Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Increasing energy efficiency and reducing emissions in industrial processes through waste-heat recovery systems are vital. The energy-intensive nature of professional laundry care generates waste heat from machines such as washers, dryers, and boilers. We focused on a waste-heat recovery system tailored for this sector. An accurate drying model is essential for analyzing its energy-saving potential.

This study presents a water-potential-based drying model using equilibrium thermodynamics. Two measurement experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed model, and the experimental results were incorporated into the simulations. The first experiment collected and determined laundry samples' basic information and hygrothermal properties, including the surface area, initial weight, and heat and moisture transfer coefficients. The second experiment attempted to determine each laundry item's equilibrium water content and capacity at various humidity levels. Through simulations, a comparison was made between the surface temperature and water content predictions of the existing and proposed models. Experimental results revealed that the laundry surface temperature remained constant during the constant-rate drying period. However, during the falling rate period, it was influenced by water content. The drying characteristics differ based on the material and quilting method. The proposed model improved the temperature and water content predictions by approximately 80.07% and 63.08%, respectively, compared with the existing model. This model can effectively assess laundry drying processes, including the latent heat flux assessment of the indoor environment.

DOI： doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138735

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The majority of the population in Indonesia lives in naturally ventilated and unconditioned residential buildings because they cannot afford energy services. This situation is common in many countries in tropical regions, negatively affecting the occupants’ health due to overheating. Therefore, housing types that can cool down indoor temperatures to the extent possible using a passive approach, rather than an active approach, should be developed. This study aims to improve naturally ventilated houses by considering the louver area and insulation of houses. First, we employ an on-site measurement for collecting data such as the indoor/outdoor temperature and relative humidity in an Indonesian city, Lhokseumawe. In addition, the experimental data are used to validate a numerical simulation model. Second, the numerical simulation is utilized to establish energy-efficient design solutions for houses in 14 Indonesian locations. The results show that, compared with the insulation cases, different louver areas insignificantly change indoor air conditions by approximately 0.3 to 1 °C. Additionally, the application of a combined performance improvement for both louver areas and building envelope insulation levels can reduce the indoor air temperature and relative humidity by 2.2 °C and 8%, respectively. Moreover, the daily cooling demand for the proposed improvement plan is reduced by 18.90% compared with that for the existing case. Furthermore, the annual cooling loads for the entire simulated regions are reduced by 46.63 GJ/year (23.09%). This study is a potential starting point for achieving zero-energy housing and occupants’ sufficient thermal comfort in unconditioned and naturally ventilated houses in Indonesia.

DOI： doi.org/10.3390/su151612173

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Biophilic design is aimed at creating a good habitat for people by enhancing the connectedness between people and nature in the urban environment; its effects on promoting psychological health are well known, but further studies are required to quantify the effects on physical and physiological aspects to provide a holistic view to support design practice. In this study, we focused on the physical aspect and quantitatively analyzed the effects of biophilic design on the thermal environment and occupants' thermal sensations. Field measurements and questionnaire surveys were conducted at a multifloor indoor garden in a public building in Kumamoto, Japan, with an artificial waterfall, pond, plants, and natural light as biophilic elements. Predicted mean vote was calculated using field measurement results as an objective indicator to assess thermal comfort. Questionnaires were used to verify the psychological effects and clarify the occupants' thermal sensations by comparing with field measurement results. The effects of the waterfall were studied when it was switched on and off. The results suggest the rationality behind incorporating biophilic design inside buildings, in terms of the physical aspect, highlighting the psychological effectiveness, especially during winter, and the benefits of thermal comfort, especially during summer.

DOI： doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601085

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Passive dehumidification and solar collection (PDSC) employs fibrous insulation materials with excellent moisture adsorption and desorption characteristics to conduct dehumidification using renewable energy. This study proposes an improved PDSC-integrated energy recovery ventilation (ERV) system (PSE) to dehumidify indoor environments. Energy recovery ventilation (ERV) promotes the exchange of moisture and heat between returned and supplied air to reduce energy loss caused by ventilation. We explained the fundamental moisture movement principle based on thermodynamic energy and designed the air circulation paths of the proposed system for dehumidification and energy recovery. Five house models were simulated and compared: conventional house with no moisture effect, conventional house, conventional house with integrated ERV, the PDSC model, and the PSE model. Simulation results show that the PSE model has the best dehumidification performance, with an approximately 2.9 times latent heat load reduction effect compared with the PDSC model, in hot and humid summer. This study confirms that the proposed system has significant potential for dehumidifying the indoor environment and provides guidance for the future application of the PSE system to dwellings.

DOI： doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112170

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Building Performance Simulation Association  

Most thermal environment and heat load simulation software for whole building commonly simplify heat transfer calculations by using equivalent outdoor air temperature, overall heat transfer coefficient, and solar radiation shielding coefficient. These models assume that solar radiation entering the room is uniformly distributed across all interior surfaces, ignoring the differences between sunlit and shaded areas, and do not account for moisture transfer. This assumption can lead to discrepancies in how solar radiation is distributed on indoor surfaces. To accurately account for moisture absorption and desorption, as well as variations in indoor temperature and humidity, it is crucial to distinguish between sunlit and shaded surfaces through detailed numerical analysis. This study investigated how considering sunlit versus shaded surfaces affects building thermal environment analysis. This study conducted a model box experiment using a solar radiation device with variable irradiation. This setup allowed for a thorough investigation of moisture phenomena and the effects of sunlit versus shaded surfaces. The calculation accuracy of the simulation software THERB for HAM, which can predict in detail sunlit and shaded surfaces and moisture calculation of building materials, was also verified. Solar radiation was applied to either the entire floor or specific portions, and the impact of varying radiation levels on moisture absorption and desorption from humidity control materials was evaluated. Contrarily, shaded surfaces can exhibit hygroscopic phenomena even during irradiation. The effects of moisture absorption and desorption related to solar heat, air temperature, and humidity can be better understood by model box experiment and numerical simulation. It also examined how modeling these surfaces calculation point in detail influences the moisture absorption and desorption of the building material and the indoor temperature and humidity.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.69357/asim2024.1312

