Kyushu University Academic Staff Educational and Research Activities Database
List of Papers
Sho Kojiro Last modified date:2023.11.26

Associate Professor / Department of Architecture and Urban Design / Faculty of Human-Environment Studies


Papers
1. Kojiro Sho, Yi-Ling Chen, Ken Tadashi Oshima, Alternative gentrification: coexistence of traditional and new industries in historic districts through transfer of development rights in Dihua Street, Taiwan, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HERITAGE STUDIES, 10.1080/13527258.2023.2250776, 2023.08, The transfer of development rights (TDR) has been widely used in the preservation of historic districts. The Dihua Street TDR (DS-TDR) in Taipei, Taiwan, successfully preserves the exteriors of historic buildings and traditional landscape in Dihua Street, without significant displacement of previous residents or increases in rents. This study describes this process as 'alternative gentrification', which facilitates the coexistence of traditional and new industries in historic districts, unlike typical gentrification in other cities. Although new shops gradually replace existing shops, the rent level remains relatively affordable compared with other shopping streets in the Taipei city centre. These aspects enable the coexistence of a clustering of new creative-industrial stores and existing stores within the buildings restored and landscaped by the DS-TDR..
2. A study on the transition of river utilization by the occupant in urban rivers: Focus on cases based on the permission rules for occupation of the river site of "Aqua Metropolis Osaka" projects
The river waters embanking towns are now utilized by public and private entities according to the rules and permissions governing rivers sites in major cities of Japan. This study aimed to elucidate the transitions in the characteristics of river utilization. To this end, it focused on the river sites of the Aqua Metropolis Osaka projects. The results of the investigation revealed the expansion of river utilization from the city center to surrounding areas. The occupation and operation mechanisms, as well as discrete activities, are transforming. The Aqua Metropolis Osaka projects emphasize efforts to attract tourists and visitors; however, the study found that river site occupants and their river-based activities drive community revitalization in the center of Osaka City..
3. Study on the Regional Transformation of Local Community Caused by Tourism Development in Flophouse Area of Airin District Nishinari Ward, Osaka City
The Airin district of Nishinari Ward, Osaka City, which is well-known as a town for day laborers,has been transformed into an attractive area for foreign tourists by converting flophouses into guest houses. Although tourism is regarded as important measure to revitalize the community, it might also causes a decrease in living space and an unplanned inflow of external capital, which poses a problem from the perspective of regional sustainability. The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of regional transformation due to tourism, by analyzing from the space aspect including and type shops local stakeholders on tourism and the relationships between each entity..
4. A study on the characteristics of landscape management by area management organization in the core area of large cities: Analysis of the relationship of the rules for landscape formation and clarification of the activity scheme of landscape management
In this study, as the characteristics of landscape management by area management organization (AMO) in the core area of large cities, we analyzed the relationship of rules for landscape formation in each case, and clarified the activity scheme of each landscape management. As a result, for buildings, it was found that it is possible to inherit the characteristic townscape through consultation using AMO's rules, etc., in addition to the regulations of the district plan. For public spaces, it is important to apply AMO's rules. In addition, it was clarified that further utilization can be expected through the division of roles between AMO and landowners and the accumulation of utilization results. As for the area management advertising project, there are many common points in each case, and it was found that AMO can contribute to the formation of the landscape by appropriately establishing and operating rules..
5. Actual Condition of Land Use and Cognition of Community Stakeholders in Tourist site around Grand Palace in Bangkok: Case Study in Banglumphu and Tha Tian, Rattanakosin Island
Various effects such like economy revitalization as well as gentrification are likely to occur with the emergence of miscellaneous business activities and an inflow of external capital to the local community in the global tourism era. It is considered as an important issue to maintain existing industry and local atmosphere for sustainable tourism. The Rattanakosin Island, Bangkok, Thailand has rapidly become a tourist site under the government's history conservation and tourism development plan. This study shows the actual condition of 2 local communities influenced by this situation from the spatial aspects such as land prices, land use and transition of commercial activities, and the human aspects consisting of awareness and relationships of local stakeholders..
6. Analysis of the Implementation Structure of the Yushan Peak Trails in Yushan National Park, Taiwan
This paper analyzes the implementation structures of the Yushan Peak Trails in Yushan National Park, Taiwan to elucidate the lessons for Japanese trail management since Taiwanese National Parks adopts similar designation system and land ownership as Japanese National Parks. This paper takes methodologies of literature reviews, statistical analysis, interviews to Department of National Parks in central government, questionnaires to Yushan National Park Headquarters and participatory observation including the application for permits and actual trekking on October 21-22, 2019.

From the survey, authors identified the following; Firstly, Yushan Peak Trail limit the numbers of overnight permit up to 116 per day distinguishing the application methods between foreigners and Taiwanese. For foreigners, 24 persons per day are permitted by first-come base, application starting from four months to 35 days prior to the trekking date while the other 92 persons per day are selected by lot from Taiwanese and those foreigners who failed the first-come base application. This application starts from two months to 30 days prior to the trekking date when the drawing is made. Application is possible through online, postal mail, and in person by Chinese, English and Japanese languages. 5 staffs are allocated for the permission services spending 3.75 million TWD while the maintenance cost for online application is 1.5 million TWD a year. Any costs for application and ex-ante guidance course are free (covered by government) for applicants which is different from Japanese system characterized by beneficiary pay principle and outsourcing to private sectors.

Secondly, authors identified the related legal frameworks and stakeholders in case of regulation/deregulation of forests and trails in Yushan National Park. Based on the legal analysis and questionnaires, not only central ministries such as Forestry Agency and Police Agency, local governments are largely included in the process of consultation and coordination. This is similar to Japanese national parks which include variety of land ownerships and stakeholders, however, coordination among agencies are identified as more trouble-free and smoother than Japanese cases according to interviews to the Director of National Parks and questionnaires to the Yushan Naitonal Park HQ. For the monitoring of the permit, park authority is proactively collaborating with police department and park volunteers resulting in average of 30.75 cases of illegal park entry every per year. This number far exceeds Japanese cases and indicates the robust monitoring system in Taiwan.

