appearance (59.7%). The intra-observer reproducibility and inter-observer agreement for individual BE findings were 84.4% and 75%, respectively. Wave appearance was associated with higher integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) and shorter distal latency. Supra-junctional ballooning was associated with higher IRP. CONCLUSIONS: BE screening using two additional novel findings to diagnose EMDs could be useful in general practice.. |
| 13. |
Yosuke Minoda, Eikichi Ihara, Nao Fujimori, Shuzaburo Nagatomo, Mitsuru Esaki, Yoshitaka Hata, Xiaopeng Bai, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Haruei Ogino, Takatoshi Chinen, Qingjiang Hu, Eiji Oki, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Efficacy of ultrasound endoscopy with artificial intelligence for the differential diagnosis of non-gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors., Scientific reports, 10.1038/s41598-022-20863-8, 12, 1, 16640-16640, 2022.10, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are common subepithelial lesions (SELs) and require treatment considering their malignant potential. We recently developed an endoscopic ultrasound-based artificial intelligence (EUS-AI) system to differentiate GISTs from non-GISTs in gastric SELs, which were used to train the system. We assessed whether the EUS-AI system designed for diagnosing gastric GISTs could be applied to non-gastric GISTs. Between January 2015 and January 2021, 52 patients with non-gastric SELs (esophagus, n = 15; duodenum, n = 26; colon, n = 11) were enrolled. The ability of EUS-AI to differentiate GISTs from non-GISTs in non-gastric SELs was examined. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of EUS-AI for discriminating GISTs from non-GISTs in non-gastric SELs were 94.4%, 100%, and 86.1%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.98 based on the cutoff value set using the Youden index. In the subanalysis, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of EUS-AI were highest in the esophagus (100%, 100%, 100%; duodenum, 96.2%, 100%, 0%; colon, 90.9%, 100%, 0%); the cutoff values were determined using the Youden index or the value determined using stomach cases. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS-AI increased as lesion size increased, regardless of lesion location. EUS-AI based on gastric SELs had good diagnostic ability for non-gastric GISTs.. |
| 14. |
Yoko Igarashi-Hisayoshi, Eikichi Ihara, Xiaopeng Bai, Chika Higashi, Hiroko Ikeda, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Mayumi Hirano, Haruei Ogino, Takatoshi Chinen, Yasushi Taguchi, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Determination of Region-Specific Roles of the M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Gastrointestinal Motility., Digestive diseases and sciences, 10.1007/s10620-022-07637-y, 68, 2, 439-450, 2022.08, BACKGROUND: The specific role of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in gastrointestinal motility under physiological conditions is unclear, due to a lack of subtype-selective compounds. AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine the region-specific role of the M3 receptor in gastrointestinal motility. METHODS: We developed a novel positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the M3 receptor, PAM-369. The effects of PAM-369 on the carbachol-induced contractile response of porcine esophageal smooth muscle and mouse colonic smooth muscle (ex vivo) and on the transit in mouse small intestine and rat colon (in vivo) were examined. RESULTS: PAM-369 selectively potentiated the M3 receptor under the stimulation of its orthosteric ligands without agonistic or antagonistic activity. Half-maximal effective concentrations of PAM activity for human, mouse, and rat M3 receptors were 0.253, 0.345, and 0.127 μM, respectively. PAM-369 enhanced carbachol-induced contraction in porcine esophageal smooth muscle and mouse colonic smooth muscle without causing any contractile responses by itself. The oral administration of 30 mg/kg PAM-369 increased the small intestinal transit in both normal motility and loperamide-induced intestinal dysmotility mice but had no effects on the colonic transit, although the M3 receptor mRNA expression is higher in the colon than in the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided the first direct evidence that the M3 receptor has different region-specific roles in the motility function between the small intestine and colon in physiological and pathophysiological contexts. Selective PAMs designed for targeted subtypes of muscarinic receptors are useful for elucidating the subtype-specific function.. |
| 15. |
Yosuke Minoda, Mitsuru Esaki, Eikichi Ihara, Shuzaburo Nagatomo, Kei Nishioka, Nao Fujimori, Haruei Ogino, Xiaopeng Bai, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Takatoshi Chinen, Qingjiang Hu, Mitsuhiko Ota, Shinya Umekita, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Auxiliary diagnosis of subepithelial lesions by impedance measurement during endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle biopsy., Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 10.1016/j.gie.2022.11.022, 97, 5, 977-984, 2022.11, INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) is the gold standard for diagnosing subepithelial lesions (SELs); however, its diagnostic ability for SELs |
| 16. |
Hideo Yasukawa, Masanobu Ohishi, Hiroyuki Mori, Masaaki Murakami, Takatoshi Chinen, Daisuke Aki, Toshikatsu Hanada, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Masahiko Hoshijima, Toshio Hirano, Kenneth R Chien, Akihiko Yoshimura, IL-6 induces an anti-inflammatory response in the absence of SOCS3 in macrophages., Nature immunology, 4, 6, 551-6, 2003.06, Whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine, IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Although signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is essential for the function of both IL-6 and IL-10, it is unclear how these two cytokines have such opposing functions. Here we show that suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a key regulator of the divergent action of these two cytokines. In macrophages lacking the Socs3 gene or carrying a mutation of the SOCS3-binding site in gp130, the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-12 is suppressed by both IL-10 and IL-6. SOCS3 specifically prevents activation of STAT3 by IL-6 but not IL-10. Taken together, these data indicate that SOCS3 selectively blocks signaling by IL-6, thereby preventing its ability to inhibit LPS signaling.. |
| 17. |