Open data URL： https://publications.ibpsa.org/conference/paper/?id=asim2024_1173

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Building Performance Simulation Association  

This study aims to develop a numerical simulation method and to improve its calculation accuracy to evaluate the thermal environment quantitatively, supporting the environmental design for large-scale indoor spaces equipped with radiant panel heating-cooling system (RPHCS). We conducted an experimental investigation of the thermal environment in a research institute with large-scale indoor spaces equipped with RPHCS in both summer and winter. Measurement results, including the vertical air temperature and humidity, surface temperatures of walls, and temperatures related to the radiant panels have been analyzed. Based on the experimental conditions, the study also performed a numerical simulation of the indoor thermal environment using the BES (Building Energy Simulation) method. We used measurement data to estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient for the non-standard radiant panels as input condition. The temperature gradient in vertical direction was calculated by ways of dividing spaces and considering imaginary ceilings and walls. The simulation results showed good consistency with the experimental data and the appropriateness of this method has been confirmed.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.69357/asim2024.1358

Open data URL： https://publications.ibpsa.org/proceedings/asim/2024/papers/C34_asim2024_1191.pdf

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Building Performance Simulation Association  

In recent years, Japan has made significant efforts toward achieving a carbon-neutral society by 2050, with a strong focus on promoting Net Zero Energy Houses (ZEH) within the residential sector. Traditionally, ZEHs have primarily focused on improving energy savings through enhancements in building envelope performance, such as insulation and airtightness, as well as the integration of solar power systems and highefficiency mechanical equipment. However, the potential for further enhancing energy efficiency by utilizing renewable energy sources, such as natural ventilation, has received limited attention. This study investigates the performance of ZEHs employing passive design strategies that harness renewable energy. In addition to high-efficiency systems like heat recovery ventilation and solar panels, the building integrates passive design strategies aimed at enhancing indoor air circulation and utilizing natural ventilation to improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency, particularly during the summer and transitional seasons. Furthermore, these strategies are evaluated for their potential to reduce reliance on mechanical cooling systems and provide an alternative for energy savings in residential buildings. The research adopts a two-step approach to verify and evaluate the building’s thermal performance. First, field measurements were conducted to gather empirical data. Second, heat load calculations were performed using an energy simulation tool to validate energy-saving performance. The findings emphasize the importance of natural ventilation and indoor air circulation in optimizing thermal performance and energy conservation, contributing to the refinement of ZEH design and promoting sustainable residential architecture. Additionally, the study provides new insights into balancing passive and active design elements in future residential buildings.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.69357/asim2024.1123

Open data URL： https://publications.ibpsa.org/proceedings/asim/2024/papers/C05_asim2024_1202.pdf

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Building Performance Simulation Association  

Alongside the recent progress in climate change, gradual changes to the thermal environment of buildings have also been observed. To design a more comfortable and energy-efficient building environment, it is necessary to appropriately evaluate thermal and energy performance under future climate conditions. This study evaluated the indoor thermal environment considering climate change by simulating the housing thermal environment using future weather data. For the simulation, we used THERB for HAM, a developed thermal simulation software. To consider the impact of climate change, we used future weather data on the climatic information predicted by Global Climate Models from CMIP6. We also considered the gradual future development of building thermal performance, in accordance with Japanese design regulations. Our analysis results indicated that, owing to climate change, the cooling load will increase, and the heating load will decrease. In addition, even if the building thermal performance improve, the latent heat load does not decrease so dehumidification will become a more important issue in a future climate context. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the central air conditioning systems from a future climate perspective. Split air conditioning in each room is common in Japan, but central air conditioning has recently become popular. Usually, dehumidification in domestic air conditioners is performed based on the total heat load. Therefore, in well-insulated buildings, dehumidification may be ineffective. Additionally, as latent heat load is expected to increase in the future, the split air conditioning systems may be unable to provide adequate thermal comfort. Finally, we analyzed the performance of central air conditioning systems in the typical Japanese house in a future climate context. Central air conditioning systems enable effective dehumidification, so the relative humidity in house will keep lower than that by split-room air conditioner and COP of central air conditioner is higher than that of split-room air conditioner.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.69357/asim2024.1346

Open data URL： https://publications.ibpsa.org/conference/paper/?id=asim2024_1235

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Building Performance Simulation Association  

Natural ventilation is an effective method to ensure indoor thermal comfort and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning systems in mixed-mode buildings. Existing studies based on fixed setpoint judgments provide limited guidance on natural ventilation control strategies, as human thermal comfort is adaptive to the outdoor environment. The adaptive approach suggested by ASHRAE Standard 55-2020 offers a variable comfort range for more appropriate control. A few researchers are developing natural ventilation strategies using adaptive models. The common control method they use primarily involves reducing the natural ventilation comfort area to increase the comfort ratio during the operation of the control strategy. While this method can improve the comfort time for occupants, it may overlook the potential of natural ventilation. Therefore, this study aims to develop an advanced adaptive controlled natural ventilation strategy with a higher natural ventilation rate and energy savings rate. In response to the above issues, this study proposed a natural ventilation control strategy with more natural ventilation time for residential buildings based on the comfort zone of the adaptive model, aiming to save more energy for the air conditioning system. Mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning control is considered when natural ventilation conditions are not met, and the upper limit of the adaptive thermal comfort range determines the set points. The energy-saving effects of the developed strategy were examined through annual simulations on a Japanese standard house. The simulations used Tokyo's meteorological conditions and compared the proposal's performance with existing models. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed natural ventilation strategy significantly reduces energy consumption and provides excellent thermal comfort, offering practical benefits for residential buildings.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.69357/asim2024.1303

Open data URL： https://publications.ibpsa.org/proceedings/asim/2024/papers/B25_asim2024_1314.pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Building Performance Simulation Association  