Finally, author discusses the characteristics of Taiwanese National Park as “better coordination and rich administrative resources” eliciting from the analysis of implementation structures of Yushan trail management comparing to Japan’s characteristics of “weak coordination and vulnerable administrative resources” indicated by previous literatures..
7. STUDY ON THE NEW SUPPLY OF PUBLIC RENTAL HOUSING IN TAIPEI CITY, TAIWAN: Focus on the feature of residents and location of “social housing”
This study focuses on the new supply strategy of public rental housing “Social Housing” (SH) in Taipei City. Focusing on the features of residents and rent level of SH, this study evaluates the role of SH as public rental housing comparing with the existing rental Public Housing and private rental housing. Besides, this study analyzes the locational feature of SH by focusing on the accessibility to public transportation including MRT and city bus and comparing with the existing rental Public Housing. Finally, this study summarizes the position of SH in Taipei City based on the above analysis and comparison..
8. Evaluation approach based on the "sharing" of public facility crossing municipalities aim at the consolidation of existing public facilities : Focus on the case analysis of cultural facilities and sports facilities at 3 cities and 4 towns of Chuwa and Seiwa Region, Nara Prefecture.
9. Study on the restoration and landscaping contents caused by the system design and operational support system considering the characteristics of historic buildings: Case study of "Dozo-style" and "Namakokabe-wall" in the Chikugo-yoshii Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings, Ukiha City, Fukuoka Prefecture
The purpose of this study is to clarify the restoration and landscaping contents caused by the system design and operational support system about the characteristics of historic buildings.The system design and operational support system considering the characteristics of historic buildings has been utilized in the Chikugo-yoshii Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings since 1996. First, we analyze the detail of the system design considering the characteristics of historic buildings and the operational support system including the participation of designers in restoration and landscaping, restoration and landscaping manual, and the experience of construction work in many relations. Second, we compare the states before and after the restoration or landscaping by analysis pictures taken from the site survey and public documents..
10. STUDY ON THE APPROACH AGAINST THE OCCURRENCE OF VACANT LANDS MADE BY SETBACK OR DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS CONSIDERING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORIC BUIDINGS-Focus on the Actual Condition in the Seki-Juku Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings, Kameyama City, Mie Prefecture-
The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial improvement approach against the occurrence of vacant lands made by setback or demolition of buildings considering the characteristics of existing historic buildings and its actual condition. Focusing on the characteristics of historical landscape in the Seki-Juku Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings since 1980, we first analyzed the contents about the system design, operation system of this approach by through literature survey and interview survey. Second, we further evaluated the actual condition of this approach through analyzing the distribution of vacant lands and the achievement of spatial improvement..
11. Tetsuo Kidokoro, Ryo Fukuda, Kojiro Sho, GENTRIFICATION IN TOKYO : Formation of the Tokyo West Creative Industry Cluster, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 10.1111/1468-2427.13144, 46, 6, 1055-1077, 2022.11, Inner-city areas function as incubators of creative industries in metropolitan cities. The areas adjacent to Tokyo's city center also play an important role as a location for small to medium-sized creative industries. First, against this background, this article explores the relationship between the characteristics of locations of creative industries and Tokyo's built environment. Aside from the city center itself, where the creative industries' major customers are located, the authors observed a creative industry cluster to the west of the city center. We named this area the Tokyo West Creative Industry Cluster (TWCIC) and found that a 'live-work'-style cluster has developed there, which functions as an incubation place for creative industries. Second, by conducting a case study on urban regeneration in progress in the Shibuya Station area, a core area of the TWCIC, we further examine how gentrification caused by property-led urban regeneration is now threatening the TWCIC. The article concludes that commercialization and purification will eventually widen spatial inequality and lead to the loss of the unique culture of tolerance and freedom that has hitherto nurtured the creative culture in TWCIC. Consequently, fundamental changes are required in property-led creative city policies..
12. Tetsuo Kidokoro, Kojiro Sho, Ryo Fukuda, Urban suburbia: Gentrification and spatial inequality in workers' communities in Tokyo, Cities, 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104247, 136, 104247-104247, 2023.05, Spatial inequality in Asian megacities has recently accelerated against the formation of a hybrid development-state-neoliberalism policy and the existing unique characteristics of the built environment, i.e., the coexis-tence of and conflicts between planned and self-shaped urban areas. This study attempts to examine the process of gentrification and spatial inequality in urban areas in Tokyo, where large-scale urban regeneration projects were promoted through the relaxation of urban planning regulations under neoliberal urban policies. First, we surveyed how the transformation of urban development policies promoted gentrification in Tokyo. Second, we conducted a statistical analysis of the unique characteristics of spatial inequality in Tokyo. Finally, we conducted a detailed case study of the gentrification process in a workers' community where large-scale urban redevel-opment projects had been implemented. We conclude that spatial inequality has widened in Tokyo because of government-led gentrification since the 2000s. Particularly, gentrification rapidly increased in the eastern areas of Tokyo, developed historically as workers' communities, and spatial inequality at the local level widened. Furthermore, local characteristics were rapidly transformed by the loss of urban industries. Instead, with government-led urban regeneration, a new urban nexus so called 'urban suburbia' comprising elements such as high-quality condominiums, shopping malls, and franchise shops emerged..
13. Study on the Location Trend and Consciousness of Residents on Short-Term Rentals under the Pandemic of COVID-19: The Case Analysis of Osaka City
With the increase in foreign visitors to Japan in recent years, the number of Short-Term Rentals (STRs) has grown rapidly in Osaka City. However, STRs is now facing an unprecedented crisis of under the pandemic of COVID-19. This study considered the advantages and challenges of STRs based on a survey of their rapidly changing location trends and a survey of residents' consciousness toward STRs. As a result, the number of STRs is increasing rapidly, especially in densely populated areas ofresidential district including Chuo, Naniwa and Nishinari Wards. On the other hand, several negative opinions have also heard for the hearing survey of residents of Chuo and Nishinari Wards. This study argues that COVID-19 can be an important turning point for the coexistence between STRs and existing residents..
14. Study on the restoration and landscaping contents based on the system construction for accumulation and inheritance of technical knowledges about the characteristics of traditional buildings.: Case Study of “Second floor wall design” and “Eaves” in the Seki-Juku Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings, Kameyama City, Mie Prefecture
This study aims at revealing the restoration and landscaping contents based on the system construction for accumulation and inheritance of technical knowledges about the characteristics of traditional buildings. The system constructed for accumulation and inheritance of technical knowledges considering the characteristics of traditional buildings has been utilized in the Seki-Juku Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings since 1980. As a result, various efforts have an effect on the on-site implementation of restoration and landscaping of traditional buildings, which contribute to the formation of distinctive landscape in Seki-Juku reflecting its characteristics of traditional buildings..
15. A STUDY ON PEDESTRIAN BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL EXPERIMENT SECTION OF MIDOSUJI BOULEVARD IN NAMBA, OSAKA
Road space has been utilized for the purpose of revitalizing the urban central area by attracting the lively activities of pedestrians recently. A social experiment has been conducted for consideration of the transformation of the existing road space under the above purpose in Midosuji Boulevard, the Namba, Osaka. For the purpose of examining the effective way of utilization of road space, this study evaluated the actual situation of how road space is used by focusing on pedestrian traffic behavior and staying behavior based on a video observation survey of the section of Midosuji Boulevard where the social experiment was conducted..
16. Hongwei Hsiao, Spatial distribution of urban gardens on vacant land and rooftops: A case study of 'The Garden City Initiative' in Taipei City, Taiwan, URBAN GEOGRAPHY, 10.1080/02723638.2021.1901036, 43, 8, 1150-1175, 2022.09, The use of vacant land and rooftop spaces for UGs are gradually becoming widespread with the increasing awareness of the effects and benefits of urban gardens (UGs) by citizens. Four types of UGs exist under the policy of "The Garden City Initiative" (GCI) by using vacant land and rooftops. The policies concerning the operation of these UGs under the GCI policy are first clarified. The study's hypothesis is as follows: in this continuously developing city, the surface area of UGs on vacant land and rooftops decreases as the UGs' accessibility to public transportation is better/more convenient. Using the data of all 742 UGs in Taipei, this study clarifies the spatial distribution of UGs in the city's 12 districts determined using a GIS, and the correlations between the UGs' surface areas and their proximity to public transportation (including MRT stations and city bus stops) by each UG type and each district were calculated..