Kyoko Inagaki-Ohara, Takatoshi Chinen, Goro Matsuzaki, Atsuo Sasaki, Yukiko Sakamoto, Kenji Hiromatsu, Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama, Yukifumi Nawa, Akihiko Yoshimura, Mucosal T cells bearing TCRgammadelta play a protective role in intestinal inflammation., Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 173, 2, 1390-8, 2004.07, Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) bearing TCRgammadelta represent a major T cell population in the murine intestine. However, the role of gammadelta IEL in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains controversial. In this study, we show that gammadelta IEL is an important protective T cell population against IBD. gammadelta T cell-deficient (Cdelta(-/-)) mice developed spontaneous colitis with age and showed high susceptibility to Th1-type 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis at a young age. Transfer of gammadelta IEL to Cdelta(-/-) mice ameliorated TNBS-induced colitis, which correlated with decrease of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production and an increase of TGF-beta production by IEL. Furthermore, a high level of IL-15, which inhibits activation-induced cell death to terminate inflammation, was expressed more in intestinal epithelial cells (EC) from TNBS-treated Cdelta(-/-) mice than in those from wild-type mice. EC from wild-type mice significantly suppressed the IFN-gamma production of IEL from TNBS-treated Cdelta(-/-) mice, whereas EC from TNBS-treated Cdelta(-/-) mice did not. These data indicate that gammadelta IEL play important roles in controlling IBD by regulating mucosal T cell activation cooperated with EC function. Our study suggests that enhancement of regulatory gammadelta T cell activity is a possible new cell therapy for colitis.. |
| 18. |
Takatoshi Chinen, Tadashi Misawa, Koki Yoshida, Toshifumi Nasu, Shigeru Kubo, Satoshi Toyoshima, Takashi Yao, Naohiko Harada, Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma., Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 60, 5, 798-9, 2004.11. |
| 19. |
Jun Tsukada, Akemi Ozaki, Toshikatsu Hanada, Takatoshi Chinen, Ryo Abe, Akihiko Yoshimura, Masato Kubo, The role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 as a negative regulator for aberrant expansion of CD8alpha+ dendritic cell subset., International immunology, 17, 9, 1167-78, 2005.09, The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 is a negative regulator in multiple cytokine-related aspects to maintain immunological homeostasis. Here, we studied a role of SOCS1 on dendritic cell (DC) maturation in the mice lacking either TCRalpha chain or CD28 in SOCS1-deficient background, and found that the SOCS1 could restore acute phase of inflammatory response in SOCS1-deficient mice. The CD11c+ CD8- DC population in freshly isolated splenic DCs from normal mice highly expressed SOCS1. However, in SOCS1-deficient environment, the proportion of CD8alpha+ DCs (CD8 DCs) noticeably increased without affecting the cell number of conventional and plasmacytoid DC populations. This population revealed the CD11cdull CD8alpha+ CD11b- CD45RA- B220- phenotype, which is a minor population in normal mice. Localization of the abnormal CD8 DCs in splenic microenvironments was mainly restricted to deep within red pulp. The CD8 DCs secrete a large amount of IFN-gamma, IL-12 and B lymphocyte stimulator/B cell activation factor of the tumor necrosis factor family in response to LPS and CpG stimulation. This is responsible for the development of DC-mediated systemic autoimmunity in the old age of SOCS1-deficient mice. Moreover, the CD8 DC subsets expressed more indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and IL-10, and hence inhibit the allogeneic proliferative T cell response and antigen-induced Th1 responses. Therefore, SOCS1 expression during DC maturation plays a role in surveillance in controlling the aberrant expansion of abnormal DC subset to maintain homeostasis of immune system.. |
| 20. |
Takatoshi Chinen, Tadashi Misawa, Takashi Yao, Toshifumi Nasu, Koki Yoshida, Shigeru Kubo, Satoshi Toyoshima, Tsugio Sakaguchi, Naohiko Harada, Pedunculated cap polyps preceding the development of cap polyposis: case report., Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 61, 2, 338-40, 2005.02. |
| 21. |
Takatoshi Chinen, Takashi Kobayashi, Hisanobu Ogata, Giichi Takaesu, Hiromi Takaki, Masayuki Hashimoto, Hideo Yagita, Hajime Nawata, Akihiko Yoshimura, Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 regulates inflammatory bowel disease in which both IFNgamma and IL-4 are involved., Gastroenterology, 130, 2, 373-88, 2006.02, BACKGROUND & AIMS: The suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) is a potent negative regulator of various cytokines and it has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses. However, the role of SOCS1 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has not been clarified. To determine the role of SOCS1 in colitis, we generated SOCS1/T-cell receptor alpha (TCRalpha) double knockout (DKO) mice. METHODS: The depletion of interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and IL-4 was achieved by crossing the DKO mice with IFNgamma knockout (KO) mice and by the administration of anti-IL-4 antibody, respectively. The activation of cytokine-induced transcription factors was determined by Western blotting with phosphorylation-specific antibodies, and the induction of inflammatory factors was measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Much more severe colitis developed in 100% of the DKO mice within 9 weeks of age than in TCRalpha-KO mice. Although the proportion and the activation status of CD4(+) TCRalpha(-)beta(+) T cells in DKO mice were similar to those in TCRalpha-KO mice, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, nuclear factor kappaB, and their target genes were hyperactivated in infiltrated mononuclear cells and colonic epithelial cells in DKO mice. Cytokine-depletion experiments showed that exacerbated colitis in the DKO mice was dependent on both IFNgamma and IL-4. SOCS1-deficient cells were hypersensitive to IFNgamma, IL-4, and lipopolysaccharides, depending on the target genes. CONCLUSIONS: SOCS1 plays an important role in preventing murine colitis by restricting the cytokine signals. SOCS1/TCRalpha DKO mice could be a useful model for investigating human IBD.. |
| 22. |
Toshikatsu Hanada, Takashi Kobayashi, Takatoshi Chinen, Kazuko Saeki, Hiromi Takaki, Keiko Koga, Yasumasa Minoda, Takahito Sanada, Tomoko Yoshioka, Hiromitsu Mimata, Seiya Kato, Akihiko Yoshimura, IFNgamma-dependent, spontaneous development of colorectal carcinomas in SOCS1-deficient mice., The Journal of experimental medicine, 203, 6, 1391-7, 2006.06, Approximately 20% of human cancers are estimated to develop from chronic inflammation. Recently, the NF-kappaB pathway was shown to play an essential role in promoting inflammation-associated cancer, but the role of the JAK/STAT pathway, another important signaling pathway of proinflammatory cytokines, remains to be investigated. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) acts as an important physiological regulator of cytokine responses, and silencing of the SOCS1 gene by DNA methylation has been found in several human cancers. Here, we demonstrated that SOCS1-deficient mice (SOCS1-/- Tg mice), in which SOCS1 expression was restored in T and B cells on a SOCS1-/- background, spontaneously developed colorectal carcinomas carrying nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and p53 mutations at 6 months of age. However, interferon (IFN)gamma-/- SOCS1-/- mice and SOCS1-/- Tg mice treated with anti-IFNgamma antibody did not develop such tumors. STAT3 and NF-kappaB activation was evident in SOCS1-/- Tg mice, but these were not sufficient for tumor development because these are also activated in IFNgamma-/- SOCS1-/- mice. However, colons of SOCS1-/- Tg mice, but not IFNgamma-/- SOCS1-/- mice, showed hyperactivation of STAT1, which resulted in the induction of carcinogenesis-related enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These data strongly suggest that SOCS1 is a unique antioncogene which prevents chronic inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis by regulation of the IFNgamma/STAT1 pathways.. |