As climate change is progressing, the need for adaptation and mitigation measures has become increasingly urgent. Access to future weather data for building simulations is crucial to designing environmentally appropriate buildings under future climatic conditions. Various methods exist for creating future weather data using downscaling techniques such as dynamical downscaling and stochastic weather generators. The most popular method is morphing, which is used to create almost half of the existing future weather data. In the morphing method, future weather data are generated by applying statistical manipulations to current typical meteorological year data using climate change information predicted using global climate models (GCMs). However, this method introduces biases due to mathematical operations because it uses only constant monthly change factors that represent climatic change, indicating that there is room for improvement in this creation method. In this study, we developed a new method for generating future weather data using a technique called quantile mapping. Quantile mapping was originally a method for bias correction of climate model outputs. In our approach, this technique is applied to the creation of future weather data. The quantile mapping-based method is expected to reduce the biases caused by mathematical operations because it considers daily-level change factors and reflects various types of future information predicted using GCMs. We compared the characteristics of future weather data created using the proposed method with the data obtained by morphing. Our findings confirmed that the proposed method can reduce biases in the data transformation process. Additionally, using the developed future weather data, we analyzed trends in future changes in heating and cooling loads and the climatic potential for natural ventilation.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.69357/asim2024.1235

Open data URL： https://publications.ibpsa.org/proceedings/asim/2024/papers/B01_asim2024_1178.pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Sage Open  

Energy poverty, defined as the inability of households to afford adequate heating or cooling, is worsened by anthropogenic climate change, leading to increased energy demand and indoor comfort challenges. This study addresses a gap in summer fuel poverty research by focusing on overheating concerns and energy subsidies. This study defines the indoor temperature and overheating risk of low-income households compared with general dwellings based on field measurements and walkthrough surveys. The difference in indoor temperature and overheating risk according to the provision of energy subsidy is analyzed. We evaluate the impact of energy subsidies on indoor temperature and the adequacy of current subsidy programs. Findings show that households without energy vouchers experience indoor temperatures around 29°C, while voucher recipients see a 2°C decrease. During Tropical Night periods, households with energy vouchers maintain similar indoor temperatures to the overall period, while those without vouchers tend to experience a 2°C increase. Although energy vouchers significantly mitigate overheating risks by approximately 95% during the summer, they are not as effective in fully eliminating summer overheating risks compared to previous winter results. This highlights the persisting issue of traditional policies providing integrated electricity subsidies. Hence, addressing indoor overheating during hot summers requires improvements in alternative subsidy distributions or cooling strategies warrants change to the energy voucher payment method or the cooling method.

DOI： 10.1177/21582440241290967

Web of Science

Scopus

Open data URL： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/21582440241290967

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER NATURE  

The purpose of this study was to develop a whole-house recirculating air conditioning system for condominium complexes, and we designed the system, installed it in actual units, and obtained data on temperature, humidity, and power consumption through occupant experiments. The indoor temperatures before and after the system was installed were compared. The results confirmed that the system created an environment where the temperature difference between day and night was within 2 ℃ and the temperature difference between rooms was almost negligible. In addition, the total power consumption of the air conditioner and fan was confirmed to be low at less than 200 kWh.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2447-5_9

Open data URL： https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-97-2447-5_9

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

To design buildings that are adaptable to climate change, future typical weather data suitable for simulations, e.g., for estimating thermal loads and carbon emissions, are crucial. Previous studies suggest various methods for creating future weather data, with the morphing method being the most popular. The future typical weather year data generated using the morphing method are considered highly reliable, because their fundamental characteristics are based on the observed meteorological data. However, this method has some issues, e.g., the potential inclusion of unrealistic values at peak levels owing to the same change factors used for each month. In addition, this conventional method considers only the monthly changes predicted by General Circulation Models (GCMs). This paper proposes a new approach for creating future weather year data using quantile mapping (QM). Notably, we created future weather year data for Tokyo (Japan) using the proposed method and confirmed its characteristics. The new future weather data considered the information related to climate change at a daily level, while reflecting a broader range of climate change information. Our work can serve as a foundation for studies on future weather year data and contribute to the advancement in climate change mitigation.

Open data URL： https://ssrn.com/abstract=4920730

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2023.1443

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The use of radiant panels in homes has increased recently because they do not cause a drafty feeling, unlike air conditioners. However, air conditioners are more power-efficient than radiant panels and have a higher coefficient of performance (COP). Therefore, combining radiant panels and air conditioning can provide an optimal solution for thermal control in residences. Energy simulation (ES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to simulate such environments. ES is suitable for non-steady state calculations, and combined with appropriate modeling, enables an accurate estimation of power consumption. Effective dehumidification becomes necessary, during summer as the relative humidity in a room increases. Both air conditioners and radiant panels can achieve this. This study developed a simulation tool that incorporates the effects of dehumidification. Based on a relative evaluation, a case was proposed where both energy efficiency and comfort were satisfied by jointly using air conditioners and radiant panels. The study found that a small number of panels could achieve the most balanced operation. The results of this study can serve as a reference for general housing, and the developed simulation tool can be applied to product development and building material design.

DOI： doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18092

Publisher：E3S Web of Conferences  

Louvre openings are widely used for ventilation in residences at tropical regions. Traditional households rely primarily on natural ventilation for cooling instead of using air conditioners throughout the year. Hence, a design strategy that maximizes the natural ventilation rate with an accurate discharge coefficient is necessary. The discharge coefficient for a traditional window without a louvre is 0.6. However, studies on discharge coefficients for louvre openings with sashes are lacking. Discharge coefficient will differ according to the installed sash owing to increased contraction and friction losses. Therefore, we determined the discharge coefficient value for various sash angles and the impact of the louvre geometric parameter on the discharge coefficient. To investigate the effects of geometry on the discharge coefficient, real-time natural ventilation rate was quantified using the tracer gas (constant concentration) method. Pressure difference, outdoor wind velocity, and temperature difference were also measured. The opening types were divided into three cases: louvres with a sash angle of 0, 15, and 30 with similar opening areas. The results show that discharge coefficients for louvres with sash angles of 0, 15, and 30 are 0.80, 0.62, and 0.41, respectively, indicating that the coefficient decreases with increasing sash opening angle.

