Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100556

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2019.1604456

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The objectives of this study were to classify the small seasonal ponds that develop in the Cuvelai Seasonal Wetland System in north-central Namibia based on soil physicochemical properties so that potential agricultural uses of the ponds could be assessed. Satellite imagery was used to examine the relationships between soil characteristics and the probability of water presence in the region. Soil samples were collected from 66 ponds at three sites and their physicochemical properties and levels of salt accumulation were investigated. Soil data were analyzed by using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The ponds were classified into four types based on soil properties. Type A accounted for 20% of the ponds and was characterized by high levels of clay, silt, total N, and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K. Type B accounted for 14% of the ponds and was characterized by high values of organic C, C/N ratios, and available P. Type C accounted for 20% of the ponds, and this type featured high levels of salinity and sodicity. The remaining ponds were classified as Type D. If these seasonal ponds are to be considered for crop production, Type C should be avoided and Type D would require soil fertility improvements.

DOI： 10.1007/s13157-018-1073-y

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Broad scale monitoring of inland waters is essential to research on carbon and water cycles, and for application in the monitoring of disasters including floods and droughts on various spatial and temporal scales. Satellite remote sensing using spatiotemporal data fusion (STF) has recently attracted attention as a way of simultaneously describing spatial heterogeneity and tracking the temporal variability of inland waters. However, existing STF approaches have limitations in describing abrupt temporal changes, integrating “dissimilar” datasets (i.e., fusions between microwave and optical data), and compiling long-term, frequent STF datasets. To overcome these limitations, in this study we developed and evaluated a lookup table (LUT)-based STF, termed database unmixing (DBUX), using multiple types of satellite data (AMSR series, MODIS, and Landsat), and applied it to semi-arid seasonal wetlands in Namibia. The results show that DBUX is: 1) flexible in integrating optical data (MODIS or Landsat) with microwave (AMSR series) and seasonal (day of year) information; 2) able to generate long-term, frequent Landsat-like datasets; and 3) more reliable than an existing approach (spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model; STARFM) for tracking dynamic temporal variations in seasonal wetlands. Water maps retrieved from the resulting STF dataset for the wetlands had a 30-m spatial resolution and a temporal frequency of 1 or 2 days, and the dataset covered from 2002 to 2015. The time series water maps accurately described both seasonal and interannual changes in the wetlands, and could act as a basis for understanding the hydrological features of the region. Further studies are required to enable application of DBUX in other regions, and for other landscapes with different satellite sensor combinations.

DOI： 10.1016/j.rse.2017.07.026

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.14989/218898

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We investigated the origins of rain- and subsurface waters of north-central Namibia's seasonal wetlands, which are critical to the region's water and food security. The region includes the southern part of the Cuvelai system seasonal wetlands (CSSWs) of the Cuvelai Basin, a transboundary river basin covering southern Angola and northern Namibia. We analysed stable water isotopes (SWIs) of hydrogen (HDO) and oxygen (H2 18O) in rainwater, surface water and shallow groundwater. Rainwater samples were collected during every rainfall event of the rainy season from October 2013 to April 2014. The isotopic ratios of HDO (δD) and oxygen H2 18O (δ 18O) were analysed in each rainwater sample and then used to derive the annual mean value of (δD, δ 18O) in precipitation weighted by each rainfall volume. Using delta diagrams (plotting δD vs. δ 18O), we showed that the annual mean value was a good indicator for determining the origins of subsurface waters in the CSSWs. To confirm the origins of rainwater and to explain the variations in isotopic ratios, we conducted atmospheric water budget analysis using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA) data and ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data. The results showed that around three-fourths of rainwater was derived from recycled water at local–regional scales. Satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and complementary satellite data from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) series implied that the isotopic ratios in rainwater were affected by evaporation of raindrops falling from convective clouds. Consequently, integrated SWI analysis of rain-, surface and subsurface waters, together with the atmospheric water budget analysis, revealed that shallow groundwater of small wetlands in this region was very likely to be recharged from surface waters originating from local rainfall, which was temporarily pooled in small wetlands. This was also supported by tritium (3H) counting of the current rain- and subsurface waters in the region. We highly recommend that shallow groundwater not be pumped intensively to conserve surface and subsurface waters, both of which are important water resources in the region.

