Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Soil erosion, which involves the degradation of the physical and chemical properties of soil, is a major threat to the soil environment. Although the effects of soil erosion on the physical or chemical properties of forests have been studied, little has been reported on the soil microbial community, which is likely to affect forest ecosystems. This study aimed to elucidate how the microbiome changed with the soil environment accompanying soil erosion in cool temperate mixed forests in Southern Japan, where soil erosion has been accelerated by the increased population of sika deer. We investigated the soil microbial communities of the different soil erosion intensities at three forest sites. In prokaryotic communities, diversity indices were increased with the sum of the height of exposed roots (SUMH), an index of soil erosion. In fungal communities, the relative abundances of plant pathogenic and wood saprotroph fungi were increased as SUMH increased and those of symbiotrophs and ectomycorrhizal fungi were increased with humus organic matter content, suggesting that the difficulties in establishing plants would be increased as soil erosion progressed because of the changes in the composition and function of fungal communities in eroded areas. Moreover, soil fungal communities had a more complex co-occurrence network than that of prokaryote, suggesting that the effects of soil erosion on fungal network is smaller than those on bacterial network. Changes in the soil environment induced by soil erosion altered the microbiomes in the deeper layers of the soil and had different effect on prokaryotes and fungi.

DOI： 10.1080/13416979.2023.2265006

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The overpopulation of large herbivorous mammals degrades understory vegetation and hence promotes soil erosion in some northern hemisphere forests. Topsoil removal via erosion reduces soil water and nitrogen (N) content as well as exposes tree roots. However, whether topsoil removal inhibits tree growth through water and N uptake limitations has not been examined. This study aimed to measure the vertical length from exposed roots surface to the soil surface (exposed root height; ERH) under degraded forest understory vegetation and to evaluate its influence on tree growth. Specifically, we examined the relationships between ERH and beech growth and identified the timing of growth reduction based on annual tree-ring analysis at the individual scale. Furthermore, we discussed the effects of water and N limitations on beech growth reduction. We studied 12 Japanese beech trees on Mt. Sanpo, southern Kyushu Island, Japan, where understory vegetation was degraded and lost due to herbivory by Japanese sika deer from 1980 to 2003. Lower amounts of leaf production and relative growth rates of stem basal area increment (BAI) were observed in beech trees with higher ERH. Segmented regression analysis, which detects the changing time of a temporal trend (i.e., break-point), revealed that the BAI has resulted in a decreasing trend after 1997.6 ± 9.0 (yr), which coincided with the field observations on understory degradation in the study site. After the break-point of the BAI, the BAI of each study tree was negatively related to intrinsic water use efficiency, an integrated index of water limitation. These results suggest that soil erosion after the degradation of understory vegetation reduced beech growth, possibly because of the water limitations associated with root exposure. Reduced beech growth will reduce the supply of the litter layer that prevents topsoil erosion, which may enhance further soil erosion and tree growth reduction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107559

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The number of plants unpalatable to deer increases with increasing deer numbers. In the Kyushu Mountain area of Southern Japan, Pieris japonica (Ericaceae), an unpalatable shrub, has become the monodominant vegetation under evergreen conifer and deciduous broad-leaved tree stands. The monodominance of unpalatable plants in the understory has potential advantages and drawbacks; however, the effects of Pieris dominance are not well understood. To assess the effects of P. japonica dominances on forest environments and ecosystems, we investigated understory environments and soil microbiomes in Pieris-dominant sites. Under the deciduous broad-leaved trees, Pieris dominance leads to considerable Pieris leaf litter and humus weights and low soil bulk density and canopy openness. In the soil fungal community and fungal functional groups, the relative abundance of symbiotrophic fungi, particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pieris-dominant sites were lower than in other-vegetation understory sites and saprotrophic fungi vice versa. Because few seedlings and saplings were found under Pieris shrubs, Pieris dominance in the understory might exclude other plant species. The results of this study will contribute to the Pieris population and forest management following deer overgrazing.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0296692

