Kyushu University [Jun NAGANO (Professor) Counseling and Health Center, ]

Working as a school doctor and an industrial physician at Kyushu University.
Research theme: The role of psychosocial stress, as well as its interaction with genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, on the onset and development of chronic diseases. Consultant, Radiation Effects Research Foundation.
Fellow of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine.

Research

Research Interests

Assessment of disease-prone behaviorral patterns
keyword : psychosocial stress, behavioral pattern, chronic disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, questionnaire, assessment
1995.04～2004.04Development of questionnaires to assess psychosocial stress or responses to stress (personality), especially factors that have been thought to be associated with cancer, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease..
Development and prognosis of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
keyword : psychosocial stress, behavioral pattern, chronic disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, incidence, morbidity, prognosis
1996.01Epidemiological researches to examine the roles of psychosocial stress or responces to stress (personality) on the development and prognosis of chronic diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke..
Stress managements to help promote the health and improve the course and prognosis of chronic diseases
keyword : psychosocial stress, stress management, health promotion
1991.01To attempt to promote health and improve the course and prognosis of chronic diseases using stress management, and to examine these effects through epidemiological studies as well..

Current and Past Project

Multidisciplinary research for the medical and sociological effectiveness of autonomy-training.

Academic Activities

Books

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1.	Nagano J: Personality as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and cancer: A review of epidemiological studies. In: Kubo C, Nakai Y, Nozoe S, eds. Gendai Shinryo Naika Gaku (Current Psychosomatic Medicine), 2003, Nagai Shoten, Osaka, pp.165-175.

Reports

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1.	Significance of Epidemiologic Studies of Mind-body Medicine for Lifestyle Diseases(Panel Discussion : Diseases Related to Lifestyles and Psychosomatic Medicine) Chronic psychosocial stress is thought to affect the onset and development of different "lifestyle diseases" via human lifestyle and/or psycho-physiological mechanisms. If psychosocial interventions that alleviate chronic stress could prevent lifestyle diseases and improve disease courses, mind-body medicine would contribute much to the countermeasure of lifestyle diseases, which in turn would lead to the improvement of the social and/or economical environment of medical care/service providers. In this regard, however, it would be necessary for citizens to accept the utility of mind-body medicine in this field, which would require "convincing epidemiologic data". The former part of this paper presents an overview, mainly through recent reviews, of epidemiologic data concerning cancer and heart disease (especially coronary heart disease), which respectively are the first and second causes of death in Japan, in relation to selected psychosocial risk factors and the efficacy of psychosocial interventions. The latter part introduces a series of epidemiologic studies on lifestyle disease and personality carried out by Grossarth-Maticek and colleagues, and presents an overview of studies from home and abroad based on their theory and methods..
2.	Nagano J: Cancer and personality. Shinryo Naika (Psychosomatic Medicine) 9: 87-94, 2005.
3.	Nagano J: Personality as a risk factor for cancer: A review of epidemiological studies. Jpn J Cancer Clin 51: 27-35, 2005.