| 23. |
Hisanobu Ogata, Takashi Kobayashi, Takatoshi Chinen, Hiromi Takaki, Takahito Sanada, Yasumasa Minoda, Keiko Koga, Giichi Takaesu, Yoshihiko Maehara, Mitsuo Iida, Akihiko Yoshimura, Deletion of the SOCS3 gene in liver parenchymal cells promotes hepatitis-induced hepatocarcinogenesis., Gastroenterology, 131, 1, 179-93, 2006.07, BACKGROUND & AIMS: A recent study has suggested that the methylation silencing of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), a negative regulator of interleukin-6-related cytokines, could be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the roles of SOCS3 in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and hepatitis have not been established. We investigated the effect of deleting the SOCS3 gene on the development of hepatitis and HCC in hepatitis C virus-infected patients and mouse models. METHODS: The expression of SOCS genes in HCC and non-HCC regions of patient samples was determined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. The conditional knockout approach in mice was used to determine the hepatocyte-specific roles of SOCS3. To generate a liver-specific deletion, floxed SOCS3 (SOCS3(fl/fl)) mice were crossed with albumin-Cre transgenic mice. Hepatitis and HCC were induced by administering concanavalin A and diethylnitrosamine, respectively. RESULTS: SOCS3 expression was reduced in the HCC regions compared with the non-HCC regions. Carcinogen-induced hepatic tumor development was enhanced by deletion of the SOCS3 gene, which was associated with higher levels of the targets of signal transducers and activators of transcription (ie, B-cell lymphoma-XL, B-cell lymphoma-2, C-myelocytomatosis, cyclin D1, and vascular endothelial growth factor). In the concanavalin A-mediated hepatitis model, deletion of the SOCS3 gene in the hepatocytes protected against liver injury through suppression of interferon-gamma signaling and induction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL. CONCLUSIONS: Deletion of the SOCS3 gene in hepatocytes promotes the activation of STAT3, resistance to apoptosis, and an acceleration of proliferation, resulting in enhanced hepatitis-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.. |
| 24. |
Yumiko Matsumura, Takashi Kobayashi, Kenji Ichiyama, Ryoko Yoshida, Masayuki Hashimoto, Tomohito Takimoto, Kentaro Tanaka, Takatoshi Chinen, Takashi Shichita, Tony Wyss-Coray, Katsuaki Sato, Akihiko Yoshimura, Selective expansion of foxp3-positive regulatory T cells and immunosuppression by suppressors of cytokine signaling 3-deficient dendritic cells., Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 179, 4, 2170-9, 2007.08, Dendritic cells (DCs) induce immunity and immunological tolerance as APCs. It has been shown that DCs secreting IL-10 induce IL-10(+) Tr1-type regulatory T (Treg) cells, whereas Foxp3-positive Treg cells are expanded from naive CD4(+) T cells by coculturing with mature DCs. However, the regulatory mechanism of expansion of Foxp3(+) Treg cells by DCs has not been clarified. In this study, we demonstrated that suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3-deficient DCs have a strong potential as Foxp3(+) T cell-inducing tolerogenic DCs. SOCS3(-/-) DCs expressed lower levels of class II MHC, CD40, CD86, and IL-12 than wild-type (WT)-DCs both in vitro and in vivo, and showed constitutive activation of STAT3. Foxp3(-) effector T cells were predominantly expanded by the priming with WT-DCs, whereas Foxp3(+) Treg cells were selectively expanded by SOCS3(-/-) DCs. Adoptive transfer of SOCS3(-/-) DCs reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Foxp3(+) T cell expansion was blocked by anti-TGF-beta Ab, and SOCS3(-/-) DCs produced higher levels of TGF-beta than WT-DCs, suggesting that TGF-beta plays an essential role in the expansion of Foxp3(+) Treg cells. These results indicate an important role of SOCS3 in determining on immunity or tolerance by DCs.. |
| 25. |
Takehiro Torisu, Mako Nakaya, Satoko Watanabe, Masayuki Hashimoto, Hideyuki Yoshida, Takatoshi Chinen, Ryoko Yoshida, Fuyuki Okamoto, Toshikatsu Hanada, Kumiko Torisu, Giichi Takaesu, Takashi Kobayashi, Hideo Yasukawa, Akihiko Yoshimura, Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 protects mice against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting apoptosis., Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 10.1002/hep.22214, 47, 5, 1644-54, 2008.05, UNLABELLED: Acute liver failure is associated with significant mortality. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is not yet fully understood. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1), which is a negative-feedback molecule for cytokine signaling, has been shown to be rapidly induced during liver injury. Here, using liver-specific SOCS1-conditional-knockout mice, we demonstrated that SOCS1 deletion in hepatocytes enhanced concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis, which has been shown to be dependent on activated T and natural killer T (NKT) cells. Although serum cytokine level and NKT cell activation were similar in wild-type (WT) and SOCS1-deficient mice after ConA treatment, proapoptotic signals, including signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and Jun-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, were enhanced in SOCS1-deficient livers compared with those in WT livers. SOCS1-deficient hepatocytes had higher expression of Fas antigen and were more sensitive to anti-Fas antibody-induced apoptosis than were WT hepatocytes. Furthermore, SOCS1-deficient hepatocytes were more sensitive to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced JNK activation and apoptosis. These data indicate that SOCS1 is important to the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by Fas and TNF-alpha. In contrast, SOCS1 overexpression in the liver by adenoviral gene transfer prevented ConA-induced liver injury. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that SOCS1 plays important negative roles in fulminant hepatitis and that forced expression of SOCS1 is therapeutic in preventing hepatitis.. |
| 26. |
