記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：American Journal of Emergency Medicine  

Patients with infectious diseases including sepsis can develop ST segment changes on an electrocardiogram (ECG) in the absence of coronary artery disease. However, ST elevation with “reciprocal ST segment depression (RSTD)”, which is recognized as a specific finding for ST-elevated myocardial infarction, is rare in such patients. Although a small number of cases have reported ST-segment elevation in gastritis, cholecystitis, and sepsis, regardless of coronary artery disease, none presented with reciprocal changes. Here, we describe a rare case of a patient with emphysematous pyelonephritis complicating septic shock who developed ST elevation accompanied by reciprocal changes with no coronary occlusion. Emergency physicians should consider the possibility of acute coronary syndrome mimicking, and choose non-invasive diagnostic procedures when investigating the causes of ECG abnormalities associated with critically ill patients.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.06.038

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Hypertension Research  

The activation of sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in the development of hypertension. The input from afferent renal nerves may affect central sympathetic outflow; however, its contribution to the development of hypertension remains unclear. We investigated the role of afferent renal nerves in acute and chronic blood pressure regulation using normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Acute chemical stimulation of afferent renal nerves elicited larger increases in blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity in young 9-week-old SHRSP compared to WKY. Selective afferent renal denervation (ARDN) and conventional total renal denervation (TRDN) ablating both afferent and efferent nerves in young SHRSP revealed that only TRDN, but not ARDN, chronically attenuated blood pressure elevation. ARDN did not affect plasma renin activity or plasma angiotensin II levels, whereas TRDN decreased both. Neither TRDN nor ARDN affected central sympathetic outflow and systemic sympathetic activity determined by neuronal activity in the parvocellular region of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and rostral ventrolateral medulla and by plasma and urinary norepinephrine levels, respectively. Renal injury was not apparent in young SHRSP compared with WKY, suggesting that renal afferent input might not be activated in young SHRSP. In conclusion, the chronic input from afferent renal nerves does not contribute to the development of hypertension in SHRSP despite the increased blood pressure response to the acute stimulation of afferent renal nerves. Efferent renal nerves may be involved in the development of hypertension via activation of the renin-angiotensin system in SHRSP.

DOI： 10.1038/s41440-022-01091-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Nature Publishing Group  

交感神経興奮を伴う本態性高血圧のモデルである脳卒中易発症性高血圧自然発症ラット(SHRSP)において、対照のWistar-Kyotoラット(WKY)と比較して、腎求心性神経の急性刺激が血圧上昇や交感神経緊張に与える影響について検討した。腎求心性神経の急性化学刺激により、9週齢の若年SHRSPラットではWKYラットに比べて、血圧や腎交感神経活動の大きな上昇が認められた。若年SHRSPラットにおいて、腎求心性神経を選択的に除神経する方法(ARDN)と求心性・遠心性両神経を除神経する方法(TRDN)を行った。その結果、TRDNのみが慢性的に血圧上昇を抑制した。ARDNは血漿レニン活性や血漿アンジオテンシンII濃度に影響を与えなかったが、TRDNは両者を低下させた。TRDNとARDNは、視床下部室傍核と吻側延髄腹外側野の小細胞性領域のニューロン活動や血漿と尿中のノルエピネフリン濃度によって決定される中枢交感神経流出や全身交感神経活性に影響を与えなかった。腎障害はWKYラットと比較して若年SHRSPラットでは明らかではなかったことから、若年SHRSPラットでは腎求心性入力が活性化していない可能性が示唆された。以上より、SHRSPラットでは、腎求心性神経を急性刺激すると血圧が上昇するにもかかわらず、腎求心性神経からの慢性的な入力は高血圧の発症に寄与していないことが示唆された。

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of International Medical Research  

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between parameters measured by bedside ultrasonography and detection of intracranial organic lesions in patients with impaired consciousness in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were admitted to our ICU from April 2017 to July 2019. Patients who underwent computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examination and measurement of the flow velocity of the carotid and intracranial arteries and the optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasonography were selected for analysis. Results: In total, 64 patients were analyzed in this study. Of these, intracranial lesions were detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in 17 (27%) patients. The left:right ratio of the end-diastolic velocity of the bilateral common carotid artery (CCA-ED ratio) and the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery (MCA-PI) were significantly higher in patients with than in those without intracranial lesions. The cut-off value of the CCA-ED ratio was 1.55 (sensitivity, 66.7%; specificity, 81.6%), and that of the MCA-PI was 1.21 (sensitivity, 57.1%; specificity, 76.7%). Conclusion: Bedside ultrasonography is useful for predicting intracranial lesions requiring therapeutic intervention in ICU patients with impaired consciousness.

