Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Physiological Reports  

1-Kestose (KES), a dietary fiber and prebiotic carbohydrate, benefits various physiological functions. This study aimed to examine whether diets supplemented with KES over three consecutive generations could significantly affect some host physiological aspects, including behavioral phenotypes and gut microbial ecology. Mice that received KES-supplemented diets for three generations demonstrated increased activity compared with those fed diets lacking KES. Furthermore, the KES group showed increased striatal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels. The observed increase in DA levels within the striatum was positively correlated with locomotor activity in the KES group but not in the control (CON) group. The α-diversities were significantly lower in the KES group compared to the CON group. The three-dimensional principal coordinate analysis revealed a substantial distinction between the KES and CON groups across each generation. At the genus level, most gut microbiota genera exhibited lower abundances in the KES group than in the CON group, except for Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia. Spearman's rank-order analysis indicated significant negative correlations between the striatal DA levels and α-diversity values. These findings suggest that prolonged supplementation with KES may stimulate increased locomotor activity along with elevated striatal DA levels, which are potentially associated with KES-induced alterations in the gut microbiota.

DOI： 10.14814/phy2.15882

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BioPsychoSocial Medicine  

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disease characterized by chronic widespread pain concomitant with psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression. It has been reported that FM patients engage in pain catastrophizing. In this study, we investigated characteristics of the brain volume of female FM patients and the association between psychological indices and brain volume. Thirty-nine female FM patients and 25 female healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for the study, and five FM patients were excluded due to white matter lesions. The following analyses were performed: (1) T1-weighted MRI were acquired for 34 FM patients (age 41.6 ± 7.4) and 25 HCs (age 39.5 ± 7.4). SPM12 was used to compare their gray and white matter volumes. (2) Data from anxiety and depression questionnaires (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (subscales rumination, helplessness, magnification), and MRI were acquired for 34 FM patients (age 41.6 ± 7.4). Correlation analysis was done of the psychological indices and brain volume. We found that (1) The white matter volume of the temporal pole was larger in the FM patient group than in the HC group. (2) Correlation analysis of the psychological indices and gray matter volume showed a negative correlation between trait anxiety and the amygdala. For the white matter volume, positive correlations were found between depression and the brainstem and between magnification and the postcentral gyrus. Changes in the brain volume of female FM patients may be related to anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing.

DOI： 10.1186/s13030-023-00293-2

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Language：English   Publisher：(一社)日本心身医学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Physiological Anthropology  

BACKGROUND: Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties in identifying and expressing their emotions despite having a range of emotional experiences, can impact individuals' stress coping mechanisms. While many studies have investigated brain functions associated with specific tasks in relation to emotion processing, research focusing on resting-state brain functions has been limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and brain function by analyzing arterial spin labeling (ASL) data obtained during the resting state. METHODS: A brain structural and functional imaging study was conducted on 42 healthy adult men and women using ASL and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) questionnaire survey. Cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity values were calculated for regions of interest in the default mode network, saliency network, and central executive network from the ASL data. Correlation analysis was performed with TAS20 scores, and partial correlation analysis was conducted to control for anxiety and depression. RESULTS: The functional connectivity analysis revealed a negative correlation between the functional connectivity of the right insular cortex and left anterior cingulate cortex and the total score of TAS, as well as difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feeling subscores, indicating that the higher the scores, the weaker the functional connectivity between these regions (T = -3.830, p = 0.0013, R = -0.5180). This correlation remained significant even after controlling for anxiety and depression using partial correlation analysis. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed differences in the activity of the Saliency Network at rest as measured by ASL, which were independent of anxiety and depression, and varied depending on the severity of alexithymia. This functional change may underlie the neural basis of decreased emotional processing observed in alexithymia. These findings may contribute to the elucidation of the neural mechanisms of alexithymia, which can lead to social impairments, and suggest the usefulness of ASL measurement as a biomarker of alexithymia.

DOI： 10.1186/s40101-023-00336-1

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Language：English   Publisher：(一社)日本生理人類学会  

失感情症と脳機能の関係について安静時に取得した動脈スピンラベリング(ASL)データの解析による検討を行った。健常成人42人(男性14人、女性28人、平均31.2±9.5歳)を対象として、ASLと20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20)アンケート調査を用いて脳の構造及び機能イメージング研究を行った。ASLデータから、デフォルトモードネットワーク、salience network及びセントラルエグゼクティブネットワークにおける関心領域に対する脳血流及び機能的結合の値を算出した。機能的結合分析により、右島皮質及び左前帯状皮質の機能的結合と、TAS-20のトータルスコア、感情を特定することの困難さ、感情を語ることの困難さのサブスコアに負の相関がみられた。これらのスコアが高いほどこれらの領域間の機能的結合は弱くなった。この相関は偏相関分析を用いて不安及び抑鬱を調整した後でも有意であった。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PLoS ONE  

The psychopathology of patients with anorexia nervosa has been hypothesized to involve inappropriate self-referential processing, disturbed interoceptive awareness, and excessive cognitive control, including distorted self-concern, disregard of their own starvation state, and extreme weight-control behavior. We hypothesized that the resting-state brain networks, including the default mode, salience and frontal-parietal networks, might be altered in such patients, and that treatment might normalize neural functional connectivity, with improvement of inappropriate self-cognition. We measured resting-state functional magnetic resonance images from 18 patients with anorexia nervosa and 18 healthy subjects before and after integrated hospital treatment (nourishment and psychological therapy). The default mode, salience, and frontal-parietal networks were examined using independent component analysis. Body mass index and psychometric measurements significantly improved after treatment. Before treatment, default mode network functional connectivity in the retrosplenial cortex and salience network functional connectivity in the ventral anterior insula and rostral anterior cingulate cortex were decreased in anorexia nervosa patients compared with those in controls. Interpersonal distrust was negatively correlated with salience network functional connectivity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Default mode network functional connectivity in the posterior insula and frontal-parietal network functional connectivity in the angular gyrus were increased in anorexia nervosa patients compared with those in controls. Comparison between pre- and post-treatment images from patients with anorexia nervosa exhibited significant increases in default mode network functional connectivity in the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex, and salience network functional connectivity in the dorsal anterior insula following treatment. Frontal-parietal network functional connectivity in the angular cortex showed no significant changes. The findings revealed that treatment altered the functional connectivity in several parts of default mode and salience networks in patients with anorexia nervosa. These alterations of neural function might be associated with improvement of self-referential processing and coping with sensations of discomfort following treatment for anorexia nervosa.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0283318

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BioPsychoSocial Medicine  

BACKGROUND: Psychological distress has been frequently observed in frontline healthcare workers under stress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic; however, it is unclear if there are differences in the stress and symptoms experienced by staff members who work exclusively in a COVID-19 ward and support staff temporarily deployed to a COVID-19 ward. The present study investigated psychosocial stress specific to the care for patients with COVID-19 and psychological distress among ward staff working exclusively with COVID-19 and temporary support staff. METHODS: The participants were full-time nurses and doctors working in COVID-19 wards or the ICU who provided face-to-face care to patients with COVID-19 during the COVID-19 outbreak in February of 2021. The data of 67 staff members (21 exclusively working with Covid-19 patients (group A) and 46 in the temporary support group (group B)) was available for study. Psychosocial stress specific to healthcare professionals during this COVID-19 outbreak (Tokyo Metropolitan Distress Scale for Pandemic [TMDP]) and general psychological distress (K6) were assessed. RESULTS: The K6 score was significantly lower in group B than in group A (p = .006), but no significant difference was found in the total score of TMDP or its subscales. Positive correlations were found between TMDP and K6 for group B (p = .011), as was the number of days of care on TMDP-social (rs = .456, p = .001). CONCLUSION: Even though support staff members experienced lower psychological distress than staff working exclusively with COVID-19, COVID-19-related psychosocial stress specific to HCWs was comparable. The support staff also presented psychological distress associated with psychosocial stress specific to healthcare professionals during this COVID-19 outbreak, and the COVID-19-related social stress was enhanced as the number of working days increased. Our results show that all staff, not only those working exclusively with COVID-19 patients but also other support staff should be provided with care focusing on COVID-19-related psychosocial occupational stress.