Jiro Horino, Minoru Fujimoto, Fumitaka Terabe, Satoshi Serada, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Yoshihito Soma, Kentaro Tanaka, Takatoshi Chinen, Akihiko Yoshimura, Shintaro Nomura, Ichiro Kawase, Norio Hayashi, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Tetsuji Naka, Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice., International immunology, 10.1093/intimm/dxn033, 20, 6, 753-62, 2008.06, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain unknown, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-gamma play an important role in the development of IBD. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) is a crucial inhibitor of cytokine signaling, particularly of IFN-gamma. In this study, we investigated the role of SOCS-1 in the development of murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, a model of colitis resembling human IBD. SOCS-1 heterozygous (SOCS-1(+/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice were given 3% DSS dissolved in drinking water for 5 days. Activation and expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in colonic tissues were assessed by western blot analysis. The expression of CD4, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-17 and Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) in colonic lamina propria lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry and cytokine concentrations in serum were measured. DSS-treated SOCS-1(+/-) mice developed more severe colitis than DSS-treated WT mice. Enhanced activation of STAT1, a higher ratio of CD4(+)IFN-gamma(+) T cells and a lower frequency of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, were observed in the colon of DSS-treated SOCS-1(+/-) mice compared with DSS-treated WT mice. DSS-treated SOCS-1(+/-) mice showed higher levels of IFN-gamma in sera than did DSS-treated WT mice. Furthermore, T cell-specific SOCS-1-conditional knockout mice developed more severe colitis than control mice after DSS administration. Our findings suggest that SOCS-1, particularly in T cells, prevents the development of DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting IFN-gamma/STAT1 signaling and by subsequently regulating Treg cell development.. |
| 27. |
Hiromi Takaki, Kenji Ichiyama, Keiko Koga, Takatoshi Chinen, Giichi Takaesu, Yuki Sugiyama, Shigeaki Kato, Akihiko Yoshimura, Takashi Kobayashi, STAT6 Inhibits TGF-beta1-mediated Foxp3 induction through direct binding to the Foxp3 promoter, which is reverted by retinoic acid receptor., The Journal of biological chemistry, 10.1074/jbc.M801123200, 283, 22, 14955-62, 2008.05, It has been shown that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) is critical in the generation of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)-inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs) from naïve CD4(+)T cells. However, in contrast to natural Tregs, TGF-beta1-induced iTregs rapidly lose both Foxp3 expression and suppression activity. We found that TGF-beta1-induced Foxp3 levels were maintained by the addition of the anti-interleukin 4 (IL-4) antibody or by STAT6 gene deletion. Thus, IL-4 is an important suppressor of Foxp3 induction, and T helper 2 development is a major cause for the disappearance of iTreg during long culture. Using promoter analysis in EL4 cells and primary T cells, we identified a silencer region containing a STAT6 binding site. STAT6 binding to this site reduced TGF-beta1-mediated Foxp3 promoter activation and chromatin modification. Retinoic acid has also been shown to suppress loss of Foxp3 induced by TGF-beta1. Retinoic acid in the presence of TGF-beta1 reduced STAT6 binding to the Foxp3 promoter and enhanced histone acetylation, thereby reverting the effect of IL-4. We propose that antagonistic agents for neutralizing IL-4 could be a novel strategy to facilitate inducible Treg cell generation and the promotion of tolerance in Th2-dominated diseases such as allergy.. |
| 28. |
Daisuke Aki, Yasumasa Minoda, Hideyuki Yoshida, Satoko Watanabe, Ryoko Yoshida, Giichi Takaesu, Takatoshi Chinen, Toshiya Inaba, Masaki Hikida, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Kazuko Saeki, Akihiko Yoshimura, Peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide activate PLCgamma2, leading to enhanced cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells., Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms, 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01159.x, 13, 2, 199-208, 2008.02, In macrophages and monocytes, microbial components trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Although major TLR signaling pathways are mediated by serine/threonine kinases, including TAK1, IKK and MAP kinases, tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins by TLR ligands has been suggested in a number of reports. Here, we demonstrated that peptidoglycan (PGN) of a Gram-positive bacterial cell wall component, a TLR2 ligand and lipopoysaccharide (LPS) of a Gram-positive bacterial component, a TLR4 ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma-2 (PLCgamma2), leading to intracellular free Ca2+ mobilization in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMphi) and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). PGN- and LPS-induced Ca2+ mobilization was not observed in BMDC from PLCgamma2 knockout mice. Thus, PLCgamma2 is essential for TLR2 and TLR4-mediated Ca2+ flux. In PLCgamma2-knockdown cells, PGN-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and p38 activation were reduced. Moreover, PLCgamma2 was necessary for the full production of TNF-alpha and IL-6. These data indicate that the PLCgamma2 pathway plays an important role in bacterial ligands-induced activation of macrophages and dendritic cells.. |
| 29. |
Kenji Ichiyama, Hideyuki Yoshida, Yu Wakabayashi, Takatoshi Chinen, Kazuko Saeki, Mako Nakaya, Giichi Takaesu, Shohei Hori, Akihiko Yoshimura, Takashi Kobayashi, Foxp3 inhibits RORgammat-mediated IL-17A mRNA transcription through direct interaction with RORgammat., The Journal of biological chemistry, 10.1074/jbc.M801286200, 283, 25, 17003-8, 2008.06, The cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), converts naive T cells into regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmunity. However, in the presence of interleukin (IL)-6, TGF-beta1 has also been found to promote differentiation into IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells that are deeply involved in autoimmunity and inflammation. However, it has not been clarified how TGF-beta1 and IL-6 determine such a distinct fate. Here we found that a master regulator for Th17, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gammat (RORgammat), was rapidly induced by TGF-beta1 regardless of the presence of IL-6. IL-6 reduced Foxp3 expression, and overexpression of Foxp3 in a T cell line resulted in a strong reduction of IL-17A expression. We have characterized the IL-17A promoter and found that RORgammat binding is sufficient for activation of the minimum promoter in the HEK 293T cells. RORgammat-mediated IL-17A promoter activation was suppressed by forced expression of Foxp3. Foxp3 directly interacted with RORgammat through exon 2 region of Foxp3. The exon 2 region and forkhead (FKH) domain of Foxp3 were necessary for the suppression of RORgammat-mediated IL-17A promoter activation. We propose that induction of Foxp3 is the mechanism for the suppression of Th17 and polarization into inducible Treg.. |