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Ecological Society of Japan  

<p>Abstract: The diet composition of sika deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) in Kyushu, Japan, has been poorly studied to date. Therefore, we analysed the seasonal diet composition of sika deer in the Shiiba Research Forest of Kyushu University. The deer population has increased since the 1970s and the forest ecosystem has been heavily affected by deer browsing; for example, the broad-leaf bamboo (<i>Sasa borealis</i>) disappeared from the study area around 2000. Faecal composition analyses of samples collected in 2022 and 2023 showed that fibre and culm were predominant, with green leaves accounting for only about 30% of the sika deer diet even in summer; thus, the deer appear to consume poor-quality food throughout the year. A comparison of the diet composition of sika deer in the study area with those of other habitats throughout Japan during the 2000s suggested that they had a very poor diet, probably because of deterioration of forest floor vegetation as a result of heavy deer browsing during the last few decades.</p>

DOI： 10.18960/hozen.2334

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Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Copernicus GmbH  

Abstract. The degradation of ground vegetation cover caused by large grazing herbivores frequently results in enhanced erosion rates in forest ecosystems. Splash erosion can be caused by drop impacts with a high throughfall kinetic energy (TKE) from the tree canopy. Notably larger canopy drips from structurally mediated woody surface points appear to induce even higher TKE and generate concentrated impact locations causing severe focus points of soil erosion. However, TKE at these locations has rarely been reported. This pilot study investigated the intensity of TKE at a concentrated impact location and compared it with general TKE locations under the canopy and freefall kinetic energy (FKE) outside the forest. We measured precipitation, TKE and FKE using splash cups at seven locations under Japanese beech trees and five locations outside the forest during the leafless and leafed seasons in 2021 in a mixed forest with evergreen coniferous trees and deciduous broadleaved trees in Japan. The TKE at the concentrated impact location was 15.2 and 49.7 times higher than that at the general locations under the beech and FKE, respectively. This study confirmed that canopy drip from woody surfaces could be a hotspot of soil erosion in temperate forest ecosystems. Throughfall precipitation at the concentrated impact location was 11.4 and 8.1 times higher than that at general locations and freefall, respectively. TKE per 1 mm precipitation (here, “unit TKE”) at the concentrated impact location (39.2 ± 23.7 J m−2 mm−1) was much higher than that at general locations (22.0 ± 12.7 J m−2 mm−1) and unit FKE (4.5 ± 3.5 J m−2 mm−1). Unit TKE in the leafless season was significantly lower than in the leafed season because of fewer redistribution of canopy drips induced only by woody tissue. Nevertheless, unit TKE at the concentrated impact location in the leafless season (36.4 J m−2 mm−1) was still higher than at general locations in the leafed season. These results show that potentially high rates of sediment detachment can be induced not only by throughfall precipitation but also by larger throughfall drop size distributions at the concentrated impact location, even in the leafless season. Further studies with more replication building on this first report are necessary to investigate how many of these concentrated impact locations may occur on average with different tree species to better assess the extent of the erosion risk under forests.

DOI： 10.5194/esurf-11-1275-2023

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Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109563

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Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

Increases in the number of wild herbivores resulted in understory degradation because of their overgrazing in forest ecosystems. Deer overgrazing has occurred soil erosion in Japanese beech forests where dwarf bamboo used to be densely covered. Soil erosion can result in a decrease in soil carbon and nutrient contents, causing the soil microbial respiration in such forest ecosystems to be degraded. The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of soil erosion, which sporadically occurs within the forests, on soil properties and microbial activity. Soil erosion indices, such as the maximum height of exposed roots from the soil surface (MAXH), tree and soil properties, microbial basal and substrate-induced respiration, were measured under the canopy of 16 beech trees in each of three deciduous broadleaved forests on southern Kyushu Island, Japan. Soil properties such as the humus mass and the organic matter contents of soil and humus decreased with MAXH. Basal and substrate-induced respiration decreased with increases in MAXH. Soil properties associated with organic matter increased with basal and substrate-induced respiration. These results suggest that soil surface layers that were rich in organic matter ran off because of soil erosion, resulting in the degradation of soil microbial activity. This study suggests that increases in wild herbivore populations degrade soil ecosystem functioning owing to the soil erosion induced by understory disappearance.