17. Kojiro Sho, Urban centre revival and the changing locations of condominiums, GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 10.1111/1745-5871.12548, 60, 3, 431-445, 2022.08, After major population decline in the 1970s, Japan's urban centres experienced population recoveries as a consequence of urban centre revival (UCR). This research explored the transitions undergone by condominiums because of UCR since the 1990s in Nishi Ward, one of the six central wards in the city of Osaka, Japan. Osaka is representative of Japan's other major urban centres, and its urban regeneration policies were considered a major factor affecting the UCR, which resulted in an increase in the number of urban centre condominiums. The main hypothesis was that the location of condominiums is gradually changing to areas with high accessibility to public transportation that are undergoing UCR. Analysis was made of 460 condominium buildings across the Waterfront, Central, and West areas of Nishi Ward from the 1970s to the 2010s. Gaps in the supply of condominiums and significant differences among the condominiums in the three areas were observed. Ultimately, the influence of local urban regeneration policy on the condominiums in Nishi Ward was found to be limited. Usefully, too, the work has wider significance for scholars wanting to understand intensive urban development..
18. A study on the development process of landscape management in the central area of a local city with historic townscape: Analysis focusing on the collaboration system and roles of the local stakeholders in Honmachi Area, Sakurai City.
19. Hongwei Hsiao, From squatter settlements to cultural heritage: the preservation and revitalization as "group of buildings" based on the case experience of Treasure Hill Art Village in Taipei City, Taiwan, JOURNAL OF ASIAN ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING ENGINEERING, 10.1080/13467581.2020.1838910, 21, 2, 645-662, 2022.03, This paper focuses on the value of squatter settlements (SS) as cultural heritage, which has not been fully addressed. This paper aims at arguing the possibility of utilizing the value of cultural heritage embedded in SS as an art incubator under community participation through a case analysis based on the experience of the Treasure Hill Art Village (THAV) of Treasure Hill Settlement (THS) in Taipei City, Taiwan. This paper clarifies the significance of SS as "a group of buildings" realized by the process of preservation, legalization, and revitalization by way of community participation.THS can be evaluated as a unique case from the perspective of the preservation and legalization processes because it might be considered a mixed type of "legalization of the ownership of buildings and land" and "legalization of residence rights of residents" of SS. Focus on the revitalization of THAV has many spatial characteristics because of the restoration transcending the mere maintenance of its intrinsic value. Further, community participation has evolved to be stronger during the process of preservation and revitalization of THS as THAV. The possibility of how SS may become an irreplaceable space to the city by dynamically revitalizing its value has been clarified by THAV..
20. Evaluation approach based on the "sharing" of public facility crossing municipalities aim at the consolidation of existing public facilities : Focus on the case analysis of cultural facilities and sports facilities at 3 cities and 4 towns of Chuwa and Seiwa Region, Nara Prefecture.
21. The actual situation and evaluation of "interactive" landscape management through the application of local rules on Midosuji in Osaka City
Midosuji is one of the representative streets of Osaka City. In Midosuji, an orderly landscape has been formed by the continuous walls and skyline under regulatory guidance. However, in recent years, it is about to move to a new stage of interactive landscape management by the government and area management organizations through the application of local rules. In this study, we first organized the actual situation of interactive landscape management in Midosuji. Next, we conducted a field survey on the application status of local rules. Next, we conducted a questionnaire survey of local residents regarding their evaluation of the Midosuji landscape. Based on the above, we analyzed the evaluation of landscape management in Midosuji..
22. Study on the restoration and landscaping contents caused by the system design and operational support system considering the characteristics of historic buildings: Case study of "Dozo-style" and "Namakokabe-wall" in the Chikugo-yoshii Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings, Ukiha City, Fukuoka Prefecture
The purpose of this study is to clarify the restoration and landscaping contents caused by the system design and operational support system about the characteristics of historic buildings.The system design and operational support system considering the characteristics of historic buildings has been utilized in the Chikugo-yoshii Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings since 1996. First, we analyze the detail of the system design considering the characteristics of historic buildings and the operational support system including the participation of designers in restoration and landscaping, restoration and landscaping manual, and the experience of construction work in many relations. Second, we compare the states before and after the restoration or landscaping by analysis pictures taken from the site survey and public documents..
23. A study on the characteristics of landscape management by area management organization in the core area of large cities: Analysis of the relationship of the rules for landscape formation and clarification of the activity scheme of landscape management
In this study, as the characteristics of landscape management by area management organization (AMO) in the core area of large cities, we analyzed the relationship of rules for landscape formation in each case, and clarified the activity scheme of each landscape management. As a result, for buildings, it was found that it is possible to inherit the characteristic townscape through consultation using AMO's rules, etc., in addition to the regulations of the district plan. For public spaces, it is important to apply AMO's rules. In addition, it was clarified that further utilization can be expected through the division of roles between AMO and landowners and the accumulation of utilization results. As for the area management advertising project, there are many common points in each case, and it was found that AMO can contribute to the formation of the landscape by appropriately establishing and operating rules..
24. Study on the Regional Transformation of Local Community Caused by Tourism Development in Flophouse Area of Airin District Nishinari Ward, Osaka City
The Airin district of Nishinari Ward, Osaka City, which is well-known as a town for day laborers,has been transformed into an attractive area for foreign tourists by converting flophouses into guest houses. Although tourism is regarded as important measure to revitalize the community, it might also causes a decrease in living space and an unplanned inflow of external capital, which poses a problem from the perspective of regional sustainability. The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of regional transformation due to tourism, by analyzing from the space aspect including and type shops local stakeholders on tourism and the relationships between each entity..
25. A study on the transition of river utilization by the occupant in urban rivers: Focus on cases based on the permission rules for occupation of the river site of "Aqua Metropolis Osaka" projects
The river waters embanking towns are now utilized by public and private entities according to the rules and permissions governing rivers sites in major cities of Japan. This study aimed to elucidate the transitions in the characteristics of river utilization. To this end, it focused on the river sites of the Aqua Metropolis Osaka projects. The results of the investigation revealed the expansion of river utilization from the city center to surrounding areas. The occupation and operation mechanisms, as well as discrete activities, are transforming. The Aqua Metropolis Osaka projects emphasize efforts to attract tourists and visitors; however, the study found that river site occupants and their river-based activities drive community revitalization in the center of Osaka City..
26. STUDY ON THE NEW SUPPLY OF PUBLIC RENTAL HOUSING IN TAIPEI CITY, TAIWAN: Focus on the feature of residents and location of “social housing”
This study focuses on the new supply strategy of public rental housing “Social Housing” (SH) in Taipei City. Focusing on the features of residents and rent level of SH, this study evaluates the role of SH as public rental housing comparing with the existing rental Public Housing and private rental housing. Besides, this study analyzes the locational feature of SH by focusing on the accessibility to public transportation including MRT and city bus and comparing with the existing rental Public Housing. Finally, this study summarizes the position of SH in Taipei City based on the above analysis and comparison..
27. Actual Condition of Land Use and Cognition of Community Stakeholders in Tourist site around Grand Palace in Bangkok: Case Study in Banglumphu and Tha Tian, Rattanakosin Island
Various effects such like economy revitalization as well as gentrification are likely to occur with the emergence of miscellaneous business activities and an inflow of external capital to the local community in the global tourism era. It is considered as an important issue to maintain existing industry and local atmosphere for sustainable tourism. The Rattanakosin Island, Bangkok, Thailand has rapidly become a tourist site under the government's history conservation and tourism development plan. This study shows the actual condition of 2 local communities influenced by this situation from the spatial aspects such as land prices, land use and transition of commercial activities, and the human aspects consisting of awareness and relationships of local stakeholders..
28. Analysis of the Implementation Structure of the Yushan Peak Trails in Yushan National Park, Taiwan
This paper analyzes the implementation structures of the Yushan Peak Trails in Yushan National Park, Taiwan to elucidate the lessons for Japanese trail management since Taiwanese National Parks adopts similar designation system and land ownership as Japanese National Parks. This paper takes methodologies of literature reviews, statistical analysis, interviews to Department of National Parks in central government, questionnaires to Yushan National Park Headquarters and participatory observation including the application for permits and actual trekking on October 21-22, 2019.

