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DOI： https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.15187

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DOI： 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9

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DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.14007

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DOI： 10.1038/s41467-018-03845-1

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.09.030

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DOI： 10.1111/pin.12305

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.07.025

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DOI： 10.1007/s11262-013-1023-y

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.026

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DOI： 10.1002/cam4.70445

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cancer Science  

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) has a favorable objective response rate to anti-PD-1 drugs compared with other sarcomas. Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is a favorable prognostic factor and a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nevertheless, there are limited data on the tumor microenvironment (TME) to support a good response to ICIs in sarcoma. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of TLS on prognosis and TME. A total of 52 of UPS with wide resection were divided into intratumoral TLS, extratumoral TLS, and without TLS groups. Survival analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate immune cells and immune checkpoint molecules, and multiplexed immunofluorescence was conducted to evaluate T-cell exhaustion among the three groups. TLS was detected in 34 cases (65%), including 23 intratumoral TLS (44%) and 11 extratumoral TLS (21%) cases. Patients with TLS had significantly longer overall survival than those without TLS (log rank p = 0.020). The intratumoral TLS group had a significantly higher number of immune cells and higher expression of PD-L1 and IDO-1 than the without TLS group. Progenitor-exhausted T cells were also observed in patients with UPS. In conclusion, these findings could help predict prognosis in patients with UPS. TLS was demonstrated to be a favorable prognostic factor in patients with UPS. Intratumoral TLS may be a biomarker for the response to ICIs, especially anti-PD-1 drugs.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.70018

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology  

PURPOSE: Congenital mesoblastic nephromas (CMN) are histologically classified into classical, cellular, and mixed subtypes. Most cellular CMNs harbor ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusions, and classic and mixed CMNs harbor EGFR internal tandem duplications (EGFR-ITDs). Classic CMNs are considered benign, whereas recurrent or metastatic diseases occur in the cellular subtypes. Direct identification of mutations is desirable for an accurate diagnosis. However, molecular genetic analyses cannot be performed in a number of histopathology laboratories. This study aimed to investigate a surrogate marker for the accurate histological classification of CMN. METHODS: Overall, 11 CMN cases diagnosed at our institute were included in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed for the NTRK gene fusion and EGFR-ITDs in all cases. Comprehensive mRNA analysis was performed using the nCounter® Gene Expression Assay. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed based on the gene expression levels. Immunohistochemical evaluation was conducted for the expression of p-Mek1/2, p-Erk1/2, and EGFR. RESULTS: PCA revealed differences in mutation patterns between the EGFR-ITDs and NTRK fusion tumor groups. Gene ontology analysis of the highly expressed genes in the EGFR-ITDs tumor group revealed enrichment related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. p-Mek1/2 and p-Erk1/2 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the EGFR-ITDs tumor group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.017, respectively). EGFR immunoreactivity is not a useful marker for CMN with EGFR-ITD. CONCLUSION: p-Mek1/2 and p-Erk1/2 immunoreactivity may be useful markers for EGFR-ITDs. Thus, MEK1/2 inhibitors possess the potential to be used as a targeted therapy for CMN with EGFR-ITDs.

DOI： 10.1007/s00432-025-06116-x

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AIMS: Amyloid deposition in myocardial tissue is a definitive feature for diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis, though less invasive imaging modalities such as bone tracer cardiac scintigraphy and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have been established as first steps for its diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model to support the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis from haematoxylin/eosin (HE)-stained myocardial tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS: This single-centre retrospective observational study enrolled 166 patients who underwent myocardial biopsies between 2008 and 2022, including 76 patients diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis and 90 with other diagnoses. A deep learning model was developed to output the probabilities of cardiac amyloidosis for all the small patches cutout from each myocardial specimen. The developed model highlighted the area in the stained images as highly suspicious, corresponding to where Dylon staining marked amyloid deposition, and discriminated the patches in the evaluation dataset with an area under the curve of 0.965. Provided that the diagnostic criterion for cardiac amyloidosis was defined as a median probability of cardiac amyloidosis >50% in all patches, the model achieved perfect performance in discriminating patients with cardiac amyloidosis from those without it, with an area under the curve of 1.0. CONCLUSION: A deep learning model was developed to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis from HE-stained myocardial tissue accurately. Although further prospective validation of this model using HE-stained myocardial tissues from multiple centres is needed, it may help minimize the risk of missing cardiac amyloidosis and maximize the utility of histological diagnosis in clinical practice.

DOI： 10.1093/ehjimp/qyae141

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cancer Science  

Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is a rare and aggressive tumor, and the development of its sarcomatous component is believed to be due to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The SWIch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin remodeling factor (CRF) is closely related to EMT; however, the relationship between CRF and EMT in OCS remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the protein expression of CRFs, including ARID1A and SMARCA4, and their downstream mRNA expression in 28 OCS cases, two fallopian tube CS cases, and one peritoneal CS case. ARID1A and SMARCA4 exhibited a histological type-specific loss of protein expression in 5 of 11 (45%) endometrioid cases and all 5 serous/homologous OCS cases, respectively. The mRNA analysis suggested that sarcomatogenesis is induced by the transforming growth factor-β and Hippo signaling pathways, both of which regulate YAP1. Immunostaining for YAP1 suggested YAP1-associated sarcomatogenesis in the CRF-retained group, whereas YAP1-unassociated sarcomatogenesis was suggested in the CRF-reduced group. High-grade serous carcinoma cell line experiments showed that the transcriptome of the SMARCA4-knockdown group showed lower expression of the epithelial gene CDH1 and higher expression of mesenchymal genes such as VIM, ZEB1, and SNAI1 than the control group. Moreover, cell adhesion disappeared and cell morphology changed to a spindle shape, indicating sarcomatogenesis. In conclusion, this study reveals a mechanism for sarcoma development in OCS and provides novel therapeutic possibilities.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.16423

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine  

<p>Nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma (nTFHL), a hematologic neoplasm originating from T-follicular helper (TFH) cells, occasionally presents with pulmonary radiographic abnormalities, without neoplastic cellular infiltration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying non-neoplastic pulmonary opacities in patients with nTFHL remain unclear. Previous reports have shown that TFH cell abnormalities are associated with collagen disease and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). We herein report a patient with nTFHL accompanied by interstitial pneumonia diagnosed via lung and lymph node biopsies. These findings suggest the need to rule out nTFHL before diagnosing IPAF. </p>

