Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

The Damaraland mole-rat (DMR; Fukomys damarensis) is a long-lived (~ 20 years) Bathyergid rodent that diverged 26 million years ago from its close relative, the naked mole-rat (NMR). While the properties of NMR cultured fibroblasts have been extensively studied and have revealed several unusual features of this cancer-resistant, long-lived species, comparative DMR studies are extremely limited. We optimized conditions for successfully culturing primary DMR skin fibroblasts and also established immortalized DMR cells using simian virus 40 early region expression. Like NMRs, DMR fibroblasts are more resistant than mice to various cytotoxins including heavy metals, DNA-damaging agents, oxidative stressors, and proteasome inhibitors. DMR genome sequencing analyses revealed the presence of premature stop codons in the master regulator genes of necroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death—receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), although these mutations have different locations to those found in the NMR. DMR cells, like NMR cells, did not show significantly increased cell death in response to necroptosis induction. Our data suggest that both Bathyergid species require species-specific cell culture conditions for optimized growth, display similar resistance to cytotoxins, and show loss-of-function mutations abrogating the ability to employ necroptosis. These shared traits may contribute to their evolved adaptations to their subterranean lifestyle and prolonged longevity. These convergent insights and valuable resource may be pertinent to biomedical research.

DOI： 10.1007/s11357-024-01420-9

Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-024-01420-9/fulltext.html

Authorship：Last author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.01.005

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have exceptional longevity and are resistant to age-related physiological decline and diseases. Given the role of cellular senescence in aging, we postulated that NMRs possess unidentified species-specific mechanisms to prevent senescent cell accumulation. Here, we show that upon induction of cellular senescence, NMR fibroblasts underwent delayed and progressive cell death that required activation of the INK4a-retinoblastoma protein (RB) pathway (termed "INK4a-RB cell death"), a phenomenon not observed in mouse fibroblasts. Naked mole-rat fibroblasts uniquely accumulated serotonin and were inherently vulnerable to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). After activation of the INK4a-RB pathway, NMR fibroblasts increased monoamine oxidase levels, leading to serotonin oxidization and H2 O2 production, which resulted in increased intracellular oxidative damage and cell death activation. In the NMR lung, induction of cellular senescence caused delayed, progressive cell death mediated by monoamine oxidase activation, thereby preventing senescent cell accumulation, consistent with in vitro results. The present findings indicate that INK4a-RB cell death likely functions as a natural senolytic mechanism in NMRs, providing an evolutionary rationale for senescent cell removal as a strategy to resist aging.

DOI： 10.15252/embj.2022111133

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In mammalian mitochondria, translation of the AUA codon is supported by 5-formylcytidine (f5C) modification in the mitochondrial methionine tRNA anticodon. The 5-formylation is initiated by NSUN3 methylase. Human NSUN3 mutations are associated with mitochondrial diseases. Here we show that Nsun3 is essential for embryonic development in mice with whole-body Nsun3 knockout embryos dying between E10.5 and E12.5. To determine the functions of NSUN3 in adult tissue, we generated heart-specific Nsun3 knockout (Nsun3HKO) mice. Nsun3HKO heart mitochondria were enlarged and contained fragmented cristae. Nsun3HKO resulted in enhanced heart contraction and age-associated mild heart enlargement. In the Nsun3HKO hearts, mitochondrial mRNAs that encode respiratory complex subunits were not down regulated, but the enzymatic activities of the respiratory complexes decreased, especially in older mice. Our study emphasizes that mitochondrial tRNA anticodon modification is essential for mammalian embryonic development and shows that tissue-specific loss of a single mitochondrial tRNA modification can induce tissue aberration that worsens in later adulthood.

DOI： 10.1038/s42003-023-04680-x

PubMed

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Annual Reviews  

Naked mole-rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest-lived rodents with a maximum life span exceeding 37 years. They exhibit a delayed aging phenotype and resistance to age-related functional decline/diseases. Specifically, they do not display increased mortality with age, maintain several physiological functions until nearly the end of their lifetime, and rarely develop cancer and Alzheimer's disease. NMRs live in a hypoxic environment in underground colonies in East Africa and are highly tolerant of hypoxia. These unique characteristics of NMRs have attracted considerable interest from zoological and biomedical researchers. This review summarizes previous studies of the ecology, hypoxia tolerance, longevity/delayed aging, and cancer resistance of NMRs and discusses possible mechanisms contributing to their healthy aging. In addition, we discuss current issues and future perspectives to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying delayed aging and resistance to age-related diseases in NMRs.

Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 11 is February 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

DOI： 10.1146/annurev-animal-050322-074744

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Certain mammalian species are resistant to cancer, and a better understanding of how this cancer resistance arises could provide valuable insights for basic cancer research. Recent technological innovations in molecular biology have allowed the study of cancer-resistant mammals, despite the fact that they are not the classical model animals, which are easily studied using genetic approaches. Naked mole-rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest-lived rodent, with a maximum lifespan of more than 37 years, and almost never show spontaneous carcinogenesis. NMRs are currently attracting much attention from aging and cancer researchers, and published studies on NMR have continued to increase over the past decade. Cancer development occurs via multiple steps and involves many biological processes. Recent research on the NMR as a model for cancer resistance suggests that they possess various unique carcinogenesis-resistance mechanisms, including efficient DNA repair pathways, cell-autonomous resistance to transformation, and dampened inflammatory response. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis-resistance in NMR, which have been uncovered over the past two decades, and discuss future perspectives.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.15570

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

Abstract

Paraspeckles are mammalian-specific nuclear bodies built on the long noncoding RNA NEAT1_2. The molecular mechanisms of paraspeckle formation have been mainly studied using human or mouse cells, and it is not known if the same molecular components are involved in the formation of paraspeckles in other mammalian species. We thus investigated the expression pattern of NEAT1_2 in naked mole-rats (nNEAT1_2), which exhibit extreme longevity and lower susceptibility to cancer. In the intestine, nNEAT1_2 is widely expressed along the entire intestinal epithelium, which is different from the expression of mNeat1_2, that is restricted to the cells of the distal tip in mice. Notably, the expression of FUS, a FET family RNA binding protein, essential for the formation of paraspeckles both in humans and mice, was absent in the distal part of the intestinal epithelium in naked mole-rats. Instead, mRNAs of other FET family proteins EWSR1 and TAF15 were expressed in the distal region. Exogenous expression of these proteins in Fus-deficient murine embryonic fibroblast cells rescued the formation of paraspeckles. These observations suggest that nNEAT1_2 recruits different set of RNA binding proteins in a cell type-specific manner during the formation of paraspeckles in different organisms.

DOI： 10.1261/rna.079135.122

PubMed

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have a very low spontaneous carcinogenesis rate, which has prompted studies on the responsible mechanisms to provide clues for human cancer prevention. However, it remains unknown whether and how NMR tissues respond to experimental carcinogenesis induction. Here, we show that NMRs exhibit extraordinary resistance against potent chemical carcinogenesis induction through a dampened inflammatory response. Although carcinogenic insults damaged skin cells of both NMRs and mice, NMR skin showed markedly lower immune cell infiltration. NMRs harbour loss-of-function mutations in RIPK3 and MLKL genes, which are essential for necroptosis, a type of necrotic cell death that activates strong inflammation. In mice, disruption of Ripk3 reduced immune cell infiltration and delayed carcinogenesis. Therefore, necroptosis deficiency may serve as a cancer resistance mechanism via attenuating the inflammatory response in NMRs. Our study sheds light on the importance of a dampened inflammatory response as a non-cell-autonomous cancer resistance mechanism in NMRs.

DOI： 10.1038/s42003-022-03241-y

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s10015-022-00754-x

Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10015-022-00754-x/fulltext.html

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title><sec>
<title>Background</title>
The naked mole-rat (NMR) is the longest-lived rodent with a maximum lifespan of more than 37 years and shows a negligible senescence phenotype, suggesting that tissue stem cells of NMRs are highly capable of maintaining homeostasis. However, the properties of NMR tissue stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), are largely unclear.


</sec><sec>
<title>Methods</title>
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) were isolated from the subventricular zone of the neonate NMR brain (NMR-NS/PCs) and cultured in neurosphere and adherent culture conditions. Expression of NSC markers and markers of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. In adherent culture conditions, the proliferation rate and cell cycle of NMR-NS/PCs were assessed and compared with those of NS/PCs from mice (mouse-NS/PCs). The DNA damage response to γ-irradiation was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.


