Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

This study demonstrated that by slightly offsetting the timing of two warm stimuli applied at different locations on the forearm, it is possible to create the sensation of warmth moving across the skin. The study also identified the optimal timing for this effect, revealing new possibilities for advancements in haptic technology.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：ACM  

There has been a monumental push from the CHI community to bring more human senses to interactive devices. This trend is significant because we use all our senses in everyday interactions but only an extremely narrow subset when interacting with computers. This workshop focuses on bringing together researchers to advance some of the most challenging senses to embed into interfaces, but arguably the most exciting: smell, taste, and temperature. To integrate these modalities into interfaces, researchers not only use methods from traditional mechanics or haptics (e.g., pumps, heating pads, etc.) but must also acquire tacit skills and understandings from psychophysics, neuroscience, anatomy, and chemistry (e.g., receptor signaling pathways or food chemistry). This demo-based workshop provides a platform to come together and bring their demonstrations, experiments, and hardware to experience, discuss, and advance the field.

DOI： 10.1145/3544549.3573828

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/23328940.2019.1617624

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234376

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The ability to sense temperature is vital to our life. It signals the environmental condition, reflects the physiological conditions of our own body, and generates feelings of pleasantness or unpleasantness. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated implicit associations between physical temperature and social/emotional concepts, suggesting the processing of temperature may even influence cognition. In this work, we examined the effect of physical warmth and coldness on semantic cognition. Participants performed speeded target categorization for thermal descriptors in the form of semantic words or illustrative figures representing the thermal qualities "warm" or "cold" while physical thermal stimulation was presented. We compared the average reaction time (RT) for the congruent and incongruent conditions managed by response key assignments. In the congruent condition, the response key for the symbol associated with warmth (coldness) was assigned to the hand with warm (cold) thermal stimulation, and in the incongruent condition the key assignment was reversed. Our results demonstrate that the average RT in the congruent condition was faster than in the incongruent one for both forms of thermal descriptors, suggesting that the experience of physical temperature facilitates the internal processing of the meaning of thermal quality.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02113

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234380

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Thermal displays have been applied in various haptic applications, from material simulation to interpersonal communication; however, there is insufficient knowledge about the temporal processing in human thermal sense to provide a knowledge basis for thermal display design. In this study, we investigated the physical-perceptual correspondence for dynamic thermal stimulation to shed a light on the temporal processing of human thermal sense. In the experiments, participants reported subjective timings of the temperature onset and temperature peak of continuous temperature changes applied to the thenar eminence. We found that the physical-perceptual correspondence was not consistent for warm and cold stimulations. For warm stimulation, the subjective experience always came after the corresponding physical event. On the other hand, for cold stimulation, while the subjective onset always lagged the physical onset, the subjective temperature peak preceded the physical temperature peak. We analyzed these results in the framework of linear systems theory. The results suggest that the senses of warmth and cold have distinct temporal filtering properties, with the sense of cold being more transient than the sense of warmth. These findings advance our knowledge regarding temporal processing in human thermal sense and serve as a basis for thermal display design.

DOI： 10.1109/TOH.2016.2583424

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234379

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The association between thermal and emotional experiences in interpersonal relations is intuitively apparent and has been confirmed by previous studies. However, research has not yet elucidated whether such an association is grounded in mental processes occurring at an intrapersonal (internal) level. In two experiments we examined whether the thermal-emotional associations can be observed at an intrapersonal level. We looked at the speed and accuracy of stimuli categorization. Experiment 1 examined the implicit semantic association between temperature (warm versus cold) and emotional valence (positive versus negative). Experiment 2 examined the association between experience of physical temperature and emotional valence. In both experiments warm-positive/cold-negative associations were demonstrated. These results suggest a conceptual and perceptual mapping in the mental representation of emotion and temperature, which occurs at an intrapersonal level, and which might serve as the ground to the interpersonal thermal-emotional interactions.