DOI： 10.1051/e3sconf/202339602030

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339602030

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Buildings use a large amount of energy, depending on the climate. To design buildings with high energy and thermal performance in the future, it is necessary to use weather data that reflect future climatic information. Some future weather files for building simulations have been developed. However, these datasets are based on different predictions, and each future weather file has a different creation process. Such methodological differences may lead to differences in predicting the energy and thermal performance of buildings. Understanding the characteristics of each data type is necessary for its appropriate use. However, limited information is available for properly utilizing future weather data for building simulations. This study aims to provide information on the characteristics of future weather data for better utilization. After thoroughly reviewing the existing data and creation methods, we propose a framework for understanding future weather data based on their creative process. We collected five types of future weather datasets available in Japan and compared their characteristics. One of these datasets is the future weather dataset based on climate information provided by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). We confirmed the degree of variation in each weather element and predicted cooling/heating demand using future weather data available in Japan.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339605014

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

With the aim of establishing a zero-energy housing (ZEH), an intelligent envelope system composed of a passive dehumidification and solar collection system (PDSC system) based on thermodynamic energy theory and an energy recovery ventilation (ERV) unit has been developed, abbreviated as PSE (PDSC & ERV) system, which can be expected to control the indoor hygrothermal environment by using renewable energy further to reduce the heating and cooling demand for the HVAC system. In this study, the measurement experiments were conducted in a wooden house equipped with a PSE system, and the temperature and humidity distributions in the rooms were assessed using thermohygrometer sensors. The field comparison experiments for the three systems (exhaust-only ventilation system, ERV system, and PSE system) were performed separately under various meteorological conditions in summer and winter. The measurement results in summer showed that the PSE system has a significant dehumidification effect compared to the exhaust-only and ERV-only ventilation systems and could effectively reduce the latent heat load caused by ventilation. The measurement results in winter indicated that the PSE system has the effect of heat collection and humidity control as well as reducing the sensible heat load originating from ventilation.

DOI： doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339603025

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Louvre openings are widely used for ventilation in residences at tropical regions. Traditional households rely primarily on natural ventilation for cooling instead of using air conditioners throughout the year. Hence, a design strategy that maximizes the natural ventilation rate with an accurate discharge coefficient is necessary. The discharge coefficient for a traditional window without a louvre is 0.6. However, studies on discharge coefficients for louvre openings with sashes are lacking. Discharge coefficient will differ according to the installed sash owing to increased contraction and friction losses. Therefore, we determined the discharge coefficient value for various sash angles and the impact of the louvre geometric parameter on the discharge coefficient. To investigate the effects of geometry on the discharge coefficient, real-time natural ventilation rate was quantified using the tracer gas (constant concentration) method. Pressure difference, outdoor wind velocity, and temperature difference were also measured. The opening types were divided into three cases: louvres with a sash angle of 0°, 15°, and 30° with similar opening areas. The results show that discharge coefficients for louvres with sash angles of 0°, 15°, and 30° are 0.80, 0.62, and 0.41, respectively, indicating that the coefficient decreases with increasing sash opening angle.

DOI： doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339602030

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Buildings use a large amount of energy, depending on the climate. To design buildings with high energy and thermal performance in the future, it is necessary to use weather data that reflect future climatic information. Some future weather files for building simulations have been developed. However, these datasets are based on different predictions, and each future weather file has a different creation process. Such methodological differences may lead to differences in predicting the energy and thermal performance of buildings. Understanding the characteristics of each data type is necessary for its appropriate use. However, limited information is available for properly utilizing future weather data for building simulations. This study aims to provide information on the characteristics of future weather data for better utilization. After thoroughly reviewing the existing data and creation methods, we propose a framework for understanding future weather data based on their creative process. We collected five types of future weather datasets available in Japan and compared their characteristics. One of these datasets is the future weather dataset based on climate information provided by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). We confirmed the degree of variation in each weather element and predicted cooling/heating demand using future weather data available in Japan.

DOI： doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339605014

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

With the aim of establishing a zero-energy housing (ZEH), an intelligent envelope system composed of a passive dehumidification and solar collection system (PDSC system) based on thermodynamic energy theory and an energy recovery ventilation (ERV) unit has been developed, abbreviated as PSE (PDSC & ERV) system, which can be expected to control the indoor hygrothermal environment by using renewable energy further to reduce the heating and cooling demand for the HVAC system. In this study, the measurement experiments were conducted in a wooden house equipped with a PSE system, and the temperature and humidity distributions in the rooms were assessed using thermohygrometer sensors. The field comparison experiments for the three systems (exhaust-only ventilation system, ERV system, and PSE system) were performed separately under various meteorological conditions in summer and winter. The measurement results in summer showed that the PSE system has a significant dehumidification effect compared to the exhaust-only and ERV-only ventilation systems and could effectively reduce the latent heat load caused by ventilation. The measurement results in winter indicated that the PSE system has the effect of heat collection and humidity control as well as reducing the sensible heat load originating from ventilation.

DOI： doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339603025

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Biophilic design is aimed at creating a good habitat for people by enhancing the connectedness between people and nature in the urban environment; its effects on promoting psychological health are well known, but further studies are required to quantify the effects on physical and physiological aspects to provide a holistic view to support design practice. In this study, we focused on the physical aspect and quantitatively analyzed the effects of biophilic design on the thermal environment and occupants' thermal sensations. Field measurements and questionnaire surveys were conducted at a multifloor indoor garden in a public building in Kumamoto, Japan, with an artificial waterfall, pond, plants, and natural light as biophilic elements. Predicted mean vote was calculated using field measurement results as an objective indicator to assess thermal comfort. Questionnaires were used to verify the psychological effects and clarify the occupants' thermal sensations by comparing with field measurement results. The effects of the waterfall were studied when it was switched on and off. The results suggest the rationality behind incorporating biophilic design inside buildings, in terms of the physical aspect, highlighting the psychological effectiveness, especially during winter, and the benefits of thermal comfort, especially during summer.