DOI： 10.1186/s13030-023-00272-7

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Language：English   Publisher：(一社)日本心身医学会  

COVID-19患者のケアに特異的な心理社会的ストレス、COVID-19専属病棟従事者と支援従事者の精神的苦痛について調査した。被験者は2021年2月のCOVID-19流行下におけるCOVID-19病棟の看護師と医師で、専任従事者67名(A群)と一時的なサポート従事者46名(B群)であった。COVID-19流行における医療従事者に特有な心理社会的ストレス(Tokyo Metropolitan Distress Scale for Pandemic[TMDP])とgeneral psychological distress(K6)を評価した。K6スコアはA群よりもB群で有意に低かったが、TMDPの総合スコアと下位尺度で有意差はなかった。B群ではTMDPとK6に正相関が認められ、TMDP-社会項目に対するケア日数でも正相関が認められた。COVID-19専属従事者よりも支援従事者のほうが精神的苦痛は弱かったが、心理社会的ストレスはほぼ同等であった。支援従事者でも精神的苦痛が認められ、従事日数増加とともに社会的ストレスが増大した。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Medicine (United States)  

This study aimed to identify occupational stress, psychosomatic symptoms, psychological distress, and their correlations among frontline nurses during and after the first peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Japan. Sixteen frontline nurses, aged 25 to 52 years, working in a ward with COVID-19 patients participated in this study. Two months after the peak of the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan, the COVID-19-related occupational stress scale (COS; questionnaire items: fear of infection and increased workload) and physical symptom scale (PS; questionnaire items: gastrointestinal symptoms, pain, appetite loss, and insomnia) were assessed. The degree of general psychological distress was evaluated using the 6-item Kessler Scale (K6). Simultaneously, participants were asked to recall their condition during the peak period of the first wave and rate it using the same scale. K6 was positively correlated with COS and PS during the peak period (rs = 0.574, P = .020 and rs = 0.587, P = .017, respectively). Increased workload was positively correlated with the K6 score both during and after the peak period (rs = 0.869, P < .001 and rs = 0.732, P = <.001, respectively) and was positively correlated with insomnia during the peak period (rs = 0.498, P < .05). The COS, PS, and K6 scores during the peak period were significantly higher than those after the peak period. Psychological distress at the peak was associated with PS and occupational stress. An increased workload during peak periods can cause psychological distress and insomnia. The occupational stress, PS, and psychological distress of nurses working in COVID-19 wards improved after the peak of COVID-19.

DOI： 10.1097/MD.0000000000031687

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Diabetes Care  

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between diabetes and gray matter atrophy patterns in a general older Japanese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 2012, a total of 1,189 community-dwelling Japanese aged ≥65 years underwent brain MRI scans. Regional gray matter volumes (GMV) and intracranial volume (ICV) were measured by applying voxel-based morphometry (VBM) methods. The associations of diabetes and related parameters with the regional GMV/ICV were examined using an ANCOVA. The regional gray matter atrophy patterns in the subjects with diabetes or elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or 2 h postload glucose (2hPG) levels were investigated using VBM. RESULTS: Subjects with diabetes had significantly lower mean values of GMV/ICV in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, insula, deep gray matter structures, and cerebellum than subjects without diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders. A longer duration of diabetes was also significantly associated with lower mean values of GMV/ICV in these brain regions. The multivariable-adjusted mean values of the temporal, insular, and deep GMV/ICV decreased significantly with elevating 2hPG levels, whereas higher FPG levels were not significantly associated with GMV/ICV of any brain regions. In the VBM analysis, diabetes was associated with gray matter atrophy in the bilateral superior temporal gyri, right middle temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, bilateral thalami, right caudate, and right cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that a longer duration of diabetes and elevated 2hPG levels are significant risk factors for gray matter atrophy in various brain regions.

DOI： 10.2337/dc21-1911

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Physiology and Behavior  

Important precursors of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, dietary tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine, and phenylalanine (all referred to as TTP), play crucial roles in a wide range of behavioral and emotional functions. In the current study, we investigated whether diets devoid of TTP or diets deficient in TRP alone can affect body weight, behavioral characteristics, and gut microbiota, by comparing mice fed on these amino acids-depleted diets to mice fed on diets containing regular levels of amino acids. Both dietary TTP- and TRP-deprived animals showed a reduction in food intake and body weight. In behavioral analyses, the mice fed TTP-deprived diets were more active than mice fed diets containing regular levels of amino acids. The TRP-deprived group exhibited a reduction in serum TRP levels, concomitant with a decrease in serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in some regions of the brain. The TTP-deprived group showed a reduction in TTP levels in the serum, concomitant with decreases in both phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in the hippocampus, as well as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine concentrations in some regions of the brain. Regarding the effects of TRP or TTP deprivation on gut microbial ecology, the relative abundance of genus Roseburia was significantly reduced in the TTP-deprived group than in the dietary restriction control group. Interestingly, TTP was found even in the feces of mice fed TTP- and TRP-deficient diets, suggesting that TTP is produced by microbial or enzymatic digestion of the host-derived proteins. However, microbe generated TTP did not compensate for the systemic TTP deficiency induced by the lack of dietary TTP intake. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic dietary TTP deprivation induces decreased monoamines and their metabolites in a brain region-specific manner. The altered activities of the monoaminergic systems may contribute to increased locomotor activity.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113653

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BACKGROUND: The brain and gut communicate bidirectionally via immune, neurological, and endocrine pathways, which is termed the "brain-gut interaction." Recent studies of gut microbiota as a mediator of this interaction have provided a growing body of scientific evidence that suggests that the gut microbiota influences stress and emotional responses and stress-related disorders. SUMMARY: Major advances in analytical methods have led to an increased number of studies that combine gut microbiota and neuroimaging, mainly magnetic resonance imaging, to elucidate the mechanisms. Observational studies have been done to examine brain characteristics related to gut microbiota profiles, and intervention studies have examined brain changes related to probiotic intake. Studies of healthy subjects using negative emotional stimuli have shown that the pattern of emotional response differs depending on the gut microbiota profile and that probiotic intervention can modulate emotional response and be a buffer against the negative effects of stress. In studies on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a typical psychosomatic disorder, IBS-specific gut microbiota were reported to contribute to visceral irritability and pain by affecting the subcortical regions. Studies on psychiatric disorders revealed that a relative abundance of Bacteroides that produce γ-aminobutyric acid in feces was associated with a change in brain function specific to depression and that gut microbiota have an influence on abnormalities in the reward system of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

DOI： 10.1159/000517420

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

INTRODUCTION: Anorexia nervosa is a refractory psychiatric disorder with a mortality rate of 5.9&#37; and standardised mortality ratio of 5.35, which is much higher than other psychiatric disorders. The standardised mortality ratio of bulimia nervosa is 1.49; however, it is characterised by suicidality resulting in a shorter time to death. While there is no current validated drug treatment for eating disorders in Japan, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a well-established and commonly used treatment. CBT is also recommended in the Japanese Guidelines for the Treatment of Eating Disorders (2012) and has been covered by insurance since 2018. However, the neural mechanisms responsible for the effect of CBT have not been elucidated, and the use of biomarkers such as neuroimaging data would be beneficial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Eating Disorder Neuroimaging Initiative is a multisite prospective cohort study. We will longitudinally collect data from 72 patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) and 70 controls. Data will be collected at baseline, after 21-41 sessions of CBT and 12 months later. We will assess longitudinal changes in neural circuit function, clinical data, gene expression and psychological measures by therapeutic intervention and analyse the relationship among them using machine learning methods. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by The Ethical Committee of the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (A2019-072). We will obtain written informed consent from all patients who participate in the study after they had been fully informed about the study protocol. All imaging, demographic and clinical data are shared between the participating sites and will be made publicly available in 2024. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000039841.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042685

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In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of 10 female patients with restricting type anorexia nervosa (ANR) were compared to those of 10 age-matched healthy female controls. While the levels of amino acids were lower among the patients than among the controls, the levels of uremic toxins, including p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), indole-3-acetic acid, and phenyl sulfate, were higher in ANR patients. The serum PCS levels correlated positively with the abundance of the Clostridium coccoides group or the C. leptum subgroup in the feces of patients, but not in those of controls. Collectively, these results indicate that the serum metabolic profiles of patients with ANR differ from those of healthy women in terms of both decreased amino acid levels and increased uremic toxins. Gut microbes including C. coccoides or C. leptum may be involved in such an increase in uremic toxins.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113204

Language：Japanese  

Relations among Personality, Coping, and Subjective Stress Using Covariance Structure Analysis : Analyses of Gender Differences
<p>Background : As well as lifestyle habits such as smoking, diet, sleep and physical activity, coping strategies against psychological stress can be important factors which explain the relationship between personality and diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relations among personality, coping strategies, lifestyle habits, and subjective stress.</p><p>Method : Based on self-administered questionnaire obtained from 11,552 participants in the Kyushu University Fukuoka Cohort Study, we executed covariance structure analysis.</p><p>Results : Higher neuroticism was associated with more frequent passive coping strategies and less frequent positive coping strategies in both men and women. On the other hand, when treating extraversion as an exogenous variable, difference was seen between men and women as to more effective coping.</p><p>Conclusion : It was suggested that personality traits affect psychological stress via not only lifestyle habits, but also coping strategies.</p>

DOI： 10.15064/jjpm.60.7_608

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Recently, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been shown to play an important role in mediating the gut-brain interaction and thereby participate in the patho-physiological process of stress-related disorders. In the current study, we examined whether SCFA generated in the lower gut affects host metabolic and behavioral characteristics. To determine this, we used special diets containing acylated starches that can reach the colon without being absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract of male mice. The delivery of SCFA to the colon using this method induced a substantial increase in acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the cecum. Moreover, the diets containing acylated starches also decreased microbial diversity in the cecum, concomitant with a significant impact on microbial composition. In marble-burying (MB) tests, the mice that consumed diets containing acetylated starches showed a decrease in anxiety-like behavior compared with the mice that consumed diets containing either butyrylated or propionylated starches. Cecal acetate contents were significantly associated with anxiety-like behaviors when evaluated by elevated plus-maze and MB tests. Collectively, these results indicate that gut acetate elevation of a dietary origin may exert anxiolytic effects on behavioral phenotypes of the host.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113004