DOI： 10.1080/17588928.2014.988132

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234373

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

It is commonly believed that reddish colour induces warm feelings while bluish colour induces cold feelings. We, however, demonstrate an opposite effect when the temperature information is acquired by direct touch. Experiment 1 found that a red object, relative to a blue object, raises the lowest temperature required for an object to feel warm, indicating that a blue object is more likely to be judged as warm than a red object of the same physical temperature. Experiment 2 showed that hand colour also affects temperature judgment, with the direction of the effect opposite to object colours. This study provides the first demonstration that colour can modulate temperature judgments when the temperature information is acquired by direct touch. The effects apparently oppose the common conception of red-hot/blue-cold association. We interpret this phenomenon in terms of ''Anti-Bayesian'' integration, which suggests that the brain integrates direct temperature input with prior expectations about temperature relationship between object and hand in a way that emphasizes the contrast between the two.

DOI： 10.1038/srep05527

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234631

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

When three stimulators are simultaneously touched with the middle three fingers of one hand but only the outer two stimulators are cooled or heated, the central (neutral) stimulator is also perceived to be cold or warm. This phenomenon is known as thermal referral and it shares phenomenological similarities with filling-in, in which the discontinuity in the signals of interest can be compensated perceptually on the basis of the spatially adjacent context. Although the mechanisms underlying filling-in have been well substantiated, those underlying thermal referral are still poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the intensity perception of the sensation resulting from thermal referral with human participants. We found that the sensation was uniform among the three fingers, but its apparent intensity was always lower than the physical intensity applied to the outer two fingers. These results indicate that the thermal uniformity perceived under thermal referral is not created by the brain's interpolating the thermal changes applied to the outer two fingers, as one would expect for those induced by typical filling-in. Instead, the thermal changes applied to the outer two fingers are summated and redistributed to all the fingers in contact. Our findings suggest that thermal referral is mediated by two separate processes. One determines the apparent intensity from the physical intensity and the areal extent of the thermal stimulation; the other determines the localization of the resulting sensation from the apparent sites of tactile stimulation.

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2640-10.2011

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234628

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Health & Research Institute  

<p><b>【Background】</b></p><p>People have long engaged in various bathing to achieve physiological and mental benefits. This study aims to create a fast-switching, spatial hot- and cold-water bathing experience using hydroptical thermal feedback, which alters the perceived water temperature by heating the skin with light. This may enhance the effects of muscle fatigue relief and mental recovery by introducing localized and rapid hot-cold stimulation into conventional bathing practices.</p><p><b>【Methods】</b></p><p>A hydroptical thermal display system was designed to rapidly alter the perceived water temperature over the entire forearm or a localized area. A preliminary study was conducted to assess whether rapid water temperature changes could occur across the entire forearm and in specific localized regions.</p><p><b>【Results】</b></p><p>Participants reported perceiving overall and localized temperature changes across the forearm. Additionally, issues such as unnatural posture, changes in actual water temperature, and the noise were reported.</p><p><b>【Conclusion】</b></p><p>The results suggest that this device can induce both overall and localized water temperature changes in the forearm. However, further improvements to the device are necessary, as well as a more controlled study involving more participants to investigate the perceptual characteristics and recovery effects.</p>

DOI： 10.32279/jjhr.202545j05

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE VIRTUAL REALITY SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

DOI： 10.18974/tvrsj.29.1_1

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：情報処理学会  

私たちのコミュニケーションは言語情報に加えて非言語情報が非常に大きな役割を担っている．特に触覚コミュニケーションは，日常的に対面でのコミュニケーションで用いられる一方で，現在用いられている遠隔ビデオ通話においては広くは普及していないと考えられる．そこで本稿では，遠隔ビデオ通話を繋いだ状態で共同作業を行ったときに触覚フィードバックを与えた場合，触覚フィードバックはコミュニケーションを促進し，通話相手との心理的な関係性を変化させるのか，触覚フィードバックによってコミュニケーションにどのような変化が起こるのかを調査した．実験では，遠隔ビデオ通話をした状態で共同作業を行い，実験者がクリックやタイピングをした際に参加者に振動フィードバックが与えられた．これを元に実験後のアンケートや口頭インタビューでの感想を集めた結果を報告する．

