タイ湾へのマイクロプラスチック汚染の影響：補完的なツールとしての水サンプルの評価と動物プランクトンによる摂取からの洞察
キーワード：マイクロプラスチック
2022.04～2027.03.

世界のマイクロプラスチック汚染
キーワード：マイクロプラスチック
2021.01～2021.10.

Con taminantes orgánicos prioritarios en la interfaz continente-océano, plataforma y talud del Sur Bonaerense y Norte Rionegrino: exportación, comportamiento y destino
2022.01～2026.12, 代表者：Dr. Andres H. Arias, Argentine Institute of Oceanography, Proyecto Pampa Azul, Ministry of science technology and innovation (Argentina).

Coastal and marine contamination in the Southeast of Buenos Aires Province: pollutants (PAHs and plastic) exportation, impact, and evolution according to catchment use
2018.04～2022.12, 代表者：Dr. Andres H. Arias, Argentine Institute of Oceanography, CONICET National Scientific and Technical Research Council (Argentina).

Transport, balance, and impact of microplastics in the biotic and abiotic components from the Buenos Aires coastal area, Argentina
2021.01～2022.12, 代表者：Dr. Ana Carolina Ronda, Argentine Institute of Oceanography, CONICET National Scientific and Technical Research Council (Argentina)
1- To quantify the presence of plastic microparticles in abiotic components (different depths of the water column and bottom sediments) and biotic components (fish, crustaceans, and bivalves) in different coastal environments of the Southwest region of Buenos Aires: Bahía Blanca Estuary ( EBB) and San Blas Bay (BSB).
2- Classify the contributions of plastics found according to their shape, size, color, and possible origin (fabrics, foams, rubber, plastic elements themselves, etc.) according to their chemical composition (PU, LDPE, HDPE, PPTE, PVC, etc).
3- Characterize the impact of MPs on the coastal ecosystems under analysis, emphasizing the communities of fish, crustaceans, and bivalves. Carry out projections and mass balances of the discharge of plastics.
4- Prepare an executive report including proposals to transfer to local communities integrating various social actors (NGOs and others). Establish a dialogue and participation in the generation of recommendations for the management of this waste..

Microplastics in the trophic web of coastal marine environments of the southwest of Buenos Aires and North Patagonia: bioaccumulation and association with persistent organic compounds and trace metals.
2021.01～2022.12, 代表者：PI: Dr. Jorge E. Marcovecchio , Argentine Institute of Oceanography, CONICET (Argentina)
Assessment of the presence and bioaccumulation of microplastic in aquatic trophic webs from Argentina.

Formation of a Center of Excellence for Marine Plastic Pollution Studies in the Southeast Asian Seas
2020.01～2025.12, 代表者：Atsuhiko Isobe, Center for Ocean Plastic Studies, Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, SATREPS (Japan)
Create a satellite center for the study of plastic ocean pollution, core for international joint research.

microplastic research
2021.01～2021.05, 代表者：Atsuhiko Isobe, Research Institute for Applied Mechanics
microplastic research
The project will focus on three main areas of research:
(1) Surveillance and monitoring of tsunami-generated marine debris landfall;
(2) Modeling movement of marine debris in the North Pacific; and
(3) Risk (including potential impacts) from invasive species to coastal ecosystems..