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Anorexia nervosa (AN) results in gut dysbiosis, but whether the dysbiosis contributes to AN-specific pathologies such as poor weight gain and neuropsychiatric abnormalities remains unclear. To address this, germ-free mice were reconstituted with the microbiota of four patients with restricting-type AN (gAN mice) and four healthy control individuals (gHC mice). The effects of gut microbes on weight gain and behavioral characteristics were examined. Fecal microbial profiles in recipient gnotobiotic mice were clustered with those of the human donors. Compared with gHC mice, gAN mice showed a decrease in body weight gain, concomitant with reduced food intake. Food efficiency ratio (body weight gain/food intake) was also significantly lower in gAN mice than in gHC mice, suggesting that decreased appetite as well as the capacity to convert ingested food to unit of body substance may contribute to poor weight gain. Both anxiety-related behavior measured by open-field tests and compulsive behavior measured by a marble-burying test were increased only in gAN mice but not in gHC mice. Serotonin levels in the brain stem of gAN mice were lower than those in the brain stem of gHC mice. Moreover, the genus Bacteroides showed the highest correlation with the number of buried marbles among all genera identified. Administration of Bacteroides vulgatus reversed compulsive behavior but failed to exert any substantial effect on body weight. Collectively, these results indicate that AN-specific dysbiosis may contribute to both poor weight gain and mental disorders in patients with AN.

DOI： 10.1210/en.2019-00408

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Understanding others as intentional agents is critical in social interactions. We perceive others' intentions through identification, a categorical judgment that others should work like oneself. The most primitive form of understanding others' intentions is joint attention (JA). During JA, an initiator selects a shared object through gaze (initiative joint attention, IJA), and the responder follows the direction of the initiator's gaze (reactive joint attention, RJA). Therefore, both participants share the intention of object selection. However, the neural underpinning of shared intention through JA remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that JA is represented by inter-individual neural synchronization of the intention-related activity. Additionally, JA requires eye contact that activates the limbic mirror system; therefore, we hypothesized that this system is involved in shared attention through JA. To test these hypotheses, participants underwent hyperscanning fMRI while performing JA tasks. We found that IJA-related activation of the right anterior insular cortex of participants was positively correlated with RJA-related activation of homologous regions in their partners. This area was activated by volitional selection of the target during IJA. Therefore, identification with others by JA is likely accomplished by the shared intentionality of target selection represented by inter-individual synchronization of the right anterior insular cortex.

DOI： 10.1093/scan/nsz087

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Although there have been many epidemiological studies of snoring, most did not assess snoring objectively. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for snoring measured objectively in a working population in Japan. We used IC recorders for the overnight tracheal sound monitoring of 191 employees of two facilities for two nights. Snoring was characterized by two variables: snoring time (&#37;ST) as a percentage of recording time, and the mean tracheal sound energy during recording time (Leq, the equivalent sound pressure level). After excluding those with insufficient data, 172 subjects were included in the final analysis [124 men; age, 44.3 +/- 9.9 years; body mass index (BMI), 22.9 +/- 3.7kg/m(2)]. Relationships between the two snoring variables and age, sex, BMI, drinking, smoking, and night nasal congestion were evaluated, and the predictors of snoring were identified using multiple regression analysis with &#37;ST and Leq as the dependent variables. The mean values of &#37;ST and Leq were 7.4 +/- 7.4&#37; and 102.1 +/- 5.2 dB, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI (p<0.001), night nasal congestion (p=0.007), habitual drinking (p=0.014) were significant predictors of &#37;ST and that being male (p<0.001) and BMI (p=0.007) were significant predictors of Leq.These results suggested that being male, obesity, habitual alcohol consumption, and night nasal congestion are predictors of objectively measured snoring in a working population.

DOI： 10.1007/s41105-019-00220-5

Language：Japanese  

The effect of escitalopram on the somatic symptoms of patients with stress-related disorders

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Gut lumen serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) contributes to several gastrointestinal functions such as peristaltic reflexes. 5-HT is released from enterochromaffin (EC) cells in response to a number of stimuli, including signals from the gut microbiota. However, the specific mechanism by which the gut microbiota regulates 5-HT levels in the gut lumen has not yet been clarified. Our previous work with gnotobiotic mice showed that free catecholamines can be produced by the deconjugation of conjugated catecholamines; hence, we speculated that deconjugation by bacterial enzymes may be one of the mechanisms whereby gut microbes can produce free 5-HT in the gut lumen. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using germ-free (GF) mice and gnotobiotic mice recolonized with specific pathogen-free (SPF) fecal flora (EX-GF). The 5-HT levels in the lumens of the cecum and colon were significantly lower in the GF mice than in the EX-GF mice. Moreover, these levels were rapidly increased, within only 3 days after exposure to SPF microbiota. The majority of 5-HT was in an unconjugated, free form in the EX-GF mice, whereas approximately 50&#37; of the 5-HT was found in the conjugated form in the GF mice. These results further support the current view that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in promoting the production of biologically active, free 5-HT. The deconjugation of glucuronide-conjugated 5-HT by bacterial enzymes is likely one of the mechanisms contributing to free 5-HT production in the gut lumen.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0180745

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Objective(s): Although accumulating evidence has shown that the autonomic nervous system is involved in liver pathology, its role in regulating cancer development remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate its detailed mechanisms. Methods: A mouse model of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer was used. To elucidate the potential mechanisms involved, we examined the effect of selective hepatic vagotomy on the survival rate and liver-to-body weight. We further evaluated the possible involvement of the hepatic sympathetic nerve fibers in this model. Results: The mortality rate and the liver-to-body weight ratio after cancer inoculation were significantly higher in the vagotomized mice than in the sham-operated mice. The vagotomized mice exhibited a transient decrease in hepatic norepinephrine levels following cancer inoculation. Interestingly, the vagotomy-induced exacerbation of liver metastasis was attenuated by supplementary norepinephrine or phenylephrine, a selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist, but not by clonidine, a selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist. Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest that the hepatic vagus nerve may play a protective role against liver metastasis. Hepatic sympathetic nerves may also be involved as a protective efferent loop, possibly acting through the alpha(1-)adrenoceptor. (C) 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000487483

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Hosts and their microbes have established a sophisticated communication system over many millennia. Within mammalian hosts, this dynamic cross-talk is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In a genetically susceptible host, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and dysregulated immune responses are central to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous surveys of stool from the T-bet(-/-)Rag2(-/-) IBD mouse model revealed microbial features that discriminate between health and disease states. Enterobacteriaceae expansion and increased gene abundances for benzoate degradation, two-component systems, and bacterial motility proteins pointed to the potential involvement of a catecholamine-mediated bacterial signaling axis in colitis pathogenesis. Enterobacteriaceae sense and respond tomicrobiota-generated signals and host-derived catecholamines through the two-component quorum-sensing Escherichia coli regulators B and C (QseBC) system. On signal detection, QseC activates a cascade to induce virulence gene expression. Although a single pathogen has not been identified as a causative agent in IBD, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) have been implicated. Flagellar expression is necessary for the IBD-associated AIEC strain LF82 to establish colonization. Thus, we hypothesized that qseC inactivation could reduce LF82's virulence, and found that an absence of qseC leads to down-regulated flagellar expression and motility in vitro and reduced colonization in vivo. We extend these findings on the potential of QseC-based IBD therapeutics to three preclinical IBD models, wherein we observe that QseC blockade can effectively modulate colitogenic microbiotas to reduce intestinal inflammation. Collectively, our data support a role for QseC-mediated bacterial signaling in IBD pathogenesis and indicate that QseC inhibition may be a useful microbiota-targeted approach for disease management.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1612836114

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Study Objectives: This study aimed to determine the consequences of snoring independent of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypothesized that snoring sound intensity, as assessed by mean tracheal sound (TS) energy (Leq), is related to morning blood pressure (BP).Methods: A home-based TS monitoring study was performed for two nights on 191 workers in Japan using an IC recorder. Leq and the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) were calculated from the TS data. RDI was used as a marker of OSA severity. Systolic and diastolic BP measurements in the evening and morning (eSBP/eDBP and mSBP/mDBP, respectively) were done before and after TS recording. The data of the second night were analyzed.Results: Leq was significantly related to both mSBP and mDBP (r = 0.32, p < 0.0001; r = 0.34, p < 0.0001, respectively). Leq was also significantly related to morning BP after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. However, the relationship was no longer significant when both RDI and Leq were included in the multiple regression model. In non-apneic, non-obese subjects, Leq was significantly related to both mSBP and mDBP (r = 0.38, p < 0.0001; r = 0.33, p = 0.0004, respectively). In this group, Leq was associated with mSBP after adjusting for all confounding factors (n = 106, p = 0.022).Conclusions: The association between night TS intensity and morning BP suggests a pathological role of heavy snoring. To understand this association, a prospective cohort study in a general population is warranted.