CiNii Research

Publisher：UIST 2024 - Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology  

We control the temperature of materials in everyday interactions, recognizing temperature's important influence on our bodies, minds, and experiences. However, thermal feedback is an under-explored modality in human-computer interaction partly due to its limited temporal (slow) and spatial (small-area and non-moving) capabilities. We introduce hydroptical thermal feedback, a spatial thermal feedback method that works by applying visible lights on body parts in water. Through physical measurements and psychophysical experiments, our results show: (1) Humans perceive thermal sensations when visible lights are cast on the skin under water, and perceived warmth is greater for lights with shorter wavelengths, (2) temporal capabilities, (3) apparent motion (spatial) of warmth and coolness sensations, and (4) hydroptical thermal feedback can support the perceptual illusion that the water itself is warmer. We propose applications, including virtual reality (VR), shared water experiences, and therapies. Overall, this paper contributes hydroptical thermal feedback as a novel method, empirical results demonstrating its unique capabilities, proposed applications, and design recommendations for using hydroptical thermal feedback. Our method introduces controlled, spatial thermal perceptions to water experiences.

DOI： 10.1145/3654777.3676453

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Publisher：Proceedings - 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct, ISMAR-Adjunct 2024  

In interpersonal communication, nonverbal cues play a crucial role alongside verbal information. Haptic communication offers an affective dimension crucial for expressing emotions, yet it is notably absent in virtual environments. This absence can lead to drawbacks such as a diminished sense of another person's social presence in virtual settings and a reduced sense of togetherness. To address this gap, our study explores the integration of vibrational feedback during virtual communication specifically within the context of collaborative tasks. In the experiment, participants engaged in a collaborative task with an avatar. Vibrational feedback was transmitted to participants whenever the avatar engaged in actions such as clicking or typing. This feedback aimed to enhance the avatar's presence in virtual communication. Our findings indicate that such vibrational feedback can significantly enhance the sense of togetherness, potentially bridging the gap typically experienced in virtual interactions. These improvements suggest that incorporating haptic feedback into virtual communication platforms may foster a more immersive and emotionally connected experience.

DOI： 10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct64951.2024.00121

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE VIRTUAL REALITY SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

Influence of Touching Heartbeat on Emotional State and Interpersonal Closeness

DOI： 10.18974/tvrsj.28.4_321

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Language：English   Publisher：日本バーチャルリアリティ学会  

Touch plays a crucial role in communication. In this study, our objective is to determine whether individuals can convey emotions via an Air-Transmit Haptic Communication Device that can transmit air pressure. The haptic device allows participants to communicate the opening and closing movements of their hands. Participants viewed videos and then expressed their emotions using the device. Our results suggest that people can successfully share feelings of excitement through the haptic device. We think that this result can contribute to richer online communication.

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：情報処理学会  

私たちのコミュニケーションは視覚情報や身体の接触など非言語コミュニケーションが大きな役割を担っている．本研究では触覚を用いたコミュニケーションに着目し，触覚デバイスを用いた感情の伝達により新たな経験を得られるか，得られた場合にそれがどのような経験か，そして触覚デバイスはどのように感情を伝達するかを調査した．実験では，参加者は 2 つのソフトテニスボールをチューブで繋げることで空気伝達を可能にした触覚デバイスを用いて，1 人が動画を鑑賞したときの感情をリアルタイムで共有し，もう 1 人がそれを受け取った．このとき，動画を見て感じた感情と触覚デバイスから伝わってきた感情や得られた新たな経験についてのアンケート調査を行った．これを元に感情の共有についてデータから得られた見解と参加者の感想を報告する．本研究は，より豊かなオンラインコミュニケーションに貢献できると考える

CiNii Research

Publisher：2023 IEEE World Haptics Conference, WHC 2023 - Proceedings  

Multisensory cutaneous displays have been developed to enhance the realism of objects touched in virtual environments. However, when stimuli are presented concurrently, tactile stimuli can mask thermal perception and so both these modalities may not be available to convey information to the user. In this study, we aim to determine the simultaneity window using the Simultaneity Judgment Task. A device was created that could present both tactile and thermal stimuli to the thenar eminence of the participant 's left hand with various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). The experimental results indicated that the simultaneity window width was 639 ms ranging from -561 ms to 78 ms. The point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) was at -242 ms, indicating that participants perceived simultaneity best when the thermal stimulus preceded the tactile stimulus by 242 ms. These findings have implications for the design of stimulus presentation in multisensory cutaneous displays.