From the survey, authors identified the following; Firstly, Yushan Peak Trail limit the numbers of overnight permit up to 116 per day distinguishing the application methods between foreigners and Taiwanese. For foreigners, 24 persons per day are permitted by first-come base, application starting from four months to 35 days prior to the trekking date while the other 92 persons per day are selected by lot from Taiwanese and those foreigners who failed the first-come base application. This application starts from two months to 30 days prior to the trekking date when the drawing is made. Application is possible through online, postal mail, and in person by Chinese, English and Japanese languages. 5 staffs are allocated for the permission services spending 3.75 million TWD while the maintenance cost for online application is 1.5 million TWD a year. Any costs for application and ex-ante guidance course are free (covered by government) for applicants which is different from Japanese system characterized by beneficiary pay principle and outsourcing to private sectors.

Secondly, authors identified the related legal frameworks and stakeholders in case of regulation/deregulation of forests and trails in Yushan National Park. Based on the legal analysis and questionnaires, not only central ministries such as Forestry Agency and Police Agency, local governments are largely included in the process of consultation and coordination. This is similar to Japanese national parks which include variety of land ownerships and stakeholders, however, coordination among agencies are identified as more trouble-free and smoother than Japanese cases according to interviews to the Director of National Parks and questionnaires to the Yushan Naitonal Park HQ. For the monitoring of the permit, park authority is proactively collaborating with police department and park volunteers resulting in average of 30.75 cases of illegal park entry every per year. This number far exceeds Japanese cases and indicates the robust monitoring system in Taiwan.

Finally, author discusses the characteristics of Taiwanese National Park as “better coordination and rich administrative resources” eliciting from the analysis of implementation structures of Yushan trail management comparing to Japan’s characteristics of “weak coordination and vulnerable administrative resources” indicated by previous literatures..
29. Study on the polarization to megacity regions and the urban divide: Focusing on the case of Nishinari Ward, Osaka City, Japan.
30. Hong-Wei Hsiao, Using participatory-planning-based cooperative housing approaches as housing improvement solutions for Xizhou indigenous squatter settlements in New Taipei City, Taiwan, City, Culture and Society, 10.1016/j.ccs.2020.100370, 23, 100370-100370, 2020.12.
31. A study on the characteristics of "Landscape management" by area management organization:Based on a national questionnaire survey and analysis for area management organizations in Japan

In this study, we defined "Landscape Management" (LM) as an approach to manage the landscape of the area by various actors, and clarified the characteristics of LM operated by Area Management Organization (AMO) through a questionnaire survey throughout Japan. The framework of questionnaire for the analysis of LM includes indicators such as "operation of the design guidelines", "landscape formation activities", "management of public spaces", "measures for vacant houses and vacant land", "event efforts", "area management advertisement", "setting the sign". Second, we categorized these AMOs into several organization types according to their basis characteristics including location and activity purpose of area management and then analyzed the activity characteristics of LM of each type of them. As a result, AMO of "large city-mixed area type" and "large city-mature area type" performed more LM activities and evaluated the effect on the landscape by LM more positively than other types.

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32. The characteristics of locally proposed vacant space utilization projects as open space:The case of "Open Green" projects in Taipei City

The increasing number of vacant spaces and the weakening of local communities have become important issues in the era of population decline in both Japan and Taiwan. The development of open spaces (OSs) that transform existing vacant spaces into useful venues might open up significant opportunities for the revitalization of local communities. This study examines the characteristics of projects proposed by local residents to utilize vacant spaces as open space in innovative ways by focusing on the case of "Open Greens" (OGs) in Taipei City, Taiwan. This study first summarizes the situations and policies related to community empowerment, as well as the utilization of vacant space in Taipei City, since the 1990s. Next, the method and flow of OG proposals, as well as the actual status of subsidies for OG cases each year, are clarified. Finally, this study verifies the distribution of OGs and the actual situation of residential organizations, namely the proponents of OG and the features of OSs proposed by all 65 OGs. The diversity of space use as OSs of OGs can be summarized as the most important characteristic.

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33. Study on the Characteristics of National Parks Administration and Evaluation on the Operation Situation of National Parks in Taiwan

This study employs literature reviews, analysis of statistical data and interviews to top officials in Taiwanese government to elucidate the basic characteristics of administrative system of national park (NP) in Taiwan and evaluate the operation situation. Analysis of statistical data especially focused on the type of resource, area size, zoning classification, land ownerships, population, budget, human resources, and number of visitors. Interviews focused on the governance structures and implementation of NP plan. These results are critically analyzed by comparing with the situation of Japanese and American NP systems. From the analysis, this study clarifies that NP areas include approximately 10% of private lands hold by local community and indigenous people. Approximately 80% of the NP areas are classified as "strictly protected areas" while other 20% focuses more on sustainable development of the community. Average number of staffs and annual budget in each NP are 74 people and 8,610,869 USD. Based on the analysis results, this study categorizes the NPs in Taiwan into "natural type" and "artificial type" by their characteristics including the type of resource, area size and population referring the guideline of IUCN.