DOI： 10.5664/jcsm.6340

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between diabetes and brain or hippocampal atrophy in an elderly population.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 1,238 community-dwelling Japanese subjects aged >= 65 years underwent brain MRI scans and a comprehensive health examination in 2012. Total brain volume (TBV), intracranial volume (ICV), and hippocampal volume (HV) were measured using MRI scans for each subject. We examined the associations between diabetes-related parameters and the ratios of TBV to ICV (an indicator of global brain atrophy), HV to ICV (an indicator of hippocampal atrophy), and HV to TBV (an indicator of hippocampal atrophy beyond global brain atrophy) after adjustment for other potential confounders.RESULTSThe multivariable-adjusted mean values of the TBV-to-ICV, HV-to-ICV, and HV-to-TBV ratios were significantly lower in the subjects with diabetes compared with those without diabetes (77.6&#37; vs. 78.2&#37; for the TBV-to-ICV ratio, 0.513&#37; vs. 0.529&#37; for the HV-to-ICV ratio, and 0.660&#37; vs. 0.676&#37; for the HV-to-TBV ratio; all P < 0.01). These three ratios decreased significantly with elevated 2-h postload glucose (PG) levels (all P for trend < 0.05) but not fasting plasma glucose levels. Longer duration of diabetes was significantly associated with lower TBV-to-ICV, HV-to-ICV, and HV-to-TBV ratios. The subjects with diabetes diagnosed in midlife had significantly lower HV-to-ICV and HV-to-TBV ratios than those without and those diagnosed in late life.CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that a longer duration of diabetes and elevated 2-h PG levels, a marker of postprandial hyperglycemia, are risk factors for brain atrophy, particularly hippocampal atrophy.

DOI： 10.2337/dc15-2800

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Activation of the sympathetic nervous systemis essential for coping with environmental stressors such as fearful stimuli. Recent human imaging studies demonstrated that activity in some cortical regions, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula cortex (aIC), is related to sympathetic activity. However, little is known about the functional brain connectivity related to sympathetic response to fearful stimuli. The participants were 32 healthy, right-handed volunteers. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine brain activity when watching horror and control movies. Fingertip temperature was taken during the scanning as a measure of sympathetic response. The movies were watched a second time, and the degree of fear (9-point Likert-type scale) was evaluated every three seconds. The brain activity of the ACC, bilateral aIC, and bilateral anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) was correlated with the change rate of fingertip temperature, with or without fearful stimuli. Functional connectivity analysis revealed significantly greater positive functional connectivity between the amygdala and the ACC and between the amygdala and the aIC when watching the horror movie than when watching the control movie. Whole-brain psycho-physiological interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that the functional connectivity between the left amygdala and the ACC was modulated according to the fear rating. Our results indicate that the increased functional connectivity between the left amygdala and the ACC represents a sympathetic response to fearful stimuli. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.040

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Happiness is one of the most fundamental human goals, which has led researchers to examine the source of individual happiness. Happiness has usually been discussed regarding two aspects (a temporary positive emotion and a trait-like long-term sense of being happy) that are interrelated; for example, individuals with a high level of trait-like subjective happiness tend to rate events as more pleasant. In this study, we hypothesized that the interaction between the two aspects of happiness could be explained by the interaction between structure and function in certain brain regions. Thus, we first assessed the association between gray matter density (GMD) of healthy participants and trait-like subjective happiness using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Further, to assess the association between the GMD and brain function, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the task of positive emotion induction (imagination of several emotional life events). VBM indicated that the subjective happiness was positively correlated with the GMD of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). Functional MRI demonstrated that experimentally induced temporal happy feelings were positively correlated with subjective happiness level and rACC activity. The rACC response to positive events was also positively correlated with its GMD. These results provide convergent structural and functional evidence that the rACC is related to happiness and suggest that the interaction between structure and function in the rACC may explain the trait-state interaction in happiness. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.020

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Helping behavior is motivated by empathic concern for others in distress. Although empathic concern is pervasive in daily life, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. Empathic concern involves the suppression of the emotional response to others' distress, which occurs when individuals distance themselves emotionally from the distressed individual. We hypothesized that helping behavior induced by empathic concern, accompanied by perspective-taking, would attenuate the neural activation representing aversive feelings. We also predicted reward system activation due to the positive feeling resulting from helping behavior. Participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while playing a virtual ball-toss game. In some blocks ("concern condition"), one player ("isolated player") did not receive ball-tosses from other players. In this condition, participants increased ball-tosses to the isolated player (helping behavior). Participants then evaluated the improved enjoyment of the isolated player resulting from their helping behavior. Anterior cingulate activation during the concern condition was attenuated by the evaluation of the effect of helping behavior. The right temporoparietal junction, which is involved in perspective-taking and the dorsal striatum, part of the reward system, were also activated during the concern condition. These results suggest that humans can attenuate affective arousal by anticipating the positive outcome of empathic concern through perspective-taking.

DOI： 10.1080/17470919.2015.1049709

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

During a dyadic social interaction, two individuals can share visual attention through gaze, directed to each other (mutual gaze) or to a third person or an object (joint attention). Shared attention is fundamental to dyadic face-to-face interaction, but how attention is shared, retained, and neutrally represented in a pair-specific manner has not been well studied. Here, we conducted a two-day hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging study in which pairs of participants performed a real-time mutual gaze task followed by a joint attention task on the first day, and mutual gaze tasks several days later. The joint attention task enhanced eye-blink synchronization, which is believed to be a behavioral index of shared attention. When the same participant pairs underwent mutual gaze without joint attention on the second day, enhanced eye-blink synchronization persisted, and this was positively correlated with inter-individual neural synchronization within the right inferior frontal gyrus. Neural synchronization was also positively correlated with enhanced eye-blink synchronization during the previous joint attention task session. Consistent with the Hebbian association hypothesis, the right inferior frontal gyrus had been activated both by initiating and responding to joint attention. These results indicate that shared attention is represented and retained by pair-specific neural synchronization that cannot be reduced to the individual level. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.076

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychological illness with devastating physical consequences; however, its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Because numerous reports have indicated the importance of gut microbiota in the regulation of weight gain, it is reasonable to speculate that AN patients might have a microbial imbalance, i.e. dysbiosis, in their gut. In this study, we compared the fecal microbiota of female patients with AN (n = 25), including restrictive (ANR, n = 14) and binge-eating (ANBP, n = 11) subtypes, with those of age-matched healthy female controls (n = 21) using the Yakult Intestinal Flora-SCAN based on 16S or 23S rRNA-targeted RT-quantitative PCR technology. AN patients had significantly lower amounts of total bacteria and obligate anaerobes including those from the Clostridium coccoides group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, and Bacteroides fragilis group than the age-matched healthy women. Lower numbers of Streptococcus were also found in the AN group than in the control group. In the analysis based on AN subtypes, the counts of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the ANR and ANBP groups and the counts of the Clostridium coccoides group in the ANR group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The detection rate of the Lactobacillus plantarum subgroup was significantly lower in the AN group than in the control group. The AN group had significantly lower acetic and propionic acid concentrations in the feces than the control group. Moreover, the subtype analysis showed that the fecal concentrations of acetic acid were lower in the ANR group than in the control group. Principal component analysis confirmed a clear difference in the bacterial components between the AN patients and healthy women. Collectively, these results clearly indicate the existence of dysbiosis in the gut of AN patients.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0145274

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

When animals suffer from viral infections, they develop a set of symptoms known as the "sickness response." Recent studies suggest that psychological stress can modulate the sickness response. However, it remains uncertain whether acute and chronic psychosocial stresses have the same effect on viral infection-induced sickness responses. To address this question, we compared changes in polyI:C-induced sickness responses, such as fever, change of body weight and food intake, mechanical allodynia, and depressive-like behavior, in rats that had been pre-exposed to single and repeated social defeat stresses. Intraperitoneal injection of polyI:C induced a maximal fever of 38.0 degrees C 3 h after injection. Rats exposed to prior social defeat stress exhibited blunted febrile responses, which were more pronounced in the repeated stress group. Furthermore, only the repeated stress group showed late-onset and prolonged mechanical allodynia lasting until 8 days after injection in the von Frey test and prolonged immobility time in the forced swim test 9 days post-injection. To assess the role of glucocorticoids and microglia in the delayed and persistent development of these sickness responses in rats exposed to repeated stress, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, and minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, on polyI:C-induced allodynia and depressive-like behavior. Pretreatment with either drug inhibited both the delayed allodynia and depressive-like behavior. The present study demonstrates that repeated, but not single, social defeat stress followed by systemic polyI:C administration induced prolonged allodynia and depressive-like behavior in rats. Our results show that even though a single-event psychosocial stress does not have any effect by itself, animals may develop persistent allodynia and depressive-like behavior when they suffer from an infectious disease if they are pre-exposed to repeated or chronic psychosocial stress. Furthermore, this study suggests that stress-induced corticosterone and microglial activation play a pivotal role in this phenomenon. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.050

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Many reports have been published concerning how psychosocial stress influences the occurrence and progression of allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. As for asthma, a typical allergic disease often accompanied by psychosomatic related problems, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), international medical guidelines for asthma, describes psychosocial problems as causative factors of poor asthma control and as risk factors for asthma exacerbation, even if symptoms are well controlled. However, because there is little high quality evidence for effective treatments for asthma patients with psychosocial problems, concrete assessments and treatments for such problems is scarcely described in GINA. Therefore, psychosomatic intervention for asthma patients is not effectively conducted on a worldwide scale. In contrast, the "Japanese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychosomatic Diseases" describe the assessment and treatment of psychosomatic disorders in detail. In the guidelines, psychosocial factors are classified into five categories; 1) Relation between stress and asthma occurrence or progression, 2) Relation between emotion and asthma symptoms, 3) Problems related to a patient's character and behaviors, 4) Problems of daily life and Quality of Life (QOL), and 5) Problems related to family relationships and life history. The employment of a self-administered questionnaire, the "Psychosomatic Questionnaire related to Asthmatic Occurrence and Progression", is useful for clarifying psychosocial factors and for setting up treatment strategies according to the problems identified. The Japanese guidelines have been proven to be useful, but empirical evidence for their effectiveness is still relatively limited. It will be necessary in the future to accumulate high-quality evidence and to revise the psychosomatic approaches in the guidelines that are universally valid.

