Kyushu University [Kazuo UEDA (Associate Professor) Faculty of Design, Department of Acoustic Design]

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Kazuo UEDA
Associate Professor
Perceptual Psychology
Department of Acoustic Design
Faculty of Design
Last modified date：2024.04.12

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Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices
Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices
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1.	Sensory and Perceptual Psychology.
2.	Psychology of Perception and Senses.
3.	Acoustic Keyword Book.
4.	Auditory Grammar.
5.	A Study Manual for University Students: Welcome to Owl University.
6.	Dictionary of Acoustics.
7.	Methods of Psychological Investigation.
8.	Musical Perceptions.
9.	Sound interpretation, in Natural Computation.
10.	An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing.

1.	Alexandra J. Wolf, Kazuo Ueda, and Yoji Hirano, Recent Updates of Eye-movement Abnormalities in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Scoping Review, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 10.1111/pcn.13188, 2020.12, Aim: Although eye-tracking technology expands beyond capturing eye data just for the sole purpose of ensuring participants maintain their gaze at the presented fixation cross, gaze technology remains of less importance in clinical research. Recently, impairments in visual information encoding processes indexed by novel gaze metrics have been frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. This work undertakes a scoping review of research on saccadic dysfunctions and exploratory eye movement deficits among patients with schizophrenia. It gathers promising pieces of evidence of eye movement abnormalities in attention-demanding tasks on the schizophrenia spectrum that have mounted in recent years and their outcomes as potential biological markers. Methods: The protocol was drafted based on PRISMA for scoping review guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles published between 2010 and 2020 that examined visual processing in patients with schizophrenia and reported eye movement characteristics as potential biomarkers for this mental illness. Results: The use of modern eye-tracking instrumentation has been reported by numerous neuroscientific studies to successfully and non-invasively improve the detection of visual information processing impairments among the screened population at risk of and identified with schizophrenia. Conclusions: Eye-tracking technology has the potential to contribute to the process of early intervention and more apparent separation of the diagnostic entities, being put together by the syndrome-based approach to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, context-processing paradigms should be conducted and reported in equally accessible publications to build comprehensive models..
2.	Nakajima, Y., Ueda, K., Remijn, G. B., Yamashita, Y., and Kishida, T., How sonority appears in speech analyses, Acoustical Science and Technology, 39(3), 179-181, 10.1250/ast.39.179, （和訳）中島祥好，上田和夫， G. B. レメイン，@山下友子，#岸田拓也　"音声分析に現れる鳴音性" 日本音響学会誌 74 巻 2 号 93-96, 2018.05.
3.	Bias in Evaluating Graduation Theses and Oral Presentations.
4.	How Can We Mark Graduation Theses and Aural Presentations Properly?.
5.	A case of faculty development at Owl University.
6.	Auditory Organization and Auditory Scene Analysis.

1.	Kazuo Ueda, Masashi Hashimoto, Hiroshige Takeichi, and Kohei Wakamiya, Interrupted mosaic speech revisited: Gain and loss in intelligibility by stretching, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 10.1121/10.0025132, 155, 3, 1767-1779, 2024.03, [URL], Our previous investigation on the effect of stretching spectrotemporally degraded and temporally interrupted speech stimuli showed remarkable intelligibility gains [Ueda, Takeichi, and Wakamiya (2022). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 152(2), 970–980]. In this previous study, however, gap durations and temporal resolution were confounded. In the current investigation, we therefore observed the intelligibility of so-called mosaic speech while dissociating the effects of interruption and temporal resolution. The intelligibility of mosaic speech (20 frequency bands and 20 ms segment duration) declined from 95% to 78% and 33% by interrupting it with 20 and 80 ms gaps. Intelligibility improved, however, to 92% and 54% (14% and 21% gains for 20 and 80 ms gaps, respectively) by stretching mosaic segments to fill silent gaps (n = 21). By contrast, the intelligibility was impoverished to a minimum of 9% (7% loss) when stretching stimuli interrupted with 160 ms gaps. Explanations based on auditory grouping, modulation unmasking, or phonemic restoration may account for the intelligibility improvement by stretching, but not for the loss. The probability summation model accounted for “U”-shaped intelligibility curves and the gain and loss of intelligibility, suggesting that perceptual unit length and speech rate may affect the intelligibility of spectrotemporally degraded speech stimuli..