DOI： 10.1109/WHC56415.2023.10224482

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Touch is essential for survival, social bonding, and overall health. However, the COVID-19 pandemic calls for an abrupt withdrawal from physical contact, and the prolonged lockdown has left many people in solitude without touch for months. This unprecedented dissociation from touch has cast a shadow on people's mental and physical well-being. Here we approached the issue by examining COVID-19's impact on people's touch attitudes. We analyzed people's desire and avoidance for animate and inanimate targets based on large-scale Japanese Twitter posts over an 8-year span. We analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak with the difference-in-differences estimation method, which can estimate the impact while accounting for other changes over time such as seasonality or long-term effects. As a result, we found that people's desire for touching the human body and pet animals increased significantly after the COVID-19 outbreak and remained high afterward. In contrast, the avoidance of touching everyday objects (e.g., doorknobs and money) increased immediately after the outbreak but gradually returned to the pre-COVID-19 levels. Our findings manifest the impact of COVID-19 on human touch behavior. Most importantly, they highlight the sign of “skin hunger,” a public health crisis due to social distancing, and call attention to the trend that people are becoming less aware of infection control as COVID-19 persists.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016909

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

We are adept at discriminating object properties such as softness and temperature using touch. Previous studies have investigated the nature of each object property, but the interactions between these properties are not fully understood. Tactile softness perception relies on multiple sensory cues such as the size of the contact area, indentation depth, and force exerted. In addition to these cues, the temperature of the stimulus may contribute to tactile softness perception by changing the sensitivity to changes in stimulus compliance. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two psychophysical experiments in which the subjects estimated the magnitude of perceived softness after touching deformable objects. We varied the compliance and temperature of the stimuli. The linear functions of compliance fit to the magnitude estimates under cold conditions (9-15°C) were steeper than the functions fit to the magnitude estimates under room temperature (21-25°C). These results indicate that temperature can sharpen our tactile softness perception of deformable surfaces by increasing the sensitivity to differences in compliance.

DOI： 10.1109/TOH.2022.3198115

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Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234638

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE VIRTUAL REALITY SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

Referral of Wetness Sensation among Fingers

DOI： 10.18974/tvrsj.27.1_14

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Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7236434

Publisher：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

There are fundamental differences between the tactile and thermal sensory systems that must be accommodated when designing multisensory cutaneous displays for use in virtual or teleoperated robotic environments. In this review we highlight the marked temporal and spatial differences between the senses of cold and warmth as revealed in psychophysical experiments. Cold and warmth are distinct senses with marked differences in the time taken to respond to stimulation and in their temporal filtering processes. Such variations must be taken into account when time-varying profiles of thermal stimulation are delivered to the skin concurrent with tactile stimulation since the resulting sensations will not be perceived on the same time scale. Although it is often reported that the thermal senses are markedly inferior to the sense of touch with respect to their spatial acuity, it is also clear that there is considerable variability across the body in the accuracy with which thermal stimuli can be localized. The distal to proximal gradient in thermal acuity suggests that locations other than the palmar surface of the hand are better suited for displaying thermal cues, in contrast to the situation for tactile inputs. As was noted for temporal processes, there are differences between localizing warmth and cold stimuli, with localization being superior for cold. These properties provide benchmarks that can be used in designing thermal and multisensory displays.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-15019-7_5

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Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/TOH.2019.2894153

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234642

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/23328940.2019.1617624

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234376

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/23328940.2017.1372042

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234636

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

When the hand makes contact with an object, the changes in skin temperature provide information about not only the object's material composition but also its geometry. Consider, for example, the temperature difference felt when touching an aluminum block and a piece of aluminum foil. To study the thermal cues associated with material properties and object thickness, we measured the changes in skin temperature elicited when touching objects with varying material properties and geometries, and compared them to the theoretical predictions obtained from two thermal models, of which one assumes the object having an infinite thickness and the other takes into consideration the actual object thickness. The comparison results indicate that the former model is effective in capturing the rapid temperature changes at the moment of contact and the latter model is better at predicting the total change in skin temperature at the end of contact. These findings provide a knowledge basis for the development of thermal displays for material simulation and automatic object identification systems that identify an object's material composition and thickness based on thermal feedback.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-42321-0_26

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-4-431-55772-2_1

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Impact of hand and object colors on object temperature perception.