DOI： 10.1186/s13030-015-0036-2

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Although active listening is an influential behavior, which can affect the social responses of others, the neural correlates underlying its perception have remained unclear. Sensing active listening in social interactions is accompanied by an improvement in the recollected impressions of relevant experiences and is thought to arouse positive feelings. We therefore hypothesized that the recognition of active listening activates the reward system, and that the emotional appraisal of experiences that had been subject to active listening would be improved. To test these hypotheses, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on participants viewing assessments of their own personal experiences made by evaluators with or without active listening attitude. Subjects rated evaluators who showed active listening more positively. Furthermore, they rated episodes more positively when they were evaluated by individuals showing active listening. Neural activation in the ventral striatum was enhanced by perceiving active listening, suggesting that this was processed as rewarding. It also activated the right anterior insula, representing positive emotional reappraisal processes. Furthermore, the mentalizing network was activated when participants were being evaluated, irrespective of active listening behavior. Therefore, perceiving active listening appeared to result in positive emotional appraisal and to invoke mental state attribution to the active listener.

DOI： 10.1080/17470919.2014.954732

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The visual perception of others' body parts is critical for understanding and imitating their behavior. The visual cortex in humans includes the extrastriate body area (EBA), which is a large portion of the occipitotemporal cortex that is selectively responsive to visually perceived body parts. Previous neuroimaging studies showed that the EBA not only receives sensory inputs regarding others' body information but also receives kinesthetic feedback regarding one's own actions. This finding raised the possibility that the EBA could be formed via nonvisual sensory modalities. However, the effect of visual deprivation on the formation of the EBA has remained largely unknown. Here, we used fMRI to investigate the effect of vision loss on the development of the EBA. Blind and sighted human subjects performed equally well in a haptic-identification task involving three categories of objects (hand shapes, toy cars, and teapots). The superior part (i.e., the middle temporal gyrus and angular gyrus) of the EBA and the supramarginal gyrus showed greater sensitivity to recognized hand shapes than to inanimate objects, regardless of the sensory modality and visual experience. Unlike the superior part of the EBA, the sensitivity of the inferior part (i.e., the inferior temporal sulcus and middle occipital gyrus) depended on visual experience. However, this vision-dependent sensitivity explained minor individual differences in hand-recognition performance. These results indicate that nonvisual modalities drive the development of the cortical network underlying the recognition of hand gestures with a node in the visual cortex.

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0500-14.2014

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the practice of yoga reduces perceived stress and negative feelings and that it improves psychological symptoms. Our previous study also suggested that long-term yoga training improves stress-related psychological symptoms such as anxiety and anger. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of yoga practice on somatization, the most common stress-related physical symptoms, and stress-related biomarkers. We performed a prospective, single arm study to examine the beneficial effects of 12 weeks of yoga training on somatization, psychological symptoms, and stress-related biomarkers. METHODS: We recruited healthy women who had no experience with yoga. The data of 24 participants who were followed during 12 weeks of yoga training were analyzed. Somatization and psychological symptoms were assessed before and after 12 weeks of yoga training using the Profile of Mood State (POMS) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaires. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), biopyrrin, and cortisol levels were measured as stress-related biomarkers. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the stress-related biomarkers and the scores of questionnaires before and after 12 weeks of yoga training. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of yoga training, all negative subscale scores (tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue, and confusion) from the POMS and somatization, anxiety, depression, and hostility from the SCL-90-R were significantly decreased compared with those before starting yoga training. Contrary to our expectation, the urinary 8-OHdG concentration after 12 weeks of yoga training showed a significant increase compared with that before starting yoga training. No significant changes were observed in the levels of urinary biopyrrin and cortisol after the 12 weeks of yoga training. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga training has the potential to reduce the somatization score and the scores related to mental health indicators, such as anxiety, depression, anger, and fatigue. The present findings suggest that yoga can improve somatization and mental health status and has implications for the prevention of psychosomatic symptoms in healthy women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000007868.

DOI： 10.1186/1751-0759-8-1

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The reputation of others influences partner selection in human cooperative behaviors through verbal reputation representation. Although the way in which humans represent the verbal reputations of others is a pivotal issue for social neuroscience, the neural correlates underlying the representation of verbal reputations of others are unclear. Humans primarily depend on self-evaluation when assessing reputation of self. Likewise, humans might primarily depend on self-evaluation of others when representing their reputation. As interaction promotes the formation of more nuanced, individualized impressions of an interaction partner, humans tend to form self-evaluations of persons with whom they are intimate in their daily life. Thus, we hypothesized that the representation of reputation of others is modulated by intimacy due to one's own evaluation formation of that person. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment with 11 pairs of romantic partners while they viewed an evaluation of a target person (self, partner [intimate other], or stranger [non-intimate other]), made by other evaluators. When compared with strangers, viewing evaluations of self and partner activated overlapping regions in the medial prefrontal cortex. Verbal reputation of self-specific activation was found in the precuneus, which represents self-related processing. The data suggest that midline structures represent reputation of self. In addition, intimacy-modulated activation in the medial prefrontal cortex suggests that the verbal reputation of intimate others is represented similarly to reputation of self. These results suggest that the reputation representation in the medial prefrontal cortex is engaged by verbal reputation of self and intimate others stemming from both own and other evaluators' judgments.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0074958

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Asano Y, Hiramoto T, Nishino R, Aiba Y, Kimura T, Yoshihara K, Koga Y, Sudo N. Critical role of gut microbiota in the production of biologically active, free catecholamines in the gut lumen of mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 303: G1288-G1295, 2012. First published October 11, 2012; doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00341.2012.-There is increasing interest in the bidirectional communication between the mammalian host and prokaryotic cells. Catecholamines (CA), candidate molecules for such communication, are presumed to play an important role in the gut lumen; however, available evidence is limited because of the lack of actual data about luminal CA. This study evaluated luminal CA levels in the gastrointestinal tract and elucidated the involvement of gut microbiota in the generation of luminal CA by comparing the findings among specific pathogen-free mice (SPF-M), germ-free mice (GF-M), and gnotobiotic mice. Substantial levels of free dopamine and norepinephrine were identified in the gut lumen of SPF-M. The free CA levels in the gut lumen were lower in GF-M than in SPF-M. The majority of CA was a biologically active, free form in SPF-M, whereas it was a biologically inactive, conjugated form in GF-M. The association of GF-M with either Clostridium species or SPF fecal flora, both of which have abundant beta-glucuronidase activity, resulted in the drastic elevation of free CA. The inoculation of E. coli strain into GF-M induced a substantial amount of free CA, but the inoculation of its mutant strain deficient in the beta-glucuronidase gene did not. The intraluminal administration of DA increased colonic water absorption in an in vivo ligated loop model of SPF-M, thus suggesting that luminal DA plays a role as a proabsorptive modulator of water transport in the colon. These results indicate that gut microbiota play a critical role in the generation of free CA in the gut lumen.

DOI： 10.1152/ajpgi.00341.2012

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown the short-term or intermediate-term practice of yoga to be useful for ameliorating several mental disorders and psychosomatic disorders. However, little is known about the long-term influences of yoga on the mental state or stress-related biochemical indices. If yoga training has a stress-reduction effect and also improves an individual's mental states for a long time, long-term yoga practitioners may have a better mental state and lower stress-related biochemical indices in comparison to non-experienced participants. This study simultaneously examined the differences in mental states and urinary stress-related biochemical indices between long-term yoga practitioners and non-experienced participants. METHODS: The participants were 38 healthy females with more than 2 years of experience with yoga (long-term yoga group) and 37 age-matched healthy females who had not participated in yoga (control group). Their mental states were assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. The level of cortisol, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and biopyrrin in urine were used as stress-related biochemical indices. RESULTS: The average self-rated mental disturbance, tension-anxiety, anger-hostility, and fatigue scores of the long-term yoga group were lower than those of the control group. There was a trend toward a higher vigor score in the long-term yoga group than that in the control group. There were no significant differences in the scores for depression and confusion in the POMS between the two groups. The urine 8-OHdG concentration showed a trend toward to being lower in the long-term yoga group in comparison to the control group. There were no significant differences in the levels of urine biopyrrin or cortisol. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that long-term yoga training can reduce the scores related to mental health indicators such as self-rated anxiety, anger, and fatigue.