</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
NMR-NS/PCs expressed several NSC markers and differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. NMR-NS/PCs proliferated markedly slower than mouse-NS/PCs, and a higher percentage of NMR-NS/PCs than mouse-NS/PCs was in G0/G1 phase. Notably, upon γ-irradiation, NMR-NS/PCs exhibited a faster initiation of the DNA damage response and were less prone to dying than mouse-NS/PCs.


</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
NMR-NS/PCs were successfully isolated and cultured. The slow proliferation of NMR-NS/PCs and their resistance to DNA damage may help to prevent stem cell exhaustion in the brain during the long lifespan of NMRs. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying delayed aging of NMRs. Further analysis of NMR tissue stem cells may lead to the development of new strategies that can prevent aging in humans.


</sec>

DOI： 10.1186/s41232-021-00182-7

PubMed

Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41232-021-00182-7/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has fascinated zoologists for at least half a century. It has also generated considerable biomedical interest not only because of its extraordinary longevity, but also because of unusual protective features (e.g. its tolerance of variable oxygen availability), which may be pertinent to several human disease states, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. A recent article entitled 'Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole-rat biology' described 28 'myths' which, those authors claimed, are a 'perpetuation of beautiful, but falsified, hypotheses' and impede our understanding of this enigmatic mammal. Here, we re-examine each of these 'myths' based on evidence published in the scientific literature. Following Braude et al., we argue that these 'myths' fall into four main categories: (i) 'myths' that would be better described as oversimplifications, some of which persist solely in the popular press; (ii) 'myths' that are based on incomplete understanding, where more evidence is clearly needed; (iii) 'myths' where the accumulation of evidence over the years has led to a revision in interpretation, but where there is no significant disagreement among scientists currently working in the field; (iv) 'myths' where there is a genuine difference in opinion among active researchers, based on alternative interpretations of the available evidence. The term 'myth' is particularly inappropriate when applied to competing, evidence-based hypotheses, which form part of the normal evolution of scientific knowledge. Here, we provide a comprehensive critical review of naked mole-rat biology and attempt to clarify some of these misconceptions.

DOI： 10.1111/brv.12791

PubMed

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) inhabit subterranean burrows in savannas and are, thus, unable to access free water. To identify their mechanism of osmoregulation in xeric environments, we molecularly cloned and analyzed the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2) gene encoding the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), required for hormone-dependent regulation of genes contributing to body fluid homeostasis. Most vertebrates harbor a single MR homolog. In contrast, we discovered that MR is duplicated in naked mole-rats. The amino acid sequence of naked mole-rat MR1 is 90% identical to its mouse ortholog, and MR1 is abundantly expressed in the kidney and the nervous system. MR2 encodes a truncated protein lacking DNA- and ligand-binding domains of MR1 and is expressed in diverse tissues. Although MR2 did not directly transactivate gene expression, it increased corticosteroid-dependent transcriptional activity of MR1. Our results suggest that MR2 might function as a novel regulator of MR1 activity to fine-tune MR signaling in naked mole-rats.

DOI： 10.1530/JME-20-0325

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/s42003-021-01879-8

Scopus

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-84962-8

Scopus

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/s41587-021-00847-1

Scopus

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Stem cells play essential roles in the development and tissue homeostasis of animals and are closely associated with carcinogenesis and aging. Also, the somatic cell reprogramming process to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells shares several characteristics with carcinogenesis. In this chapter, we focus on iPS cells and the reprogramming process of somatic cells in the naked mole-rat (NMR), the longest-living rodent with remarkable cancer resistance capabilities. NMR somatic cells show resistance to reprogramming induction, and generated NMR-iPS cells have a unique tumor-resistant phenotype. This phenotype is regulated by expressional activation of the tumor suppressor ARF gene and loss-of-function mutation in oncogene ERAS. Notably, it was also found that NMR somatic cells undergo senescence when ARF is suppressed during reprogramming, which would contribute to the resistance to both reprogramming and cancer in NMR somatic cells. Further studies on reprogramming resistance in NMR somatic cells and their concomitant tumor resistance in NMR-iPS cells would contribute to a better understanding of both cancer resistance and delayed aging in NMRs. In addition, NMR-iPS cells can be used as a new and important cell source for advancing research concerning several extraordinary physiological characteristics of NMR. Furthermore, study of NMR-iPS cells could lead to the development of safer regenerative therapies in the future.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_13

