Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2021.101136

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7174483

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The number of graduate students in Japan has increased substantially over the past few decades. Figure 1, which presents the number of students enrolled in master's programs in private and public universities, illustrates this trend: graduate enrollment followed a steady upward trend from the 1970s until the first decade of the 21st century, although this trend has declined to a certain extent in recent years (reflecting overall population trends).

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/s42973-019-00014-x

Repository Public URL： https://hdl.handle.net/2324/7177948

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1111/jere.12107

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

This study attempts to provide an overview of income inequality in Japan for the 1990s and the 2000s, using the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC) data. We calculate four income inequality measures based on eight income definitions. To measure the income inequality with a precision greater than that of the previous studies, we create the sampling weights using micro-data from the Population Census. We find that income inequality measures calculated using
Population-Census weights are higher than those without weighting adjustment and those adjusted with provided weights. Although the levels of inequality measures are higher, weighting adjustments do not seem to have a significant impact on the trend of inequality measures. We also find that the level and the upward trend are less pronounced if imputed rent is considered. Moreover, we attempt to find the cause of the rise in inequality. We find that, on an equivalized disposable income basis, 31.6 to 57.4% of the rise in income inequality can be explained by the changes in the demographic structure and the composition of households for the 1990s. Among others, the aging of the population, changes in household composition, and a decrease in the number of workers had a large impact on the rise in income inequality.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Event date： 2023.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：国立台湾大学   Country：Taiwan, Province of China  

This study aims to evaluate how income redistribution, achieved through progressive income tax and the social security system, functions as an insurance mechanism. We examine the extent to which income redistribution can mitigate the fluctuations in lifetime income/utility resulting from unexpected income shocks. In order to separate the variability stemming from differences in individual efforts, we develop a lifecycle model that incorporates heterogeneity in time preferences. We estimate the model using the data from the Japan Household Panel Survey (JHPS/KHPS). Using the estimated model, we conduct counterfactual simulations in which we adjust the progressivity of income tax to shrink the gap between the 25th and 75th percentile of overall income distribution by 5% while keeping tax revenue constant. We find that, even among those with the same time preference, the gap between the 25th and 75th percentile of lifetime income shrinks. When considering preference heterogeneity, the amount of shrinkage ranges from 68.97% to 92.30% of shrinkage of the gap in the overall distribution. Furthermore, we observe that approximately 80% of households experience an increase in the 25th percentile of lifetime utility, demonstrating an enhanced insurance effect, while 60% experience a decrease in the 75th percentile of lifetime utility.

Event date： 2019.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：厦門大学   Country：China  

This study estimates the impact of the dramatic changes in housing prices during Japan’s bubble from the late 1980s to the 1990s on households’ asset accumulation and utility over their life cycle. We construct a life-cycle model explaining households’ consumption/saving and housing decisions under collateral and borrowing constraints. We estimate this model using data from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES), which includes data on households’ housing wealth estimated from objective information. Using the estimated model, we then conduct a counterfactual simulation in which we assume that housing prices remained constant during the bubble period. Doing so allows us to quantify the gains/losses of lifetime utility due to the housing price boom and bust. We find that 72.2% of the households experienced an average decrease in lifetime utility equivalent to 5.7% of lifetime income. On average, Japan’s housing price boom and bust caused a loss in lifetime utility equivalent to 4.7% of lifetime income. Moreover, we compare the impact of the housing price bubble across cohorts and find that the impact was greatest for those who experienced the bubble at ages 35–45.

Event date： 2018.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：ソウル   Country：Korea, Republic of  

Using three household surveys, the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC), the Working Person Survey (WPS) and the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), this study estimates the returns to postgraduate education in Japan, considering potential self-selection bias. To mitigate the bias, workers’ undergraduate majors, types of university and level of cognitive skills are controlled for. These factors explain 6.3 to 29.2% of the postgraduate wage premium for women but at most 10.9% for men. Even after controlling for these factors, the postgraduate wage premium remains positive and significant, ranging from 16.5 to 23.7% for men and 13.5 to 26.4% for women.

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：1

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：1

Number of peer-reviewed articles in Japanese journals：1

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：2

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：2

Type：Competition, symposium, etc. 

Number of participants：640

Audience：General,　Scientific,　Company,　Civic organization,　Governmental agency

Type：Seminar, workshop

Audience：Infants,　Schoolchildren,　Junior students,　High school students

Type：Seminar, workshop