DOI： 10.1088/1748-9326/aa5bc8

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In the Cuvelai Seasonal Wetland System (CSWS) of North-central Namibia, there are widespread manifestations of seasonally flooded river and seasonally closed wetland ecosystems (ponds). These wetlands are called oshana (seasonally flooded river wetland) and ondombe (seasonally closed wetland) according to the local language. This study was initiated to find out the soil fertility status of ondombes and whether they could be utilized for agricultural purposes unlike the present situation. Soil salinity and sodicity were determined to find out impact of such adverse conditions on possibility of food production. A total of 70 representative ondombes were identified from three selected villages. A total of 210 soil samples were collected from upper, middle and lower positions adjacent to ondombes, and 15 soil samples from each 5 upland fields in the three villages and 102 soil samples from different spots of the flood plain in the three oshanas for comparison. The results indicated that the mean soil pH (H2O) in ondombe was 6.3, the means of organic C and total N were 6.28 and 0.41 g kg-1; respectively, the mean of available P was 4.81 mg P kg-1. The means of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Na in ondombe were 2.31, 1.44, 0.21, and 0.61 cmolc kg-1, respectively. Most soil nutrients were higher in lower ondombe positions than on upper and middle positions. Organic C, exchangeable Mg, and clay at the ondombe soils were significantly higher than those at the croplands. The means of electrical conductivity of saturation extract (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in ondombe soils were 0.62 ds m-1 and 7.32, respectively; even though most of the ondombe soils did not exhibit salinity and sodicity problems. Hence, one can conclude that an ondombe soil has an appropriate condition for agriculture, and may
only be prone to sodicity whenever the sodium content is high, as sometimes observed.

DOI： 10.5897/AJAR2017.12235

Other Link： http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-full-text-pdf/E47B6A964113

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Lowland wetlands generally have a high agricultural production potential and can be local hot-spots for
biodiversity. Specific seasonal wetland system is largely distributed in north-central Namibia. Seasonal
wetlands consist of seasonal river wetlands (locally known as oshanas). However, studies on soil
fertility, salinity and sodicity in seasonal river wetlands are still limited in this area. The objective of this
study was hence to investigate the soil fertility status of seasonal wetlands and evaluate their potential
for agricultural production and consider sustainability of the land use system. Soil samples were
collected from 102 different spots of the flood plain within 3 major seasonal rivers, and analyzed for
their physico-chemical properties and salinity and sodicity. The findings for average soil organic carbon
(1.94 g kg-1) and average clay contents (102.3 g kg-1) of seasonal rivers were drastically lower than the
wetland of semi-arid Africa regions (organic carbon, 5.8 g kg-1; clay contents, 340 g kg-1), and organic
carbon and clay content significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the lower part of each seasonal river. Most
of the seasonal river soil’s’ electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract (ECe) and the sodium
adsorption ratio of the saturated paste extract (SAR) were more than 4 dS m-1 and 13, respectively.
However, there were large differences in electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract (ECe) and the
sodium adsorption ratio of the saturated paste extract (SAR) values among the sampling spots. These
findings suggest the high agricultural importance to improve the soil organic matter and clay contents,
and land selection to avoid the strongly high saline-sodic soil sites in seasonal river.

DOI： 10.5897/AJAR2016.11758

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Flash floods, erratically striking semi-arid regions, often cause field flooding and soil anoxia, resulting in crop losses on food staples, typically pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Recent glasshouse studies have indicated that rice (Oryza spp.) can enhance flood stress tolerance of co-growing dryland cereals by modifying their rhizosphere microenvironments via the oxygen released from its roots into the aqueous rhizosphere. We tested whether this phenomenon would be expressed under field flood conditions. The effects of mix-planting of pearl millet and sorghum with rice on their survival, growth and grain yields were evaluated under controlled field flooding in semi-arid Namibia during 2014/2015–2015/2016. Single-stand and mixed plant treatments were subjected to 11–22 day flood stress at the vegetative growth stage. Mixed planting increased plant survival rates in both pearl millet and sorghum. Grain yields of pearl millet and sorghum were reduced by flooding, in both the single-stand and mixed plant treatments, relative to the non-flooded upland yields, but the reduction was lower in the mixed plant treatments. In contrast, flooding increased rice yields. Both pearl millet–rice and sorghum–rice mixtures demonstrated higher land equivalent ratios, indicating a mixed planting advantage under flood conditions. These results indicate that mix-planting pearl millet and sorghum with rice could alleviate flood stress on dryland cereals. The results also suggest that with this cropping technique, rice could compensate for the dryland cereal yield losses due to field flooding.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eja.2016.07.003