PubMed

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title>
The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a heterothermic mammal that forms eusocial colonies consisting of one reproductive female (queen), several reproductive males, and subordinates. Despite their heterothermy, NMRs possess brown adipose tissue (BAT), which generally induces thermogenesis in cold and some non-cold environments. Previous studies suggest that NMR-BAT induces thermogenesis by cold exposure. However, detailed NMR-BAT characteristics and whether NMR-BAT thermogenesis occurs in non-cold environments are unknown. Here, we show beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3)-dependent thermogenic potential of NMR-BAT, which contributes to thermogenesis in the isolated queen in non-cold environments (30 °C). NMR-BAT expressed several brown adipocyte marker genes and showed noradrenaline-dependent thermogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Although our ADRB3 inhibition experiments revealed that NMR-BAT thermogenesis slightly delays the decrease in body temperature in a cold environment (20 °C), it was insufficient to prevent the decrease in the body temperatures. Even at 30 °C, NMRs are known to prevent the decrease of and maintain their body temperature by heat-sharing behaviors within the colony. However, isolated NMRs maintained their body temperature at the same level as when they are in the colony. Interestingly, we found that queens, but not subordinates, induce BAT thermogenesis in this condition. Our research provides novel insights into NMR thermoregulation.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-74929-6

Other Link： http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-74929-6

Authorship：Corresponding author   Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

<title>Abstract</title>Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are the longest-lived rodents, showing minimal aging phenotypes. An unsolved paradox is that NMRs exhibit low intracellular anti-oxidant defence despite minimal aging. Here, we explained a link between these “contradicting” features by a phenomenon termed “senescent cell death (SCD)”—Senescence induced cell death in NMR cells due to their inherent vulnerability to reactive oxygen species and unique metabolic system. In NMR skin, we observed few senescent cells during aging or after ultraviolet irradiation, suggesting suppression of senescent cell accumulation in NMR tissue. We discovered that senescent NMR-fibroblasts induce SCD through retinoblastoma protein activation accompanied by autophagy dysregulation, increased oxidative damage and accelerated H₂O₂-releasing metabolic pathways. During senescence, NMR cells showed resistance to metabolic remodelling unlike mice. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into how extraordinary aging resistance is accomplished in NMR. This will contribute to the development of senolytic drugs to regulate age-related diseases.

DOI： 10.1101/2020.07.02.155903

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Naked mole rats (NMRs) have extraordinarily long lifespans and anti-tumorigenic capability. Recent studies of humans and mice have shown that many age-related diseases, including cancer, are strongly correlated with immunity, and macrophages play particularly important roles in immune regulation. Therefore, NMR macrophages may contribute to their unique phenotypes. However, studies of the roles of macrophages are limited by material restrictions and the lack of an established experimental strategy. In this study, we developed a flow cytometric strategy to identify NMR macrophages. The NMR macrophages were extractable using an off-the-shelf anti-CD11b antibody, M1/70, and forward/side scatter data obtained by flow cytometry. NMR macrophages proliferated in response to human/mouse recombinant M-CSF and engulfed Escherichia coli particles. Interestingly, the majority of NMR macrophages exhibited co-staining with an anti-NK1.1 antibody, PK136. NK1.1 antigen crosslinking with PK136 results in mouse NK cell stimulation; similarly, NMR macrophages proliferated in response to NK1.1 antibody treatment. Furthermore, we successfully established an NMR macrophage cell line, NPM1, by transduction of Simian virus 40 early region that proliferated indefinitely without cytokines and retained its phagocytotic capacity. The NPM1 would contribute to further studies on the immunity of NMRs.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-54442-1

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/dev.21827

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  

Naked mole-rats form eusocial colonies consisting of a single breeding female (the queen), several breeding males, and sexually immature adults (subordinates). Subordinates are cooperative and provide alloparental care by huddling and retrieving pups to the nest. However, the physiological mechanism(s) underlying alloparental behavior of nonbreeders remains undetermined. Here, we examined the response of subordinates to pup voice and the fecal estradiol concentrations of subordinates during the three reproductive periods of the queen, including gestation, postpartum, and nonlactating. Subordinate response to pup voice was observed only during the queen’s postpartum and was preceded by an incremental rise in subordinates’ fecal estradiol concentrations during the queen’s gestation period, which coincided with physiological changes in the queen. We hypothesized that the increased estradiol in the queen’s feces was disseminated to subordinates through coprophagy, which stimulated subordinates’ responses to pup vocalizations. To test this hypothesis, we fed subordinates either fecal pellets from pregnant queens or pellets from nonpregnant queens amended with estradiol for 9 days and examined their response to recorded pup voice. In both treatments, the subordinates exhibited a constant level of response to pup voice during the feeding period but became more responsive 4 days after the feeding period. Thus, we believe that we have identified a previously unknown system of communication in naked mole-rats, in which a hormone released by one individual controls the behavior of another individual and influences the level of responsiveness among subordinate adults to pup vocal signals, thereby contributing to the alloparental pup care by subordinates.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1720530115