DOI： doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601085

Publisher：Environmental Science and Engineering  

Although many studies highlight the relevance of heat transfer through frames and aim at improving the thermal performance of the frame, unfortunately poorly insulated frames are still being sold in many regions of the world. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the potential effect of strengthening on the window frame of nationwide. This study evaluates the impact of window frames on annual energy consumption and its contribution to CO2 emission reductions at the city-scale. The impact of frame material on annual energy consumption is approximately 0.11%–3.55%. Consequently, it was confirmed that the CO2 emissions can be reduced by approximately 4.76%–8.02% by alternative. In conclusion, when converted to the amount of CO2 gas absorbed by cedar, the absorption effect of 282,558–476,530 cedar trees can be obtained. Through this, it can be confirmed that, among the various elements of the building, changing the material of the window frame shows a significant energy saving effect, and that it is a considerable amount when converted into the city-scale.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-19-9822-5_56

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

<p>本研究は、建物のライフサイクル評価に向けてLife Cycle Design将来気象データを開発し、建築設計への活用を目的とする。本報では建物設計用の将来気象データの適切な活用に向けた情報提供を目的に、既存の将来気象データの作成手法を概観し、作成過程から将来気象データの特徴を把握するための枠組みを提案した。また、その枠組みを基にLife Cycle Design将来気象データとその特徴を紹介した。</p>

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2023.05.0_69

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publisher：Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University  

Even though the hot and humid conditions throughout the year, most Indonesian stay in a house that uses natural ventilation due to energy poverty and economic conditions. Commonly, they rely on natural ventilation by opening windows to achieve thermal comfort in the indoor environment. Therefore, an on-site survey and questionnaire were performed on more than 240 occupants and 115 naturally ventilated houses to investigate thermal comfort performance between two houses based on thermal sensation vote (TSV) and thermal comfort vote (TCV). In addition, some questions related to airflow scale, air freshness, thermal preference and body response are employed. The results present that type 1 is more comfortable than type 2. The study also reveals that the larger openings ratio is more acceptable than the few ones. Furthermore, this study confirms the adaptive behaviour where most occupants utilize the windows openings in the morning until noon and operate the fans during the night to modify indoor environment conditions to be more comfortable. Keywords: Naturally ventilated house, Indoor thermal comfort, Assessment, Tropical region

DOI： 10.15017/6788786

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Windows are among building components that have the strongest effect on thermal load. They play a significant role in heat loss in buildings because they usually have a largely higher thermal conductance than other components of the building envelope. Although many studies have highlighted the relevance of heat transfer through frames and aimed to improve their thermal performance, poorly insulated aluminum frames (thermal conductivity of aluminum is 160 W/m·K, while that of polyvinyl chloride [PVC] is 0.17 W/m·K) are still in use in Japan. Therefore, the U-values of different window frames were calculated, and annual thermal loads were calculated according to the window configurations, including the frame, glazing, and cavity. We focused on standard residential buildings in Japan with a total floor area of 120.6 m2 (two-story building), and the number of newly built houses and the application rate of window configurations in 2019 were surveyed to estimate the CO2 emissions by regions. CO2 emissions were reduced by approximately 3.98–6.58% with the application of PVC frames. Furthermore, CO2 emissions were converted into the amount of CO2 gas absorbed by cedar trees, which cover nearly 18% of the total land area of Japan. In conclusion, analogous to the amount of CO2 gas absorbed by cedar trees, the absorption effect was equivalent to 327,743–564,416 cedar trees. Changing the window frame material can facilitate a significant energy-saving effect as a considerable amount of energy is saved, especially at a city scale.

DOI： doi.org/10.3390/en15103692

Publisher：Energies  

Windows are among building components that have the strongest effect on thermal load. They play a significant role in heat loss in buildings because they usually have a largely higher thermal conductance than other components of the building envelope. Although many studies have highlighted the relevance of heat transfer through frames and aimed to improve their thermal performance, poorly insulated aluminum frames (thermal conductivity of aluminum is 160 W/m·K, while that of polyvinyl chloride [PVC] is 0.17 W/m·K) are still in use in Japan. Therefore, the U-values of different window frames were calculated, and annual thermal loads were calculated according to the window configurations, including the frame, glazing, and cavity. We focused on standard residential buildings in Japan with a total floor area of 120.6 m2 (two-story building), and the number of newly built houses and the application rate of window configurations in 2019 were surveyed to estimate the CO2 emissions by regions. CO2 emissions were reduced by approximately 3.98–6.58% with the application of PVC frames. Furthermore, CO2 emissions were converted into the amount of CO2 gas absorbed by cedar trees, which cover nearly 18% of the total land area of Japan. In conclusion, analogous to the amount of CO2 gas absorbed by cedar trees, the absorption effect was equivalent to 327,743–564,416 cedar trees. Changing the window frame material can facilitate a significant energy-saving effect as a considerable amount of energy is saved, especially at a city scale.

DOI： 10.3390/en15103692

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Energy and Buildings  

As social interest in energy welfare increases, support programs and policies for fuel poverty are steadily being implemented. Energy subsidies play a significant role in improving the indoor thermal conditions affected by fuel poverty. However, various measures to reduce green-house gas emissions in the building sector are being applied. As a result, a balance between energy welfare and energy saving policies is required.
This study aims to analyze the effect of an energy subsidy on improving the indoor temperature and heating energy consumption in low-income dwellings. Long-term and detailed measurements and surveys were conducted for 16 low-income households in an apartment complex in Korea (semi-cold climate). The indoor temperature and heating energy use with/without energy voucher were analyzed. In addition, the annual heating energy consumptions of all 1460 households in the same apartment complex were analyzed.
The results showed that the indoor average temperature of the households receiving the energy subsidy was 24.68 °C, and the households without the energy subsidy were 22.62 °C. In addition, the indoor minimum temperature of the households receiving the energy subsidy was about 1.5 °C higher. The annual heating energy use increased by 59.9% for the older building and 26.6% for the newer building compared with those who did not receive energy subsidies. Energy vouchers have a strong influence on the indoor thermal condition and heating energy consumption of low-income dwellings. The energy subsidy policy for the low-income households needs to be re-examined in terms of energy savings and energy welfare.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111678