主要著書

主要原著論文

1.	Veronica Nava, Sudeep Chandra, Julian Aherne, María B. Alfonso, Ana M. Antão-Geraldes, Katrin Attermeyer, Roberto Bao, Mireia Bartrons, Stella A. Berger, Marcin Biernaczyk, Raphael Bissen, Justin D. Brookes, David Brown, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Moisés Canle, Camilla Capelli, Rafael Carballeira, José Luis Cereijo, Sakonvan Chawchai, Søren T. Christensen, Kirsten S. Christoffersen, Elvira de Eyto, Jorge Delgado, Tyler N. Dornan, Jonathan P. Doubek, Julia Dusaucy, Oxana Erina, Zeynep Ersoy, Heidrun Feuchtmayr, Maria Luce Frezzotti, Silvia Galafassi, David Gateuille, Vitor Gonçalves, Hans-Peter Grossart, David P. Hamilton, Ted D. Harris, Külli Kangur, Gökben Başaran Kankılıç, Rebecca Kessler, Christine Kiel, Edward M. Krynak, Àngels Leiva-Presa, Fabio Lepori, Miguel G. Matias, Shin-ichiro S. Matsuzaki, Yvonne McElarney, Beata Messyasz, Mark Mitchell, Musa C. Mlambo, Samuel N. Motitsoe, Sarma Nandini, Valentina Orlandi, Caroline Owens, Deniz Özkundakci, Solvig Pinnow, Agnieszka Pociecha, Pedro Miguel Raposeiro, Eva-Ingrid Rõõm, Federica Rotta, Nico Salmaso, S. S. S. Sarma, Davide Sartirana, Facundo Scordo, Claver Sibomana, Daniel Siewert, Katarzyna Stepanowska, Ülkü Nihan Tavşanoğlu, Maria Tereshina, James Thompson, Monica Tolotti, Amanda Valois, Piet Verburg, Brittany Welsh, Brian Wesolek, Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Naicheng Wu, Edyta Zawisza, Lauren Zink, Barbara Leoni, Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs, Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06168-4, 619, 317-322, 2023.07, Plastic debris is thought to be widespread in freshwater ecosystems globally. We sample surface waters of 38 lakes and reservoirs, distributed across gradients of geographical position and limnological attributes, with the aim to identify factors associated with an increased observation of plastics. We find plastic debris in all studied lakes and reservoirs, suggesting that these ecosystems play a key role in the plastic pollution cycle. Our results indicate that two types of lakes are particularly vulnerable to plastic contamination; lakes and reservoirs in densely populated and urbanized areas; and large lakes and reservoirs with elevated deposition areas, long water retention times, and high levels of anthropogenic influence. Plastic concentrations vary widely among lakes; in the most polluted concentrations reach or even exceed those reported in the subtropical oceanic gyres, marine areas collecting large amounts of debris. Our findings highlight the importance of including lakes and reservoirs when addressing plastic pollution, in the context of pollution management and for the continued provision of lake ecosystem services.
2.	María B. Alfonso, Kayoko Takashima, Sayaka Yamaguchi, Mie Tanaka, Atsuhiko Isobe, Microplastics on plankton samples: Multiple digestion techniques assessment based on weight, size, and FTIR spectroscopy analyses, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113027, 173, 113027-113027, 2021.12, Digestion protocols are needed to determine microplastics abundance and features. This study assessed the organic matter (OM) digestion efficiency on plankton samples and the MPs' weight, size, and polymer changes under different digestion techniques. For this, 2-step (KOH and H2O2 + Fe2+) and 3-step (2-step and enzymes) digestion techniques were assessed under different duration and temperature conditions. The results obtained for OM digestion with 2-step and 3-step techniques were satisfactory. Weight changes were registered for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene foam, polyvinyl chloride, and polycarbonate with 2-step digestion, but with inconsistent values. Significant size changes were registered only for PET applying 2-step digestion techniques at 60 °C. Using 40 °C for 72 h prevailed all polymers from size changes. Polyethylene weathered MPs were also preserved, including an enzymatic step. Polymer fingerprints were not affected by any digestion technique. Based on these results, any method applying high temperatures will damage MPs..
3.	Md Refat Jahan Rakib, Sultan Al Nahian, María B. Alfonso, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Christian Ebere Enyoh, Fauziah Shahul Hamid, Abdullah Alsubaie, Abdulraheem S.A. Almalki, D. A. Bradley, Hamidreza Mohafez, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Microplastics pollution in salt pans from the Maheshkhali Channel, Bangladesh, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-02457-y, 11, 1, 2021.12, Microplastics (MP) were recognized as an emergent pollution problem due to their ubiquitous nature and bioaccumulative potential. Those present in salt for consumption could represent a human exposure route through dietary uptake. The current study, conducted in Bangladesh, reports microplastics contamination in coarse salt prepared for human consumption. Sea salt samples were collected from eight representative salt pans located in the country's largest salt farming area, in the Maheshkhali Channel, along the Bay of Bengal. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with mean concentrations ranging from 78 ± 9.33 to 137 ± 21.70 particles kg−1, mostly white and ranging in size from 500–1000 µm. The prevalent types were: fragments (48%) > films (22%) > fibers (15%) > granules and lines (both 9%). Fourier transform mid-IR and near-IR spectra (FT-MIR-NIR) analysis registered terephthalate (48%), polypropylene (20%), polyethylene (17%), and polystyrene (15%) in all samples. These results contribute to the MP's pollution knowledge in sea salts to understand and reduce this significant human exposure route and environmental pollution source in the future..
4.	María B. Alfonso, Andrés H. Arias, María C. Menéndez, Ana C. Ronda, Agustín Harte, María C. Piccolo, Jorge E. Marcovecchio, Assessing threats, regulations, and strategies to abate plastic pollution in LAC beaches during COVID-19 pandemic, Ocean and Coastal Management, 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105613, 208, 2021.07, Plastic use and production have dramatically increased globally over the past 65 years with the improvement of life quality by the daily use of plastic products. Still, around 50% of the plastic produced is disposable products that generate substantial waste. Several reports pointed out the adverse effects of plastic litter in coastal environments in recent years, emphasizing single-use plastics (SUP). In this manner, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) coastal environments are highly vulnerable due to wastewater treatment facilities scarcity and poor plastic waste management strategies. Since COVID-19 pandemic, the single-use plastic waste/person rate is expected to rise due to the use of personal protective equipment and SUP as health care measures. Based on literature research and the review of plastic waste regulations, this paper will assess the main COVID-19 plastic pollution threats and LAC beaches' regulations to suggest possible measures to abate this problem. The main findings suggest that unifying the ongoing fragmented and overlapped policies is key to abate plastic pollution, including plastic industry regulations and circular economies. In addition, increasing public risk perception about plastic pollution is critical to reducing plastic waste generation. Research advances in the adverse effects of plastic debris could improve the public's perception of plastic pollution risk, pushing forward global marine plastic governance..
5.	Alfonso María Belén, First evidence of microplastics in nine lakes across Patagonia (South America), Science of The Total Environment, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139385, 733, 2020.09, Microplastics (MPs) on lakes have been reported mainly from Europe, Asia, and North America. Then, this study aimed to address the quantification and identification of MPs in nine lakes from the Argentine Patagonian Region. Blue colored fibers were dominant, with a size range between 0.2 and
6.	María Belén Alfonso, Andrés Hugo Arias, María Cintia Piccolo, Microplastics integrating the zooplanktonic fraction in a saline lake of Argentina: influence of water management, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 10.1007/s10661-020-8080-1, 192, 2, 2020.02, This study address for the first time in Argentina and the South American continent the effect of water management on the presence of microplastics (MPs) in a shallow lake, assessing their contribution to the zooplankton fraction. Water samples were collected in the lake and its principal affluent, an irrigation channel, from winter 2018 to summer 2019 with a zooplankton net (47 μm). MPs were present in all analyzed samples, with a dominance of fibers, black color, and ≤ 1000 μm range size. MPs concentration was maximum during summer at the lake (180 MPs m−3) while during spring (140 MPs m−3) at the channel. Rotifers and cyclopoids dominated the zooplanktonic fraction at both sites which range sizes (