2.	Kazuo Ueda, Linh Le Dieu Doan, and Hiroshige Takeichi, Checkerboard and interrupted speech: Intelligibility contrasts related to factor-analysis-based frequency bands, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 10.1121/10.0021165, 154, 4, 2010-2020, 2023.10, [URL], It has been shown that the intelligibility of checkerboard speech stimuli, in which speech signals were periodically interrupted in time and frequency, drastically varied according to the combination of the number of frequency bands (2–20) and segment duration (20–320 ms). However, the effects of the number of frequency bands between 4 and 20 and the frequency division parameters on intelligibility have been largely unknown. Here, we show that speech intelligibility was lowest in four-band checkerboard speech stimuli, except for the 320-ms segment duration. Then, temporally interrupted speech stimuli and eight-band checkerboard speech stimuli came in this order (N = 19 and 20). At the same time, U-shaped intelligibility curves were observed for four-band and possibly eight-band checkerboard speech stimuli. Furthermore, different parameters of frequency division resulted in small but significant intelligibility differences at the 160- and 320-ms segment duration in four-band checkerboard speech stimuli. These results suggest that factor-analysis-based four frequency bands, representing groups of critical bands correlating with each other in speech power fluctuations, work as speech cue channels essential for speech perception. Moreover, a probability summation model for perceptual units, consisting of a sub-unit process and a supra-unit process that receives outputs of the speech cue channels, may account for the U-shaped intelligibility curves..
3.	Kazuo Ueda, Hiroshige Takeichi, and Kohei Wakamiya, Auditory grouping is necessary to understand interrupted mosaic speech stimuli, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 10.1121/10.0013425, 152, 2, 970-980, 2022.08, [URL], The intelligibility of interrupted speech stimuli has been known to be almost perfect when segment duration is shorter than 80 ms, which means that the interrupted segments are perceptually organized into a coherent stream under this condition. However, why listeners can successfully group the interrupted segments into a coherent stream has been largely unknown. Here we show that the intelligibility for mosaic speech, in which original speech was segmented in frequency and time, and noise-vocoded with the average power in each unit, was largely reduced by periodical interruption. At the same time, the intelligibility could be recovered by promoting auditory grouping of the interrupted segments with stretching the segments up to 40 ms and reducing the gaps, provided that the number of frequency bands was enough (>= 4) and the original segment duration was equal to or less than 40 ms. The interruption was devastating for mosaic speech stimuli, very likely because the deprivation of periodicity and temporal fine structure with mosaicking prevented successful auditory grouping for the interrupted segments..
4.	Hikaru Eguchi, Kazuo Ueda, Gerard B. Remijn, Yoshitaka Nakajima, and Hiroshige Takeichi, The common limitations in auditory temporal processing for Mandarin Chinese and Japanese, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-022-06925-x, 12, 1, 3002-3002, Article number: 3002, 2022.02, [URL], The present investigation focused on how temporal degradation affected intelligibility in two types of languages, i.e., a tonal language (Mandarin Chinese) and a non-tonal language (Japanese). The temporal resolution of common daily-life sentences spoken by native speakers was systematically degraded with mosaicking (mosaicising), in which the power of original speech in each of regularly spaced time-frequency unit was averaged and temporal fine structure was removed. The results showed very similar patterns of variations in intelligibility for these two languages over a wide range of temporal resolution, implying that temporal degradation crucially affected speech cues other than tonal cues in degraded speech without temporal fine structure. Specifically, the intelligibility of both languages maintained a ceiling up to about the 40-ms segment duration, then the performance gradually declined with increasing segment duration, and reached a floor at about the 150-ms segment duration or longer. The same limitations for the ceiling performance up to 40 ms appeared for the other method of degradation, i.e., local time-reversal, implying that a common temporal processing mechanism was related to the limitations. The general tendency fitted to a dual time-window model of speech processing, in which a short (~ 20–30 ms) and a long (~ 200 ms) time-window run in parallel..