| 30. |
Takatoshi Chinen, Pavel Y Volchkov, Alexander V Chervonsky, Alexander Y Rudensky, A critical role for regulatory T cell-mediated control of inflammation in the absence of commensal microbiota., The Journal of experimental medicine, 10.1084/jem.20101235, 207, 11, 2323-30, 2010.10, Suppression mediated by regulatory T cells (T reg cells) represents a unique, cell-extrinsic mechanism of in-trans negative regulation that restrains multiple types of immune cells. The loss of T reg cells leads to fatal, highly aggressive, and widespread immune-mediated lesions. This severe autoimmunity may be driven by commensal microbiota, the largest source of non-self ligands activating the innate and adaptive immune systems. Alternatively, T reg cells may primarily restrain T cells with a diverse self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cell receptor repertoire independently of commensal microbiota. In this study, we demonstrate that in germ-free (GF) mice, ablation of the otherwise fully functional T reg cells resulted in a systemic autoimmune lympho- and myeloproliferative syndrome and tissue inflammation comparable with those in T reg cell-ablated conventional mice. Importantly, there were two exceptions: in GF mice deprived of T reg cells, the inflammation in the small intestine was delayed, whereas exocrine pancreatitis was markedly accelerated compared with T reg cell-ablated conventional mice. These findings suggest that the main function of T reg cells is restraint of self-MHC-restricted T cell responsiveness, which, regardless of the presence of commensal microbiota, poses a threat of autoimmunity.. |
| 31. |
Reiko Takahashi, Shuhei Nishimoto, Go Muto, Takashi Sekiya, Taiga Tamiya, Akihiro Kimura, Rimpei Morita, Mayako Asakawa, Takatoshi Chinen, Akihiko Yoshimura, SOCS1 is essential for regulatory T cell functions by preventing loss of Foxp3 expression as well as IFN-{gamma} and IL-17A production., The Journal of experimental medicine, 10.1084/jem.20110428, 208, 10, 2055-67, 2011.09, Regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) maintain immune homeostasis by limiting inflammatory responses. SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1), a negative regulator of cytokine signaling, is necessary for the suppressor functions of T(reg) cells in vivo, yet detailed mechanisms remain to be clarified. We found that Socs1(-/-) T(reg) cells produced high levels of IFN-γ and rapidly lost Foxp3 when transferred into Rag2(-/-) mice or cultured in vitro, even though the CNS2 (conserved noncoding DNA sequence 2) in the Foxp3 enhancer region was fully demethylated. Socs1(-/-) T(reg) cells showed hyperactivation of STAT1 and STAT3. Because Foxp3 expression was stable and STAT1 activation was at normal levels in Ifnγ(-/-)Socs1(-/-) T(reg) cells, the restriction of IFN-γ-STAT1 signaling by SOCS1 is suggested to be necessary for stable Foxp3 expression. However, Ifnγ(-/-)Socs1(-/-) T(reg) cells had hyperactivated STAT3 and higher IL-17A (IL-17) production compared with Ifnγ(-/-)Socs1(+/+) T(reg) cells and could not suppress colitis induced by naive T cells in Rag2(-/-) mice. In vitro experiments suggested that cytokines produced by Socs1(-/-) T(reg) cells and Ifnγ(-/-)Socs1(-/-) T(reg) cells modulated antigen-presenting cells for preferential Th1 and Th17 induction, respectively. We propose that SOCS1 plays important roles in T(reg) cell integrity and function by maintaining Foxp3 expression and by suppressing IFN-γ and IL-17 production driven by STAT1 and STAT3, respectively.. |
| 32. |
Takatoshi Chinen, Kyoko Komai, Go Muto, Rimpei Morita, Naoko Inoue, Hideyuki Yoshida, Takashi Sekiya, Ryoko Yoshida, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Ryoichi Takayanagi, Akihiko Yoshimura, Prostaglandin E2 and SOCS1 have a role in intestinal immune tolerance., Nature communications, 10.1038/ncomms1181, 2, 190-190, 2011.02, Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain tolerance to intestinal microorganisms. However, Il10(-/-)Rag2(-/-) mice, which lack IL-10 and Tregs, remain healthy, suggesting the existence of other mechanisms of tolerance. Here, we identify suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) as an essential mediator of immune tolerance in the intestine. Socs1(-/-)Rag2(-/-) mice develop severe colitis, which can be prevented by the reduction of microbiota and the transfer of IL-10-sufficient Tregs. Additionally, we find an essential role for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the maintenance of tolerance within the intestine in the absence of Tregs. Socs1(-/-) dendritic cells are resistant to PGE2-mediated immunosuppression because of dysregulated cytokine signalling. Thus, we propose that SOCS1 and PGE2, potentially interacting together, act as an alternative intestinal tolerance mechanism distinct from IL-10 and Tregs.. |
| 33. |
Takatoshi Chinen, Alexander Y Rudensky, The effects of commensal microbiota on immune cell subsets and inflammatory responses., Immunological reviews, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01083.x, 245, 1, 45-55, 2012.01, Billions of years of coevolution shaped the mutually beneficial relationships between metazoans and symbiotic commensal microorganisms. Commensal microorganisms profoundly affect the physiology of the host and provide the host with survival advantages in several ways, while they could also trigger pathogenic immune responses and threaten the well-being of the host. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology enabled the analysis of commensal microbiota, and improvements in the techniques of culturing gut-resident microorganisms and of rearing gnotobiotic rodents have made it possible to assess the effect of individual component of microbial communities on host physiology. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the interactions of commensal microbiota with the host immune system.. |
| 34. |