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Recently, the occurrences of extreme flooding and drought, often in the same areas, have increased due to climate change. Wetland plant species are known to oxygenate their rhizospheres by releasing oxygen (O2) from their roots. We tested the hypothesis that wetland species could help upland species under flood conditions; that is, O2 released from the wetland crop roots would ameliorate rhizosphere O2-deficient stress and hence facilitate upland crop root function. Flooding tolerance of upland-adapted staple crops—pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mix-cropped with rice (Oryza spp.) was investigated in glasshouse and laboratory. We found a phenomenon that strengthens the flood tolerance of upland crops when two species—one wetland and one drought tolerant—were grown using the mixed cropping technique that results in close tangling of their root systems. This technique improved the photosynthetic and transpiration rates of upland crops subjected to flood stress (O2-deficient nutrient culture). Shoot relative growth rates during the flooding period (24 days) tended to be higher under mixed cropping compared with single cropping. Radial oxygen loss from the wetland crop roots might be contributed to the phenomenon observed. Mixed cropping of wet and dryland crops is a new concept that has the potential to overcome flood stress under variable environmental conditions.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.004

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

DOI： 10.14989/96292

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

DOI： 10.14989/68458

Publisher：Forests  

As global climate change intensifies and human activities escalate, changes in vegetation cover, an important ecological indicator, hold significant implications for ecosystem protection and management. Shandong Province, a critical agricultural and economic zone in China, experiences vegetation changes that crucially affect regional climate regulation and biodiversity conservation. This study employed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, combined with climatic, topographic, and anthropogenic activity data, utilizing trend analysis methods, partial correlation analysis, and Geodetector to comprehensively analyze the spatiotemporal variations and primary driving factors of vegetation cover in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2020. The findings indicate an overall upward trend in vegetation cover, particularly in areas with concentrated human activities. Climatic factors, such as precipitation and temperature, exhibit a positive correlation with vegetation growth, while land use changes emerge as one of the key drivers influencing vegetation dynamics. Additionally, topography also impacts the spatial distribution of vegetation to a certain extent. This research provides a scientific basis for ecological protection and land management in Shandong Province and similar regions, supporting the formulation of effective vegetation restoration and ecological conservation strategies.

DOI： 10.3390/f15071245

Web of Science

Scopus

Publisher：Sustainability Science  

The importance of ending poverty and reducing economic inequality has been explicitly recognized globally. Climate extremes are a critical global risk and can lead to economic damages, but empirical evidence of their effects on economic inequality is limited. Here, we focus on Mongolian pastoralism, which has a coupled socio-ecological system, to examine the trend of economic inequality among herders following a climate extreme event. Mongolia experienced a winter disaster in 2009 that caused a mortality of about 20% of the total number of livestock across the country. We used a long-term livestock panel dataset at the household level (n = 787) during 2004–2013 to examine changes in the economic distribution after the disaster. Economic inequality increased after the disaster (Gini coefficient increased from 0.46 to 0.61), and the increased level of inequality remained 4 years after the disaster. A decomposition of the inequality analysis showed that within-group inequality largely contributed to the greater total inequality, and household groups with a small number of livestock had the largest increase in inequality. Moreover, household groups that did not recover their livestock number had a higher loss rate of livestock during the disaster than household groups that did recover. Although the number of total livestock in the study area did recover after 4 years, we empirically showed that inequality among herders increased after the disaster. This result suggests that economic distributions are critical when examining the socio-economic impacts of climate extremes. We also suggest that preparing for disasters during normal years to alleviate loss of livestock during a disaster, especially for households with a small number of livestock, is a critical way to reduce poverty in the face of more frequent climate extremes.