5.	Ueda, K., Kawakami, R., and Takeichi, H., Checkerboard speech vs interrupted speech: Effects of spectrotemporal segmentation on intelligibility, JASA Express Letters, 10.1121/10.0005600, 1, 7, 1-7, 075204, 2021.07, [URL], The intelligibility of interrupted speech (interrupted over time) and checkerboard speech (interrupted over time-by-frequency), both of which retained a half of the original speech, was examined. The intelligibility of interrupted speech stimuli decreased as segment duration increased. 20-band checkerboard speech stimuli brought nearly 100% intelligibility irrespective of segment duration, whereas, with 2 and 4 frequency bands, a trough of 35%-40% appeared at the 160-ms segment duration. Mosaic speech stimuli (power was averaged over a time-frequency unit) yielded generally poor intelligibility (
6.	Kazuo Ueda and Ikuo Matsuo, Intelligibility of chimeric locally time-reversed speech: Relative contribution of four frequency bands, JASA Express Letters, 10.1121/10.0005439, 1, 6, 1-6, 065201, 2021.06, [URL], Intelligibility of 4-band speech stimuli was investigated (n = 18), such that only one of the frequency bands was preserved, whereas other bands were locally time-reversed (segment duration: 75-300 ms), or vice versa. Intelligibility was best retained (82% at 75 ms) when the second lowest band (540-1700 Hz) was preserved. When the same band was degraded, the largest drop (10% at 300 ms) occurred. The lowest and second highest bands contributed similarly less strongly to intelligibility. The highest frequency band contributed least. A close connection between the second lowest frequency band and sonority was suggested.
7.	Kazuo UEDA and Valter CIOCCA, Phonemic restoration of interrupted locally time-reversed speech: Effects of segment duration and noise levels, Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 10.3758/s13414-021-02292-3, 83, 5, 1928-1934, Published online on 14 April 2021. Published in the completed journal issue on 19 June 2021., 2021.06, [URL], Intelligibility of temporally degraded speech was investigated with locally time-reversed speech (LTR) and its interrupted version (ILTR). Control stimuli comprising interrupted speech (I) were also included. Speech stimuli consisted of 200 Japanese meaningful sentences. In interrupted stimuli, speech segments were alternated with either silent gaps or pink noise bursts. The noise bursts had a level of -10, 0 or +10 dB relative to the speech level. Segment duration varied from 20 to 160 ms for ILTR sentences, but was fixed at 160 ms for I sentences. At segment durations between 40 and 80 ms, severe reductions in intelligibility were observed for ILTR sentences, compared with LTR sentences. A substantial improvement in intelligibility (30-33%) was observed when 40-ms silent gaps in ILTR were replaced with 0- and +10-dB noise. Noise with a level of -10 dB had no effect on the intelligibility. These findings show that the combined effects of interruptions and temporal reversal of speech segments on intelligibility are greater than the sum of each individual effect. The results also support the idea that illusory continuity induced by high-level noise bursts improves the intelligibility of ILTR and I sentences.
8.	Kazuo Ueda, Yoshitaka Nakajima, Florian Kattner, and Wolfgang Ellermeier, Irrelevant speech effects with locally time-reversed speech: Native vs non-native language, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 10.1121/1.5112774, 145, 6, 3686-3694, 2019.06, [URL], Irrelevant speech is known to interfere with short-term memory of visually presented items. Here, this irrelevant speech effect was studied with a factorial combination of 3 variables: the participants' native language, the language the irrelevant speech was derived from, and the playback direction of the irrelevant speech. We used locally time-reversed speech as well to disentangle the contributions of local and global integrity. German and Japanese speech was presented to German (n = 79) and Japanese (n = 81) participants while they were performing a serial-recall task. In both groups, any kind of irrelevant speech impaired recall accuracy as compared to a pink-noise control condition. When the participants' native language was presented, normal speech and locally time-reversed speech with short segment duration, preserving intelligibility, was the most disruptive. Locally time-reversed speech with longer segment durations and normal or locally time-reversed speech played entirely backward, both lacking intelligibility, was less disruptive. When unfamiliar, incomprehensible signal was presented as irrelevant speech, no significant difference was found between locally time-reversed speech and its globally inverted version, suggesting that the effect of global inversion depends on the familiarity of the language..
9.	Kazuo Ueda, Tomoya Araki, Yoshitaka Nakajima, Frequency specificity of amplitude envelope patterns in noise-vocoded speech, Hearing Research, 10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.005, 367, 169-181, 2018.08, [URL], We examined the frequency specificity of amplitude envelope patterns in 4 frequency bands, which universally appeared through factor analyses applied to power fluctuations of critical-band filtered speech sounds in 8 different languages/dialects [Ueda and Nakajima (2017). Sci. Rep., 7 (42468)]. A series of 3 perceptual experiments with noise-vocoded speech of Japanese sentences was conducted. Nearly perfect (92–94%) mora recognition was achieved, without any extensive training, in a control condition in which 4-band noise-vocoded speech was employed (Experiments 1–3). Blending amplitude envelope patterns of the frequency bands, which resulted in reducing the number of amplitude envelope patterns while keeping the average spectral levels unchanged, revealed a clear deteriorating effect on intelligibility (Experiment 1). Exchanging amplitude envelope patterns brought generally detrimental effects on intelligibility, especially when involving the 2 lowest bands (≲1850 Hz; Experiment 2). Exchanging spectral levels averaged in time had a small but significant deteriorating effect on intelligibility in a few conditions (Experiment 3). Frequency specificity in low-frequency-band envelope patterns thus turned out to be conspicuous in speech perception..