Steven Z Josefowicz, Rachel E Niec, Hye Young Kim, Piper Treuting, Takatoshi Chinen, Ye Zheng, Dale T Umetsu, Alexander Y Rudensky, Extrathymically generated regulatory T cells control mucosal TH2 inflammation., Nature, 10.1038/nature10772, 482, 7385, 395-9, 2012.02, A balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at mucosal interfaces, which are sites of constitutive exposure to microbes and non-microbial foreign substances, allows for efficient protection against pathogens yet prevents adverse inflammatory responses associated with allergy, asthma and intestinal inflammation. Regulatory T (T(reg)) cells prevent systemic and tissue-specific autoimmunity and inflammatory lesions at mucosal interfaces. These cells are generated in the thymus (tT(reg) cells) and in the periphery (induced (i)T(reg) cells), and their dual origin implies a division of labour between tT(reg) and iT(reg) cells in immune homeostasis. Here we show that a highly selective blockage in differentiation of iT(reg) cells in mice did not lead to unprovoked multi-organ autoimmunity, exacerbation of induced tissue-specific autoimmune pathology, or increased pro-inflammatory responses of T helper 1 (T(H)1) and T(H)17 cells. However, mice deficient in iT(reg) cells spontaneously developed pronounced T(H)2-type pathologies at mucosal sites--in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs--with hallmarks of allergic inflammation and asthma. Furthermore, iT(reg)-cell deficiency altered gut microbial communities. These results suggest that whereas T(reg) cells generated in the thymus appear sufficient for control of systemic and tissue-specific autoimmunity, extrathymic differentiation of T(reg) cells affects commensal microbiota composition and serves a distinct, essential function in restraint of allergic-type inflammation at mucosal interfaces.. |
| 35. |
Yongqiang Feng, Aaron Arvey, Takatoshi Chinen, Joris van der Veeken, Georg Gasteiger, Alexander Y Rudensky, Control of the inheritance of regulatory T cell identity by a cis element in the Foxp3 locus., Cell, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.031, 158, 4, 749-763, 2014.08, In multicellular organisms, specialized functions are delegated to distinct cell types whose identity and functional integrity are maintained upon challenge. However, little is known about the mechanisms enabling lineage inheritance and their biological implications. Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which express the transcription factor Foxp3, suppress fatal autoimmunity throughout the lifespan of animals. Here, we show that a dedicated Foxp3 intronic element CNS2 maintains Treg cell lineage identity by acting as a sensor of the essential Treg cell growth factor IL-2 and its downstream target STAT5. CNS2 sustains Foxp3 expression during division of mature Treg cells when IL-2 is limiting and counteracts proinflammatory cytokine signaling that leads to the loss of Foxp3. CNS2-mediated stable inheritance of Foxp3 expression is critical for adequate suppression of diverse types of chronic inflammation by Treg cells and prevents their differentiation into inflammatory effector cells. The described mechanism may represent a general principle of the inheritance of differentiated cell states.. |
| 36. |
Takatoshi Chinen, Arun K Kannan, Andrew G Levine, Xiying Fan, Ulf Klein, Ye Zheng, Georg Gasteiger, Yongqiang Feng, Jason D Fontenot, Alexander Y Rudensky, An essential role for the IL-2 receptor in Treg cell function., Nature immunology, 10.1038/ni.3540, 17, 11, 1322-1333, 2016.11, Regulatory T cells (Treg cells), which have abundant expression of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), are reliant on IL-2 produced by activated T cells. This feature indicates a key role for a simple network based on the consumption of IL-2 by Treg cells in their suppressor function. However, congenital deficiency in IL-2R results in reduced expression of the Treg cell lineage-specification factor Foxp3, which has confounded experimental efforts to understand the role of IL-2R expression and signaling in the suppressor function of Treg cells. Using genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we found that capture of IL-2 was dispensable for the control of CD4+ T cells but was important for limiting the activation of CD8+ T cells, and that IL-2R-dependent activation of the transcription factor STAT5 had an essential role in the suppressor function of Treg cells separable from signaling via the T cell antigen receptor.. |
| 37. |
Clarissa Campbell, Stanislav Dikiy, Shakti K Bhattarai, Takatoshi Chinen, Fanny Matheis, Marco Calafiore, Beatrice Hoyos, Alan Hanash, Daniel Mucida, Vanni Bucci, Alexander Y Rudensky, Extrathymically Generated Regulatory T Cells Establish a Niche for Intestinal Border-Dwelling Bacteria and Affect Physiologic Metabolite Balance., Immunity, 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.013, 48, 6, 1245-1257, 2018.06, The mammalian gut microbiota provides essential metabolites to the host and promotes the differentiation and accumulation of extrathymically generated regulatory T (pTreg) cells. To explore the impact of these cells on intestinal microbial communities, we assessed the composition of the microbiota in pTreg cell-deficient and -sufficient mice. pTreg cell deficiency led to heightened type 2 immune responses triggered by microbial exposure, which disrupted the niche of border-dwelling bacteria early during colonization. Moreover, impaired pTreg cell generation led to pervasive changes in metabolite profiles, altered features of the intestinal epithelium, and reduced body weight in the presence of commensal microbes. Absence of a single species of bacteria depleted in pTreg cell-deficient animals, Mucispirillum schaedleri, partially accounted for the sequelae of pTreg cell deficiency. These observations suggest that pTreg cells modulate the metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota by restraining immune defense mechanisms that may disrupt a particular bacterial niche.. |
| 38. |
Yosuke Minoda, Haruei Ogino, Takatoshi Chinen, Eikichi Ihara, Kazuhiro Haraguchi, Hirotada Akiho, Nobuyoshi Takizawa, Akira Aso, Yosuke Tomita, Mitsuru Esaki, Keishi Komori, Yoshihiro Otsuka, Tsutomu Iwasa, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Objective validity of the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team classification system for the differential diagnosis of colorectal polyps., Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, 10.1111/den.13393, 31, 5, 544-551, 2019.09, BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Japan Narrow-Band Imaging (NBI) Expert Team (JNET) classification is a recently proposed NBI magnifying endoscopy-based classification system for colorectal tumors. Although the usefulness of this system has been reported by JNET experts, its objective validity remains unclear. We tested its validity and usefulness for the diagnosis of colorectal polyps by including colonoscopy experts and non-experts as test participants. METHODS: Forty NBI images of polyps of various JNET types were shown to 22 doctors (11 experts and 11 non-gastrointestinal [GI] trainees) who had not examined the patients. The doctors diagnosed the polyps based solely on the surface and vessel patterns in the magnified images and the JNET classification system. Concordance rates of their diagnoses with the pathological findings of the polyps were determined, and the results for experts and non-GI trainees were compared. RESULTS: Both for colonoscopy experts and non-GI trainees, the JNET classification system was particularly useful for classifying polyps as benign or malignant. Although the accuracy rates for classifying polyps into each JNET type varied among colonoscopy experts, those who were familiar with the JNET classification system were able to diagnose polyps with approximately 90% accuracy. Common mistakes were attributable to misunderstandings of the wording in the JNET classification chart and lack of proper training. CONCLUSION: The JNET classification system is a practical approach for the diagnosis of colorectal polyps. Training is required even for experienced colonoscopists to adopt the system properly. Common pitfalls must be shared among colonoscopists to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis.. |