DOI： 10.1080/13416979.2023.2235499

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Bamboos contribute significantly to carbon cycling in many (sub)tropical and temperate forests. In East Asia, unmanaged Moso bamboo stands accumulate large amounts of dead culms. However, very little is known about the indirect effects of dead culms on biogeochemical cycling through changes in soil conditions and decomposer communities. We evaluated the interactive effects of dead culms and soil fauna on litter decomposition in an unmanaged Moso bamboo stand. We placed leaf litter beneath the dead culms and on the forest floor (control) and used litterbags with different mesh sizes (1 mm and 42 μm) to control the access of soil mesofauna to the litter. We hypothesized that dead culms and soil fauna synergistically accelerate litter decomposition mainly because dead culms influence soil conditions and alter the litter fauna assemblage. We found that litter decomposing under the dead culms had greater litter mass, carbon and nitrogen loss, and microbial respiration rates than the control. The presence of soil mesofauna decreased litter mass, carbon and nitrogen loss but had no effect on the microbial respiration rate. Soil moisture was consistently higher under the dead culms, but their effect on soil temperature was dependent on the season. The litter decomposing below the dead culms had relatively higher mesofauna abundance and order richness. However, the contribution of the mesofauna to litter mass and nutrient loss was not modulated by the dead culms, suggesting that soil fauna had essentially the same effect on litter decomposition irrespective of the presence of dead culms. We showed that dead bamboo culms influence litter nutrient dynamics and promote habitat heterogeneity for soil microarthropods. Our results further highlight the ecological role played by dead culms and have implications for Moso bamboo management. The removal of dead culms from the forest floor could have substantial impact on the soil biota and ecosystem processes in managed stands.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103493

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Language：English   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.134.0_496

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Language：English   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.134.0_477

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Language：English   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.134.0_660

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

To clarify soil respiration (soil CO2 efflux, R-s) characteristics in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved natural forest in Yambaru, Okinawa, Japan, we examined spatiotemporal variation in R-s and its determining factors. We then compared yearly R-s with the value in other forests. The spatial variation in R-s (coefficient of variation [CV] = 38.9%) was not significantly related to temperature or soil water content but was evidently dependent on ground surface litter coverage. R-s was greater in summer (ca. 7-10 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), and its seasonal variation was exponentially related to soil temperature (Q(10) = 2.16). As a function of soil temperature, we estimated a yearly mean stand-scale R-s of 5.17 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), and a total carbon efflux from the soil of 1959 g C m(-2) year(-1) for 2014. Despite showing similar seasonal patterns as those in temporal forests, the R-s in this ecosystem is very high throughout the year, and the yearly value is much higher for natural mature forests. A mass balance approach suggests that the large amount of belowground carbon allocation of plants contributed to the high CO2 emissions from the soils.

DOI： 10.1111/1440-1703.12386

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Kyushu University Forests  

Spotlight census data of sika deer in three research forests of Kyushu University

DOI： 10.15017/6786325

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DOI： 10.1038/s10038-022-01094-1

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Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104606

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

Dead organic matter (DOM), which consists of leaf litter, fine woody debris (FWD; <3 cm diameter), downed coarse woody debris (CWDlog), and standing or suspended coarse woody debris (CWDsnag), contributes to forest carbon cycling; however, few studies have considered effects of differences in DOM types on the stand-scale estimates of carbon stocks of necromass and CO2 efflux (R-stand). This study investigated characteristics of necromass and R-stand in a subtropical forest in Okinawa Island, Japan, to quantify the effect of DOM type on total necromass, total R-stand, and estimate error of total necromass and R-stand. The CWDsnag accounted for the highest proportion (54%) of total necromass (1499.7 g C m(-2)), followed by CWDlog (24%), FWD (11%), and leaf litter (11%). Leaf litter accounted for the highest proportion (37%) of total R-stand (340.6 g C m(-2) year(-1)), followed by CWDsnag (25%), CWDlog (20%), and FWD (17%). The CWDsnag was distributed locally with 173% coefficient of variation for necromass, which was twofold higher than those of leaf litter and FWD (72%-73%). The potential error in CWD accounted for 99% and 79% estimate error for total necromass and R-stand, respectively. For the estimates of CWDsnag and CWDlog necromass with the estimates error of <10% in this study area, sampling areas of >= 28,750 m(2) and >= 2058-42,875 m(2), respectively, were required. Our results showed that CWD considerably contributed to stand-scale carbon stocks and efflux among aboveground DOM in this forest, resulting in a major source of errors in the stand-scale estimates.