10.	Yoshitaka Nakajima, Mizuki Matsuda, Kazuo Ueda, and Gerard B. Remijn, Temporal Resolution Needed for Auditory Communication: Measurement with Mosaic Speech, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00149, 12, 149, 2018.04, [URL], Temporal resolution needed for Japanese speech communication was measured. A new experimental paradigm that can reflect the spectro-temporal resolution necessary for healthy listeners to perceive speech is introduced. As a first step, we report listeners' intelligibility scores of Japanese speech with a systematically degraded temporal resolution, so-called "mosaic speech": speech mosaicized in the coordinates of time and frequency. The results of two experiments show that mosaic speech cut into short static segments was almost perfectly intelligible with a temporal resolution of 40 ms or finer. Intelligibility dropped for a temporal resolution of 80 ms, but was still around 50%-correct level. The data are in line with previous results showing that speech signals separated into short temporal segments of
11.	Kazuo UEDA, Yoshitaka NAKAJIMA, Wolfgang ELLERMEIER, Florian KATTNER, Intelligibility of locally time-reversed speech: A multilingual comparison, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-017-01831-z, 7, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01831-z, 2017.05, [URL], A set of experiments was performed to make a cross-language comparison of intelligibility of locally time-reversed speech, employing a total of 117 native listeners of English, German, Japanese, and Mandarin Chinese. The experiments enabled to examine whether the languages of three types of timing---stress-, syllable-, and mora-timed languages---exhibit different trends in intelligibility, depending on the duration of the segments that were temporally reversed. The results showed a strikingly similar trend across languages, especially when the time axis of segment duration was normalised with respect to the deviation of a talker's speech rate from the average in each language. This similarity is somewhat surprising given the systematic differences in vocalic proportions characterising the languages studied which had been shown in previous research and were largely replicated with the present speech material. These findings suggest that a universal temporal window shorter than 20--40~ms plays a crucial role in perceiving locally time-reversed speech by working as a buffer in which temporal reorganisation can take place with regard to lexical and semantic processing..
12.	Yoshitaka NAKAJIMA, Kazuo UEDA, Shota FUJIMARU, Hirotoshi MOTOMURA, Yuki OHSAKA, English phonology and an acoustic language universal, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/srep46049, 7, 46049, 1-6, doi: 10.1038/srep46049, 2017.04, [URL], Acoustic analyses of eight different languages/dialects had revealed a language universal: Three spectral factors consistently appeared in analyses of power fluctuations of spoken sentences divided by critical-band filters into narrow frequency bands. Examining linguistic implications of these factors seems important to understand how speech sounds carry linguistic information. Here we show the three general categories of the English phonemes, i.e., vowels, sonorant consonants, and obstruents, to be discriminable in the Cartesian space constructed by these factors: A factor related to frequency components above 3,300 Hz was associated only with obstruents (e.g., /k/ or /z/), and another factor related to frequency components around 1,100 Hz only with vowels (e.g., /a/ or /i/) and sonorant consonants (e.g., /w/, /r/, or /m/). The latter factor highly correlated with the hypothetical concept of sonority or aperture in phonology. These factors turned out to connect the linguistic and acoustic aspects of speech sounds systematically..
13.	Kazuo UEDA, Yoshitaka NAKAJIMA, An acoustic key to eight languages/dialects: Factor analyses of critical-band-filtered speech, Scientific Reports, doi: 10.1038/srep42468, 7, 42468, 1-4, doi: 10.1038/srep42468, 2017.02, [URL], The peripheral auditory system functions like a frequency analyser, often modelled as a bank of non-overlapping band-pass filters called critical bands; 20 bands are necessary for simulating frequency resolution of the ear within an ordinary frequency range of speech (up to 7,000 Hz). A far smaller number of filters seemed sufficient, however, to re-synthesise intelligible speech sentences with power fluctuations of the speech signals passing through them; nevertheless, the number and frequency ranges of the frequency bands for efficient speech communication are yet unknown. We derived four common frequency bands---covering approximately 50--540, 540--1,700, 1,700--3,300, and above 3,300 Hz---from factor analyses of spectral fluctuations in eight different spoken languages/dialects. The analyses robustly led to three factors common to all languages investigated---the low & mid-high factor related to the two separate frequency ranges of 50--540 and 1,700--3,300 Hz, the mid-low factor the range of 540--1,700 Hz, and the high factor the range above 3,300 Hz---in these different languages/dialects, suggesting a language universal..