DOI： 10.1007/s11625-023-01429-7

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Human Geographical Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.4200/jjhg.76.03_189

Scopus

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF HYDOROLOGICAL SCIENCES  

DOI： 10.4145/jahs.53.28

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publisher：The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University  

Daily food surveys to clarify the patterns of local food cultures are typically used to record daily food consumption and understand local food culture. Previous studies used survey data obtained mainly by calculating the frequency of occurrence of each food item, dish, or combination of specific items. To understand African food culture by focusing on the combinations of food items and to show the different perspectives that are free from the subjectivity of the empirical study, this study examined the application of two classification methods to a food survey dataset obtained through a food survey in a rural village in northcentral Namibia. To arrive at a better classification method, the author attempted to use two representative classification methods, cluster analysis and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), to classify the same food dataset, focusing on the combination of dishes. Differences between the two sets of results were examined. Both methods extracted four major groups with some subgroups that abstracted some features of the food culture of Owambo. Although there were some differences in classification between the two methods, the authors found no obvious trends when using those two methods in this study. The classification of combinations of food items presented in this research could be applied to good effect by other studies on food culture.

DOI： 10.14989/282795

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publisher：The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University  

Historically, food cultures in various parts of Africa have been nurtured through the interrelationships among people, crops and the natural environment. However, the study on food in sub-Saharan Africa so far has largely been confined to agriculture and food production; there has been little discussions on consumption patterns or eating cultures. Based on fieldwork in rural villages and literature studies, this supplementary issue focuses on the diverse food choices made by local farmers in sub-Saharan Africa in the context of crop selection and consumption and analyzes indigenous knowledge that informs farmers' choices. Moreover, it considers the relationships among the natural environment, crops and food cultures, and should facilitate future study of food cultures in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.

DOI： 10.14989/282788

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES  

<p>We are engaged in transdisciplinary research on water. In this study, the water environment is considered as a "water cycle system" that always contains fluctuations caused by the interplay between the geosphere, the biosphere, and the humanosphere, and we are working to clarify the equilibrium under which the water cycle system has been evolving. The challenges and possibilities of transdisciplinary research are becoming clear from this effort so far. The challenge is how researchers from different fields can collaborate with each other. Because issues related to the hydrological cycle play an important role in the geosphere, biosphere, and humanosphere, there is potential for collaboration among the natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, and biology, with specific goals.</p>

DOI： 10.11520/jshwr.36.0_47

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES  

<p>Agricultural ponds, which have existed in a region since ancient times, are not only an important water resource for the region, but also play an important role in the water environment, biodiversity, and the history and culture of the region. Despite their diverse functions and challenges, agricultural ponds in Japan are undergoing a major transformation due to the declining birthrate and aging population, changes in the environment surrounding agriculture, and the increasing severity and frequency of heavy rainfall disasters. The changes are expected to be particularly significant for medium- and small-scale reservoirs, of which there are a vast number. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an analysis on agricultural ponds based on changes in the water environment, and conducted research on multifaceted evaluation of reservoirs that can be used for future maintenance and management.</p>

DOI： 10.11520/jshwr.36.0_49

CiNii Research

CiNii Research

CiNii Research

Publisher：Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering  

Bamboo forests, especially Moso bamboo forests, are vital forestry resources due to their rapid growth rate and significant capacity for carbon sequestration. Accurate assessment of the quantity and spatial distribution of bamboo forest resources is essential for the development of the bamboo industry and the assessment of its ecosystem services. However, remote sensing techniques face limitations in detecting Moso bamboo forests due to spectral similarity with other vegetation and the presence of cloud cover. In this study, we used random forests through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform in combination with spectral indices, texture and topographic features to classify the study area in Wuxing District, China. The results show that: it is not that the more features the higher the classification accuracy, after the selection of features, the number of features was reduced from 40 to 28, and the classification accuracy (overall accuracy 92.69%, Kappa coefficient 0.91) was slightly improved compared with that before the optimization (overall accuracy 92.17%, Kappa coefficient 0.90). In addition, Topographic features play an important role in land cover classification. This study provides a reference for extracting spatial features using open source remote sensing data.