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.3601-24

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Annals of Surgical Oncology  

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis is a cell death caused by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Transferrin receptor (TFR) is a ferroptosis-related protein responsible for iron transport. The detailed biologic role of TFR in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is not fully elucidated. METHODS: The study enrolled 92 ICC patients who had undergone hepatic resection. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were performed for TFR protein expression. The regulation of malignant activity and the effect on sensitivity to the ferroptosis-inducer artesunate by TFR were investigated in vitro. RESULTS: Using IHC staining, 23 patients were categorized as TFR-positive. The TFR-positive group had a significantly larger tumor size and more microscopic vascular invasion. In the multivariate analysis, TFR positivity was an independent poor prognostic factor. In vitro TFR-knockdown (KD) significantly decreased the intracellular iron levels and the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion rates. Artesunate treatment significantly decreased cell viability, whereas cisplatin promoted ferroptosis. When iron transport into cells was inhibited by TFR-KD, ferroptosis was significantly suppressed. Expression of PD-L1 was induced by cisplatin, with a further increase observed when artesunate and cisplatin were used in combination. CONCLUSIONS: Transferrin receptor is a poor prognostic factor for ICC and contributes to sensitivity to ferroptosis.

DOI： 10.1245/s10434-024-16065-3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cardio-Oncology  

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved cancer treatment. With the increasing use of ICIs, ICI-related myocarditis has been recognized. However, an evidence-based therapeutic strategy has not been established because of the limited knowledge on ICI-related myocarditis. Here, we present four cases of ICI-related fulminant myocarditis (FM). Three of the four cases resulted in fatal outcomes despite aggressive treatment with mechanical circulatory support and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids. Given the poor prognosis of ICI-FM, the establishment of rapid and adequate therapeutic interventions on the basis of clinical and pathological evaluation is imperative.

DOI： 10.1186/s40959-024-00288-0

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cancer Science  

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma characterized by cutaneous lesions and immunologic manifestations. The five-year survival rate of SPTCL has been reported to be over 80%, indicating a favorable prognosis. Recent studies have uncovered recurrent germline variants in HAVCR2, encoding an immunomodulator. In this study, we integrated whole-exome sequencing data from 60 samples collected from 36 SPTCL patients, encompassing six patients of our cohort and 30 patients of publicly available data. We identified 138 somatic mutations in skin tumors of 24 patients and HAVCR2 germline mutations in 23 of 29 patients. HAVCR2 p.Tyr82Cys mutations were identified in four of six Japanese patients. During the clinical courses of four patients, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, vincristine, and prednisone were administered to all patients, but it resulted in incomplete responses in all four patients. However, disease conditions of all patients remained stable with additional treatment, including autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Over a 7.5-year median follow-up, one patient developed autoimmune-related diseases, while one developed other hematological malignancy, resulting in death. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recurrent HAVCR2 germline mutations in Japanese patients, suggesting the necessity for long-term follow-up.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.16345

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cancer Cytopathology  

BACKGROUND: A standardized reporting system for bone and soft tissue tumor cytopathology has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to explore the potential utility of a classification modified from the Milan System for Salivary Gland Cytopathology and compared it with the upcoming World Health Organization (WHO) system for fine-needle aspiration of soft tissue lesions. METHODS: The authors reviewed 285 cytology cases of bone/joint (n = 173) and soft tissue (n = 112) lesions, scoring each within diagnostic categories. The results were compared with histologic diagnoses and the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category, and diagnostic reliability was analyzed. RESULTS: All 285 cases were successfully classified into one of the following categories: nondiagnostic (6.3%), non-neoplastic (11.9%), atypia of uncertain significance (11.9%), benign neoplasm (5.6%), bone and soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (25.3%), suspicious for malignancy (1.4%), and malignant (37.5%). The ROM was 44.4% (eight of /18 cases) in nondiagnostic, 0% (zero of 34 cases) in non-neoplastic, 32.4% (11 of 34 cases) in atypia of uncertain significance, 0% (zero of 16 cases) in benign neoplasm, 16.7% (12 of 72 cases) in bone and soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, 75.0% (three of four cases) in suspicious for malignancy, and 100% (107 of 107 cases) in malignant categories. Using the WHO system, the proportion and ROM of the benign category (non-neoplastic and benign neoplasm) was 17.5% and 0%, respectively. Among benign and malignant lesions, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting malignancy were 99.4%, 100%, and 98.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Milan system as well as the WHO system may be a useful cytopathologic classification tool for both bone and soft tissue lesions.

DOI： 10.1002/cncy.22888

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Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

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Although placental mammals are at high risk of maternal–fetal immune conflict, it is unclear how the semi-allogeneic fetus avoids rejection. Cholesterol sulfate (CS) is a bioactive metabolite that inhibits leukocyte migration and activation. This study investigated the roles and cells associated with CS in pregnant mice and humans. CS was sequentially produced by maternal-derived endometrial cells and fetal-derived placental trophoblasts before and after placentation. When mated with allogeneic males, CS-deficient mice showed increased fetal resorption rates under induced placental inflammation. This phenotype disappeared when the activity of the CS-producing enzyme was restored in the placenta. Placental CS levels were reduced in patients with “villitis of unknown etiology.” Thus, we uncovered the spatiotemporal control of CS production and its relevance to local immunosuppression during pregnancy.