PubMed

Other Link： https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.1720530115

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Bio-Protocol, LLC  

Pluripotent stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) form teratomas when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. As teratomas contain all three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm), teratoma formation assay is widely used as an index of pluripotency (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Hentze et al., 2009 ; Gropp et al., 2012 ). On the other hand, teratoma-forming tumorigenicity also represents a major risk factor impeding potential clinical applications of pluripotent stem cells ( Miura et al., 2009 ; Okano et al., 2013 ). Recently, we reported that iPSCs derived from naked mole-rat lack teratoma-forming tumorigenicity when engrafted into the testes of non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice due to an ES cell-expressed Ras (ERAS) and Alternative reading frame (ARF)-dependent tumor-suppression mechanism specific to this species ( Miyawaki et al., 2016 ). Here, we describe a method for transplanting pluripotent stem cells into the testes of NOD/SCID mice to generate teratomas for assessing the pluripotency and tumorigenicity.

DOI： 10.21769/bioprotoc.2518

PubMed

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/ncomms11471

Web of Science

PubMed

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Inflammation and Regeneration  

The naked mole-rat (NMR) is the world's longest-living rodent, with a maximum lifespan of longer than 31 years without any evidence of neoplastic disease. Recently, the NMR has come to be regarded as a useful animal model for the study of longevity and cancer resistance. Sequencing analysis of the NMR genome revealed the existence of species-specific changes in the predicted sequence of the INK4a and ARF tumor suppressors, suggesting the possibility that these two genes might have important roles in NMR's unique longevity and cancer resistance. Here, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of the INK4a and ARF genes <I>in vitro</I>. To investigate the expression and function of the INK4a and ARF genes in NMR, we generated several research tools, including antibodies, real-time PCR primer sets, and overexpression and knockdown vectors. Our results showed that endogenous expression of INK4a and ARF was upregulated in NMR fibroblasts treated with DNA-damaging agents or after serial passaging. In addition, overexpression of INK4a or ARF caused cell cycle arrest in both NMR fibroblasts and mouse NIH-3T3 cells. These results suggest INK4a and ARF execute a conserved function as cell cycle inhibitors in NMR. The research tools developed in the present study will be useful for exploring the specific function of INK4a and ARF genes in the unique longevity and cancer-resistant phenotype of NMRs.

DOI： 10.2492/inflammregen.35.042

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016090835

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3389/fnana.2013.00045

Web of Science

PubMed

Authorship：Last author   Language：English  

DOI： 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.256149

Web of Science

PubMed

Language：English  

DOI： 10.1007/s13311-011-0063-z

Web of Science

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0017610

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PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Inflammation and Regeneration  

The spinal cord, which is part of the central nervous system, has been considered a typical example of an organ in which regeneration is difficult. However, since the report of recovery of function in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model as a result of cell transplantation of rat-fetus-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs), stem cell transplantation therapy has attracted great hope of restoring and replenishing lost neurons and glia. In recent years induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that possess embryonic stem (ES)-cell-like pluripotency and proliferative capacity have been produced by introducing several different genes into somatic cells. Rapid progress is currently being made in research on iPS cells with the aim of enabling cell transplantation therapy, and reports of the development of methods of inducing human iPS cells to differentiate into a variety of somatic cells and cases of treatment of murine models with mouse iPS cells have appeared one after another. However, when viewed from a safety standpoint, problems that arise because ES cells and iPS cells are both pluripotent stem cells and many problems unique to iPS cells, which have been artificially reprogrammed, still remain unresolved, and there is a desire for further progress in research. In this paper we outline these issues and report the latest findings in regard to application to the treatment of spinal cord injury.

DOI： 10.2492/inflammregen.31.2

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2012103173

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.0910106107

Web of Science

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/nbt.1554

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PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Web of Science

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-213X-6-34

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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