DOI： 10.1117/12.3007479

Scopus

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES  

<p>Wetlands, which are unique water environments, have various functions for water circulation and ecosystems, such as mitigating disasters such as floods and providing habitats for wetland creatures. On the other hand, there are many areas where part of the wetlands overlaps with the human residential area, and it has undergone various changes depending on the wetlands, such as being the target of development and disappearing, or being protected as a conservation area for rare creatures or a target area for tourism promotion. In this presentation, we will apply the interdisciplinary framework, which captures changes in the water environment from the perspective of fluctuations in the geosphere, the humanosphere, and the biosphere, to the discussion on solar power generation in the Kushiro Wetlands, and will demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework.</p>

DOI： 10.11520/jshwr.36.0_51

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association for African Studies  

<p>This study aims to examine the process of changes in the local knowledge and perceptions of farmers in an agro-pastoral society (north-central Namibia) in order to understand the process of innovations in indigenous agriculture in rural Africa. Specifically, this study clarifies how local knowledge affects the perception of local farmers regarding the acceptance or rejection of new agricultural techniques proposed by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) agricultural project conducted in Namibia. In the study villages, farmers conducted several trials of new agricultural practices using local knowledge about cultivation and wetland environment after new agricultural techniques were suggested by the project. At the same time, there was a significant gap between the proposed techniques and the farmers' practices on the ground. Among the newly suggested techniques, many farmers adopted rice cultivation, as few farmers are knowledgeable about rice cultivation in this area. Hence, they tentatively attempted it just as a part of their everyday trial of introducing foreign crops or techniques. Meanwhile, another novel technique consisting of planting pearl millet or sorghum together with rice along the edge of small seasonal wetlands was rejected. Farmers deemed this technique unreasonable based on their own local knowledge about the features of these crops. Therefore, in this case, their local knowledge serves in filtering new techniques.</p>

DOI： 10.11619/africa.2022.101_21

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES  

<p>気候変動や地球温暖化の影響により、シベリアなどの東部ロシア北極・環北極域では、永久凍土の融解や河川洪水の頻発などに代表される環境変化が急速に進行している。このような環境変化は、地域に暮らす人々の生活や経済活動を脅かす大きな要因となっていることが報告されており、環境変化への適応策の検討や地域社会のレジリエンスの向上がグローバル社会が直面する課題として認識されている。本発表では、サハ共和国の小規模コミュニティを対象に、環境変化に対する住民の認識と集団内の認識の差異について紹介する。そして、その結果を他地域における結果と比較を行い、社会的レジリエンスを向上するにあたり、ステークホルダー間の認識のギャップをどのように捉えていけばよいか考察する。 2018年に東シベリアに位置するレナ川流域の2地域（Khayakhsyt, Magaras）において予備調査を実施し、同地域の主要な民族であるサハ人の生活様式や環境認識を把握するための参与観察とインタビュー調査を実施した。そして、2020年および2021年にかけて、東シベリアに位置するレナ川流域の3地域（Namsky, Khangalassky, Ust-Aldansky）において、環境変化に関する認識や直面する課題などに関するアンケート調査を実施した。 アンケート調査の結果、レナ川流域の3地域の回答者は、河川水の流量変化や冬季の氷の発達度合、永久凍土の状態などについて、高い関心を有していた。河川の流量については、近年、流量が減り浅くなっているとする回答の割合が比較的高く、干ばつ頻度が増加しているという認識を示す回答者の割合が高い傾向が認められた。また、河川の凍結／融解時期が変化したと認識する回答者がいずれの地域でも半数近く認められた。他方、いくつかの質問項目については、同一の地域内においても回答傾向が分かれる結果となった。例えば、過去20-30年における洪水の発生頻度については、「増加した」と「減少した」という回答の両方が、いずれの地域でも比較的高い割合となった。また、河川の水量が極端に低い状態をみた頻度に関する質問では、Ust-Aldanskyで頻度が高い傾向が認められ、地域によって環境変化に対する認識が異なる結果も認められた。</p>