DOI： 10.1111/1440-1703.12317

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DOI： 10.1186/s13256-022-03552-y

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

The occurrence of extreme warm events and early snowmelt is predicted to increase in high-latitude ecosystems, even during periods of time when there is no coincident reduction in total precipitation. However, because extreme events like these occur unpredictably, little is known about how advancing snowmelt by a single extreme warm event, without a reduction in precipitation amount, influences overstory trees and understory vegetation simultaneously in an ecosystem. We conducted a warming experiment (four 20 x 20 m plots) in temperate forests of Japan to determine the effects of earlier snowmelt on both understory dwarf bamboo plants and overstory birch trees. Our experimental treatment advanced snowmelt by about 10 days and increased soil temperatures that were associated with increased rates of soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification. Furthermore, these changes led to lower C:N ratios of leaves together with the greater growth of understory bamboo vegetation, with no changes in leaf C:N or growth rates of overstory birch trees. Together, our results demonstrate that advancing snowmelt by an extreme warm event in temperate forests is likely to affect N cycling and will benefit understory vegetation without a commensurate change in overstory vegetation, likely due to the increase in available soil N. These results also demonstrate that with the projected increase in the frequency of extreme warm events and advanced snowmelt, understory vegetation is likely to benefit more than overstory trees in Japanese temperate forests with heavy snow.

DOI： 10.1002/ecs2.4182

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Language：English   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.133.0_520

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Language：English   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.133.0_522

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Key message As the estimated parameters differed across samples, even from the same site, sample-based calibration is the recommended procedure. A trait-based approach (i.e., the use of structural parameters of the trees) would be an alternative procedure. The thermal dissipation method (TDM) is widely used for estimating transpiration by individual trees or stands. Although the importance of TDM calibration experiments is widely recognized, there is still no consensus on whether the calibration should be undertaken in practice for each species, site, or tree sample. The primary reason is that intraspecific variations in the fitting parameters have not been well examined in multiple sites. To address this, we performed TDM calibration experiments using 24 Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa samples collected from six regions in Japan and Taiwan. The sap flux density (F-d) based on the original TDM parameters was underestimated for most samples. Using a common set of parameters for 21 samples reduced the systematic underestimation. In addition, root mean square error (RMSE) was reduced by 44%. Site- and sample-based calibration reduced the RMSE by 69% and 75%, respectively. The estimated parameters for the samples varied, even among samples obtained from the same site. The recommended procedure is to obtain sample-specific parameters by performing a calibration experiment after measuring F-d under the target conditions. An alternative procedure is to use the parameters for other trees of the same species at the same site. Further, we discovered that one of the two parameters determined for each sample significantly correlated with the diameter/age ratio and height of the corresponding tree. A trait-based approach for predicting calibration parameters based on associated tree features allows the parameters to be determined without the need for calibration experiments.

DOI： 10.1007/s00468-022-02283-3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Compared to trees, little is known about the respiratory characteristics of bamboo, especially culm respiration. In this study, we measured the respiration rates of current year, 2, 3, and above 4-year-old Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) culms and examined its relation to culm morphology and anatomical structure. Current year culms had substantially higher respiration rates (1.9 ± 0.46 μmol m^–2 s^–1) compared to older culms (2, 3, and above 4-year-old average: 0.17 ± 0.09 μmol m^–2 s^–1). Culm wood density increased with age, with the concurrent thickening of parenchyma cell walls in the culm tissue. Nitrogen content in the culm tissue decreased with culm age. Both culm wood density and nitrogen content had significant relationships with culm respiration rate. On the other hand, culm height, wall thickness, and circumference did not affect culm respiration rate. Although bamboo culms did not change in size through the year, anatomical changes in the culm tissue that accompanied the aging of a culm affected the respiration. The culm age would have a significant effect on the evaluation of the respiratory characteristics of the bamboo forest. Our results suggested that young culms required a large amount of respiration to grow “inward” as cell wall thickening and also to maintain the relatively large amount of active tissue.