DOI： 10.1101/2024.10.11.617779

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Virchows Archiv  

In papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP), the status of chromosomal copy number alterations, especially chromosomes 7/17 gain and chromosome Y loss, has remained controversial. In the literatures, there is a discrepancy among the results of chromosomal alteration in PRNRP depending on the analytical methods. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the status of chromosomal abnormalities in PRNRP. Nineteen PRNRP cases were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), five of which were additionally subjected to array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis. Fifteen cases of PRCC were used as controls. From the aCGH results, no genome copy number abnormalities were found in the five PRNRP cases. By FISH, numbers of nuclei with abnormal chromosomal signals in PRNRP (centromere 7 gain: 11-21% of nuclei, centromere 17 gain: 11% of nuclei, centromere Y loss: 14-31% of nuclei) were similar to those in non-neoplastic tubular cells (centromere 7 gain: 11-15% of nuclei, centromere 17 gain: 12-15% of nuclei, centromere Y loss: 13-45% of nuclei). c-MET immunohistochemical overexpression, a substitute marker for chromosome 7 trisomy, was observed in 0 of 19 PRNRP cases, consistent with the analyses by aCGH and NGS regarding chromosome 7 gain. Taken together, the frequency of chromosomal alterations in PRNRP is similar to that in non-neoplastic tubular cells, and lower than that in PRCC. Our data suggest that PRNRP has a different tumorigenesis and is a distinct entity from PRCC.

DOI： 10.1007/s00428-024-03840-6

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本臨床細胞学会-九州連合会  

目的 我々が開発したLIQUID BLOCKER法(LB法)で作製した尿細胞診標本の細胞形態評価と尿細胞診の診断感度の向上のため,疑陽性例,陽性例について,高異型度尿路上皮癌を疑う細胞所見の出現頻度について検討した.方法 術後病理組織診断が高異型度尿路上皮癌となった症例のうち,我々が開発したLIQUID BLOCKER法(LB法)で作製された自然尿細胞診にて術前診断が疑陽性例30例,陽性例19例の細胞診標本を用いた.細胞形態は,(1)背景所見(壊死,出血,炎症),(2)細胞の核所見(核形不整,細長い不整核,クロマチンの増量,粗いクロマチンパターン,明瞭な核小体,核偏在),(3)70%以上のN/C比,(4)pair cellについて評価した.成績 LB法において尿細胞診ガイドライン2015とパリシステムに採用された細胞所見は全て評価可能であった.疑陽性例において,全例認めた所見はクロマチン増量,粗いクロマチン,核偏在があった.また,パリシステムに採用された悪性を疑う細胞所見のすべてを満たす症例はなかった.背景所見では,疑陽性例73%,陽性例89%にいずれかの所見を認めたが,全ての背景所見を認めた症例は疑陽性例ではなく,陽性例では16%であった.また,背景所見のうち壊死を認めたのは疑陽性例0%(0/30例),陽性例で36.8%(7/19例)統計学的有意に陽性例で多かった.結語 疑陽性判定を減らし,より的確に陽性と判定するためには,背景所見,細胞所見などを組み合わせた複合的判断が必要である.(著者抄録)

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oncology Letters  

Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (OHGSC) is the most common type of ovarian cancer worldwide. Genome sequencing has identified mutations in chromatin remodeling factors (CRFs) in gynecological cancer, such as clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma and endometrial serous carcinoma. However, to the best of our knowledge, the association between CRFs and OHGSC remains unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of CRF dysfunction in OHGSC. CRF alterations were analyzed through numerous methods, including the analysis of public next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 585 ovarian serous carcinoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and DNA copy number assays, which were performed on 203 surgically resected OHGSC samples. In the public NGS dataset, the most frequent genetic alteration was actin-like protein 6A (ACTL6A) amplification at 19.5%. Switch/sucrose non-fermentable related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily c member 2 (SMARCC2) amplification (3.1%) was associated with significantly decreased overall survival (OS). In addition, chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4) amplification (5.7%) exhibited unfavorable outcome trends, although not statistically significant. IHC revealed the protein expression loss of ARID1A (2.5%), SMARCA2 (2.5%) and SMARCA4 (3.9%). The protein expression levels of ACTL6A, SMARCC2 and CHD4 were evaluated using H-score. Patients with low protein expression levels of ACTL6A showed a significantly decreased OS. Copy number gain or gene amplification was demonstrated in ACTL6A (66.2%) and SMARCC2 (33.5%), while shallow deletion or deep deletion was demonstrated in CHD4 (70.7%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in protein levels of these CRFs, between the different copy number alterations (CNAs). Overall, OHGSC exhibited CNAs and protein loss, indicating possible gene alterations in CRFs. Moreover, there was a significant association between the protein expression levels of ACTL6A and poor prognosis. Based on these findings, it is suggested that CRFs could serve as prognostic markers for OHGSC.

DOI： 10.3892/ol.2024.14329

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Virchows Archiv  

Currently, it is difficult to predict the prognosis of myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) in biopsy specimens. In this study, we determined whether nuclear morphology may be used to predict the prognosis of MLS in primary biopsy specimens. Two pathologists evaluated nuclear morphology using the modified WHO/ISUP and Fuhrman grades. Survival analyses were performed by grouping nuclear high- and low-grades. We examined 53 MLS cases, which included 29 (54.7%) male and 24 (45.3%) female patients with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range, 37 - 60). In total, 7 (13.2%) and 16 (30.2%) cases were assigned to the high nuclear grade group based on the modified WHO/ISUP and Fuhrman gradings, respectively. Survival analyses revealed a significantly worse disease-free survival in the high-grade group (hazard ratio (HR), 7.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.67-21.1, p < 0.001 by the modified WHO/ISUP grading; HR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.63-12.1, p = 0.001 by the modified Fuhrman grading). Moreover, the modified WHO/ISUP grade showed a significantly worse overall survival in the high-grade group (HR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.04-18.6, p = 0.028), and the modified Fuhrman grade exhibited a similar, but not significant, trend. Our results indicate that nuclear morphology grading is a good predictor of patient prognosis at the time of biopsy in MLS. Even when cell density is sparse, treatment strategies should be carefully considered when individual tumor cells exhibit atypical nuclei.