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Building and Environment  

Advanced thermal environment simulation technology has been developing rapidly in recent years. The thermal environment simulation tools used in thermal engineering can be broadly classified into energy simulations and computational fluid dynamics programs. The combination of these approaches allows the high-accuracy prediction of a non-stationary thermal environment in a continuous space. The main feature of the coupled analysis method is that the radiation is calculated using energy simulation, which reduces the analysis load and makes transient analysis possible. Here, a method was devised for predicting the thermal environment of air conditioners and radiant panels, and its accuracy was verified. By coupling the convective heat transfer coefficient, the maximum mean absolute error of the proposed method was calculated to be 0.674 [-], which is acceptable considering the variable environmental conditions. Although in the acceptable range, this error is attributable to computational fluid dynamics, which is a steady-state analysis and does not fully track the non-stationarity of the radiant panel because of its stop–start nature. The results of this analysis are comprehensive, with the convective heat transfer coefficient calculated using the input conditions for each wall. Regarding the energy simulation, when temperature stratification occurred near a surface, such as the ceiling, a small error was induced because the reference temperature was set to the bulk temperature. However, as the overall trend was captured by the analysis method, these minor errors were deemed acceptable. These results show that the proposed method can be applied to a range of applications, including office spaces.

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108559

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

To more accurately evaluate the indoor hygrothermal environment of a building, control the indoor temperature and humidity, evaluate the thermal comfort of occupants, and select the capacity of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, moisture transfer from and into architectural materials should be considered. However, the most widely used commercialized software ignores the moisture effect from envelopes or adopts a simplified model based on the difference in humidity ratios between hygroscopic materials and interior zone air. In this study, the effects of the driving forces of hygrothermal models were identified and quantified. The calculated results show that the indoor humidity changes differed when the moisture effect by moisture adsorption and desorption was considered in the models. Because the simplified effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) model uses differences in the humidity ratio as a driving force, the calculated results of the indoor humidity ratio exhibit relatively constant tendencies. However, the thermodynamic chemical potential model corresponds to a detailed heat, air, and moisture transfer (HAM) model that uses the water potential as a driving force; this model can consider the moisture effect based on temperature and humidity changes. Therefore, the humidity ratios calculated using the detailed thermodynamic HAM model show differences of 0.01%–38.78%, and the difference in relative humidity between building materials and indoor air becomes smaller; these results are comparable to those of the simplified model. Finally, the adoption of a simplified model can result in differences in the sensible heat load of 4.4%–13.8% and latent heat load of 16.1%–51.2%. Thus, this study confirmed that a coupled HAM model, which uses the water potential as a driving force, can be employed to accurately simulate the hygrothermal behavior of building envelopes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111501

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We developed an unsteady computational simulation tool that sequentially inputs the calculated heat load to a heat source model to determine the coefficient of performance (COP) and power consumption of air conditioners. The accuracy of the energy consumption prediction was improved by incorporating the air-conditioning model into the coupled calculation of energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics as well as reproducing the behavior of equipment efficiency. We conducted a comparative study in an office with a partition in the centre to investigate the effects of short circuits and heat accumulation. The experiments indicated a difference between the bulk temperature of the space and the input air humidity of the air conditioner of ∼2.0°C and 2.5 g/kg (DA), respectively. The coupled analysis confirmed that the power consumption of the bulk temperature/humidity input was ∼100 W and the COP error was ∼2, while the suction temperature/humidity input had high accuracy.

DOI： 10.1080/19401493.2021.1992503

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589217

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The number of houses with large, continuous spaces has increased recently. With improvements in insulation performance, it has become possible to efficiently air condition such spaces using a single air conditioner. However, the air conditioning efficiency depends on the placement of the air conditioner. The only way to determine the optimal placement of such air conditioners is to conduct an experiment or use computational fluid dynamic analysis. However, because the analysis is performed over a limited period, it is difficult to consider non-stationarity effects without using an energy simulation. Therefore, in this study, energy simulations and computational fluid dynamics analyses were coupled to develop a thermal environment analysis method that considers non-stationarity effects, and various air conditioner arrangements were investigated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The accuracy verification results generally followed the experimental results. A case study was conducted using the calculated boundary conditions, and the results showed that the placement of two air conditioners in the target experimental house could provide sufficient air conditioning during both winter and summer. Our results suggest that this method can be used to conduct preliminary studies if the necessary data are available during design or if an experimental house is used.

DOI： 10.3390/en14154663

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Indoor solar-heating systems that use ventilated roofs have drawn attention in recent years. The effectiveness and efficiency of such air-heating systems vary depending on the design and operation methods. In Japan, by introducing outside air into a ventilated roof cavity and circulating the air indoors, systems that simultaneously obtain ventilation, solar heating, and heat-storage effects have been actively developed. The conventional systems intake a large volume of outside air to increase the solar heat collection effect. However, there is a risk of heat loss and over-drying when a large amount of cold dry air during winter is introduced. In this paper, plans are presented for improving these solar heating and heat-storage effects by preventing over-drying using indoor air circulation via ventilated cavities in the roof and indoor wall. By comparing the results of the proposed system with those of the conventional system via numerical simulation, the heating load is found to be reduced by 50% or more by circulating indoor air to the ventilated roof and storing the heat in the indoor wall. Moreover, an increased relative humidity of approximately 10% was confirmed by reducing the intrusion of the outside air and keeping the moisture indoors.

DOI： 10.3390/en14061606

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

円錐台形状の盛り土建築を対象として，外皮を8方位に分割して2次元熱伝導計算を導入し，さらにCFDと連成することで近似的に3次元の熱・気流拡散を予測する方法（ESとCFDの連成計算に2次元伝熱計算プログラムを補填する拡張計算法）を提案した。3次元熱伝導が生じる外皮形状の建築を対象とする場合のESとCFDの連成計算法の確立するとともに，実験結果を再現することで計算方法の妥当性について明らかにした。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

With the aim of designing a passive home that exhibits constant hygrothermal control performance using renewable energy, we develop a high-performance envelope system characterized by dehumidification/radiative cooling in hot and humid summers and humidity control/heating in cold and dry winters, which can be applied to homes (which are based on a dry construction method) using mainly industrial building materials. We have previously conducted laboratory experiments using a roof model and numerical simulations. Using these studies, we design and construct a full-scale home to verify the applicability and effectiveness of this system in actual homes. In this paper, we propose a housing design method that can control the temperature and humidity by introducing a system that uses renewable energy, as well as confirming the effects of passive dehumidification, radiative cooling, and solar heat collection via field measurements using demonstration homes. As an example of the experimental results, the relative and absolute humidity in the home with the proposed system were reduced by approximately 11% and 3.2 g/kg, respectively, in comparison with the home without the system during the humid summer season, thus clarifying the dehumidification effect of this system.