Papers

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1.	Jun Nagano, Takako Morita, Koji Taneichi, Shohei Nagaoka, Sadanobu Katsube, Tomiaki Asai, Masao Yukioka, Kiyoshi Takasugi, Masakazu Kondo, Yasuro Nishibayashi, Rational/antiemotional behaviors in interpersonal relationships and the functional prognosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A Japanese multicenter, longitudinal study, BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 10.1186/1751-0759-8-8, 8, 1, 8-8, 2014.02.
2.	Nagano J, Kono S, Toyomura K, Mizoue T, Yin G, Mibu R, Tanaka M, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y, Okamura T, Ikejiri K, Futami K, Yasunami Y, Maekawa T, Takenaka K, Ichimiya H, Imaizumi N, Personality and colorectal cancer: the Fukuoka colorectal cancer study, Jpn J Clin Oncol, 38:553-61, 2008.08.
3.	Nagano J, Kaihara C, Sudo N, Shimura M, Kubo C: A trial to develop a Japanese version of the 50-item Self-regulation Inventory. Jpn J Health Promotion 6: 137-144, 2004.
4.	A trial to develop a Japanese version of the 50-item self-regulation inventory.
5.	Nagano J, Sudo N, Kubo C, Kono S, Lung cancer, myocardial infarction, and the Grossarth-Maticek personality types: a case-control study in Fukuoka, Japan, J Epidemiol, 11: 281-287, 2001.11.
6.	Nagano J, Sudo N, Kaihara C, Shimura M, Kuho C: Validity and reliability of the Stress Inventory: self-administered questionnaire to assess disease-prone personalities. Jpn J Health Promotoin 3: 107-119, 2001.
7.	Validity and reliability of the Stress Inventory : self-administered questionnaire to assess disease-prone personalities The etiological roles of psychosocial factors in cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD) have received much attention in psychosomatic research, and recent epidemiological studies have added scientific evidence concerning this issue. Grossarth-Maticek and colleagues have shown, through a series of prospective studies, a strong relationship between certain personalities (reactions to stress) and diseases such as cancer, apoplexy, and CHD. Based on the Grossarth-Maticek theory, we developed a self-administered questionnaire, the Stress Inventory (SI), to assess potentially disease-prone personalities in the Japanese population. This study examined the psychometric properties of the SI. The Short Interpersonal Reactions Inventory (SIRI) developed by Grossarth-Maticek and the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) were administered, along with the SI, to 601 men and women, most of whom were 40 to 69 years of age, who visited a clinic for a health checkup (Sample 1). The first 164 subjects in Sample 1 took the SI again after a 2-4 week interval. A total of 208 outpatients at a psychosomatic clinic (Sample 2: mean age 43.5 years) completed the Stress Coping Inventory (SCI), the Tokyo University Egogram (TEG), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Anger Scales (AS), the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), and the SI. Based on factor analysis of sample 1, the SI was shortened from 75 to 45 items, and 12 scales were constructed and named as follows: "low sense of control", "object dependence of loss", "object dependence of happiness", "object dependence of anger", "annoying barrier", "object dependence of ambivalence", "disclosure of negative experiences", "unfulfilled needs for acceptance", "altruism", "egoism", "emotional suppression", and "lacking emotional experiences". Cronbach alphas and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.60 to 0.90 and from 0.66 to 0.82 respectively. A correlation analysis between the 12 SI scales and the MPI, SCI, TEG, STAI, CES-D (Japanese-language version), AS, and SSQ scales showed that the constructs of the SI scales generally agreed with the original hypotheses. The SI was shown to have internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factorial validity, and construct validity..
8.	Nagano J, Sudo N, Kubo C, Kono S: Psychometrical reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Short Interpersonal Reactions Inventory. Jpn J Behav Med 7: 104-116, 2001.
9.	Effect of Autonomy Training on Japanese : Application to the Management of Dystonic Patients Since the 1960s, Grossarth Maticek and his colleagues have done several epidemiological studies in which they have proved their theory of healthy and disease prone personalities : a person of Type 1 personality tends to idealize a certain object as essential for his/her own happiness, often feels disappointed by it, and has been shown to be cancer prone ; a person of Type 2 personality tends to regard a certain object as the cause of his/her own unhappiness, often feels annoyed or irritated by it, and has been shown to be cardiovascular disease prone ; a person of Type 4 personality is ready to alter his/her way of doing or thinking towards an object whenever he/she finds it does harm or brings unhappiness to him/her in the long run, successfully avoids being repeatedly disappointed or annoyed by it, and has been shown to be resistant to various diseases. Such behavioral characteristics as in Type 1 or Type 2 personalities are called the object dependent behavioral pattern (or object dependence), which contrasts with the Type 4 personality called the autonomous and independent behavioral pattern (or autonomy). Autonomy Training (AUT) is a cognitive-behavior therapy that Grossarth-Maticek and his colleagues have developed as a device for reducing object dependency and increasing autonomy. The aim of this study is to determine if AUT is useful for Japanese. The subjects were two Japanese women suffering from dystonia : a thirty-nine-year-old working mother with blephalospasm and a fifty-year-old housewife with hemimasticatory dystonia, both of whom had not responded to medications and were referred to our clinic by an ophthalmologist and a dentist respectively. We applied AUT to the patients as a self-care manual based, outpatient therapy using a brief manual we adapted from Grossarth-Maticek's original that encourages a reader to identify and to solve his/her own problems on a trial-and-error basis and to gain a more comfortable and contented life. Changes of the patients' autonomy level were assessed through what they had reported in interviews as well as from scores of the Japanese version of the Self-Regulation Inventory (SRI), which was developed by Grossarth-Maticek to assess autonomy. The patients read the manual repeatedly and started to focus their attention mainly on their interpersonal relations. When they came to recognize their fixed and object dependent behavior patterns, especially in relations with their husbands, they started to try to change their attitudes and behaviors towards them in everyday life according to what they had learned from the manual. As a result of such changes, they reported improvement in their emotional status. Their behavior patterns were interpreted as Type 1 and Type 2 respectively, and showed improvement in the direction of increase in autonomy, confirmed by constantly improved SRI scores during their 57- and 22-week treatment periods and 41- and 74-week follow-up periods. Their behavioral changes were accompanied by improvements, although not perfect, in dystonic symptoms without receiving botulinum toxin injection therapy. In conclusion, AUT seems to be effective for Japanese in improving emotional and physical status through the development of autonomy..
10.	Nagano J, Tanaka H, Sudo N, Kubo C: Effect of Autonomy Training on Japanese: Application to the management of dystonic patients. Jpn J Psychosom Med 40: 159-170, 2000.
11.	Nagano J, Komiyama H, Kojima T, Kodama K, Muraoka M, Mine K: Psychosomatic treatment of intractable deafferentation pain. Pain Clinic 14: 397-402, 1993.

Membership in Academic Society

Japan Autonomy Association
Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine
Japan Epidemiological Association
Japan Primary Care Association
Japan Diabetes Society
Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine
Japan Society of Health Promotion

Awards

The parenting attitudes and the stress of mothers predict the asthmatic severity of their children: a prospective study

Educational

Educational Activities

Participating in a common education for undergraduate and graduate students in Health Sciences.

Social

Professional and Outreach Activities

Led to conclude the Agreement for Inter-departmental Academic Cooperation between Institute of Health Science, Kyushu University and Diakoniewissenschaftliches Institut, Universität Heidelberg (Germany), 2010..

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