DOI： 10.1007/s00428-024-03796-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Human Pathology  

Several high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma cases that cannot be classified into any existing established categories have been reported. These cases were provisionally classified into undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). Some dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) cases may also have been classified into the UPS category due to the absence of MDM2 amplification or an atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma component. We retrieved and reviewed 77 high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma cases, initially diagnosed as UPS in 66 cases and DDLS in 11 cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of DDIT3 and MDM2 were performed for available cases. Of the cases successfully subjected to DDIT3 FISH (n = 56), nine (7 UPS and 2 DDLS) showed DDIT3 amplification but no MDM2 amplification. Two UPS cases showed both telomeric (5') and centromeric (3') amplification of DDIT3 or low polysomy of chromosome 12, whereas 5 UPS and 2 DDLS cases showed 5'-predominant DDIT3 amplification. Histopathologically, all cases showed UPS-like proliferation of atypical pleomorphic tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, only one case showed focal nuclear positivity for DDIT3, supporting the previous finding that DDIT3 expression was not correlated with DDIT3 amplification. All three cases with focal MDM2 expression involved 5'-predominant amplification, two of which showed DDLS-like histological features. The majority of cases (7/9) showed decreased expression in p53 staining, suggesting that DDIT3 amplification regulates the expression of TP53 like MDM2. From a clinicopathological perspective, we hypothesize that DDIT3-amplified sarcoma, especially with 5'-predominant amplification, can be reclassified out of the UPS category.

DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.02.007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Skeletal Radiology  

A glomus tumor is a benign mesenchymal tumor comprised of cells that resemble the perivascular modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. Glomus tumors typically appear in the superficial lesions of the soft tissue in the extremities, such as the subungual region. However, their occurrence in the bone is rare, with only about 30 cases reported to date. Half of these cases involved the distal phalanges of the fingers or toes, with only three reported cases involving the long bones. Here, we present the first case, a primary glomus tumor in the humerus of a 14-year-old female. An osteolytic and cystic lesion was detected after a pathological fracture occurred during exercise. Despite the tumor's large size, no pathological findings indicated malignancy. The fracture healed through conservative treatment, while the tumor was effectively managed with curettage. Appropriate medical care can be provided to patients by focusing on pathological findings.

DOI： 10.1007/s00256-024-04604-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cancer Science  

TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is an important gene that encodes a regulatory enzyme of glycolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and is associated with worse prognosis in various cancers. Ferroptosis is a recently identified type of programmed cell death that is triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. There are no reports on the prognostic impact of TIGAR on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and its role in ferroptosis is unclear. Ninety ICC patients who had undergone hepatic resection were enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining for TIGAR was performed. The regulation of malignant activity by TIGAR and the association between ferroptosis and TIGAR were investigated in vitro. Twenty-two (24.4%) patients were categorized into TIGAR-high and -low groups by immunohistochemical staining. There were no noticeable differences in background factors between the two groups, but TIGAR positivity was an independent prognostic factor in disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.85, p = 0.0378) and overall survival (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.03-4.30, p = 0.00422) in a multivariate analysis. In vitro, TIGAR knockdown (KD) decreased cell motility (cell proliferation/migration/invasion/colony-forming capabilities) and elevated ROS and lipid peroxidation. This indicated that TIGAR KD induced ferroptosis. TIGAR KD-induced ferroptosis was suppressed using liproxstatin. TIGAR KD decreased the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, known as factor-suppressing ferroptosis. The combination of TIGAR KD with cisplatin significantly induced more ferroptosis. In conclusion, TIGAR is associated with poor outcomes in ICC patients and resistance to ferroptosis.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.15981

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Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

Background &amp; Aims

Recently, the association between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ferroptosis has been the focus of much attention. The expression of long chain fatty acyl‐CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4), a marker of ferroptosis, in tumour tissue is related to better prognosis in various cancers. In HCC, ACSL4 expression indicates poor prognosis and is related to high malignancy. However, the mechanism remains to be fully understood.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 358 patients with HCC who had undergone hepatic resection. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ACSL4 was performed. Factors associated with ASCL4 expression were investigated by spatial transcriptome analysis, and the relationships were investigated by IHC. The association between ACSL4 and the tumour immune microenvironment was examined in a public dataset and investigated by IHC.

Results

Patients were divided into ACSL4‐positive (n = 72, 20.1%) and ACSL4‐negative (n = 286, 79.9%) groups. ACSL4 positivity was significantly correlated with higher α‐fetoprotein (p = .0180) and more histological liver fibrosis (p = .0014). In multivariate analysis, ACSL4 positivity was an independent prognostic factor (p &lt; .0001). Spatial transcriptome analysis showed a positive correlation between ACSL4 and cancer‐associated fibroblasts; this relationship was confirmed by IHC. Evaluation of a public dataset showed the correlation between ACSL4 and exhausted tumour immune microenvironment; this relationship was also confirmed by IHC.

Conclusion

ACSL4 is a prognostic factor in HCC patients and its expression was associated with cancer‐associated fibroblasts and anti‐tumour immunity.

DOI： 10.1111/liv.15839

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers in Immunology  

B cell anergy plays a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance by inhibiting autoreactive B cell activation to prevent autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrated that Fc receptor-like 5 (Fcrl5) upregulation contributes to autoimmune disease pathogenesis by disrupting B cell anergy. Fcrl5-a gene whose homologs are associated with human autoimmune diseases-is highly expressed in age/autoimmunity-associated B cells (ABCs), an autoreactive B cell subset. By generating B cell-specific Fcrl5 transgenic mice, we demonstrated that Fcrl5 overexpression in B cells caused systemic autoimmunity with age. Additionally, Fcrl5 upregulation in B cells exacerbated the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease model. Furthermore, an increase in Fcrl5 expression broke B cell anergy and facilitated toll-like receptor signaling. Thus, Fcrl5 is a potential regulator of B cell-mediated autoimmunity by regulating B cell anergy. This study provides important insights into the role of Fcrl5 in breaking B cell anergy and its effect on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

DOI： 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276014

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Scientific Reports  

The pathogenesis of 80% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cases is associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Forkhead helix transcription factor P3 (FOXP3) and the T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT)-CD155 pathway, which are targets for immunotherapy, were assessed as prognostic factors of MCC. We analyzed mRNA expression data of 111 patients with MCC and performed immunohistochemical analysis to detect the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD8, FOXP3, TIGIT, and CD155 in 65 cases of MCC. In CD8 and FOXP3 immunostaining, the number of expressing-infiltrating cells was determined by dividing the region into tumor center and invasive front areas. FOXP3 expression was evaluated separately in cells with high and low intensities. Aberrant TIGIT expression and weak CD155 staining were observed in MCC cells. CD8- and FOXP3-positive cell infiltrations were higher in the invasive front than in the tumor center. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis revealed that high infiltration of cells with low-intensity FOXP3 expression in the invasive front is a favorable prognostic factor (p = 0.025). Thus, targeting TIGIT-CD155 signaling and FOXP3 as well as PD-L1 may be a therapeutic strategy for MCC.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cancer Science  

Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors induces a durable response in some patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, but eventually gives rise to drug resistance. Upregulation of CD155 expression is implicated as one mechanism of resistance to programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors, and it is therefore important to characterize the mechanisms underlying regulation of CD155 expression in tumor cells. The aim of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that might regulate CD155 expression at the posttranscriptional level in lung cancer. Comprehensive miRNA screening with target prediction programs and a dual-luciferase reporter assay identified miR-346, miR-328-3p, miR-326, and miR-330-5p as miRNAs that bind to the 3'-UTR of CD155 mRNA. Forced expression of these miRNAs suppressed CD155 expression in lung cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining of CD155 in tissue specimens from 57 patients with lung adenocarcinoma revealed the median tumor proportion score for CD155 to be 68%. The abundance of miR-326 in these specimens with a low level of CD155 expression was significantly greater than in specimens with a high level (p < 0.005). Our results thus suggest that miR-326 negatively regulates CD155 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and might therefore play a role in the development of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.15921

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本臨床細胞学会-九州連合会  

子宮頸部腺癌は近年増加傾向にあり,子宮頸部細胞診での早期発見が重要である.子宮頸部の細胞診判定としてはベセスダ分類では,頸管炎や頸管ポリープのような反応性病変から上皮内腺癌(Adenocarcinoma in situ,以下AIS)を含む浸潤腺癌の可能性がある病変までを異型腺細胞(Atypical glandular cells,以下AGC)と判定している.子宮頸部腺系病変におけるAGCの細胞判定について検証した結果,AGCの判定には,集塊の形状,核の重なりなどの細胞配列に加え,核形やクロマチンパターンなどの所見に着目し,可能な限りAGC-favor neoplastic(以下AGC-FN)とAGC-not otherwise specified(以下AGC-NOS)を積極的に活用していくことが重要である.(著者抄録)

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Clinical Pathology  

AIMS: Liposarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumour with adipocytic differentiation. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) and myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) are classified as high-grade liposarcomas. Lipid droplet-associated protein (also known as perilipin 1 (PLIN1)) is the predominant perilipin and has utility as a specific marker of adipogenic differentiation. Adipose differentiation-related protein (also known as adipophilin (ADRP)) is ubiquitously expressed in a range of tissues. High ADRP expression is reportedly a poor prognostic factor in several cancer types. However, no previous studies have examined the association between PLIN1 or ADRP expression and prognosis in sarcoma. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the association between PLIN1 or ADRP expression and prognosis in liposarcoma. METHODS: In total, 97 primary resection specimens (53 MLS and 44 DDLS) were examined in this study. PLIN1 and ADRP expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Survival analyses were performed for MLS and DDLS. RESULTS: Of the 53 MLS specimens, 15 (28.3%) exhibited high PLIN1 expression. PLIN1 expression was not observed in DDLS specimens. High PLIN1 expression was significantly associated with increased disease-free survival (DFS) among patients with MLS (p=0.045). Distinct ADRP expression was observed in 13 of 53 (24.5%) MLS specimens and 5 of 44 (11.4%) DDLS specimens. High ADRP expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in MLS (p=0.042) and DFS and shorter OS in DDLS (p=0.024 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: PLIN1 and ADRP expression is associated with poor prognosis in high-grade liposarcoma.

DOI： 10.1136/jcp-2023-208814

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cancer Science  

Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) accounts for 20%-30% of liposarcoma and the round cell component (RCC) is believed to be a specific poor prognostic factor. However, the RCC assessment criteria are vaguely defined and, therefore, are inconsistently employed by pathologists. In this study, we modified and applied two established grading systems to evaluate nuclear atypia (namely, the World Health Organization / International Society of Urological Pathology and the Fuhrman grading in renal cell carcinoma) in 64 MLS cases. Detailed software-based assessments of the morphology and the cellularity were performed. DNA mutation analysis, comprehensive mRNA expression analysis, and immunohistochemistry were also performed. Our findings revealed that the high nuclear grade group according to the modified Fuhrman grading system exhibited a significantly poor disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 4.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.9-22.6; p = 0.047). On the other hand, the cellularity was significantly higher in the modified Fuhrman high-grade group (p = 0.010 at the percentage of the hypercellular area; p = 0.003 at the maximum cell density), but did not qualify per se as a poor prognostic factor in the survival analyses. Furthermore, the modified Fuhrman high-grade group significantly expressed the cell cycle-related genes (such as FOXM1, PLK1, and CDK1). In conclusion, our analyses suggest that an evaluation focusing on nuclear morphology (rather than on cellular density) can be more reliable in predicting the MLS prognosis.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.15729

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Pathology Research and Practice  

Sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the lung, and approximately 40 % of patients with SP present with AKT1 E17K mutation. SP cells comprise proliferated surface and round stromal cells. To elucidate the role of signal transductions and to identify the difference between surface and stromal cells, the current study aimed to investigate the activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/4E-binding protein 1 signaling pathway in SP. METHODS: The molecular and pathological characteristics of SP in 12 patients were analyzed. AKT1 gene analysis revealed AKT1 E17K mutation in four cases. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor cells were cytoplasmic positive for pAkt, pmTOR, p4EBP1, and pS6RP. The surface cells had a significantly higher expression of pmTOR (p = 0.002) and a significantly lower expression of p4EBP1 (p = 0.017) than stromal cells. SP without AKT1 E17K mutation had a higher positive correlation with pacts, p4EBP1, pmTOR, and pS6RP expression than SP with AKT1 E17K mutation. These findings may be attributed to the aberrant activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway due to AKT1 E17K mutations. Hence, both surface and round stromal cells have tumorigenic characteristics, and differences in these characteristics may contribute to variations in tumor growth and the morphology and angiogenesis of SP.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154384

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CELL PRESS  

The cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC) are poorly understood, hindering patient treatment. In the current study, we investigate whether events occurring at the invasion front are of particular importance for CRC treatment strategies. To this end, we analyze CRC tissues by combining spatial transcriptomics from patients with a public single-cell transcriptomic atlas to determine cell-cell interactions at the invasion front. We show that CRC cells are localized specifically at the invasion front. These cells induce human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) to produce secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1)+ macrophages while conferring CRC cells with anti-tumor immunity, as well as proliferative and inva-sive properties. Taken together, these findings highlight the signaling between CRC cell populations and stromal cell populations at the cellular level.