DOI： 10.1080/23328940.2015.1078926

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In our daily lives, information concerning temperature is often provided by means of colour cues, with red typically being associated with warm/hot, and blue with cold. While such correspondences have been known about for many years, they have primarily been studied using subjective report measures. Here we examined this correspondence using two more objective response measures. First, we used the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a test designed to assess the strength of automatic associations between different concepts in a given individual. Second, we used a priming task that involved speeded target discrimination in order to assess whether priming colour or thermal information could invoke the crossmodal association. The results of the IAT confirmed that the association exists at the level of response selection, thus indicating that a participant's responses to colour or thermal stimuli are influenced by the colour-temperature correspondence. The results of the priming experiment revealed that priming a colour affected thermal discrimination reaction times (RTs), but thermal cues did not influence colour discrimination responses. These results may therefore provide important clues as to the level of processing at which such colour-temperature correspondences are represented.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0091854

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234630

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Effects of color on perceived temperature

Language：Others  

Thermal referral: A filling-in phenomenon that involves cross-modal processing of thermal and tactile stimuli

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.179

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The thermal sense is diffuse and incapable of providing precise spatial information. From a phenomenon known as thermal referral, we know that touch influences the localization of cold or warmth, leading to our perceiving illusory thermal sensations at a thermally neutral site. This study investigated the frame of reference for localizing thermal sensations under thermal referral in order to shed light on how thermal and tactile modalities coordinate to process localization information. One thermally neutral tactile stimulator and two cold (warm) stimulators were presented to different sets of three fingers of both hands. The location of the neutral tactile stimulator varied, and the strength of the referral was estimated from participants' performance in localizing the neutral tactile stimulator. By manipulating the somatotopic and spatiotopic distances between the stimulated sites, we found that the somatotopic distance-more specifically, the distance between and among the sites being defined in cortical topography-determines the strength of thermal referral. Our findings suggest that localization of thermal sensations under thermo-tactile interactions is processed with respect to the somatotopic frame of reference and that this cross-modal processing resides in early cortical areas whose organization conserves topographic information.

DOI： 10.3758/APP.72.6.1666

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234625

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate how contact pressure and surface roughness influence the heat flux conducted out of the skin or object during contact. Changes in skin temperature assist in identifying objects held in the hand. In the first experiment an infrared thermal imaging system was used to measure skin temperature and contact area as participants generated forces ranging from 0.1 to 6 N with their index finger. The results showed that skin temperature decreased by an average of 5.5 degrees C across the range of forces studied and that the changes were greatest between 0.25-0.35 N and from 4-6 N. The second and third experiments examined the effect of the surface roughness of an object on skin temperature and on the perceived coldness of the object. A set of six copper blocks was machined to create a range of surface profiles. There was a slight decrease in skin temperature as the surface roughness of the object increased, contrary to theoretical predictions. Although small, these changes were perceptible as participants consistently chose the rougher of two stimuli when asked to select the cooler stimulus. These results indicate that contact pressure and surface roughness influence the change in skin temperature during contact and that they can have a perceptible influence on the perceived properties of objects held in the hand. Thermal models need to account for these effects if realistic feedback is to be presented in a thermal display.

DOI： 10.1109/WHC.2009.4810902

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The objective of this research is to. analyze and model the decreases in skin temperature when the hand makes contact with an object at room temperature so that thermal feedback can be incorporated into haptic displays. A thermal model is proposed that predicts the thermal responses of the skin and object surface as well as the heat flux exchanged during hand-object surface as well as the heat flux exchanged predictions of temperature changes to those experimentally measured using an infrared thermal measurement system. The thermal measurement system was designed to overcome the limitations imposed by contact thermal sensors, and was able to measure skin temperature during contact, together with the contact area and contact force. The experimental results indicated that over the pressure range of 0.73-10.98 kPa, changes in skin temperature were well localized to the contact area and were affected by contact pressure. The pressure in turn influenced both thermal contact resistance and blood flow. Over the range of contact forces typically used in manual exploration, blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation do not appear to have a significant effect on the skin's thermal responses. The theoretical predictions and the measured data were consistent in characterizing the time course and amplitude of the skin temperature change during contact with differences typically being less than 1 degrees C between the two for pressures greater than 4 kPa. These findings indicate that the proposed thermal model is able to characterize and predict the skin temperature responses during hand-object interactions and could be used in a thermal display that simulates the properties of different materials.

