Language：English   Publisher：Journal of Neurochemistry  

Stress is a significant cause of mental disorders, for which effective treatments remain limited due to an insufficient understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms. Recent research has increasingly focused on non-neuronal cells to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying psychopathology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, respond to peripherally derived stress-related factors and how these responses contribute to the development of mental disorders. A more comprehensive understanding of stress-induced alterations, with careful consideration of the type and timing of stress exposure, will provide fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of diverse stress-related mental disorders. (Figure presented.).

DOI： 10.1111/jnc.16262

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Publisher：Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology  

Blood–tissue barriers play crucial roles in specialized tissues such as the central nervous system (CNS), eye, testis, and placenta. Tissue-resident macrophages in these tissues are indispensable for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to pathological conditions. Recent advances in high-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell analysis techniques, coupled with fate-mapping tools, have revealed a remarkable diversity of tissue-resident macrophages at the blood–tissue barrier. However, while comprehensive expression profiling has revealed the heterogeneity of macrophages within individual tissues, the commonalities of macrophages across anatomically similar structures like blood–tissue barriers remain poorly understood. This review focuses on the diversity and functional specialization of macrophages in tissues with blood–tissue barriers, highlighting recent insights into their anatomical distribution, developmental origins, phenotypic characteristics, and roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis. These findings may deepen our understanding of macrophage adaptation mechanisms in tissues with blood–tissue barriers, potentially leading to improved therapies for related disorders. Furthermore, examining the similarities and differences of macrophages across tissues may elucidate the molecular underpinnings of tissue-specific adaptation mechanisms and functional specialization.

DOI： 10.1111/cen3.12812

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)愛知県理学療法学会  

【目的】本研究の目的は,理学療法士に対するアンケート調査により,認知症患者への痛み評価の現状把握と問題点の抽出を行うことであった.【方法】理学療法士646名に回答を求めた.アンケートはGoogle Formsにて作成し,質問は16項目であった.【結果】188名より回答が得られた(有効回答数187).認知症患者に対する痛み評価の経験がある者は176名であり,痛み評価に困った者は173名で,主に評価結果の信頼性の低さに課題を感じていた.認知症患者に特化した痛み評価指標を知っている者は8名,その使用経験がある者はわずか4名であった.【結論】認知症患者の痛みの評価に難渋していた理学療法士の割合が多かった.認知症患者に特化した痛み評価指標は信頼性が確認されているが,臨床での認知度や使用率が極めて低い問題が明らかとなった.今後,学術や教育活動を通して認知症患者に特化した痛み評価指標を理学療法士に知ってもらう必要がある.(著者抄録)