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34. The planning of resilient housing and community against the earthquake and tsunami:paradigm shift of disaster prevention plan for tsunami caused by the Nankai trough earthquake
Utilization of a vacant house as the second homebase for smoothing environmental transition to post massive tsunami For the areas where the serious tsunami damage caused by the Nankai trough earthquake is assumed, utilization of vacant houses on the hill area as the second homebase is suggested for recovery from the earthquake disaster, reconstruction of their lives and sustainable community. Even if, in the conventional disaster prevention plan, the life that is to be protected, however, in primary refuge and uniform temporary housing their living is forced to "with nothing but the clothes on their back". In contrast, finding a second place keeping an important thing for the family or the place that can continue life after the suffering is significant for lubricating environmental transition..
35. STUDY ON THE OPERATION SITUATION AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS OF COMPREHENSIVE FACILITY MANAGEMENT IN AKASHI CITY, HYOGO PREFECTURE

This study focuses on the operation situation and implementation process of comprehensive facility management (CFM) in Akashi city, Hyogo prefecture. The implementation process of CFM in Akashi city might be divided into 3 process including Pre-examination, Policy decision and Project launch. Attentive prior explanation for stakeholders and cross-sector cooperation might be considered as the most important factor for the success of CFM. This study considers that CFM actually has huge effect on cost reduction and effectivity on repair affairs based on the achievement data analysis as well as questionnaire survey for staffs of first year of CFM in Akashi city.

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36. Study on the characteristic of distribution and condition of condominium development accompanied by Downtown Revitalization in Nishi ward, Osaka city

This study focuses on the characteristic of location and condition of condominium development accompanied by Downtown Revitalization in Nishi ward, Osaka city. Downtown Revitalization is considered as a common phenomenon that population returns from the suburban area to the downtown area which have occurred since 1990s. This study picks up Nishi ward, where population growth and condominium development are particularly remarkable among the 6 downtown wards of Osaka city. This study clarifies (1) condition of condominium development in Nishi ward by the analysis of 489 samples; (2) transition of the condominium development according to time series; (3) characteristics of location of condominium development by analysis focusing on the accessibility to subway station using GIS.

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37. A STUDY ON ACTUAL STATE AND ISSUE OF THE MAINTENANCE OF FAVORABLE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT OF DEVELOPMENTS BASED ON THE PERMISSION EXCLUDED FROM 3411 AND 3412 ORDINANCES IN URBANIZATION CONTROL AREAS:Focus on analysis of development trends in the three major metropolitan areas and case study of the Minami-Kawachi district, Osaka Prefecture

 The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual state and issues of development based on the permission excluded from 3411 and 3412 ordinances in urbanization control areas. By analyzing the national trend as well as case study, this study aims at obtaining applications for development permission system (DPS) as resolutions for shrinking and aging society.

 In order to realize the actual state and issues of DPS, this study conducts as following: 1) actual state analysis: transition of number and area of development permission (DP) as well as development density (DD) in the three major metropolitan areas during 2008-2015 is analyzed base on the DP data. Considering the DD, this study mainly focuses on zone with current potential for development (called as "zone designated for development"), excluding designated areas under the Forest Act, the Agricultural Land, rivers, lakes and marshes, as indicated by DP data for urbanization control areas in the three major metropolitan areas. 2) case study: in order to realize the issues of DP, detailed analysis is conducted based on the field research in districts of high DD according to the viewpoint of traffic, location as and land use situation.

 In contrast to the results of comparisons by number and land area of projects, prefectures with the highest project densities (excluding developments under ordinances 3411 and 3412) proved to be, in order, Aichi, Saitama, Osaka and Kanagawa, while those with the highest area densities were, in order, Osaka, Kanagawa, Kyoto and Aichi.

 According to the case study focus on the Minami-Kawachi district in Osaka Prefecture, it is clear that land use under ordinances 3411 and 3412 are predominantly residential, while DP excluded from 3411 and 3412 has a wide range of uses including shops, factories, medical and welfare facilities, public utilities, educational institutions, leisure and agricultural facilities, and cemeteries and indoor burial facilities. Further, the absence of roads connecting areas along trunk roads to hinterlands is also found.

 The results of this study clearly support the following conclusions.

 1) Considering the gap between DP and DD, in order to estimate the situation of DP, DS that is closer to the realities might be an important indicator

 2) To prevent urban sprawl in the edges of urbanization promotion areas or supply land for factory for the purpose of avoiding expansion in existing urban areas or support the existing communities in rural areas, appropriate application of the ordinances would be desirable.

 3) With regard to roads connecting areas along trunk roads to hinterlands and compatibility among multiple uses for an area of land, the embedding of future road network plans and the land use designation under ordinance 3412 or rural residential district should be considered.

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38. PARK MANAGEMENT EVOLVED FROM PROJECT AGREEMENT BASED ON INSTALLATION-MANAGEMENT PERMISSION: CASE OF TENSHIBA, ENTRANCE AREA OF TENNOJI PARK

This study focuses on the park management evolved from the park renewal project based on the agreement of installation-management permission in Tennoji park. The park management of Tennoji park is composed of hardware tasks and software tasks. First, this study makes clear the process and characteristics of hardware tasks. Second, this study verifies the details and achievement of software tasks including cleaning, security, lawn and planting management as well as events held in Tenshiba under the cooperation with other local actors. Finally, this study evaluates the outcome of park management based on the questionnaire.

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39. STUDY ON THE POLARIZATION TO MEGA-CITY REGIONS AND THE URBAN DIVIDE:Focusing on the case of Nishinari district, Osaka city, Japan

 This study aims at the hypothesis verification on the polarization to mega-city regions and urban divide. In the first part, we examined the polarization to mega-city regions in Japan focusing on the aspect of concentration of wealth based on various economic statistics as well as the record of public investment. In the second part, we pick up Osaka city as the case analysis for the urban divide inside the mega-city region based on the cluster analysis and analyzed the current conditions of urban divide in Osaka city. In the third part, we shed light on the type of living with diversity in Airin area, Nishinari ward, Osaka city. Through the analysis based on the interview survey to the local real estate company, we discuss the mechanism of housing provision for the realization of diversity.

 The acceleration of the concentration of wealth to Tokyo is clearly observed in Japan since 2000s. In particular, the polarization of wealth as well as the highest income class to the central part of Tokyo is ever accelerating these days under the neoliberal urban policies. In the urban scale analysis in Osaka city, gentrification trends in the central city areas are obvious these days. On the other hands, the concentration of poverty is observed in inner areas to the south. As a result, the urban divide in both social and spatial terms are clearly observed in Osaka city. In particular, the Airin area of Nishinari district, Osaka city worked as the area where daily-based construction workers are concentrated and it has become the area where poverty is concentrated since many of workers in this area have been aged and lost jobs.

 According to the interview surveys to real estate agents who work in Nishinari district, conversion of the workers' hostel to the apartments for the jobless people who received public assistance was widely observed. In addition, they are further converted to the gest-houses for international tourists recently. Investment by Chinese people is also a new trend in this area. This phenomenon shows the ambivalent characteristics of inner areas that they often become a socially excluded areas but, at the same time, they function as the place to accept a wide range of immigrants and thus they become a source of diversity as the gateway to the city. It is recommended that the improvement of the inner areas should fully consider this ambivalent characteristic of the inner areas.