DOI： 10.1177/03000605221119358

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Emergency Medicine  

Background: Previous studies have shown an association between hyperoxemia and mortality in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); however, evidence is lacking in the extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyperoxemia is associated with poor neurological outcomes in patients treated by ECPR. Methods: The Japanese Association for Acute Medicine OHCA Registry is a multicenter, prospective, observational registry of patients from 2014 to 2017. Adult (18 years or older) patients who had undergone ECPR after OHCA were included. Eligible patients were divided into two groups based on the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) levels at 24 h after ECPR: the high-PaO2 group (n = 242) defined as PaO2 ≥ 157 mm Hg (median) and the low-PaO2 group (n = 211) defined as PaO2 60 to < 157 mm Hg. The primary outcome was the favorable neurological outcome, defined as a Cerebral Performance Categories Scale score of 1 to 2 at 30 days after OHCA. Results: Of 34,754 patients with OHCA, 453 patients were included. The neurological outcome was significantly lower in the high-PaO2 group than in the low-PaO2 group (15.9 vs. 33.5%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, high PaO2 was negatively associated with favorable neurological outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.97; p = 0.040). In a multivariate analysis with multiple imputation, high PaO2 was also negatively associated with favorable neurological outcomes (aOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.49–0.81; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia was associated with worse neurological outcomes in OHCA patients with ECPR.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.05.018

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care  

Aims: The delayed administration of epinephrine has been proven to worsen the neurological outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and shockable rhythm or asystole. We aimed to investigate whether the delayed administration of epinephrine might also worsen the neurological outcomes of patients with witnessed OHCA and initial pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Methods and results: The JAAM-OHCA Registry is a multicentre registry including OHCA patients between 2014 and 2017. Patients with emergency medical services (EMS)-treated OHCA and initial PEA rhythm were included. The primary exposure was the time from the EMS call to the administration of epinephrine. The secondary exposure was the time to epinephrine dichotomized as early (≤15 min) or delayed (>15 min). The primary outcome was the achievement of a favourable neurological outcome, defined as Cerebral Performance Categories Scale 1-2 at 30 days after OHCA. Out of 34-754 patients with OHCA, 3050 patients were included in the present study. After adjusting for potential confounders, the delayed administration of the epinephrine was associated with a lower likelihood of achieving a favourable neurological outcome [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-0.99; P = 0.016]. The percentage of patients who achieved a favourable neurological outcome in the delayed epinephrine group was lower than that in the early epinephrine group (1.3% vs. 4.7%; adjusted OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.15-0.72; P = 0.005). A restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated that delayed epinephrine administration could decrease the likelihood of achieving a favourable neurological outcome; this was significant within the first 10 min. Conclusions: The delayed administration of epinephrine was associated with worse neurological outcomes in patients with witnessed OHCA patients with initial PEA.

DOI： 10.1093/ehjacc/zuac026

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：BMC Cardiovascular Disorders  

Background: To investigate the impact of hyperoxia that developed immediately after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) on patients’ short-term neurological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from the Japanese OHCA registry from June 2014 to December 2017. We analyzed adult patients (≥ 18 years) who had undergone ECPR. Eligible patients were divided into the following three groups based on their initial partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) levels after ECMO pump-on: normoxia group, PaO2 ≤ 200 mm Hg; moderate hyperoxia group, 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ≤ 400 mm Hg; and extreme hyperoxia group, PaO2 > 400 mm Hg. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30-day favorable neurological outcomes. Logistic regression statistical analysis model of 30-day favorable neurological outcomes was performed after adjusting for multiple propensity scores calculated using pre-ECPR covariates and for confounding factors post-ECPR. Results: Of the 34,754 patients with OHCA enrolled in the registry, 847 were included. The median PaO2 level was 300 mm Hg (interquartile range: 148–427 mm Hg). Among the eligible patients, 277, 313, and 257 were categorized as normoxic, moderately hyperoxic, and extremely hyperoxic, respectively. Moderate hyperoxia was not significantly associated with 30-day neurologically favorable outcomes compared with normoxia as a reference (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.55–1.35; p = 0.51). However, extreme hyperoxia was associated with less 30-day neurologically favorable outcomes when compared with normoxia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.29–0.82; p = 0.007). Conclusions: For patients with OHCA who received ECPR, extreme hyperoxia (PaO2 > 400 mm Hg) was associated with 30-day poor neurological outcomes. Avoidance of extreme hyperoxia may improve neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA treated with ECPR.

DOI： 10.1186/s12872-022-02598-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

出版者・発行元：Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis  

Recombinant antithrombin gamma (rAT) is reported as an effective drug for patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in Japan. As the appropriate dose and targeted AT activity remain unknown, this study aimed to determine these aspects for sepsis-induced DIC. Thirty-one patients with septic shock and DIC with AT levels <70% were treated with rAT between May 2018 and December 2020. The recovery rates from DIC were 32.2% and 63.3% on day 3 and 5 post administration, respectively. Recovery and survival rates were significantly higher in patients who achieved AT activity ≥70% or 80% on day 3 post administration. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the cutoff values of post-treatment AT activity on day 3 for 28-day survival and 5-day recovery from DIC were 79.5% and 81.5%, respectively. Patients who did not achieve AT activity ≥80% on day 3 presented a lower base level of AT activity and lower dose supplementation. Our results suggest that targeted AT activity should be at least 70%, and ideally 80%, and sufficient doses to maintain this activity are required to achieve better outcomes.

DOI： 10.1177/10760296221135790

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/10641963.2018.1465075

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.09.018

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3109/10641963.2014.897719

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835613d7

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834e1df4