DOI： 10.1115/1.2899574

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7236445

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Thermal displays have been developed to present thermal cues to the hand to facilitate object recognition in virtual environments or in teleoperated robotic systems. This review focuses on this application domain of thermal displays and considers the models developed to simulate the thermal interaction between an object and the hand as they make contact. An overview of thermal perception and the mechanisms underlying the processing of thermal information is provided to give a framework for analyzing the design of thermal displays. The models developed to simulate thermal feedback are examined together with a description of the implementation of these models in thermal displays. The domains in which thermal displays have been used are described; this includes the simulation of material properties, the recreation of large-scale thermal effects in virtual environments, the encoding of abstract concepts, and the use of thermal feedback in interactive art. The review concludes by considering the advantages and challenges associated with using thermal displays in these diverse areas.

DOI： 10.1109/ToH.2008.2

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234623

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a thermal display that assists in object identification in virtual environments by simulating the thermal cues associated with making contact with materials with different thermal properties. The thermal display was developed based on a semi-infinite body model. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the display. The first experiment compared the ability of subjects' to identify various materials, which were presented physically or simulated with the thermal display. The second experiment examined the capacity of subjects to discriminate between a real and simulated material based on thermal cues. In the third experiment, the changes in skin temperature that occurred when making contact with real and simulated materials were measured to evaluate how these compare to theoretical predictions. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in material identification and discrimination when subjects were presented with real or simulated materials. The changes in skin temperature were comparable for real and simulated materials and were related to the contact coefficient of the material palpated, consistent with the semi-infinite body model. These findings suggest that a thermal display is capable of facilitating object recognition when visual cues are limited.

DOI： 10.1145/1265957.1265962

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7234645

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

A thermal measurement system was designed and fabricated to assist in the validation of a thermal model in characterizing skin temperature during hand-object interactions. An infrared measurement system was used to overcome the limitations imposed by contact thermal sensors. It is able to measure the temperature distribution across the fingerpad during contact, together with contact area and contact force. The performance of this system was evaluated with calibration tests and the results indicated that this system is capable of providing accurate temperature measurements. With this system,. analyses of the changes in skin temperature as a function of contact pressure were conducted These analyses permitted the validation of a thermal model proposed in a previous study and the results indicate that the thermal model is able to predict skin temperature during contact. The model can simulate the properties of different materials in a thermal display.

DOI： 10.1109/WHC.2007.76

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

A thermal model is proposed that predicts the temperature responses of the skin and material surface during hand-object interactions as well as the heat flux exchanged when the fingerpad makes contact with an object. The surface features of the fingerpad were measured in order to estimate the thermal contact resistance which is included in the model. A simulation based on the model was performed to calculate the thermal responses of the fingerpad as it made contact with a range of materials with varying thermal properties. A thermal measurement system based on an infrared camera has been designed and fabricated to overcome the limitations imposed by the contact thermal sensors. This system will be used to evaluate the validity of the model in predicting the changes in skin temperature during contact.

DOI： 10.1109/VR.2006.132

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The objective of these two experiments was to determine the role of thermal cues in material discrimination and localization, using materials that spanned a range of thermal properties. In the first experiment, the subjects were required to select the cooler of two materials presented to the index fingers. In the second, the finger that was in contact with a material that was different from that presented to the other two fingers on the same hand had to be identified. The results indicated that the subjects were able to discriminate between materials, using thermal cues, when the differences in their thermal properties were large. The changes in skin temperature when the fingers were touching the materials were, however, smaller than those predicted by the theoretical model. The ability to localize the thermal changes when three fingers on the same hand were stimulated was poor and depended on both the thermal properties of the target and the distractor materials.

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7236437

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403711

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Applications of the analytic hierarchy process have been widespread in the field of decision-making for decades. In this process, decision-makers perform pairwise comparisons to form a judgment matrix, and its principal eigenvector is used to represent the priorities. Thus it is important to evaluate the degree of inconsistency in a judgment matrix to ensure the principal eigenvector reflects the true priorities among the alternatives. This study proposes the I3 circuit method, which is based on the graph theory, with a critical inconsistent index value of 3.75 to judge and evaluate consistency or the degree of inconsistency for judgment matrices. In addition, it can also spot the matrix entries that create the most inconsistency. With these advantages of the proposed method, decision-makers can easily evaluate the pairwise comparisons of a matrix and revise some entries of the matrix toward consistency if needed.