DOI： 10.3389/ffgc.2022.868732

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Exudation by fine roots generally varies with their morphological traits, but the effect of belowground resource availability on the root exudation via root morphological traits and biomass remains unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of morphological and physiological traits on root exudation rates and to estimate stand-scale exudation (Estand) by measuring the mass, length, and surface area of fine roots in a Moso bamboo forest. We measured root exudation as well as morphological and physiological traits in upper and lower plots on a slope with different belowground resource availability. The mean (± S.D.) root exudation rates per mass in the upper and lower slope were 0.049 ± 0.047 and 0.040 ± 0.059 mg C g-1 h-1, respectively, which were in the range of exudation found in woody forest ecosystems. We observed significant relationships between root exudation per mass and root respiration, as well as specific root length and surface area. In contrast, exudation per length and area did not correlate with morphological traits. The morphological traits did not differ between slope positions, resulting in no significant difference in root exudation per mass. Fine root biomass, length, and surface area on a unit ground basis were much higher in the lower than those in the upper slope positions. Estand was higher when estimated by mass than by length and area because the morphological effect on exudation was ignored when scaled using mass. Estand was 1.4-2.0-fold higher in the lower than that in upper slope positions, suggesting that the scaling parameters of mass, length, and area determined the Estand estimate more than the exudation rate per mass, length, and area. Regardless of scaling, Estand was much higher in the Moso bamboo forest than in other forest ecosystems because of a large fine-root biomass.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0266131

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Kyushu University Forests  

We investigated the first year damage caused by Japanese oak wilt which is a vector-borne disease transmitted by Platypus quercivorus in the Shiiba Research Forest, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. We found that 18 % of the Fagaceous trees in the study sites, excluding those of the genus Fagus, were damaged by Platypus quercivorus. The proportion of damaged trees per species was the highest for Lithocarpus edulis, but the mortality rate of damaged trees was the highest for Quercus crispula, raising concerns about significant changes in the forest ecosystem in the future. Differences in damage rates of individual tree species and tree DBH classes suggested that Platypus quercivorus may be selecting tree species and tree sizes. There is a possibility that Platypus quercivorus are migrating northward from the south side of the forest. It is necessary to observe the progress of the forest on the north side, which has not been damaged yet, and to study damage control methods and to restore vegetation after the damage has been controlled.

DOI： 10.15017/4776865

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Kyushu University Forests  

Long-term meteorological measurements were conducted in the period between June 1950 and June 2020, in Sawara district, Kyushu University. Although the meteorological data were partly shown in different types of annual reports in Kyushu University Forest, they have not been compiled as a long-term dataset yet. To confirm the data quality with measurement methodology through the whole measurement period, we synthesized the long-term meteorological data such as monthly air temperature and precipitation in Sawara. Also, we compared the meteorological data in Sawara with those of the Fukuoka meteorological observatory from the Japan Weather Association. Consequently, we found year-to-year differences of the relationships between the data measured in Sawara and the Fukuoka meteorological observatory, in particular, in the first stage of the measurements(i.e., ~1970's), probably resulting from measurement errors and changes in methodology in the period.

DOI： 10.15017/4776830

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Kyushu University Forests  

Since around 1980, soil erosion has been progressing due to the reduction of the understory vegetation caused by the overpopulation of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the Shiiba Research Forest, Kyushu University. The exposed tree roots can be used as an index of soil erosion. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the exposed roots and clarify the factors relating to the exposed root in the Siiba Research Forest. We investigated the vertical height from the soil surface to exposed roots (exposed root height) of Tsuga sieboldii, Quercus salicina, Quercus crispula, Fagus crenata, and Magnolia obovata. We evaluated the relationship between exposed root height and tree size, slope angle, and litter amount on the forest floor. Exposed roots tended to appear downslope of the study trees. The maximum exposed root height of all tree species was 17.1±6.5cm. Regardless of tree species, the maximum exposed root height was positively correlated with tree height (Pearson correlation coefficient: r=0.35, p= 0.07) and negatively correlated with litter amount (r=－0.35, p= 0.07). These results suggested that extent of soil erosion around trees and among trees were spatially heterogeneous, especially strong in around trees with high tree height and low litter amount on the forest floor.