主要総説, 論評, 解説, 書評, 報告書等

1.

María B. Alfonso, Andrés H. Arias, Ana C. Ronda, María C. Piccolo, Continental microplastics: Presence, features, and environmental transport pathways, Science of the Total Environment, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149447, Vol.799, 2021.12, Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous contaminants of great concern for the environment. MPs' presence and concentration in the air, soil, marine, and freshwater environments have been reported as a matter of priority in recent years. This review addresses the current knowledge of the main pathways of MPs in air, soil, and freshwater reservoirs in order to provide an integrated understanding of their behaviors in the continental environment. Therefore, MPs' occurrence (as particle counts), sources, and how their features as shape, size, polymer composition, and density could influence their transport and final sink were discussed. Wind resuspension and atmospheric fallout, groundwater migration, runoff from catchments, and water flow from rivers and effluents were pointed as the principal pathways. MPs' size, shape, polymer composition, and density interact with environmental variables as soil structure and composition, precipitation, wind, relative humidity, water temperature, and salinity. Sampling designs for MPs research should further consider soil characteristics, climate variability and extreme events, time lag and grasshopper effects, morphological and hydrological features of aquatic systems, and water currents, among others. Furthermore, long-term monitoring and lab experiments are still needed to understand MPs' behavior in the environment. This information will provide a unified understanding of the continental MPs pathways, including the key main findings, knowledge gaps, and future challenges to understand this emerging contaminant..

2.

Andrés H. Arias, María B. Alfonso, Lautaro Girones, María C. Piccolo, Jorge E. Marcovecchio, Synthetic microfibers and tyre wear particles pollution in aquatic systems: Relevance and mitigation strategies, Environmental Pollution, 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118607, Vol.295, p.118607, 2022.02, Evidence shows that the majority of aquatic field microplastics (MPs) could be microfibers (MFs) which can be originated directly from massive sources such as textile production and shedding from garments, agricultural textiles and clothes washing. In addition, wear and tear of tyres (TRWPs) emerges as a stealthy major source of micro and nanoplastics, commonly under-sampled/detected in the field. In order to compile the current knowledge in regards to these two major MPs sources, concentrations of concern in aquatic environments, their distribution, bulk emission rates and water mitigation strategies were systematically reviewed. Most of the aquatic field studies presented MFs values above 50%. MPs concentrations varied from 0.3 to 8925 particles m−3 in lakes, from 0.69 to 8.7 × 106 particles m−3 in streams and rivers, from 0.16 to 192000 particles m−3 estuaries, and from 0 to 4600 particles m−3 in the ocean. Textiles at every stage of production, use and disposal are the major source of synthetic MFs to water. Laundry estimates showed an averaged release up to 279972 tons year−1 (high washing frequency) from which 123000 tons would annually flow through untreated effluents to rivers, streams, lakes or directly to the ocean. TRWPs in the aquatic environments showed concentrations up to 179 mg L−1 (SPM) in runoff river sediments and up to 480 mg g−1 in highway runoff sediments. Even though average TRWR emission is of 0.95 kg year−1 per capita (10 nm- 500 μm) there is a general scarcity of information about their aquatic environmental levels probably due to no-availability or inadequate methods of detection. The revision of strategies to mitigate the delivering of MFs and TRWP into water streams illustrated the importance of domestic laundry retention devices, Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) with at least a secondary treatment and stormwater and road-runoff collectors quality improvement devices..

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