DOI： 10.1186/1751-0759-5-6

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We hypothesized that snoring sound intensity may be associated with daytime blood pressure independent of sleep apnea. We aimed to test this hypothesis in a cross-sectional study. The study subjects comprised 515 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) for suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. Blood pressure was measured in the seated position at rest during the first hospital visit. Snoring sound intensity was assessed by the highest one percentile ambient sound pressure level (L1) while the patient slept during PSG. Of these, 378 patients who had no antihypertensive medication with sufficient data were included in our analysis. We classified the subjects into a non-to-mild OSA group (n = 200; apnea-hypopnea index: AHI < 15) and a moderate-to-severe OSA group (n = 178; AHI >= 15). L1 was correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.30 [P < 0.0001] and r = 0.40 [P < 0.0001], respectively) in all of the subjects. A multivariate regression analysis showed L1 to be significantly associated with both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure after adjusting for AHI and other confounding factors (P = 0.017 and P = 0.012, respectively) only in the non-to-mild OSA group. Snoring sound intensity may be independently associated with daytime blood pressure in patients with either primary snoring or mild OSA.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2010.00455.x

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Objective: To investigate if pyrogenic cytokines mediated psychological stress-induced hyperthermic response in a patient with psychogenic fever. Despite many case reports on psychogenic fever, the mechanism responsible for how psychological stress increases core body temperature (Tc) in humans is not yet known. Case Presentation: A 13-year-old girl with fever (>38 degrees C) of unknown causes was referred to our department because psychogenic fever was suspected. To determine if the fever was actually induced by psychological stress, we conducted a 60-minute stress interview. Her baseline oral temperature was 36.60 degrees C and it began to increase immediately after commencement of the interview, reaching a maximum of 37.42 degrees C 20 minutes after the end of the interview. The plasma level of prostaglandin E-2 and the serum interleukin-6 level were increased 90 minutes after the interview. Serum levels of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha were all less than their minimum detectable level throughout the observation period. We also measured the patient's thermal preference by immersing her hands in warm (40 degrees C) and cold (20 degrees C) water. Her preference changed from cold to warm only during the increasing phase of oral temperature. Conclusions: This case report shows that a stress interview actually increased Tc in a patient with psychogenic fever. This study suggests that, although pyrogenic cytokines are not involved, the stress interview-induced increase in Tc was an active hyperthermia under the control of the brain, as is infection-induced fever.

DOI： 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181bfb02b

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Functional somatic syndrome (FSS) has received a great deal of attention in recent years, and most have been treated as psychosomatic disorders. A psychosomatic disorder is a physical disorder that is closely related to psychosocial factors that affect the onset or clinical course of the disease. For most patients with FSS, the mind-body relationship is related to psychosocial stress. It is important to consider the psychosocial background of the patient as it relates to their pathology. Our psychosocial model that includes four psychosocial factors and our five-step treatment program for patients with functional somatic syndromes are presented.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Functional somatic syndrome (FSS) has received a great deal of attention in recent years, and most have been treated as psychosomatic disorders. A psychosomatic disorder is a physical disorder that is closely related to psychosocial factors that affect the onset or clinical course of the disease. For most patients with FSS, the mind-body relationship is related to psychosocial stress. It is important to consider the psychosocial background of the patient as it relates to their pathology. Our psychosocial model that includes four psychosocial factors and our five-step treatment program for patients with functional somatic syndromes are presented.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Background & Aims: Although accumulating evidence has recently shown that the efferent vagus nerve attenuates systemic inflammation, it remains unclear whether or not the vagus nerve can affect Fas-induced liver apoptosis. We investigated the effect of the vagus nerve by using a selective hepatic vagotomy. Methods: We assessed the mortality and apoptosis in Fas-induced fulminant hepatitis in sham-operated and vagotomized male C57BL/6 mice. To determine how the nerve influences hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatitis was preceded by pretreatment with nicotine; PNU-282987, an alpha 7 nicotinic acetylchofine receptor (AChR) agonist; liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate (lipo-Cl(2)MDP), a macrophage eliminator; and Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP), an oxidative inhibitor. Results: Mortality in the vagotomized mice was significantly higher than that in the sham-operated mice following intravenous administration with the anti-Fas antibody Jo-2. This result was also supported by the data from both terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and caspase-3 assay, in which vagotomized livers showed a significant elevation in the number of apoptotic hepatocytes and increased caspase-3 activity following Jo-2 treatment compared with the sham-operated livers. Supplementation with nicotine and PNU-282987 dose dependently inhibited this detrimental effect of the vagotomy. Moreover, the vagotomy-triggered exacerbation of Fas-induced hepatitis was completely blocked by lipo-Cl(2)MDP. Similarly, pretreatment with MnTBAP also completely suppressed the vagotomy-triggered exacerbation. Conclusions: The hepatic vagus nerve appears to play an important role in attenuating Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis through alpha 7 nicotinic AChR, perhaps by causing the Kupffer cells to reduce their generation of an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species.

DOI： 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.005

Language：Japanese  

The effect of aromatherapy on psychological stress resulting from visual stimulus as assessed by electroencephalogram
アロマテラピーは、心身の不調和を改善する効果があることが知られている。そこで、アロマテラピーの効果について検討するために、香り暴露前後において情動視覚刺激ストレスを負荷したときの健常者の脳波を測定した。その結果、香り暴露前ではニュートラルな視覚刺激と比較し、ネガティブな視覚刺激ストレスによって前頭葉においてδ波の振幅が減少し、後頭葉においてδ波、α波、およびβ波の振幅が減少し、左前頭葉から左側頭葉においてγ波の振幅が減少したが、香り暴露後ではこれらの振幅の有意な変化はほとんど認められなかった。今回の調査により、ネガティブな視覚刺激ストレスに対する覚醒度・緊張度の上昇や視覚活動や思考活動の減少がアロマテラピーによって緩和される可能性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND & AIMS: A CD30-ligand (CD30L) is a 40-kilodalton, type II membrane-associated glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family. Serum levels of soluble CD30 increased in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), suggesting that CD30L/CD30 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this study, we investigated the role of CD30L in oxazolone (OXA)- and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in CD30L knockout (KO) mice. METHODS: Colitis was induced by OXA or TNBS in CD30LKO mice with BALB/c or C57BL/6 background, respectively, and diverse clinical signs of the disease were evaluated. Cytokine production from lamina propria T cells of the colon was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-interleukin (IL)-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or agonistic anti-CD30 mAb was inoculated in mice with colitis induced by OXA or TNBS. RESULTS: CD30LKO mice were susceptible to OXA-induced colitis but resistant to TNBS-induced acute colitis. The levels of T helper cell 2 type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 in the LP T cells were significantly higher, but the levels of interferon gamma were lower in OXA- or TNBS-treated CD30LKO mice than in wild-type mice. In vivo administration of agonistic anti-CD30 mAb ameliorated OXA-induced colitis but aggravated TNBS-induced colitis in CD30LKO mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CD30L/CD30 signaling is involved in development of both OXA- and TNBS-induced colitis. Modulation of CD30L/CD30 signaling by mAb could be a novel biologic therapy for IBD.

DOI： 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.004

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

IL-15 is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We found that IL-15 plays an important role in the development of murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The incidence and severity of CIA were slightly decreased in IL-15 KO mice but were increased in IL-15 Tg mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The levels of type 11 collagen (CII)-specific IL-17 production were significantly increased in IL-15 Tg mice compared with WT mice with CIA. Expression of IL-23R was up-regulated in CD4(+) T cells in IL-15 Tg mice but down-regulated in IL-15 KO mice compared with WT mice. In correlation with the expression levels of IL-23R, IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells in response to exogenous IL-23 was increased in IL-15 Tg mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, exogenous IL-15 synergized with IL-23 to induce CII-specific IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-15 plays an important role in the progression of CIA through increasing antigen-specific IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells.