DOI： 10.15017/4776829

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan  

It is challenging to estimate isoprene emissions from plants and determine the basal isoprene emission rate (i.e., isoprene emission capacity under a specific light and leaf temperature) of plant species. Previous studies have investigated the effect of physiological factors on isoprene emission capacity; however, the effect of leaf morphology on isoprene emission capacity has seldom been mentioned. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the basal isoprene emission rate and leaf mass per area (LMA) of a woody bamboo (<I>Phyllostachys pubescens</I>). Since there was no observation of isoprene emission from low-LMA leaves of <I>P. pubescens</I>, we conducted measurements on culms exhibiting lower LMA (27.5-47.9 g m<SUP>-2</SUP>). By observing leaf-scale isoprene emission flux under a specific incident light (1000 μmol m<SUP>-2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>) and temperature (30 °C) to represent basal isoprene emission fluxes, we found a series of varied area-based isoprene emission rate among leaves (1.4-32.2 nmol m<SUP>-2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>) and a strong correlation between area-based isoprene emission rate and LMA without any distinction between culms. A further comparison with other studies demonstrated that even for the culms that exhibited larger LMA and isoprene emission flux, a generally consistent pattern in the relation of area-isoprene emission flux and LMA could be found across these sites. This result suggests the importance of detecting LMA in the determination of the basal isoprene emission rate, which can improve the current emission estimation method.

DOI： 10.2480/agrmet.D-21-00030

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DOI： 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108659

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DOI： 10.1080/13416979.2021.1965280

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Repository Public URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4377828

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DOI： 10.15017/4377826

Repository Public URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4377826

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DOI： 10.3390/f11111227

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DOI： 10.1080/13416979.2020.1759884

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Repository Public URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/3051274

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DOI： 10.1093/treephys/tpz143

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DOI： 10.1093/treephys/tpz143

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DOI： 10.1007/s11104-019-04203-w

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DOI： 10.1007/s11104-019-04203-w

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DOI： 10.1093/treephys/tpz022

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DOI： 10.1007/s11104-018-03929-3

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DOI： 10.3390/f10010036

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DOI： 10.1093/treephys/tpy124

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DOI： 10.2480/agrmet.D-17-00019

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DOI： 10.1093/treephys/tpy124

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DOI： 10.1002/eco.1709

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DOI： 10.1007/s10310-016-0532-7

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DOI： 10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.140

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DOI： 10.1007/s11270-015-2701-2

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DOI： 10.1093/treephys/tpu041

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DOI： 10.1007/s10265-012-0544-0

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00907.x

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DOI： 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.05.007

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DOI： 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.014

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Event date： 2022.5

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Venue：福岡市（   Country：Japan  

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Venue：福岡市（オンライン）   Country：Japan  

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Venue：福岡市（オンライン）   Country：Japan  

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Venue：福岡市（オンライン）   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

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Venue：名古屋市名城大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

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Venue：名古屋市名城大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋市名城大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.5