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107241

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Green roofs and cool roofs are commonly used to improve indoor thermal environment, reduce air-conditioning load and mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This study aimed to quantify the differences in thermal and energy performance between the two different roof types under the climate of Shanghai. Firstly, field experiment was conducted in the Shanghai area. Thermal performance of green roof, cool roof and common roof in summer and winter were measured. Results showed that, compared to common roof, the cool roof had an average cooling effect of 3.3 °C on the outer roof deck surface in summer, while the green roof only had a cooling effect of 2.9 °C. In winter, the green roof provided good insulation, and could improve outer surface temperature of the roof deck by an average of 3.3 °C compared to the cool roof. A hygrothermal transfer model for green roof was coupled with a dynamic building thermal performance simulation software (THERB) and validated using measured data. The coupled model was used to predict the effect of both roof types on energy performance of a public building. Simulation results showed that green roof could reduce the cooling and heating loads of the top floor by 3.6% and 6.2%, respectively. The cool roof could reduce cooling load by 3.6% and increase heating load by 10.4%. Finally, a parametric analysis was implemented. The functional mechanism of the main parameters of green and cool roof as well as their impacts on thermal and energy performance of public buildings were analyzed in detail. Conclusions drawn from this paper could provide guidance for the design optimization and application of green roof and cool roof in Shanghai area.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122205

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Airtight construction and high-performance thermal insulation materials are commonly considered important building features to enhance indoor thermal comfort while reducing thermal load. However, when water vapor is generated in such airtight indoor spaces, it cannot be discharged to the outside, causing interstitial condensation and subsequent intrusion of moisture into the walls. Hygroscopic building materials such as cellulose fiber insulation (CFI), characterized by high water capacity, are a potential countermeasure against such condensation. In this study, the humidity control performance of external walls containing CFI was evaluated using data measured inside a demonstration house and calculated by numerical simulations based on thermodynamic chemical potential theory. The changes in moisture adsorption and desorption were then evaluated for different wall constructions and different climate conditions using a parameter sensitivity analysis. Finally, the effective application of CFI to prevent interstitial condensation was confirmed by comparing different wall compositions.

DOI： 10.1111/ina.12622

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In building design, several approaches have been proposed for coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and energy simulation (ES) to perform analyses of thermal environments. The unsteady analysis of thermal environments within buildings containing offices and colonnade spaces is difficult to perform using an ES that represents the space with a single mass point, owing to excessive predictive heat loss; therefore, CFD has typically been used instead. Although it is possible to divide the space into zones using ES, it leads to excessive predicted heat loss and the prediction of heat movement due to the influence of strong air currents, such as those associated with air conditioners. This behavior is observed because these zones are not detailed mesh divisions. To solve these problems, we proposed a method for calculating the ratio of heat contribution to zones that were pre-divided using CFD followed by the distribution of the total thermal load calculated by ES. In this study, we proposed a method for coupling ES and CFD, which enabled the unsteady analysis of a thermal environment in a large space and verified its accuracy.

DOI： 10.3390/en12132560

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Experimental studies and simulation analysis were conducted to assess the hygrothermal performance of intelligent roof systems, which perform passive dehumidification in summer and solar heat collection in winter by air circulation through the roof ventilation layer to reduce sensible and latent heat load using solar heat. A high-efficiency air conditioning system separating latent and sensible heat can be developed using fibrous insulation with excellent moisture conditioning properties. The thermodynamic-potential-based fundamental principle of the intelligent skin system, which performs passive dehumidification and solar collection, was explained based on non-equivalent thermodynamics. The performance characteristics of temperature and humidity fluctuations of the intelligent roof were experimentally and numerically demonstrated. This work enables the combined analysis of heat and moisture movement in the envelope system. The experimental and numerical simulation results indicate that significant sensible and latent heat reduction can be achieved by running the system using renewable energy.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.04.039

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In recent years, there has been a tendency to focus on high airtightness and the thermal insulation performance of houses for the purpose of the improvement of the indoor heat environment and reduction in the heating and cooling loads. However, the high airtightness and insulation performance increase the risk of intrusion into the inside of the wall, which causes interstitial condensation because the water vapor generated in the room cannot be discharged to the outside. In this study, we evaluate the anti-condensation performance of the walls using cellulose-fiber-based heat insulation (CF), which has a large moisture capacity and excellent moisture adsorption and desorption performance. The usefulness of CF is confirmed by clarifying the occurrence of internal condensation through measurement data analysis of a demonstration house, as well as numerical simulations.

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/238/1/012013

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A detailed investigation of thermal performance of an air-circulation-type temperature-control system to serve as an alternative means of saving energy and heat storage is reported. The proposed system is of the hybrid type combining a central air-conditioning system, system incorporating phase-change material (PCM), and a roof-ventilation layer. The said hybrid system was tested by means of an experiment performed in an actual house located in Yufuin in the Oita prefecture in Japan. Numerical analysis was performed using Hygrabe—an unsteady heat-transfer-analysis tool—for the building envelope. Results of the said experiment were observed to accurately predict the effects of radiative cooling, exhaust cooling, cold storage and release in summer, solar-heat collection, and heat storage and release in winter. The potential for improved operation of the proposed system was demonstrated via parameter sensitivity analysis, which quantified the change in each effect along with resulting correlations deduced based on changes brought about in individual factors, such as air velocity, roof length, and PCM box. The proposed study, therefore, facilitates development of design guidelines for temperature-control systems to be installed in high-performance passive homes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.111