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40. Study on the yearly change of activity of users in public space:In case of the street furniture setting social experiment in western sidewalk of north building of Grand Front Osaka

A social experiment for the revitalization of the public space is an important issue today. This study focus on the activity caused by the social experiments area setting the street furniture in western sidewalk of north building of Grand Front Osaka. This study first verifies the yearly change as well as effect caused by events of activity. Second, I analyze the type division of each activity and change of atmosphere of space chasing that user in the public space. As a result, this study makes clear the difference between every season and weekday / holiday and clarify the appearance of repeaters and the around effect of the activity.

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41. Study on the transition of local community caused by the operation situation of TDR in the historical preservation district of Dihua Street, Taipei city

"Transfer of development right (TDR)" has been considered as an important tool for the preservation in historical district especially in developed countries. Actually, TDR institutions has been operated in Taipei city, Taiwan for decades and Dihua Street TDR is considered the most important TDR institutions in Taipei today. This study aims at clarifying the operation situation of TDR and the transition caused by TDR in historical preservation districts by focusing on the case of Dihua Street TDR. Based on this purpose, this study first analyzes the present condition of both sending site and receiving site of Dihua Street TDR. Second, this study reveals the transition of local community caused by TDR especially focusing on land use and evaluates the achievement of Dihua Street TDR based on the data of past 20 years. Finally, this study points out not only the timely issues in Dihua Street but also propose some suggestions for the improvement of Dihua Street TDR in the future based on the above analysis.

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42. Study on operation situation and issues of District Plans for Urbanization Control Areas from the aspect of urban planning:Based on case analysis (Himeji, Toyota, and Tsukuba City) and questionnaire survey for municipalities in the Three Metropolitan Areas

The purpose of this study is to clarify issues about operation situation of District Plans for Urbanization Control Areas (DPUCA) from the aspect of urban planning, especially regarding the system of area division between urbanization areas and urbanization control areas (hereinafter referred to as "area division"). This study is composed of: analysis of trends and prefectural guidelines of DPUCA in the three major metropolitan areas (Tokyo, Chukyo and Kinki metropolitan area); questionnaire survey for municipalities (cities, towns, and villages) about the operation of DPUCA; and case analysis of each types of municipalities operating DPUCA including Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, and Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Implications obtained from analysis and issues discovered above including: 1) appropriate operation of DPUCA based on the local guidelines, 2) integrity with the area division system, and 3) coordination with urban planning as well as land use control on agriculture and forestry.

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43. Actual situation of pedestrian behavior in touristy streets around Dotonbori and Ebisubashisuji area, Osaka city

観光地化が進む都市では、来訪者の増加によって、近隣の人々による利用が低下している地域がある。本研究では、大阪市道頓堀・戎橋筋周辺の街路において追跡調査を行い、街路上の歩行者の行動を把握した。それにより得られた結果を用いてクラスター分析を行うことで、対象地の街路を歩行者の行動の観点から9タイプ、歩行者の属性の観点から6タイプに類型化することができた。これらの街路類型を街路の空間特性と比較することによって、歩行者行動に影響を与える要素を把握することができた。結論として、観光地化が進む都市において、近隣の人々と旅行者が快適に共存し、調和のとれた歩行環境を実現するためには、地区内における歩行者を、地区全体で上手く分担することが求められると考えられる。

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44. Makiko NAKAGAWA, Koich KANA, Hongwei HSIAO, Supagtra SUTHASUPA, A Study of Actual Condition of Shop House and Local Community: Case Study of Tourist Site around Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand, 2019 International Conference of Asia-Pacific Planning Societies (ICAPPS 2019), 22-24th, Aug. 2019, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea, 2019.08.
45. Ataka IWASAKI, Hongwei HSIAO, Koich KANA, The Actual Residential Condition among Aging Suburban Residential Areas Based on Comparison Inside and Outside of District Plan Areas: Case Study in Osaka Metropolitan Area, Japan, 2019 International Conference of Asia-Pacific Planning Societies (ICAPPS 2019), 22-24th, Aug. 2019, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea, 2019.08.
46. STUDY ON CONSENSUS BUILDING PROCESS AND METHOD OF PUBLIC SECTOR-LED REDEVELOPMENT OF MASS HOUSING COMPLEX: CASE OF URBAN REGENERATION PROJECT OF LANZHOU-SIWEN RESETTLEMENT HOUSING IN TAIPEI CITY

This study focuses on the public sector-led redevelopment of large scale housing complex. Urban regeneration project of the Lanzhou-Siwen resettlement housing, which is the first public sector-led regeneration project of resettlement housing in Taipei city is chosen as a case study. This study first clarifies the consensus building process based on community participation in the whole project. Besides, this study demonstrates the concrete method of urban regeneration focusing on the 3rd Siwen resettlement housing for realizing the 3 basic policy proposed by Taipei city government. This case study is considered to be an important experience and reference for similar case in the future.

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47. STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF SANDBANK AREA UTILIZING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION:−Focus on "Eco Shezidao" of shezidao area, Taipei city−

This study focus on the development planning of sandbank area utilizing the approach of public participation and picks up the case of "Eco Shezidao" of Shezidao area, Taipei city. This study aims at clarify the characteristics of ining extra floor area. Actually, developers use several institutions of "Eco Shezidao" especially focus on the aspect of urban plan and business plan. Besides, this study analyzes the process of public participation of the development planning of "Eco Shezidao". Finally, this study evaluate and summarize outcome of the planning process of "Eco Shezidao" from the aspect of public participation.