Language：Japanese  

Venue：神戸市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.5

Language：Japanese  

Venue：神戸市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.5

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.5

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.5

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.5

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.5

Language：Japanese  

Venue：新潟朱鷺メッセ   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.5

Language：Japanese  

Venue：新潟朱鷺メッセ   Country：Japan  

Venue：藤沢市  

Venue：名古屋市  

Venue：札幌市  

Country：Austria  

Country：Austria  

Country：Austria  

Country：Austria  

Venue：名古屋市  

Venue：東京都  

Venue：東京都  

Venue：東京都  

Venue：鹿児島市  

Venue：鹿児島市  

Venue：鹿児島市  

Venue：札幌市  

Venue：札幌市  

Venue：札幌市  

Venue：高知市  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

九州ではシカの採食が下層植生の減少、不嗜好性樹種の増加、上層木の枯死等、森林の植生構造を変化させており、炭素量を減少させる可能性がある。本研究は九州大学宮崎演習林で採食の軽度な林分（LG）と過度な林分（HG）の炭素量（上層木、下層植生、落葉、落枝、枯死木、細根）を比較した。HGは下層植生の無い林分（HG-nu）、不嗜好性低木の優占林（HG-ud）、ギャップ地（HG-gap）に分けた。総炭素量はLG（13423.7 g C m-2）、HG-nu（12246.8）、HG-ud（6005.0）、HG-gap（5128.7）の順に大きかった。これは主に上層木の炭素量の差に起因し、HG-ud（5118.2 g C m-2）とHG-gap（2028.9）の値は、LG（10771.4）より50％以上少なかった。下層植生の炭素量はHG（3.5～81.1 g C m-2）がLG（634.5）より83％以上少なかった。また、落葉，落枝の炭素量はHG（計186.1～372.1 g C m-2）がLG（535.4）より31％以上少なかった。落葉，落枝量は上層木・下層植生の量と正の相関があった。枯死木と細根の炭素量はHG-gapを除き処理間で差は無かった。以上から、シカによる植生変化は、植物バイオマスの損失とそれに続く微細枯死物の減少に起因する地上部炭素量の低下を引き起こした。

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

九州山地では、シカによる食害で下層植生が消失し、その後の激しい土壌の露出と侵食が引き起こることにより、土壌生態系が劣化する可能性がある。土壌生態系衰退の防止や生物多様性の維持には防鹿柵の設置が効果的であるが、土壌中の微生物（真菌類と細菌類）の多様性や機能性がどの程度維持されているかについてはわかっていない。そこで本研究は、ササが繁茂する柵内とササが消失した柵外におけるブナ樹冠下の環境および土壌中の微生物相の違いを明らかにすることを目的とした。調査は熊本県あさぎり町の白髪岳山頂付近において、2005年より設置された防鹿柵内外で行った。柵内外のブナの個体周辺の環境を測定したところ、柵内のササ密度およびリター量は、柵外に比べて高かった。樹冠下の土壌DNAの解析の結果、真菌類のα多様性が柵内の方が有意に高く、β多様性は真菌類と細菌類ともに柵内外で有意な差があったが、機能性は真菌類と細菌類ともに柵内外で差がなかった。柵を設置することで、下層植生、土壌微生物の多様性を保全する効果がみられた一方で、柵外の土壌微生物の機能性は異なる種構成ながら維持されていることがわかった。

Venue：神戸市  

Venue：神戸市  

Venue：東京都  

Venue：東京都  

Venue：東京都  

Venue：東京都  

Venue：松山市  

Venue：大阪市  

Venue：札幌市  

Country：United States  

Venue：東京都  

Country：United States  

Venue：松山市  

Venue：盛岡市  

Venue：福岡市  

Venue：さいたま市  

Venue：さいたま市  

Country：Other  

Country：Other  

Venue：鹿児島市  

Venue：札幌市  

Venue：仙台市  

Venue：仙台市  

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Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：English  

<S3-1> Carbon allocation of tropical rainforest in Lambir, Borneo

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.127.0_406

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

御手洗水試験流域は、福岡県糟屋郡篠栗町の九州大学農学部附属演習林内に設置されており、2003年以降、流量および気象データが継続的に観測されている。本試験流域の地質は三郡変成岩類中層部の緑色片岩と北部九州に分布する三郡変成岩帯に部分的に含まれる蛇紋岩である。本試験地はヒノキ人工林および常緑・落葉の混交二次林で覆われており、ヒノキ人工林では2012年1月～3月にかけて本数間伐率50&#37;の強度間伐が行われた。本試験流域の観測結果は2003年から2007年の5年分についてはすでに公開されており、本報告は間伐後の1年間を含む2008年から2012年の日単位の流量データ、気象データを取りまとめたものである。

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.124.0.761.0

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：4

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：6

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：4

Type：Peer review 

Number of peer-reviewed articles in foreign language journals：3

Audience： General,　Scientific,　Company,　Civic organization,　Governmental agency

Type：Lecture