Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

To enrich the virtual reality experience and improve realism, many studies have proposed embedding tactile devices into head-mounted displays (HMDs). However, although thermal and vibrotactile cues have become commonplace, presentation of the constant pressure necessary for softness expression remains relatively rare. In this study, we propose a suction-type tactile presentation method that addresses this issue. Through subjective evaluation and simulation using the finite element method, we verified that the proposed suction-type tactile presentation method is suitable for use with HMDs and that by increasing the number and density of the suction holes, a stronger tactile sensation can be created.

DOI： 10.3389/frvir.2022.894873

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

We present ExtEdge, a design and method for augmenting the visual experiences of a smartphone using electro-tactile stimulation. We aim to explore new interactions through tactile augmentation of visual information, such as virtual characters, at the edges of the screen. ExtEdge presents distributed tactile sensations through electrical stimulations from electrode arrays mounted on both edges of the smartphone. This distributed tactile stimulus fits the image at the edges of the screen and provides a more realistic presentation. We first investigated two-point discrimination thresholds in the contact areas of the grasp - middle finger, ring finger, thumb, and thenar eminence - as a performance evaluation of the distributed tactile presentation and found that our design was adequate. We then conducted a user study with some application scenarios and confirmed that ExtEdge enriches visual information.

DOI： 10.1145/3607822.3614543

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

We present LivEdge, a novel method for live stream interaction on smartphones utilizing electro-tactile sensation through the edges. Conventional interactions between users and a streamer on a smartphone are restricted to the streamer's response through user comments or effects. Our goal is to provide a more immersive interaction through the use of haptic technology. LivEdge can convey spatial tactile sensations through electrical stimulations from electrode arrays affixed to both edges of the smartphone. This spatial tactile stimulus represents the streamer's physical presence and movements in contact with the edge of the screen. Preliminary experiment showed LivEdge enhances the live stream experience.

DOI： 10.1145/3588037.3595386

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE VIRTUAL REALITY SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

Designing haptic stimuli is one of challenges to enrich the virtual reality experience through a head mounted display which offer a photorealistic visual stimuli. Although exaggerated non-photorealistic haptic stimuli are widely used to represent events in virtual world due to limited capacity of haptic interface, the evaluation of its plausibility relies on human subjective assessment. The purpose of this research is to establish a method to objectively evaluate the plausibility of such visual-tactile experience. This study designs a stroop task in which participants are asked to tap an object with a stylus, receive visual stimuli (texture) and tactile stimuli (pulsive vibration) at a time, and respond to answer tactilely felt stiffness (soft or stiff). Our hypothesis is that response time to the stimuli consisting of incongruent visual and tactile combinations (soft-stiff or stiff-soft) becomes longer than those consisting of congruent combinations (soft-soft or stiff-stiff) if the tactile stimuli are felt so plausible as to interfere visual-tactile experience. The results of the experiment indicates the stroop effect, which supports the hypothesis.

DOI： 10.18974/tvrsj.28.4_283

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

The authors have observed that users gather in front of mirrors on VRSNS such as VRChat. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that mirrors attracted users and conducted an experiment in a controlled environment. The participants were requested to converse in pairs in a VR space with mirrors and posters, and their behavior was recorded. Results showed that, although a certain number of users gathered in front of the mirror, it did not significantly increase their chance of staying. Conversely, we received comments such as 'I feel relaxed when I go in front of the mirror'.

DOI： 10.1109/VRW55335.2022.00227

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Considering our perpetual engagement with smartphones and the colossal quantities of information we handle, it is crucial that we possess a smartphone input method with a high degree of usability. We devised a grip input method using an electro-tactile stimulation interface on the edges of a smartphone. This method is characterized by two distinctive features: it converts changes in finger contact area into input as opposed to relying on force sensing, and it provides softness sensation as input feedback through the electro-tactile stimulation. We first evaluated the grip input's performance in relation to changes in finger contact area and found it to be exceptionally high. Then, we evaluated the change in perception with and without two types of electro-tactile stimulations and observed that the electro-tactile stimulation resulted in the softness sensation.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmermd.2023.2a2-i24

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