DOI： 10.1115/detc2002/dtm-34010

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

<title>Abstract</title>
Applications of the interactive voice response system (IVRS) have been increased rapidly. However, deficiencies of phone-based interface systems (PBIS) suggest human factors considerations can improve design structures of the systems. To improve the existing phone-based interface systems, this study proposes an new interface style, which is based on the ‘standard-with-skips’ and the ‘hierarchy’ styles. This improved interface style can assist in saving time for both the novices and the experienced users and allows users to have more control. A new kind of identifier is also developed to facilitate procedures for reaching user goals. To reduce the workload in the working memory, a marking function is presented to give the users memory aids and prevent them from making errors. With consideration of these factors, an ideal modal is constructed and compared with existing systems.

DOI： 10.1115/detc2000/cie-14673

Event date： 2024.6 - 2024.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Lille   Country：France  

Event date： 2024.6 - 2024.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Lille   Country：France  

Event date： 2024.6 - 2024.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Lille   Country：France  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

The Impact of Vibratory Feedback on the Sense of Collaboration in Remote Communication

Event date： 2023.11

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Facilitating Interpersonal Communication with Mediated Social Touch

Event date： 2023.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Delft   Country：Netherlands  

Multisensory cutaneous displays have been developed to enhance the realism of objects touched in virtual environments. However, when stimuli are presented concurrently, tactile stimuli can mask thermal perception and so both these modalities may not be available to convey information to the user. In this study, we aim to determine the simultaneity window using the Simultaneity Judgment Task. A device was created that could present both tactile and thermal stimuli to the thenar eminence of the participant's left hand with various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). The experimental results indicated that the simultaneity window width was 639 ms ranging from -561 ms to 78 ms. The point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) was at -242 ms, indicating that participants perceived simultaneity best when the thermal stimulus preceded the tactile stimulus by 242 ms. These findings have implications for the design of stimulus presentation in multisensory cutaneous displays.

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Language：Others  

Venue：Paris, France   Country：France  

Language：Others  

Venue：Yokohama, Japan   Country：Japan  

Language：Others  

Country：United Kingdom  

Tactile influence on temperature perception

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Other  

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Event date： 2024.12

Venue：富山県立大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2024.12

Venue：富山県立大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：岩手県盛岡市  

Event date： 2024.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2024.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2024.3

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Exploring How Thermal Characteristics Shape Mental Representation of Material Categories

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Assessing Temperature’s Impact on Fabric Texture Perception with an Onomatopoeia Map

Event date： 2023.12

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Exploring the Relationship between Thermal Property and Mental Representation of Material Categories

Event date： 2023.12

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Multisensory Interactions Between Thermal and Tactile Sensations

Event date： 2023.11

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Verification of Thermal Property of Artificial Fingers for Recording Thermal Transients During Hand-Object Interaction

Event date： 2023.11

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Simultaneous Perception of Warming and Tactile Stimuli in Multisensory Cutaneous Displays

Event date： 2023.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2023.11

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Determination of the thermal-tactile simultaneity window for multisensory displays

Event date： 2023.9

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Assessing Emotional Sharing Using Air-Transmit Haptic Communication Device

Event date： 2023.4

Language：English  

Venue：Hamburg   Country：Germany  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Determination of the thermal-tactile simultaneity window for multisensory displays

Event date： 2022.11

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Verification in the transmission of emotion through a haptic device

Event date： 2022.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2022.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2022.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2022.9

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Body Projection Mapping

Event date： 2020.5

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Colour-temperature relationship in natural texture images revealed by domain adaptation

Event date： 2018.5

Language：Others  

Venue：San Fransico, CA, USA   Country：United States  

Physical-Perceptual Correspondence for Dynamic Thermal Stimulation

Event date： 2017.5

Language：Others  

Venue：Tainan, Taiwan   Country：Taiwan, Province of China  

Event date： 2016.5

Language：Others  

Venue：Yokohama, Japan   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.5

Language：Others  

Venue：北九州   Country：Japan  

Thermal modeling for material identification

Event date： 2016.5

Language：Others  

Venue：, London, UK.   Country：United Kingdom  

Event date： 2016.5

Language：Others  

Venue：, London, UK.   Country：United Kingdom  

Event date： 2015.11

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

触覚の多感覚統合: 温度と色の知覚相互作用

Event date： 2015.9

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

物体の温度知覚に色情報が与える影響

Event date： 2014.5

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

色と温度の相互作用：赤い物体よりも青い物体に触れたときのほうが温かく感じやすい

Event date： 2013.11

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

A study on color-temperature interactions

Event date： 2013.9

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

Timing difference between subjective and physical temperature peaks in warm and cold senses