14.	Takuya KISHIDA, Yoshitaka NAKAJIMA, Kazuo UEDA, Gerard Remijn, Three Factors Are Critical in Order to Synthesize Intelligible Noise-Vocoded Japanese Speech, Front. Psychol., 26 April 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00517, 7, 517, 1-9, 2016.04, [URL].
15.	Wolfgang Ellermeier, Florian Kattner, Kazuo UEDA, Kana Doumoto, Yoshitaka NAKAJIMA, Memory disruption by irrelevant noise-vocoded speech: Effects of native language and the number of frequency bands, the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4928954, 138, 3, 1561-1569, 2015.09, [URL], To investigate the mechanisms by which unattended speech impairs short-term memory performance, speech samples were systematically degraded by means of a noise vocoder. For experiment 1, recordings of German and Japanese sentences were passed through a filter bank dividing the spectrum between 50 and 7000 Hz into 20 critical-band channels or combinations of those, yielding 20, 4, 2, or just 1 channel(s) of noise-vocoded speech. Listening tests conducted with native speakers of both languages showed a monotonic decrease in speech intelligibility as the number of frequency channels was reduced. For experiment 2, 40 native German and 40 native Japanese participants were exposed to speech processed in the same manner while trying to memorize visually presented sequences of digits in the correct order. Half of each sample received the German, the other half received the Japanese speech samples. The results show large irrelevant-speech effects increasing in magnitude with the number of frequency channels. The effects are slightly larger when subjects are exposed to their own native language. The results are neither predicted very well by the speech transmission index, nor by psychoacoustical fluctuation strength, most likely, since both metrics fail to disentangle amplitude and frequency modulations in the signals. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America..
16.	Kazuo Ueda, Reiko Akahane-Yamada, Ryo Komaki, and Takahiro Adachi, Identification of English /r/ and /l/ in noise: the effects of baseline performance, Acoustical Science and Technology, 28 (4) 251-259, 2007.07.
17.	Ueda, K., Short-term auditory memory interference: the Deutsch demonstration revisited, Acoustical Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 6, 457-467, 2004.11.
18.	Ueda, K., and Akagi, M., Sharpness and amplitude envelopes of broadband noise, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 87, no. 2, 814-819, 1990.02.
19.	Ueda, K., and Ohgushi, K., Perceptual components of pitch: Spatial representation using a multidimensional scaling technique, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 82, no. 4, 1193-1200, 1987.10.

1.	Kazuo Ueda, Linh Le Dieu Doan, and Hiroshige Takeichi, Checkerboard and interrupted speech: Critical intelligibility differences observed in factor-analysis-based checkerboard speech stimuli, Acoustics 2023 Sydney, the 185th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 2023.12.
2.	Kazuo Ueda, Masashi Hashimoto, Hiroshige Takeichi, and Kohei Wakamiya, Interrupted mosaic speech revisited: Gain and loss of stretching on intelligibility, Acoustics 2023 Sydney, the 185th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 2023.12.
3.	Jun Hasegawa, Kazuo Ueda, Hiroshige Takeichi, Gerard B. Remijn, and Emi Hasuo, Selective Listening in Checkerboard and Interrupted Speech Stimuli with Two Talkers, Acoustics 2023 Sydney, the 185th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 2023.12.
4.	Kazuo Ueda, Masashi Hashimoto, Hiroshige Takeichi, and Kohei Wakamiya, Interrupted mosaic speech revisited: A curious biphasic effect of stretching on intelligibility, Fechner Day 2023: The 39th Annual Meeting for the International Society for Psychophysics, 2023.09.
5.	Koutaro Munechika, Kazuo Ueda, Hiroshige Takeichi, and Gerard B. Remijn, Phonemic restoration and energetic masking with checkerboard speech stimuli: Effects of noise-filling on intelligibility, Fechner Day 2023: The 39th Annual Meeting for the International Society for Psychophysics, 2023.09.