| 39. |
Keita Fukaura, Yoichiro Iboshi, Haruei Ogino, Eikichi Ihara, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Yuichiro Nishihara, Kei Nishioka, Takatoshi Chinen, Tsutomu Iwasa, Akira Aso, Ayako Goto, Kazuhiro Haraguchi, Hirotada Akiho, Naohiko Harada, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Mucosal Profiles of Immune Molecules Related to T Helper and Regulatory T Cells Predict Future Relapse in Patients With Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis., Inflammatory bowel diseases, 10.1093/ibd/izy395, 25, 6, 1019-1027, 2019.05, BACKGROUND: T helper (Th)- and regulatory T (Treg) cell-related immune molecules are implicated in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the association between their mucosal expression during remission and the subsequent clinical course of UC is unknown. METHODS: The expression of cytokines and transcription factors related to Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg in endoscopic mucosal biopsy specimens from 40 UC patients in clinical remission and 9 controls was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between their expression patterns, as stratified by Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES), and any future relapse was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Six of 40 patients (baseline MES 0/1/2, 22/14/4) experienced a relapse during the study period (median, 37 months). At baseline, even in the MES0 patients, the interleukin (IL)-17A of the patients was significantly upregulated in comparison with controls (P = 0.0351). Future relapse was associated with a higher baseline expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-21 in MES0/1, and the upregulation of IL-17F and IL-21 remained statistically significant when limited to MES0 patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that as a single marker, a higher IL-21 level best grouped patients with an increased risk of relapse (P = 0.0042). Furthermore, a multivariate model that consisted of IL-21 and T-bet showed an even greater value (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The profiles of Th/Treg-related gene expression in the colonic mucosa are altered, even during clinical and endoscopic remission of UC, with a detectable Th17-predominant profile predicting future relapse. This association might represent latent immune dysregulation during disease quiescence and has the potential to be utilized to improve patient care.. |
| 40. |
Xiaopeng Bai, Eikichi Ihara, Yoshihihro Otsuka, Shinichi Tsuruta, Katsuya Hirano, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Haruei Ogino, Mayumi Hirano, Takatoshi Chinen, Hirotada Akiho, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Yoshinao Oda, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Involvement of different receptor subtypes in prostaglandin E2-induced contraction and relaxation in the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal body., European journal of pharmacology, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172405, 857, 172405-172405, 2019.08, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a role in the pathogenesis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). There are 4 subtypes of PGE2, PGE2 receptor 1, 2, 3 and 4 (EP 1-4). In GERD patents, PGE2, EP2 and EP4 are upregulated. However, the effects of PGE2 on esophageal motility remain elusive. We examined how PGE2 regulates motility in the porcine circular smooth muscle of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of the esophagus body in organ bath. PGE2 induced tonic relaxation in the LES and circular smooth muscle, but transient contraction in longitudinal smooth muscle. The relaxation of the LES and circular smooth muscle was similar in pattern and mechanism, but was much larger in the LES. The relaxation was completely blocked by a voltage-gated K+ channel blocker or 40 mM K+ depolarization, indicating the involvement of K+ channel. Longitudinal smooth muscle contraction was completely blocked by an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, showing the contribution of Ca2+ movement. The involvement of the EP receptor in motility was examined with selective receptor agonists and antagonists. Activation of EP2 and EP4 caused relaxation in the LES and circular smooth muscle. Compatible with PGE2, EP2 and EP4 agonists caused more significant relaxation in the LES than in circular smooth muscle. EP1 contributed to the longitudinal smooth muscle contraction. The different effects of PGE2 in the LES, circular and longitudinal smooth muscle contributes to esophageal motility, their impairment might increase the amount and frequency of esophageal reflux.. |
| 41. |
Shohei Hamada, Eikichi Ihara, Hiroko Ikeda, Kazumasa Muta, Haruei Ogino, Takatoshi Chinen, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Clinical Characterization of Vonoprazan-Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease., Digestion, 10.1159/000503340, 102, 2, 1-8, 2019.10, INTRODUCTION: The newly developed vonoprazan (a potassium-competitive acid blocker) has a greater ability to suppress gastric acid production than convention proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The objective of the present study was to determine how vonoprazan influences the pathogenesis of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in clinical practice. METHODS: Between March 2013 and November 2018, a total of 73 refractory GERD patients (34 in the conventional PPI group versus 39 in the vonoprazan group) were enrolled in this retrospective study. We then compared the underlying disease conditions between the 2 groups, examined by high-resolution manometry and multichannel intraluminal impedance/pH (MII-pH) monitoring. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the proportion of underlying disease conditions, including erosive esophagitis, non-erosive reflux disease, reflux hypersensitivity, functional heartburn and oesophageal motility disorder (EMD), between the conventional PPI (6, 14, 23, 40 and 17% respectively) and vonoprazan groups (0, 0, 10, 49, and 41% respectively; p |
| 42. |