Event date： 2013.8

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Effects of color on perceived temperature

Event date： 2013.6

Language：Others  

Venue：Kyoto, Japan   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2012.9

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

The Effects of Temperature on Impulse Control

Event date： 2012.6

Language：Others  

Venue：Oxford, UK   Country：United Kingdom  

Event date： 2012.1

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

A study on thermal-colour correspondences

Event date： 2011.9

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

温度感覚と触覚の統合メカニズム

Event date： 2010.11

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Somatotopic or Spatiotopic? Frame of reference for localizing thermal sensations under thermo-tactile interactions

Event date： 2010.9

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

Thermal referral: A filling-in phenomenon that involves cross-modal processing of thermal and tactile stimuli

Event date： 2010.5

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Mechanisms underlying referral of thermal sensations to sites of tactile stimulation

Event date： 2009.12

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

Thermal sensations redistribute within the tactile boundary

Event date： 2009.9

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

Feeling of cooling on a non-stimulated skin site: Effect of vascular response on thermal perception

Event date： 2009.7

Language：Others  

Venue：Matsue, Japan   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2009.6 - 2009.7

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Thermal intensity perception under thermo-tactile interaction

Event date： 2009.3

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Influence of contact conditions on thermal responses of the hand

Event date： 2009.3

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Revealing invisible traces of human-object interactions with thermal vision

Event date： 2008.11

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Perceptual thermal uniformity created by thermal referral

Event date： 2008.6

Language：Others  

Country：Germany  

Role of Touch in thermal localization

Event date： 2007.11

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Revealing the effects of finger position on referred thermal sensation

Event date： 2007.10

Language：Others  

Country：Spain  

Whole-Body Vibration Influences Sound Localization in the Median Plane

Event date： 2007.10

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Monitoring skin temperature during hand-object interactions

Event date： 2007.10

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Revealing invisible traces of human-object interactions with thermal vision

Event date： 2007.9

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

Discrimination of Referred Thermal Sensation with Uncrossed and Crossed Fingers

Event date： 2006.10

Language：Others  

Country：United States  

Model-based Thermal Display for Object Discrimination

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

温度感覚における触覚の役割

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Language：Others  

Venue：, London, UK.   Country：United Kingdom  

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Crossmodal influence on object temperature perception

Language：Others  

Venue：Tokyo, Japan.   Country：Japan  

Thermal-tactile Integration in Object Temperature Perception

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Is touching believing? Color influence in object temperature perception

Language：Others  

Venue：Leuven, Belgium.   Country：Belgium  

Visual inference for warm/cold perception of surfaces

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese  

Thermal modeling for material identification

Language：Others  

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7236442

Language：Japanese  

Influence of color information on object temperature perception

Language：Japanese  

Tactile experience and multisensory integration

Language：Others  

Nonverbal Communication through the Five Senses Interface

Language：English  

Discrimination of Referred Thermal Sensation with Uncrossed and Crossed Fingers

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

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Type：Peer review 

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Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

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Type：Peer review 

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Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

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Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：3

Proceedings of International Conference Number of peer-reviewed papers：1

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

Blue Objects Feel Warmer than Red Ones!

Blue Objects Feel Warmer to Touch than Red Ones

Blue objects feel warmer than red ones

Color and Touch Perceptions: Red Feels Cooler Than Blue

Colourful mind games: do blue objects real

Come sono caldi gli oggetti blu!

Neuroscience: Feeling warmth with the blue

Red Objects Strangely Feel Cooler to the Touch than Blue Ones

¿Qué espera tu cerebro que esté más caliente, un objeto rojo o uno azul?

Is red warmer than blue? What colours can tell you

触覚が温度知覚に影響：不思議な感覚の仕組み研究

フォトレポート:「NTT CS研オープンハウス×未来想論2009」-「温度感覚の不思議」