6.	Kazuo Ueda, Hiroshige Takeichi, and Kohei Wakamiya, Auditory grouping is necessary to understand interrupted mosaic speech stimuli, Acoustical Society of America, P&P Virtual Journal Club, 2022.09, [URL], The intelligibility of interrupted speech stimuli has been known to be almost perfect when segment duration is shorter than 80 ms, which means that the interrupted segments are perceptually organized into a coherent stream under this condition. However, why listeners can successfully group the interrupted segments into a coherent stream has been largely unknown. Here, we show that the intelligibility for mosaic speech in which original speech was segmented in frequency and time and noise-vocoded with the average power in each unit was largely reduced by periodical interruption. At the same time, the intelligibility could be recovered by promoting auditory grouping of the interrupted segments by stretching the segments up to 40 ms and reducing the gaps, provided that the number of frequency bands was enough (>= 4) and the original segment duration was equal to or less than 40 ms. The interruption was devastating for mosaic speech stimuli, very likely because the deprivation of periodicity and temporal fine structure with mosaicking prevented successful auditory grouping for the interrupted segments..
7.	Kazuo Ueda, Riina Kawakami, Hiroshige Takeichi, Checkerboard Speech: A New Experimental Paradigm for Investigating Speech Perception, Fechner Day 2021: The 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, 2021.10, [URL].
8.	Wolf, A., Ueda, K., and Hirano, Y., Eye movement abnormalities among patients with schizophrenia, Fechner Day 2021: The 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, 2021.10, [URL].
9.	Zhang, Y., Nakajima, Y., Ueda, K., and Remijn, G. B., Acoustic correlates of English consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words obtained with multivariate analysis, Fechner Day 2021: The 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, 2021.10, [URL].
10.	Nakajima, Y., Onaka, T., Oyama, A., Ueda, K., and Remijn, G. B., Temporal and frequency resolution needed for auditory communication: Comparison between young and senior listeners utilizing mosaic speech, Fechner Day 2021: The 57th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, 2021.10, [URL].
11.	Intelligibility of chimeric locally time-reversed speech: Relative contribution of four frequency bands revealed with confusion analyses.
12.	Perception of checkerboard speech: Limitations in auditory organization contrasted with the organization for interrupted speech.
13.	Kazuo UEDA, Riina KAWAKAMI, Hiroshige TAKEICHI, Checkerboard speech, The 52nd Perceptual Frontier Seminar: Non-Invasive Exploration of the Brain with Visual, Tactile, and Auditory Stimuli, 2021.05, [URL], "Checkerboard speech" is a kind of degraded speech discarding 50% of original speech, to study spectrotemporal characteristics of speech perception. Here we show that 20-band checkerboard speech maintained nearly 100% intelligibility irrespective of segment duration in the range from 20 to 320 ms, whereas 2- and 4-band checkerboard speech showed a trough of 35% to 40% intelligibility between the segment durations of 80 and 160 ms (n = 2 and n = 20), and that mosaicked checkerboard speech stimuli showed less than 10% intelligibility except for the stimuli with the finest resolution (20 frequency bands and 20-ms segment duration). The results suggest close connections with the modulation power spectrums of the stimuli, a spectrotemporal interaction in speech perception, and perceptual cue integration based on temporal fine structure..
14.	Combined Effects of Temporal and Spectral Segmentation on Intelligibility of Degraded Speech.
15.	Kazuo Ueda, Valter Ciocca, Gerard B. Remijn, and Yoshitaka Nakajima, Perceptual restoration of interrupted locally time-reversed speech: Effects of noise levels and segment duration, Fechner Day 2019: the 35th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, 2019.10.
16.	Kazuo UEDA, Yoshitaka NAKAJIMA, Shunsuke TAMURA, Wolfgang Ellermeier, Florian Kattner, Stephan Daebler, The effect of segment duration on the intelligibility of locally time-reversed speech: A multilingual comparison, The 31st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics, Fechner Day 2015, 2015.08.
17.	A consistent clustering of power fluctuations in British English, French, German, and Japanese.
18.	Critical-band-filter analyses of speech sentences: Common factors across Japanese, British English, French, and German..
19.	A critical-band-filtered analysis of Japanese speech sentences.
20.	Factor analyses of critical-band-filtered speech of British English and Japanese.
21.	Principal component analyses of critical-band-filtered speech.
22.	Critical-band-filter analysis of speech sentences: A case of British English.
23.	English /r/ and /l/ identification by native and non-native listeners in noise: applying screening text, signal-to-noise ratio variation, and training.