DOI： 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111929

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Pathology Research and Practice  

Chondroblastoma (CB) is histologically characterized by oval to polygonal-shaped mononuclear neoplastic cells, multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells, and eosinophilic matrix with occasional calcification. Genetically, the majority of CBs harbor H3F3B p.K36M mutation. Despite the historical nomenclature, it has been reported that the matrix of CB is similar to osteoid rather than true cartilage; however, it remains unclear whether neoplastic cells in CB have the potential for osteoblastic differentiation. To clarify this issue, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic markers (SATB2, RUNX2, p63, and SOX9) as well as H3K36M mutant protein in 33 cases of CB. All 33 cases of CB were positive for H3K36M, while SATB2, RUNX2, p63, and SOX9 were expressed in 30/33 (91%), 33/33 (100%), 29/33 (88%), and 31/32 (97%) CB cases, respectively. Our immunohistochemical results suggest that neoplastic cells in CB frequently express both osteogenic and chondrogenic markers and may have an intermediate feature of osteoblastic and chondroblastic nature.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154239

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology  

PURPOSE: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is associated with poor prognosis. Recently, signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), which is the immune checkpoint of macrophages, and T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT), which is the immune checkpoint of T cells and natural killer cells, have been considered as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. This study aimed to assess the value of SIRPα and TIGIT as prognostic factors of UPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cBio Cancer Genomics Portal was used to analyze mRNA expression data of 50 UPS cases in the Cancer Genome Atlas. We retrieved 49 UPS cases and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), SIRPα, CD68, CD163, TIGIT, CD155, and CD8. RESULTS: SIRPα was positively associated with CD163 (Pearson's r = 0.51, p = 0.0002) as per open access data and IHC of the cohort (p = 0.002), which revealed that SIRPα-positive macrophage infiltration was higher in UPS cells with ≥ 1% PD-L1 expression than that in UPS cells with < 1% PD-L1 expression (p = 0.047). TIGIT was positively correlated with PD-L1 (r = 0.54, p < 0.0001) and CD8A (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001). In 35 of 49 cases, IHC revealed high levels of TIGIT expression on tumor cells. Furthermore, TIGIT expression on tumor cells was negatively correlated with CD155-positive (p = 0.0144) and CD8-positive (p = 0.0487) cell infiltration. Survival analysis showed that the high degree of SIRPα-positive macrophage infiltration was associated with poor overall survival and metastasis (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006, respectively). CONCLUSION: SIRPα-positive macrophages infiltrated UPS cells, which predicted poor prognosis. High TIGIT expression on tumor cells was associated with decreased levels of tumor-infiltrating macrophages in UPS.

DOI： 10.1007/s00432-022-04078-y

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DOI： 10.1111/his.14782

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Histopathology  

Hamartomas in the pancreas are rare and are often histologically and morphologically similar to solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs). We examined the differences between hamartomas and SFTs at the molecular level. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirteen patients histopathologically diagnosed with pancreatic hamartoma were included in the study. We also performed STAT6 immunohistochemistry (IHC), which is used in the diagnosis of SFT. Furthermore, for the three cases in which RNA was extracted, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to search for NAB2::STAT6 fusions was used. Macroscopically, 13 patients had well-demarcated tumour lesions. Histologically, no islets of Langerhans were observed in the lesions, acinar tissue and ducts were unevenly distributed and elastic fibres were not observed around the ducts by Elastica van Gieson staining. One case contained a lipomatous hamartoma composed mainly of adipose tissue. Seven of the 13 cases demonstrated expression of STAT6 in the nuclei of intervening spindle cells. NAB2::STAT6 fusions were observed in two of the three cases in which RNA was extracted. These two cases also demonstrated STAT6 expression in spindle cells using STAT6 IHC. In one case of lipomatous hamartoma, we did not confirm NAB2::STAT6 fusion or STAT6 expression in STAT6 IHC. CONCLUSION: Of the 13 patients histopathologically diagnosed with hamartoma, two demonstrated NAB2::STAT6 fusions, suggesting the existence of pancreatic hamartomas with molecular-level components identical to those of SFT.

DOI： 10.1111/his.14703

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本臨床細胞学会  

背景:血管周囲類上皮細胞腫瘍(perivascular epithelioid cell tumor:PEComa)はまれな間葉系腫瘍である.婦人科領域に発生し,異なる臨床経過をとったPEComaの2例の経験を報告する.症例:症例1,10歳代,女性.画像検査で骨盤内に充実性腫瘤を認め,開腹腫瘍生検および捺印細胞診,腹水細胞診を施行.症例2,60歳代,女性.不正性器出血のため子宮内膜生検および細胞診を施行.細胞像は2例ともに淡明または好酸性で豊富な細胞質,明瞭な核小体,核内細胞質偽封入体を有する腫瘍細胞が小血管を伴い,疎な結合性集塊または散在性に出現していたが,細胞形態,核異型度に差異を認めた.組織標本では2例ともに淡明な腫瘍細胞が血管に関連して増生し,免疫組織化学染色ではHMB-45,Melan Aに陽性を示し,PEComaと診断された.症例1は腫瘍死,症例2は診断後3年時点で経過観察中である.結論:PEComaはあらゆる臓器に発生し,種々の細胞診検体として遭遇しうる腫瘍である.淡明な腫瘍細胞を認めた場合,PEComaを鑑別疾患に挙げ,免疫組織化学染色などを活用して診断することが重要である.(著者抄録)

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Human Pathology  

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare subset of high-grade renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To diagnose CDC, it is necessary to rule out other renal tumors including renal medullary carcinoma and fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient RCC. However, there is overlap in the morphology of these three tumors, which all have poor outcomes. There is also still a need to sufficiently examine the therapeutic strategies for each of these tumors. In this study, we retrospectively reclassified invasive/infiltrating high-grade RCC and investigated its pathological features. We reviewed 18 cases previously diagnosed as "CDC," "FH-deficient RCC," and "unclassified RCC," which were reclassified as SMARCB1/INI1-deficient RCC, FH-deficient RCC, and CDC by SMARCB1/INI1, FH, and 2SC immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FH gene mutational status. As the result, 18 cases were reclassified into 2 cases of SMARCB1/INI1-deficient RCC, 7 cases of FH-deficient RCC, and 9 cases of CDC. The morphological features of each group overlapped, and no specific immunohistochemical expression except for SMARCB1/INI1, FH, and 2SC was detected. These results suggest that invasive/infiltrating high-grade RCC should be diagnosed by the combination of immunohistochemistry and molecular biological technique.

DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.03.002

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DOI： 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207311

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Modern Pathology  

In rare cases, giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) can undergo primary or secondary malignant transformation to malignant giant cell tumor of bone (MGCTB), but the details of the molecular alterations are still unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of MGCTBs based on immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) of nine MGCTBs (five primary and four secondary). Seven (78%) of 9 MGCTBs were immunohistochemically positive for H3.3 G34W. In two (22%) patients, although GCTB components were focally or diffusely positive for H3.3 G34W, their malignant components were entirely negative for H3.3 G34W, which was associated with heterozygous loss of H3F3A by FISH. NGS on four MGCTBs revealed pathogenic mutations in TP53 (n = 3), EZH2 (n = 1) and several other genes. Immunohistochemical analysis of the nine MGCTBs confirmed the p53 nuclear accumulation (n = 5) and loss of H3K27me3 expression (n = 3) and showed that they were mutually exclusive. In addition, four (80%) of five cases of pleomorphic or epithelioid cell-predominant MGCTBs were positive for p53, while three (75%) of four cases of spindle cell-predominant MGCTBs were negative for trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3). The results suggested that p53 alteration and dysfunction of histone methylation as evidenced by H3K27me3 loss may play an important role in the malignant progression of GCTB, and might contribute to the phenotype-genotype correlation in MGCTB. The combined histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular information may be helpful in part for the diagnosis of challenging cases.

DOI： 10.1038/s41379-021-00972-x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Pathology Research and Practice  

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is associated with the transcriptional mediator complex and regulates several transcription factors implicated in cancer. CDK8 expression is a poor prognostic marker in colon and breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. However, somatic mutations in exon 2 of the RNA polymerase II transcriptional mediator subunit MED12 occur in 7-30% of cases of uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS), suggesting that these alterations contribute to tumorigenesis. Public genomic mutation data of 80 patients with ULMS were used for MED12 and CDK8 mutation analysis. The expression of MED12, CDK8 and β-catenin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in our cohort of 60 patients with ULMS, in addition with MED12 mutation status and survival stage. Univariate analysis was performed using the log-rank test, and Cox regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that advanced stage (p < 0.0001) and high CDK8 expression (p = 0.0014) were independent predictors of poor prognosis. MED12 mutation status was not significantly associated with CDK8 expression (p = 0.6873) and DSS (p = 0.8075). In conclusion, our data suggest that CDK8 expression may identify a subset of ULMS patients with a poor prognosis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153920

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Virchows Archiv  

Intimal sarcoma is one of the most common and well-known primary malignant neoplasms of the aorta and heart. The authors reviewed cases of intimal sarcoma from histological, immunohistochemical and genetic perspectives. Twenty cases of intimal sarcoma were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry and FISH of MDM2 and PDGFRA genes were performed. All 20 tumours were composed of spindle-shaped, stellate, oval or polygonal tumour cells with irregular hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in a haphazard pattern, accompanied by nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitotic figures. Other histological findings were as follows: abnormal mitosis in 10 cases (50%), necrosis in 15 cases (75%), myxoid stroma in 12 cases (60%), cartilaginous formation in 1 case (5%), haemorrhage in 12 cases (60%) and fibrinous deposition in 14 cases (70%). The tumours were positive for MDM2 in 16 cases (80%), ERG in 4 cases (20%), alpha-smooth muscle actin in 6 cases (30%), desmin in 5 cases (25%) and AE1/AE3 in 4 cases (20%). Immunohistochemical positivity was focal in each case. Loss of H3K27me3 expression was noted in 2 cases (10%). MDM2 and PDGFRA gene amplifications were detected in 11 cases (55%) and 1 case (5%), respectively. Fisher's exact test revealed a significant correlation between MDM2 gene amplification and myxoid stroma (p = 0.0194). No parameters showed any association with the anatomical location of the tumours. It was suggested that myxoid histology of intimal sarcoma may be associated with MDM2 gene amplification and that intimal sarcoma may be divided into myxoid and non-myxoid types.

DOI： 10.1007/s00428-022-03293-9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

Sebaceous carcinoma and sweat gland carcinoma (malignant tumors with apocrine and eccrine differentiation) are rare malignant skin adnexal tumors that differentiate toward sebaceous gland and eccrine and apocrine glands, respectively. Owing to the rarity of these carcinomas, standard treatments for advanced disease have not been established. Because the prognosis of patients with systemic metastasis is poor, a new treatment for these diseases is eagerly desired. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) and sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate of TROP2, have attracted attention in the treatment of various solid tumors. In the current study, we immunohistochemically investigated TROP2 expression in 14 sebaceous carcinoma and 18 sweat gland carcinoma samples and found strong and relatively homogeneous TROP2 staining in both cancer types. The mean Histoscore, a semi-quantitative scoring ranging from 0 (negative) to 300, was 265.5 in sebaceous carcinoma and 260.0 in sweat gland carcinoma. These observations directly suggest that both sebaceous carcinoma and sweat gland carcinoma could be potentially treated with TROP2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates such as sacituzumab govitecan.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm11030607

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Language：English   Publisher：Cancer Science  