Yosuke Minoda, Eikichi Ihara, Haruei Ogino, Keishi Komori, Yoshihiro Otsuka, Hiroko Ikeda, Mitsuru Esaki, Takatoshi Chinen, Takahiro Matsuguchi, Shunsuke Takahashi, Noriko Shiga, Rie Yoshimura, Yoshihiro Ogawa, The Efficacy and Safety of a Promising Single-Channel Endoscopic Closure Technique for Endoscopic Treatment-Related Artificial Ulcers: A Pilot Study., Gastrointestinal tumors, 10.1159/000503994, 7, 1-2, 21-29, 2020.04, Background/Aims: It is important to appropriately manage patients with procedure-related artificial mucosal ulcers or procedure-related complications. Many endoscopic closure techniques have been reported; however, they often require the use of special devices. We developed a single-channel endoscopic closure technique (SCCT) that can be performed with conventional devices. In the present study, we describe the technique and evaluate its efficacy. Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic treatment and whose artificial ulcer was closed using the SCCT were enrolled in this study. The technical success rate, number of clips for closure, procedure time, complication rate on the day of the procedure, clinical success rates on days 1 and 5, and incidence of severe stenosis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at 2 months after the procedure were evaluated. Results: The median ulcer diameter was 20 mm. The tumor locations were the stomach (n = 19), jejunum (n = 1), and colon (n = 5). The technical success rate was 100% (25/25), and the rate of incomplete closure was 0% (0/25). Eight clips were needed on average. The median procedure time was 18 min (range 5-49 min). The complication rate was 0% (25/25). The clinical success rates on days 1 and 5 were 100% (19/19) and 100% (9/9), respectively. No patients presented stenosis as a late complication at 2 months after the procedure (0/25). Conclusion: The SCCT could be applied in the treatment of artificial ulcers in several parts of the GI tract with a high clinical success rate and no complications. The SCCT appears to be a good option for closing artificial mucosal ulcers.. |
| 43. |
Yosuke Minoda, Takatoshi Chinen, Takashi Osoegawa, Soichi Itaba, Kazuhiro Haraguchi, Hirotada Akiho, Akira Aso, Yorinobu Sumida, Keishi Komori, Haruei Ogino, Eikichi Ihara, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Superiority of mucosal incision-assisted biopsy over ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosing small gastric subepithelial lesions: a propensity score matching analysis., BMC gastroenterology, 10.1186/s12876-020-1170-2, 20, 1, 19-19, 2020.01, BACKGROUND: Gastric subepithelial lesions, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors, are often found during routine gastroscopy. While endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) has been the gold standard for diagnosing gastric subepithelial lesions, alternative open biopsy procedures, such as mucosal incision-assisted biopsy (MIAB) has been reported useful. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of MIAB for the diagnosis of gastric SELs compared with EUS-FNAB. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 177 consecutive patients with gastric SELs who underwent either MIAB or EUS-FNAB at five hospitals in Japan between January 2010 and January 2018. Diagnostic yield, procedural time, and adverse event rates for the two procedures were evaluated before and after propensity-score matching. RESULTS: No major procedure-related adverse events were observed in either group. Both procedures yielded highly-accurate diagnoses once large enough samples were obtained; however, such successful sampling was more often accomplished by MIAB than by EUS-FNAB, especially for small SELs. As a result, MIAB provided better diagnostic yields for SELs smaller than 20-mm diameter. The diagnostic yields of both procedures were comparable for SELs larger than 20-mm diameter; however, MIAB required significantly longer procedural time (approximately 13 min) compared with EUS-FNAB. CONCLUSIONS: Although MIAB required longer procedural time, it outperformed EUS-FNAB when diagnosing gastric SELs smaller than 20-mm diameter.. |
| 44. |
Hiroaki Okuno, Haruei Ogino, Eikichi Ihara, Kei Nishioka, Yoichiro Iboshi, Takatoshi Chinen, Toshiaki Ochiai, Hirotada Akiho, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Takuji Gotoda, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Interleukin-1β as a Predictor of Glucocorticoid Response in Ulcerative Colitis., Digestion, 10.1159/000507435, 1-11, 2020.05, BACKGROUND/AIM: Currently, there are no established biomarkers to differentiate between glucocorticoid (GC)-resistant and GC-sensitive ulcerative colitis (UC); however, interleukin (IL)-1β could be one such candidate biomarker. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mucosally expressed IL-1β could predict the response to GC in patients with UC. METHODS: A total of 27 mucosal tissue samples from 10 patients with GC-resistant UC (GC-resistant group), 9 patients with GC-sensitive UC (GC-sensitive group), and 8 control patients (control group) were analyzed by qRT-PCR for the expression of IL-1β, GC receptor α (GRα), GRβ, and other inflammatory mediators. Rachmilewitz endoscopic index (REI) between the GC-resistant and GC-sensitive groups was matched to avoid any potential influence of inflammation. RESULTS: The REI did not significantly differ between the GC-resistant and GC-sensitive groups. Mucosally expressed IL-1β levels in the GC-resistant group were significantly higher than those in the GC-sensitive group. However, there were no significant differences in the expression levels of GRα, GRβ, and other inflammatory mediators between the 2 groups. We could distinguish between the GC-resistant and GC-sensitive groups with a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 77.8% based on mucosally expressed IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS: Mucosally expressed IL-1β can be used as a predictor of GC response in patients with UC.. |
| 45. |
Chinen T, Kannan AK, Levine AG, Fan X, Klein U, Zheng Y, Gasteiger G, Feng Y, Fontenot JD, Rudensky AY., An Essential Role for the IL-2 Receptor in T reg Cell Function, Nature immunology, 17(11):1322-1333., 2016.11. |
| 46. |
Josefowicz S, Niec R, Kim HY, Treuting P, Chinen T, Umetsu DT, Rudensky AY., Extrathymically generated regulatory T cells control mucosal Th2 inflammation., Nature, 482(7385):395-9., 2012.02. |
| 47. |
Chinen T, Komai K, Muto G, Morita R, Inoue N, Yoshida H, Sekiya T, Nakamura K, Yoshimura A. , Prostaglandin E2 and SOCS1 have a role in intestinal immune tolerance., Nature Communications, 2:190. , 2011.02. |
| 48. |
Chinen T, Volchkov PY, Chervonsky AV, Rudensky AY., A critical role for regulatory T cell-mediated control of inflammation in the absence of commensal microbiota., The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 207 (11):2323-30, 2010.10. |
| 49. |
Chinen T, Kobayashi T, Ogata H, Takaesu G, Takaki H, Yagita H, Nawata H, Yoshimura A., SOCS1 regulates inflammatory bowel disease in which both IFNg and IL-4 are involved., Gastroenterology, 130(2):373-88. , 2006.02. |