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48. Study on the process of preservation and revitalization of squatter as cultural heritage:the case study of "Treasure Hill Art Village" of Treasure Hill community, Taipei city
This study focus on the value of squatter as cultural heritage which has not been focused so far. We pick up the "Treasure Hill Art Village" of Treasure Hill community, Taipei city as case study to demonstrate the possibility of squatter as cultural heritage. First, we summarize the history of Treasure Hill community and the clearance plan proposed in the early 1990s. By showing the policy making process around 1990~2000s, we make clear the turning point to transforming from clearance of Treasure Hill community to the preservation and the construction of THAV. Second, we analyze the spatial characteristics of THAV and demonstrate its value as cultural heritage. Finally, we summarize the overall process of the preservation and the construction of THAV. We consider the case of THAV could be an outstanding reference for the future policy making of preservation and revitalization of other squatters as a cultural heritage..
49. The Study on the Incubation Functions of the Inner Areas of Tokyo:From the Viewpoint of 'Innovation Town Hypothesis'
This research aims to test the viability of 'innovative town hypothesis' in the case of the nurturing innovation power in metropolitan cities, taking the case of Tokyo 23 wards areas. 'Innovation town hypothesis' is the hypothesis to explain the process of regional revitalization by making the town centers to be creative and multiple-use incubation areas. In order to test the hypothesis, this research conducted in Tokyo 23 wards areas (1) analysis of spatial structure from the viewpoint of creative city theory, (2) analysis of the urban forms from the viewpoint of variety, and (3) interview survey to key persons from the viewpoint of the formation of creative community. The research concludes that the Tokyo inner area has a favorable spatial structure and urban forms to form creative communities and thus it has functioned as the platform of incubation of creative industry..
50. Study on cooperation between several area management organizations and regional organization focus on the activity and transition:A case on the Umeda regional area including 5 local districts around Osaka station
It is moving forward from the era of repeating scrap-and-build to the era of emphasizing management in the central urban area of Japan. In this study, we focus on the transition and activities of regional organization and area management organizations in Umeda regional area around Osaka Station and clarify the influence of cooperation caused by area management activities. This study considers that it is essential not only to increase participating organizations but also to promote deregulation for area management activities and improve the quality of activities for the cooperation of follow-up organizations in the future..
51. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Study on the characteristic of Urban renewal project in Taipei city, 2018 International Conference of Asia-Pacific Planning Societies (ICAPPS 2018), 23-25th, Aug. 2018, University of Architecture, Ho Chi Minh: Vietnam., 2018.08.
52. FOCUS ON THE MEANING AND ISSUES OF TDR INSTITUTION FOR HISTORICAL DISTRICTS: Study on the Utilization of TDR institution in Taipei city (Part2)
 “Transfer of development right (TDR)” has been considered as an important institution for the urban regeneration since recently. The TDR system is first released in 1990 in Taipei city. Today, there are many TDR institutions in Taipei, Taiwan. The important point is that all of them could be utilized overall the Taipei city, so the integrity between TDR and existing urban plan is important.
 We focus on the TDR institution for conservation of historical district in Dihua Street (DS), Taipei city, Taiwan. Previous studies have revealed the basic system and its historical background of the establishment of this institution. This study focuses on the analysis of the characteristic of sending site as well as receiving site of DS-TDR form the view of urban plan. Besides, we also analyze the meaning of the latest detail plan (revised) which is released Jun. 2016.
 We estimate the achievement of DS-TDR from both the view of sending site and receiving site based on the latest data. We consider that bias of the amount of receiving site exists, most receiving sites are located in Zhongshan district. What' more, although Datong district is also designated as.
53. STUDY ON THE EXECUTION PROCESS AND THE FACT OF URBAN RENEWAL IN TAIPEI CITY: Focus on the characteristics of different range and method based on practical completed cases analysis
 This study focuses on the “urban renewal” in Taipei city, Taiwan. Urban renewal system in Taiwan is similar to the system of Japan. However, it has been utilized for the recovery after the 1999 Jiji earthquake (also called 921 earthquake). After then, the urban renewal system in Taiwan, especially Taipei has developed and evolved hugely. However, most of the previous researches about the system in Taiwan focus on the cases of recovery of Jiji earthquake.
 In this study, we first summarize and make clear the project execution process of urban renewal in Taipei city based on interview and literature review. We classify urban renewal projects into “Urban renewal Area” and “Urban renewal Unit” by their range and “Rights Transformation” and “Joint Construction Agreement” by the project execution method. What’s more, the “Right Transfer” type can be further classified into 2 types by whether submitting the “Right Transfer Plan” or not. In order to realize the characteristic of each type of them, we pick up 70 practical completed projects.
 We discovered that “Urban renewa.
54. FOCUS ON THE KEY FACTORS AND ISSUES OF FLOOR AREA BANK: Study on the utilization of TDR institution in Taipei city (Part1)
 “Transfer of development right (TDR)” has been considered as an important institution for the urban regeneration since recently. The TDR system is first released in 1990 in Taipei city. Today, there are many TDR institutions in Taipei, Taiwan. The important point is that all of them could be utilized overall the Taipei city, so the integrity between TDR and existing urban plan is important.
 In this study, we first summarize several TDR institutions including Monument TDR, Urban plan TDR and Dihua Street TDR in Taipei city. Then we make clear the position and characteristic of TDR within the existing urban plan system. Then, we focus on compare the difference of new type of Urban plan TDR called Floor area bank (FAB) started in Taipei since 2014 with previous TDR. We first clarify the system of Floor area bank in Taipei city and the reason why it was established as the substitute of existing TDR institution. The difference between FAB-TDR and existing urban plan TDR is that, by donating land for public facility to Taipei city government, developers can get floor area same as the value of that land in the past. However, developers should pay the “Floo.
55. Study on Machizukuri realizing the relationship between self-independence of resident and community in Longshan Temple community, Taipei city
This study aims at confirm the hypothesis of the :machizukuri for the self-independence of resident and community and pick up the activities of Homeless Taiwan in Longshan Temple area, Taipei city. We consider that by promoting the machizukuri for the self-independence of resident, the community itself will also get self-independent. As a case study, we discover that project of machizukuri provided by Homeless Taiwan included Sanshui Bldg. self-independence support center, Hidden Taipei city tour and KIGE workshop are quite effective for the self-independence of resident. Besides, these project play an important role of producing income as a community business. As a result, these machizukuri projects actually achieve the self-independence of the Longshan Temple community. The experience of Homeless Taiwan is considered as an important model of machizukuri for self-independence for resident and community..
56. STUDY ON RESIDENT PARTICIPATION IN REPAIR WORK FOR COMMON PART OF CONDOMINIUM: Focus on the legal structure and repair cases of condominium operated by different agent in Dalian city, China
 Since the policy of Chinese housing institution reform in 1991, the extent of housing market in China increases gradually. In recent years, with the rapid development and growth of housing market in Chinese, repair work for the condominium, especially the common part has been an issue for the property management. In addition, since condominiums is provided and managed by various actors, there are several agents nowadays.
 The purposes of this study are: (1) To clarify the legal structure about the repair work of condominium in China. (2) To clarify the characteristics of resident participation in repair work promoted by different agents based on the practical cases. (3) To clarify the difference between the legal structure and the practical cases. Finally, we would like to propose some suggestions for improving the resident participation in repair work for condominium in China.
 Through analyzing the legal structure, since the year of 1983, the related laws about repair work include responsibility of stakeholders, fundraising and construction. The 3 practical cases are managed by 3 different agents including Construction Company (developer), Property Company a.
57. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Tetsuo KIDOKORO, Fumihiko SETA, Study on Inclusive community empowerment aim at the self-reliance of housing poor and community- Focus on the case of public housing and affordable private rental housing communities in Taipei, 2017 International Conference of Asia-Pacific Planning Societies (ICAPPS 2017), 24-26th, Aug. 2017, Nagoya Congress Center: Nagoya, Japan., 2017.08.
58. Study on condition and issue of machizukuri of multicultural symbiosis in cities of Non-Japanese residents
This study focuses on the machizukuri of multicultural symbiosis in cities of Non-Japanese residents. We first clarify and define the framework of "machizukuri of multicultural symbiosis". Toyohashi city, Aichi prefecture which has about 7,500 South American non-Japanese citizens is chosen as the case study, we survey and overview each multicultural symbiosis program that carried out and provided by the public sector and citizen sector (8 major organizations).We consider that "an inter-cultural viewpoint for policy making", "realization of social inclusion", "enhancement of social participation for non-Japanese citizen", "cultivation and utilization of multi-cultural manpower" and "inter-cultural policy making based on spatial analysis" are essential for the future planning for machizukuri of multicultural symbiosis in cities of Non-Japanese residents are proposed as the conclusion..
59. STUDY ON INSTITUTION OF WETLAND CONSERVATION ACT
 Wetland conservation has been promoted in Taiwan since 2000s, our analysis about the wetland conservation policy in Taiwan focus on the following 3 parts.
 1. The system of designation of “National important wetland” change into “important wetland”. They are divided into “international level”, “national level” and “local level”. The first designation of 75 national important weland, although didn’t has legality, it triggered the “national wetland revitalization plan” and attract civil organization or research institute or municipality to get involved in the wetland conservation. In the new system of designation of important wetland, Local meeting and public inspection is obliged in the new system for designation of important wetland. What's more, the new system allows the designation of “temporary important wetland”, which shows strong flexibility.
 2. Taiwan passed the Wetland Conservation Act and started the implementation since the beginning of 2015. After reviewing the process of the legislation of Wetland Conservation Act and the framework of this legal system for we.
60. RESEARCH ON WELFARE-ORIENTED MACHIZUKURI APPROACH IN HOUSING COMPLEX: Case study of Nanchichang resettlement housing complex of Taipei city, Taiwan
 This study focuses on the welfare-oriented machizukuri (community empowerment) experience in housing complex community in Taiwan. We pick up Nanchichang community, a resettlement housing community in Taipei city as case study. First we indicate some critical issues and reveal the reason why it became a socially disadvantaged community today. Then, using research methods like site survey and interview survey, we research about the condition of welfare-oriented machizukuri and analyze how it has been conducted by the local community.
 In the case of Nanchichang community, they established two community welfare facilities by revitalizing old abolished facility. The design and construction were realized by community-participated approach. Today, Community bank and Community food bank provide several welfare supports for disadvantaged households in the community. Our focus is about to analyze “resource”, “human resource”, “institution” and “organization” has been utilized during each process of establishing these two facility.
 According to our research, we consider that the process of establishing these two facilitie.
61. Present condition of housing support policy for aborigine in Taiwan:A study based on the field research of squatter settlement and resettled resident in aborigine public housing
There is about 539,000 aborigines, 2% of the whole population in Taiwan who have unique traditional culture and living area. However they are considered socially and economically disadvantaged due to the discrimination. Many of them moved into urban area to find a job and have no choice but live in poor housing condition. CIP, the national government proposed "aborigine housing improvement program" and promoted strategy based on "Housing act" to provide housing support for aborigine. This study focused on the policy and its outcome, we also operated a case study to realize the real living condition in aboriginal public housing..
62. Study on issue and state of independent machizukuri in ex-Dowa area of post-Dowa community solution program period
After the termination of a continuous effort of Dowa community solution program in ex-Dowa area in 2002, each local community has tried to become independent and promoted "independent machizukuri". In this study, we focus on how each community tries to provide various service functions independently before and after 2002. What' more, in the case of Osaka city, all of these local facilities were finally abolished recent year. In order to realize the situation today, we pick up three communities in Osaka city for case study and comparison, and we especially focus on social welfare service that covers children, elderly, and handicapped according to the Social Welfare Act..
63. STUDY ON THE PRESENT CONDITION OF “HOMELESS SUPPORTIVE HOUSING” IN TAIPEI CITY: Focusing on the supply network of supportive housing and the role of each actor
 Homeless is a common issue in city area. In the case of Taipei city, Taiwan, Wanhua district is known as the area where most homeless gather and live.
 In this study, we define those private housings that are provided for ex-homeless as a next stage of temporary residence like shelter as ‘Homeless supportive housing’ (called HSH below). We first review the homeless policy in Taipei city and mainly focus on the supply network of these supportive housing. We also clarify the role of each actors who involved in the network including ex-homeless, social worker and house owner.
 We use research methods including literature review, interview and site survey and life history survey to conduct the case study in Taipei. We first realize that the HSH system has already established in the East Asian cases like Tokyo, Osaka in Japan and Seoul, South Korea literature review. We then review and summarize the homeless support policy in Taipei city based on the interview with social workers of Taipei city government. In order to make clear the present condition of homeless supportive housing in Taipei, we interview the house social worker and house owner. On the o.
64. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Tetsuo KIDOKORO, Fumihiko SETA, Research on welfare-based community empowerment in socially disadvantaged community: Case comparison between Osaka city and Taipei city, 2016 International Conference of Asia-Pacific Planning Societies (2016 ICAPPS), 25-27th, Aug. 2016, Chinese Culture University: Taipei, Taiwan., 2016.08.
65. Ryo Sanuki, Shih-Hung Yang, Hong-Wei Hsiao, Ching-Fang Yu, Sangjun Yi, Yuchia Liao, Study on Locational Tendency of Public Facilities in Taipei and Detailed Analysis of Old House Project, 物業管理學會論文集, 10, 53-62, 2016.06.
66. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Mei-Yin KUAN, Study on the Promotion of Underground Electrical Distribution Systems: Comparison between Taipei and Tokyo, International Conference 2015 on Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (2015SPSD), 7-9th, Aug. 2015, Taipei University of Technology: Taipei, Taiwan., 75-95, 2015.08.
67. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Chien-Yuan LIN, Jen-Te PAI, Present Development of Planning Education in Taiwan-Case Analysis of the Urban Redevelopment Industry in Taipei, The International Symposium on City Planning 2014 (ISCP2014), 6-8th Nov, Hanoi: Vietnam., 2014.11.
68. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Chien-Yuan LIN, Jen-Te PAI, Post-Disaster Housing and Settlement Strategy for Mega-Scale Compound Disaster: Comparative Study of Typhoon Morakot, Taiwan and The Great East Japan Earthquake, The 12th Asian Planning Schools Association Conference (APSA2013), 1-3th Nov. 2013, National Taiwan University: Taipei, Taiwan., 2013.11.
69. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Chien-Yuan LIN, Jen-Te PAI, Analysis on the Impact for Housing Market Caused by the Promotion of Five Special Municipalities in Taiwan, The International Symposium on City Planning 2013 (ISCP2013), 22-24th Aug 2013, Tohoku University: Japan., 2013.08.
70. Hong-Wei HSIAO, A Socio-economic Analysis of Mid-term Wetlands Conservation Project - The Case of Pingtung County, Taiwan, Society of Wetland Scientist 2013 Annual Meeting (SWS2013), 2-6th June 2013, The Duluth Entertainment Convention Center, Minnesota: United State., 2013.06.
71. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Chien-Yuan LIN, A Study on the Urban Regeneration-Oriented Special District Institutions: Comparison of TID, BID and Structural Special District, The International Symposium on City Planning 2012 (ISCP2012), 23-25th Aug. 2012, National Chengchi University: Taipei, Taiwan., 2012.08.
72. Hong-Wei HSIAO, Who Leads the Recovery? −A Study on the Inter-Organizational Relations among Post-921 Earthquake Community Empowerment, The 11th Asian Planning Schools Association Conference (APSA2011), 19-21th Sep. 2011, University of Tokyo: Japan., 2011.09.