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is monoclonally integrated into the genomes of approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs). While the presence of MCPyV affects the clinicopathological features of MCC, the molecular mechanisms of MCC pathogenesis after MCPyV infection are unclear. This study investigates the association between MCPyV infection and activation of the MEK-ERK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in MCC to identify new molecular targets for MCC treatment. The clinicopathological characteristics of 30 MCPyV-positive and 20 MCPyV-negative MCC cases were analyzed. The phosphorylation status of MEK, ERK, JAK, and STAT was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. The activation status of the MEK-ERK and JAK-STAT pathways and the effects of a JAK inhibitor (ruxolitinib) was analyzed in MCC cell lines. Immunohistochemically, the expression of pJAK2 (P =.038) and pERK1/2 (P =.019) was significantly higher in MCPyV-negative than in MCPyV-positive MCCs. Male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 2.882, P =.039), older age (HR 1.137, P <.001), negative MCPyV status (HR 0.324, P =.013), and advanced cancer stage (HR 2.672, P =.041) were identified as unfavorable prognostic factors; however, the phosphorylation states of JAK2, STAT3, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 were unrelated to the prognosis. The inhibition of cell proliferation by ruxolitinib was greater in MCPyV-negative MCC cell lines than in an MCPyV-positive MCC cell line. The expression of pERK1/2 and pMEK was higher in MCPyV-negative than in MCPyV-positive cell lines. These results suggest that activation of the JAK2 and MEK-ERK pathways was more prevalent in MCPyV-negative than in MCPyV-positive MCC and the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib inhibited MEK-ERK pathway activation. Consequently, the JAK-STAT and MEK-ERK signaling pathways may be potential targets for MCPyV-negative MCC treatment.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.15187

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DOI： doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.07.039.

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DOI： doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14642.

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DOI： doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.09.004.

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DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.13751

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.09.003

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.11.020

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DOI： 10.1111/his.13377

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0191532

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.05.011

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DOI： 10.1016/j.prp.2016.12.001

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DOI： 10.3109/08916934.2015.1022163

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DOI： 10.1186/s12014-015-9089-2

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DOI： 10.1186/1750-9378-9-15

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DOI： 10.3109/08916934.2013.879863

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DOI： 10.1186/1746-1596-9-65

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.05.028

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.04.002

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DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.09.011

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Language：English   Publisher：Skeletal Radiology  

Low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS), which arises from the intramedullary cavity of the metaphysis of long bones, occasionally exhibits extraosseous spread. Approximately 10-30% of patients with LGCOS exhibit dedifferentiation, but it is rare to experience a primary tumor with a dedifferentiated component. A 38-year-old female patient presented with right knee pain for two months. Imaging studies revealed a bone mass with extraosseous involvement. Wide resection was performed, and pathologic examination led to the diagnosis of LGCOS with a dedifferentiated extraosseous lesion. A single defect in the bone cortex constituted the boundary between the low- and high-grade components. The extraosseous high-grade component included more tumor cells with p53 overexpression and more murine double minute 2 (MDM2) copies compared with the low-grade component. These genetic mutations and copy number alterations can be associated with malignant transformation of LGCOS.

DOI： 10.1007/s00256-024-04647-x

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)東京医学社  

＜文献概要＞はじめに　腸管神経節細胞未熟症(immaturity of ganglia:IG)は,新生児期に重篤な腸管蠕動不全で発症し,開腹手術,そして,一時的な人工肛門が必要となることがあるが,数ヵ月から1年以内に徐々に腸管蠕動が改善し,人工肛門を閉鎖しえる病態とされている。このため,初回病理診断にて正確に診断することが,人工肛門造設後の治療方針立案に重要である。本稿では,IGの病理学的特徴を総説することする。

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)文光堂  

Publisher：Nishinihon Journal of Urology  

Infectious pulmonary embolism is a relatively rare disease caused by pulmonary embolization arising from a bacterial venous thrombus and pulmonary infection. The main causes of infective pulmonary embolism are infective endocarditis, thrombophlebitis, liver abscess, and skin and soft tissue infections, while cases triggered by urinary tract infection have seldom been reported. We herein report our experience with a case of infective pulmonary embolism associated with a severe renal infection. The patient was a 68‑year‑old woman with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. She presented to her previous physician with lumbar pain and edema of the lower legs. She was diagnosed with worsening diabetes and urinary tract infection. Despite treatment with ceftriaxone and levofloxacin, no improvement was observed, and she was referred to the Department of Diabetes medicine in our hospital. She was subsequently referred to our department after an abdominal CT scan showed an enlarged left kidney and chest CT scan showed multiple nodules. She was treated with carbapenem, but the inflammatory findings were not improved, and a CT scan was taken. The CT scan suggested the possibility of a kidney tumor and multiple lung metastases. After left nephrectomy was carried out, the inflammatory findings were improved markedly, and six months later, a CT scan showed the disappearance of lung shadows. Infectious pulmonary embolism was diagnosed by the clinical course. Since undergoing treatment, she has been doing well.

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)文光堂  

Language：English   Publishing type：Internal/External technical report, pre-print, etc.  

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.6249-20

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：English   Publishing type：Internal/External technical report, pre-print, etc.  

We report herein a case of sarcomatoid malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) with high PD-L1 expression who was refractory to standard chemotherapy but had a remarkable and sustained response to nivolumab. A 78-year-old man presented with right chest pain. Computed tomography (CT) showed a solid mass extending to the right pleura. Histopathological examination revealed the proliferation of spindle to pleomorphic ovoid shaped tumour cells, which are positive for calretinin and podoplanin. The patient was diagnosed with sarcomatoid MPM. Despite treatment with carboplatin and pemetrexed, the primary lesion rapidly progressed and new multiple pleural metastases were observed. Although his performance status decreased with advancing of symptoms and adverse events, nivolumab was administered. After the nivolumab treatment, CT showed a significant reduction in pleural tumours with a marked improvement in symptoms. In the primary specimens, TPS of PD-L1 was 80%. The patient has continued this treatment with sustained and remarkable effectiveness with good quality of life (QOL).

DOI： 10.1002/rcr2.536

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：English   Publishing type：Internal/External technical report, pre-print, etc.  

Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1186/s12964-015-0092-z

Language：English   Publishing type：Internal/External technical report, pre-print, etc.  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01209.x.