Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Florence   Country：Italy  

During the first half of the twentieth century, Japan’s colonial expansion in East Asia
brought many Japanese architects to Manchuria, present-day northeast China. They have
built all over Manchuria—government offices, commercial buildings, and residential
houses—and left a tremendous collection of visual records. The paper examines
these photographs from a different perspective, not merely considering them as
visual propagandas, but to focus on their visual power and function within the
exchange of people, objects, and ideas between Japan and Manchuria, and the
relationship between visual representation and space.
This presentation explores the role of visual representation in defining and shaping the
residential area in urban Manchuria during the first half of the twentieth century. Taking
photographs, drawings, and plans of residential houses displayed at the 1921 architectural
exhibition in Dalian as a case study, I examine Japanese architects’ designs for private
home and houses, published in architectural journals and displayed in architectural
exhibitions throughout the 1920s. Photos of houses in Manchuria published in the 1920s
were used to construct the daily space for a rising upper-middle class different from early
Japanese settlers, and to promote the housing reform in Japan.
After the establishment of Manchukuo in 1932, photographs of buildings in
Manchuria were included in the tourist postcards, one of the most popular
souvenirs for Japanese group tours in Manchuria that reached the peak around
1941. In particular, there were significant numbers of photographs of panoramic
views, public buildings, and construction sites: which functioned as visual allegories
of Manchukuo’s utopia future. Residential houses or interior of them were no longer
the center. Tourist postcards include exteriors of residential houses as symbolic icons of
Japan’s colonial rule. They have turned the buildings into products for the consumption
of mass tourism.
In conclusion, photographs, plans, and drawings or residential houses in Manchuria
during the first half of the twentieth century underwent a changing function. In the
beginning, they contributed to the construction and consolidation of the daily space
for the newly arriving upper-middle Japanese in the region. Later, they were
included as part of the tourist experience by compressing three-dimensional space
into flat surface and reducing the role of architecture into icons and symbols. The
case of colonial Manchuria, therefore, illustrates the tension between architecture
and its visual representation and their fluid boundaries and interchangeability.

Event date： 2018.12 - 2020.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：西日本工業大学小倉キャンパス・本館3階303講義室   Country：Japan  

旧満州における植民地都市空間の研究は、これまで鉄道付属地や官衙(かんが)建築を中心に行われ、日本帝国の拡張と政治的な表象が強調されてきた。しかし、公共建築は満洲に建てられた建物全体の10%に過ぎず、満洲国成立以前の都市空間の変遷は、これまで詳細に検討されてこなかった。近年の歴史研究では、旧満洲におけるロシア・中国・日本の錯綜する軍事、政治や経済の実態が明らかになっている。それゆえ、20世紀前半における多国籍と多民族が共存した満洲の都市空間の多様性と流動性に注目する必要があると考える。

　そこで本発表では、満洲のケーススタディとして、20世紀前半の長春＝新京の商業・生活空間に焦点をあて、日・中・露の連携と競争がもたらした都市空間の形成と変遷を明らかにする。具体的には、著者が発見した数枚の古地図を分析し、文献資料と照合しながら、1932年まで長春に共存した日本鉄道付属地とロシア鉄道付属地や中国の城内・商埠地との空間的な相互依存関係を検討する。さらに、現在の長春に残されている商業空間や建物の痕跡をもとに、多層的なローカル空間の存続を指摘する。

　本報告ではとくに以下の2点を明らかにしたい。

　第 1 に、長春の都市空間が、中国・ロシア・日本の連携と競争によって発展したものであったことである。1910年代から1930年代までの地図を比較すると、日・中・露が「城内」に繋がる商業用地を競って開発し、各国が鉄道を敷設することで、大豆など農産物の輸送を実現させた。その結果、日・露鉄道付属地、また城内や商埠地は、多民族・多国籍が雑居する空間となり、日本鉄道付属地に糧棧（穀物問屋）を経営した中国商人の町もできた。

　第 2 に、1910年から1920年まで鉄道敷設をはじめとするインフラ整備により、長春の都市中心は川沿いの西南部から鉄道が集中した北部に移転しつつあったことである。とりわけ1920年代以降、中国の商埠地に「茶園」を中心とした国際的な繁栄街が形成された。本報告では、このような商業空間が、1932年満洲国の首都計画にどのような影響を与えたのかに着目し現在の長春にある旧城内・商埠地の痕跡を検証し、1990年代まで繁栄街であったことを明らかにする。

　以上のように、本発表では、20世紀前半、日・中・露三国の軍事、政治と経済の錯綜する土地である長春が、流動的で多層的な都市空間だったことを明らかにし、植民地支配とローカル空間の複雑な関係を具体的にしめしたい。

Event date： 2018.10

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Korea, Republic of  

This paper examines the previously unexplored layers of urban Manchuria (present Northeast China) during the first half of the twentieth century. Current studies on the urban planning and architecture have mainly used the Japanese archives, emphasized the role of Japanese imperial power, and focused on the Japanese railway settlements. This paper examines a variety of newly discovered archives and maps to illustrate that the collaborations and competitions among Russian, Chinese, and Japanese population mutually shaped the formation of urban cities in Manchuria and transformed the region into an international, commercial center.
This paper focuses on the urban developments of Russian and Chinese neighborhoods and their interrelationships with the Japanese quarters in major cities, such as Dalian and Fengtian. I trace the rise and fall of Russian settlements and how the Chinese and Japanese modified former Russian buildings for their own purposes. More importantly, I reveal the interdependent relationships between Japanese settlements and Chinese neighborhoods in trade, railway operation, and daily life, which were represented by shared commercial spaces, overlapping boundaries, and mixed residential spaces. Furthermore, my examination of the Japanese writings on Chinese houses reveals that rather than ethnicity, it was the social class that defined the division of space.
In this way, my papers calls for a new understanding of the spatial configuration and transformation of urban Manchuria within a broader geopolitical context during the turbulent early twentieth century.

Event date： 2022.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：United States  

Event date： 2022.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：ONLINE   Country：Taiwan, Province of China  

Event date： 2021.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：ONLINE   Country：Korea, Republic of  

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Number of participants：25