DOI： 10.1002/eji.200737229

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Facteur thymique serique (FTS), a thymic hormone with nonapeptide is involved in T cell differentiation in intestine. Here we investigated the effect of FTS on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously treated with 1 mu g/mouse/day of FTS daily. FTS did not affect the course of acute colitis induced by DSS as assessed by survival rate, clinical activity of diseases, extent of tissue damage of colons. On the other hand, FTS significantly ameliorated chronic colitis induced by multiple cycles of DSS as reflected by lower lethality, weight loss, clinical scores and histological scores. The levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin 1(IL-1)-beta, and IL-12p40 in the culture supernatants of lamina propria (LP) cells of colon without any stimulation and IFN-gamma by T cells in the LP T cells under T cell receptor (TCR) triggering were reduced in FTS-treated mice, whereas the levels of IL-10 by LP cells and LPT cells were higher in FTS-treated mice. Thus, FTS may serve to suppress inflammation in DSS-induced chronic colitis accompanied by increased IL-10 production. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.02.014

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A tailor-made management plan that includes various combinations of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is important. We present an overview of four aspects of our medical treatment and management for CFS: introduction of our medical management system, summary of our management strategy, non-pharmacologic therapy, and pharmacologic therapy; according to foreign guidelines and the latest studies. The main non-pharmacologic therapies for CFS are rehabilitation and lifestyle guidance. Using a graded exercise therapy, we have constructed a broad management strategy for CFS. Herein we introduce our graded exercise therapy. If the symptoms continue despite careful management of the program by the physician, consultation with a psychiatrist or psychosomatic medicine specialist is necessary.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A tailor-made management plan that includes various combinations of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is important. We present an overview of four aspects of our medical treatment and management for CFS: introduction of our medical management system, summary of our management strategy, non-pharmacologic therapy, and pharmacologic therapy; according to foreign guidelines and the latest studies. The main non-pharmacologic therapies for CFS are rehabilitation and lifestyle guidance. Using a graded exercise therapy, we have constructed a broad management strategy for CFS. Herein we introduce our graded exercise therapy. If the symptoms continue despite careful management of the program by the physician, consultation with a psychiatrist or psychosomatic medicine specialist is necessary.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

During the course of acute infection with an intracellular pathogen, Ag-specific T cells proliferate in the expansion phase, and then most of the T cells die by apoptosis in the following contraction phase, but the few that survive become memory cells and persist for a long period of time. Although IL-15 is known to play an important role in long-term maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells, the potential roles of IL-15 in CD8+ T cell contraction are not known. Using an adoptive transfer system of OT-I cells expressing OVA257-264/Kb-specific TCR into control, IL-15 knockout (KO) and IL-15 transgenic (Tg) mice followed by challenge with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing OVA, we found that the survival of CD44+CD62L-CD127- effector OT-I cells during the contraction phase is critically dependent on IL-15. In correlation with the expression level of Bcl-2 in OT-I cells, the number of OT-I cells was markedly reduced in IL-15 KO mice but remained at a high level in IL-15 Tg mice during the contraction phase, compared with control mice. In vivo administration of rIL-15 during the contraction phase in IL-15 KO mice inhibited the contraction of effector OT-I cells accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, enforced expression of Bcl-2 protected the majority of effector OT-I cells from death in IL-15 KO mice after infection. These results suggest that IL-15 plays a critical role in protecting effector CD8+ T cells from apoptosis during the contraction phase following a microbial infection via inducing antiapoptotic molecules.

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

Language：Others   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：Others   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：Japanese  

Total pages：xiii, 225p   Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Language：Others  

Language：Others  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

Language：Japanese   Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：大阪市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：福岡市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：Conference Centre Nuovo Ingresso di Careggi (NIC)   Country：Italy  

Event date： 2018.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：福岡市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.12

Language：Japanese  

Venue：奈良   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.8

Language：English  

Venue：Fukuoka   Country：Japan  

相手の気持ちを推察することによって怒りをコントロールすることができること、および機能的MRIを用いてその脳内のネットワークの変化を明らかにした

Event date： 2016.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：仙台   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：横浜   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2015.8 - 2016.8

Language：English  

Venue：Glasgow, Scotland   Country：United Kingdom  

Event date： 2015.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：千葉   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：Lisbon   Country：Portugal  

Event date： 2009.6

Language：Others  

Country：Japan  

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Language：Others  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.1

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Event date： 2024.1

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Event date： 2024.1

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Event date： 2023.12

Language：Others  

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The Significance and Methods of Integrating Mindfulness Into Qigong

Event date： 2023.12

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2023.12

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2023.12

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2023.11

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Event date： 2023.7

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Event date： 2023.7

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Event date： 2023.7

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Event date： 2023.1

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Event date： 2023.1

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Event date： 2022.11

Language：Others  

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Event date： 2022.11

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Event date： 2022.11

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Event date： 2022.11

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Event date： 2022.6

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Event date： 2022.6

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Event date： 2022.6

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Event date： 2022.4

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慢性疲労症候群(CFS)患者のエゴグラムと精神症状の関連について明らかにすることを目的に、A病院心療内科に入院したCFS患者34名(男性8名、女性26名、平均年齢34.6±14.7歳)を対象に、東大式エゴグラムバージョンII(TEGII)、抑うつ状態自己評価尺度(CES-D)、症状チェックリスト(SCL-90-R)を実施した。TEGIIのFC(自由な子どもの自我状態)の得点と抑うつ、強迫症状、対人過敏の得点との関連を検討した結果、FCと強迫症状、FCと対人過敏のそれぞれの間で、有意な負の相関がみられたほか、FCと抑うつの間にも負の相関が認められ、有意ではないものの、有意傾向にあった。また、TEGIIのAC(適応的な子どもの自我状態)の得点と抑うつ、強迫症状、対人過敏の得点との関連を検討した結果、ACと抑うつ、ACと強迫症状、ACと対人過敏のそれぞれの間で、有意な正の相関がみられた。

Event date： 2022.1

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Event date： 2022.1 - 2024.1

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Event date： 2021.12

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2021.7

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Association between brain volume and psychological factors in patients with fibromyalgia

Event date： 2021.7

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Event date： 2021.1

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Event date： 2021.1

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Event date： 2021.1

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Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2020.10

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2019.12

Language：Japanese  

Venue：鹿児島市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：大阪市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：大阪市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：大阪市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：大阪市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：大阪市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.11

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：福岡市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：福岡市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2019.10

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Event date： 2019.5

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2019.1

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Venue：鹿児島県医師会館   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019

Language：English  

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Event date： 2019

Language：English  

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Event date： 2018.11

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Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.11

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Event date： 2018.11

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Event date： 2018.10

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Event date： 2018.8

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Venue：Kyung Hee University   Country：Korea, Republic of  

Event date： 2018.8

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Venue：Kyung Hee University   Country：Korea, Republic of  

Event date： 2018.7

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Event date： 2018.7

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Event date： 2018.7

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Event date： 2018.6

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Venue：愛知県名古屋市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知県名古屋市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知県名古屋市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知県名古屋市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知県名古屋市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知県名古屋市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.5

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Venue：福岡市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.5

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Venue：福岡市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.5

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Event date： 2018.5

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Event date： 2018.5

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Event date： 2018.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡県   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡県   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：鹿児島県鹿児島市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：鹿児島県鹿児島市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.11

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Event date： 2017.11

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2017.9

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Venue：Beijing   Country：China  

Event date： 2017.9

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Venue：Beijing   Country：China  

Event date： 2017.9

Language：English  

Venue：beijing   Country：China  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：名古屋大学 東山キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：札幌コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.6

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Event date： 2017.6

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Event date： 2017.6

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Event date： 2017.6

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Event date： 2017.6

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Event date： 2017.6

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Event date： 2017.6

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Event date： 2017.5

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Venue：名古屋大学 東山キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.4

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Event date： 2017.4

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Event date： 2017.1

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Venue：熊本   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.1

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Venue：熊本   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.12

Language：Japanese  

Venue：奈良   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.12

Language：Japanese  

Venue：奈良   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.12

Language：Japanese  

Venue：奈良   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：奈良   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：Fukuoka   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：Fukuoka   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.8

Language：English  

Venue：Fukuoka   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.7

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Event date： 2016.7

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Event date： 2016.6

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Event date： 2016.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2016.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2016.6

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Event date： 2016

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2015.11

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Venue：盛岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2015.8

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Event date： 2015.8

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2015.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2015.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2015.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2015.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2015.1

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Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2015.1

Language：Japanese  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2015.1

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.6

Language：Japanese  

Venue：千葉   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.6

Language：Japanese  

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気管支喘息の心身相関―基礎研究からの知見―

Event date： 2014.6

Language：Japanese  

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腸内細菌は腸クロム親和性細胞からセロトニンを遊離させる

Event date： 2014.6

Language：Japanese  

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エスシタロプラムによるストレス関連疾患の身体症状改善効果

Event date： 2014.1

Language：Japanese  

Venue：大分   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.1

Language：Japanese  

Venue：大分   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.12

Language：Japanese  

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エスシタロプラムによる身体症状の改善効果:予備的研究

Event date： 2013.12

Language：Japanese  

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九州大学における卒前の心身医学教育

Event date： 2013.11

Language：English  

Venue：愛知   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.11

Language：Japanese  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：横浜   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.6

Language：English  

Venue：Kyoto   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.6

Language：English  

Venue：kyoto   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：秋田   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.1 - 2013.2

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.1 - 2013.2

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.1 - 2013.2

Language：Japanese  

Venue：愛知   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2012.11

Language：Japanese  

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転移性肝癌における迷走神経肝枝の役割:マウスモデルによる検討

Event date： 2012.6

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

転移性肝癌における迷走神経肝枝の役割―第2報―

Event date： 2011.11

Language：Japanese  

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アレルギー疾患に対する心身相関の評価および治療の実践

Event date： 2011.9

Language：Japanese  

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fMRIを用いた手つなぎ時の脳活動計測

Event date： 2011.6

Language：Japanese  

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転移性肝癌における迷走神経肝枝の役割:マウスモデルによる検討

Event date： 2011.4

Language：Japanese  

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心療内科におけるアレルギー疾患の病態評価およびその治療ストラテジー

Event date： 2011.2

Language：Japanese  

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幼少時の虐待が病態と関わっていると考えられた不安障害を合併したアトピー咳嗽に対して内観療法の併用が有効と考えられた1例

Event date： 2011

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2011

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Event date： 2010.11

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段階的心身医学的アプローチにて耳症状の改善をみた好酸球性中耳炎の一例

Event date： 2010.11

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2010.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2010.6

Language：Japanese  

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いびき,睡眠時無呼吸と高血圧

Event date： 2010

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2009.11

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一人暮らしに対する不安が持続因子となっていた老年期うつ病の1例

Event date： 2009.10

Language：English  

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Event date： 2009.6

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Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2009.6

Language：Others  

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Event date： 2009.6

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喘息マウスモデルにおいて幼少期の心理的ストレスは成長後の喘息に影響を与えるか?