DOI： 10.11520/jshwr.35.0_147

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

<p>１．はじめに 気候変動や地球温暖化の影響により、シベリアなどの高緯度地方では、永久凍土の融解に代表される環境変化が急速に進行している。そのプロセスやメカニズムは、地域ごとに固有の自然環境や社会環境要因によって異なり、各地域における現状や環境変化のメカニズムを把握する必要性が指摘されている。また、そのような環境変化に適応した生業・生活様式を検討し、社会的レジリエンスを高めていくためには、地域住民や行政関係者、研究者などの多様なステークホルダーが現状や地域の課題を認識する必要がある。他方、環境変化の認識には、ある地域に居住する集団の内部や集団間において差異があることが知られている。 発表者らは、これまで永久凍土が発達する東シベリア・サハ共和国において、環境変化に関する住民の認識とその差異に関する調査を実施してきた。本発表では、サハ共和国の小規模コミュニティを対象に、環境変化に対する住民の認識と集団内の認識の差異について紹介する。そして、その結果を他地域における結果と比較を行い、社会的レジリエンスを向上するにあたり、ステークホルダー間の認識のギャップをどのように捉えていけばよいか考察する。 ２．方法 2018年3月にチュラプチャ郡に位置するカヤクシット村、2018年8月にゴルニィ郡のマガラス村において、地域住民（サハ）を対象にアンケート票を用いた現地調査およびインタビュー調査を実施し、環境変化に関する認識や直面する課題などについて把握した。対象としたのは、カヤクシット村56名、マガラス村75名である。 ３．結果と考察 　チュラプチャ中心地やカヤクシット村では、永久凍土が融解することによって形成されるサーモカルストが顕著に発達していた。現地踏査の結果、耕作放棄地において融解の進行が顕著であった。また、耕作放棄地に住居が建築された場所では、住居近くにサーモカルストが形成され、盛り土をするなどの対応を迫られていた。 　インタビューおよびアンケート調査の結果、住民は身近な環境の変化を多様な観点から認識していることが明らかとなった。永久凍土の融解や洪水発生など、気候変化に関連する懸念の声が多数抽出された一方で、飲料水の水質や地域のゴミ問題など、健康に関わる問題に対する関心も高いことが明らかとなった。 他方、地域で進行している環境変化に関する認識には、集団内部で大きな差異が認められた。例えば、降水量の変化については、近年降水量が多い年が増えているか降水量が少ない干ばつ年が増えているかという認識について、同じ地域の住民においても意見が分かれる傾向が確認された。 　環境変化に対する認識のギャップは、地域における環境変化への対応行動の差異に結び付く可能性がある。こうした点は、在来知と科学知とのギャップとして描くことも可能であるが、重要な点は、そのような対応の多様化が社会的レジリエンスの向上に結び付くかどうかという点にあるだろう。 付記　本研究は、北極域研究加速プロジェクト(ArCS II）およびベルモント・フォーラムCRA「東部ロシア北極・環北極域の凍土水文とレジリエンス」の一環として実施している。</p>

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2022s.0_92

CiNii Research

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

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Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：島根大学（オンライン開催）   Country：Japan  

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Venue：Bologna   Country：Italy  

Agricultural use of wetlands is important for food security in various regions. However, land-use changes in wetland areas could alter the water cycle and the ecosystem. To conserve the water environments of wetlands, care is needed when introducing new cropping systems. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the water dynamics in the case of the introduction of rice-millet mixed-cropping systems to the Cuvelai system seasonal wetlands (CSSWs) in north-central Namibia. We first investigated seasonal changes in surface water coverage by using satellite remote sensing data. We also assessed the effect of the introduction of rice-millet mixed-cropping systems on é vapotranspiration in the CSSWs region. For the former investigation, we used MODIS and AMSR-E satellite remote sensing data. These data showed that at the beginning of the wet season, surface water appears from the southern (lower) part and then expands to the northern (higher) part of the CSSWs. For the latter investigation, we used data obtained by the classical Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) method at an experimental field site established in September 2012 on the Ogongo campus, University of Namibia. This analysis showed the importance of water and vegetation conditions when introducing mixed-cropping to the region.Grant: Acknowledgements: This study was supported by an international research/development (R/D) project of the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) entitled "Flood- and drought-adaptive cropping systems to conserve water environments in semi-arid regions" (P.I.: M. Iijima). We thank the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for their kind coordination. We also thank all members of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Namibia (UNAM), for kindly collaborating with our research.

Event date： 2021.10 - 2021.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

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Type：Peer review 

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Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in Japanese journals：1

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in Japanese journals：1

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