Event date： 2009.6

Language：Japanese  

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幼少時の虐待が病態と関わっていると考えられたアトピー咳嗽に対して内観療法の併用が有効と考えられた1例

Event date： 2009.5

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2009.5

Language：Japanese  

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幼少時の虐待が病態と関わっていると考えられたアトピー咳嗽に対して内観療法の併用が有効と考えられた1例

Event date： 2009

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2009

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Event date： 2009

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2009

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2009

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Event date： 2008.6

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Venue：札幌   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2008.6

Language：Japanese  

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高齢の閉塞型睡眠時無呼吸症候群患者の臨床的特徴について

Event date： 2008.6

Language：Japanese  

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閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸症候群(OSAS)患者の持続陽圧呼吸療法(CPAP)コンプライアンス

Event date： 2008.6

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

幼少期からの家族関係が病態と関わっていると考えられたうつ病やパニック障害患者に対する内観療法の有効性

Event date： 2008.6

Language：Japanese  

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Fas誘発性劇症肝炎における迷走神経肝枝の庇護作用―第3報―

Event date： 2008

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2008

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2008

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2007.6

Language：Japanese  

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情動視覚刺激ストレス負荷に対するアロマセラピーの効果―脳波を用いた検討―

Event date： 2005.11

Language：Japanese  

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エフェクターCD8T細胞の活性化誘導細胞死はインターロイキン15により制御されている

Event date： 2005.11

Language：Japanese  

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コラーゲン誘導性関節炎モデルにおけるIL‐15の役割

Event date： 2004.11

Language：Japanese  

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デキストラン硫酸(DSS)誘発性急性大腸炎モデルにおけるIL‐15の役割

Event date： 2003.1

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心と身体の健康調査表(STPH)の臨床的有用性

Event date： 2003.1

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関節リウマチ(RA)患者におけるストレス対処行動

Event date： 2003.1

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性機能不全の心身医学的検討

Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2003

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Event date： 2002.12

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職業性ストレス簡易調査票の使用経験 管理職の職場ストレスの認識の検討

Event date： 2002.11

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Country：Other  

当科を受診した摂食障害患者の現状(第2報) 心理テストの観点より

Event date： 2002.11

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Country：Other  

関節リウマチ(RA)患者における心身医学的検討

Event date： 2002.11

Language：Japanese  

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心と身体の健康調査表(STPH)の有用性の検討

Event date： 2001.11

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2001.10

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『勤労者心の健康相談』の現状 第2報 当科を受診した事例について

Event date： 2001

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Language：Others   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

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Language：Others   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Country：Japan  

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Venue：Okayama   Country：Japan  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Venue：Los angels, CA   Country：United States  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

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Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Country：Japan  

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Venue：Florence   Country：Italy  

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：Seoul   Country：Korea, Republic of  

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Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

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Venue：松本   Country：Japan  

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Venue：Tokyo   Country：Japan  

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Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

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Venue：岡崎   Country：Japan  

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不眠の病態理解が重要であった症例

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慢性ストレスはpolyI:C誘発性抑うつ・アロディニアを遷延化させる GC、ミクログリアの関与可能性

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メンタライゼーション(行動の根底にある自分や他者の心の状態を理解すること)による怒りの制御

Language：Japanese  

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腸内細菌の宿主セロトニン系への影響

Language：Japanese  

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心身医学療法が有効であった睡眠障害を合併したアトピー性皮膚炎の2例

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

一般就労者におけるイビキの予測因子について

Language：Japanese  

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小児の脳腸相関 腸内細菌による腸管管腔内カテコラミン・セロトニンの制御と宿主への影響

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Country：Other  

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自我状態はストレス時の怒りやメンタライゼーションによる怒りの制御に関連するか?

Language：Japanese  

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Country：Japan  

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Country：Other  

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

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Country：Japan  

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Country：Japan  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

Publisher：株式会社医学書院  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1405207421

CiNii Research

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本心身医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本ストレス学会  

脳イメージング研究は,脳を画像化(可視化)することにより,脳内の各領域における神経活動の変化とそれに特異的な機能との関連を解明する研究である。なかでも優れた特徴を持つ機能的磁気共鳴画像法を用いた脳イメージング研究が広く行われるようになった。特に,ストレス関連疾患の病態や心理療法による症状改善の機序については不明な点が多かったが,最近のヒトの脳イメージング研究によって徐々に解明されつつある。ストレスによる身体症状や精神症状は,心身相関(心と身体が密接な関係にあること)の観点からみると,共通した脳領域が関連していることが示唆される。例えば,ストレスによる交感神経反応に関連する脳領域として前帯状皮質や島皮質が認められ,これらの脳領域は,ストレスによる症状に関連する共通した脳領域として報告されている。一方,心理療法による症状改善の機序については,心理療法の基礎となる傾聴(積極的に関心を持って相手の話に耳を傾けること),認知的再評価(見方や考え方を変えて,状況について判断すること),マインドフルネス(今この瞬間の自分の体験に注意を向けて,現実をあるがままに受け入れること)によって,前帯状皮質や島皮質の構造的な変化や機能的な変化を引き起こすことが報告されている。これらの報告から,心理療法による前帯状皮質や島皮質の変化を通してストレスによる症状が改善することが推察される。今後は,脳の構造や機能の異常,ストレスによる症状や特性,および生理学的データとの関連を調査することで,脳画像データをバイオマーカーとして治療の指標とすることができると思われる。また,脳画像データ,ストレスによる症状や特性および生理学的データによるクラスター分類を用いてストレス関連疾患群をグループ分けすることで,それぞれのグループに対してより効果的な治療法・予防法の開発につながることが期待される。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本心療内科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)全国大学保健管理協会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本ストレス学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(有)科学評論社  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：大道学館出版部  

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恐怖刺激などのストレスに対処するためには,交感神経系の活性化が不可欠である。恐怖刺激は,脈拍や血圧の上昇,骨格筋への血流量の増加,末梢血管の収縮,末梢体温の低下および中心体温の上昇などの生理状態に影響を与える交感神経活動を亢進させる。私たちが恐怖を感じる場面に遭遇すると脳内の扁桃体が賦活され,これらのストレス反応を引き起こす。恐怖刺激による交感神経反応の一般的なメカニズムは,恐怖の情動とかかわる扁桃体から自律神経機能の中枢である視床下部や脳幹に情報を伝え,交感神経反応を引き起こすと考えられている。しかし,これらの脳領域以外にも前帯状皮質や島皮質を電気刺激することで交感神経反応を引き起こすことが動物実験で報告されている。最近の脳イメージング研究では,単に脳活動を測定するだけでなく,離れた脳領域間の脳活動パターンにおける相関の程度を調べることで,離れた脳領域間の機能的結合を調べることができる。恐怖刺激によって誘発される交感神経活動に関連する脳活動およびその機能的結合を解明することは,情動ストレスが交感神経系を介して身体に影響を及ぼす脳内のネットワークシステムを理解するために重要である。ヒトの脳イメージング研究では,前帯状皮質や前部島皮質の活動は,認知課題遂行中の交感神経活動と関連していることが示されている。また,恐怖刺激によって前帯状皮質や前部島皮質が活性化されるため,これらの脳領域が恐怖情動と交感神経活動を結び付ける接続領域である可能性が高い。つまり,恐怖刺激の情報は,扁桃体から前帯状皮質や前部島皮質を介して自律神経の中枢に伝えられることが示唆される。特に前帯状皮質は,情動の認知や制御にも関係することが報告されているため,恐怖と交感神経系との関連において扁桃体と前帯状皮質の機能的結合が重要な役割を果たしていると考えられる。(著者抄録)

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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平成27年度に看護専門学校(3年課程)の2学年44名に4事例の子どもと家族へ関わる演習を行い、同意が得られた学生42名のレポートを分析し、発達段階の違う子どもと家族に関わる演習を行った学生の学びについて調査した。学生の記述した学びの内容を整理し、一文章、単文を記録単位とし、一つの意味内容を示す文章で区切ってデータとした。このデータを内容に沿ってコード化し、カテゴリー化した。分析の結果、23のサブカテゴリーと「子どもと家族が安心できるように配慮する」「子どもに伝わるように工夫する」「子どもの状況を察する」「子どもがやってみようと思えるように工夫する」「子どもと家族のペースを守る」「子どもの成長発達段階に合わせたアプローチ」の六つのカテゴリーが抽出された。学生は発達段階によって子どもの反応と、子どもと家族に関わる度合いが違うことを実感していた。子どもが泣いてしまう状況などを演習時に設定する必要性が示唆された。

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