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper presents a study on a mechanically ventilated Trombe wall that adds additional windows to the storage wall. The mechanically ventilated Trombe wall is located on the south side of the house with a central air conditioning and air circulation system. To reduce the heating load, during the heating period, the heat from the Trombe wall air channel is sent to the air conditioning room, from where it is then distributed and stored throughout the house by way of air circulation. Taking a house located in Miyazaki, Japan as an example, we conducted an actual survey to understand the situation of heat utilization of the Trombe wall and used numerical simulations to examine the effective method of heat utilization of the Trombe wall. Results showed that in all-day air conditioning, even when sending the air in the Trombe wall to the air-conditioned room, the temperature of the Trombe wall remained high. The heating load was reduced by sending the air from the Trombe wall to the central air-conditioned room and installing the large heat capacity material on the floor in the Trombe wall.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.010

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Based on numerical simulations, the heating load reduction effect of an attached sunspace in winter was determined, and the effective heat utilization method and sunspace design were explored. In this paper, we studied the heating load reduction effect using heat from the sunspace and temperature fluctuation of each room at the time of heat use from the sunspace (sending air from the sunspace to the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) machine room and taking the air to the adjacent rooms). In the case of the all-day HVAC system, it was confirmed that a larger capacity of sunspace and not sending air from the sunspace to the adjacent room demonstrated a better heating-load reduction effect. Compared with Model Iw (a house with a window on the exterior of the sunspace opened to external air), Model I (a house with an attached sunspace on the second floor) could save approximately 41% of the total energy. Model II (a house with the attached sunspace both on the first and second floors) could save approximately 84% of the total energy. Sending heat from the sunspace to the adjacent room led to temperature increases in the adjacent rooms. However, if the construction plan is to have the sunspace only on the second floor, the house should be carefully designed, for example, by placing a living room on the second floor.

DOI： 10.3390/en11051192

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper, the thermal performance of a sunspace attached to a house with a central air conditioning system was experimentally investigated. The house with a south-facing sunspace is located in Miyazaki, Japan, where heating is required in winter. In order to reduce the heating energy in winter, the hot air from the attached sunspace is sent to the central air conditioning room, from where it is then distributed and stored throughout the house by way of air circulation. Only when the temperature in the sunspace exceeds 24 °C is the hot air in the sunspace sent to the central air conditioning room. The air circulation between the attached sunspace and central air conditioning room is 500 m³/h. The temperature of the attached sunspace and each room were measured. The results showed that a house with a sunspace can save about 12.2% of energy compared to a house without a sunspace.

DOI： 10.3390/su10051428

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We have developed a new coupling method between energy simulation (ES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, the validity of the coupling method in the stationary part is verified, and the temperature distribution of the space is predicted. At this time, we compare whether it is better to use a temperature boundary for the high boundary conditions or a heat flow boundary. An ES cannot consider the spatial temperature distribution, but it is possible to divide the space into any number of divisions. Since the amount of advection of the cross section of the space of the divided analysis model is not known, the temperature distribution of the space can be reproduced, even by ES, by integrating the values calculated by CFD. In this study, we clarify that the temperature distribution in an environment where natural convection by floor heating is dominant can be reproduced in detail by a combination of ES and CFD. We also conduct a fundamental study of a method for predicting the temperature of an arbitrarily divided zone in a large space. As a result, the temperature distribution when the amount of advection is coupled is clarified.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.11.059

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper aims to make clear the effects of two important parameters, namely thickness of soil layer and leaf area index of plant layer, on green roof energy and thermal performance. Based on a coupled hygrothermal transfer model validated by field experiments in Shanghai area, energy balance of plant and soil layer is analyzed. Then 18 cases are simulated for different combinations of soil thickness and leaf area index, the results show that soil thickness has a significant effect on long term thermal performance of green roof in both summer and winter, while the effect of leaf area index is only great in summer. Compared with the hypothetical case without evaporation and transpiration, it is found that evaporation of soil layer makes a greater contribution in summer but a less one in winter compared with insulation effect of soil layer. For plant layer, shading is the main cooling way of roof deck while transpiration plays a minor role. Finally, based on the simulation results of long-term thermal performance, two new indexes are proposed to evaluate the relative thermal characteristic of green roof. And the influences of soil thickness, leaf area index and evapotranspiration on the two indexes are analyzed respectively.

DOI： 10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.064

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A central air circulation system that uses a roof ventilation layer and a phase change material (PCM) unit is proposed as a possible means of controlling thermal load and peak load. The central air-conditioning air-circulation-type system enables reduction of sensible heat load and facilitates radiative cooling/forced heat exchange in summer, and solar heat collection in winter, via the roof ventilation layer; thereby improving efficiency. The PCM unit is incorporated into the air circulation route to store the cold energy of the cooled air by radiative cooling and the heat energy of the heated air by solar heat collection. The actual measurement results of an experimental house were analyzed and numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the effective sensible heat and peak load reductions. The quantitative simulation and experimental results indicate that significant sensible heat reduction can be achieved by employing the proposed system, which uses natural energy to reduce the energy consumption of indoor temperature control.

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.08.007

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

As a building component with long history, green envelope has received much attention for its thermal and energy benefits in the past decades. However, few studies have taken into account the two-way effect of green envelope on indoor and outdoor environment during thermal performance evaluation. In this paper, a coupled hygrothermal transfer model of green envelope is developed and validated against field measurements, and the results demonstrate that the model could reasonably reproduce temporal variations of temperature and moisture in green envelope. Then the green envelope model is implemented into an urban canopy model to predict its thermal performance under urban canopy context in Shanghai area. The simulations for a district of office buildings indicate that green envelope decreases sensible heat getting into the indoor and outdoor space significantly, and the maximum indoor temperature difference between buildings with and without green envelope is up to 0.34C under free-floating condition. Meanwhile, for outdoor environment, the maximum differences for air temperature, mean radiant temperature and SET* are up to 0.1,0.9 and 0.2 °C respectively under air conditioning condition. What's more, sensitivity analysis shows that building density has a significant effect on the relative cooling benefit of green envelope against common envelope.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.014

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

It's widely accepted that green roof systems exhibit varying thermal performances compared with common roofs, nonetheless, there are lack of indexes to characterize this difference with regards to internal mechanisms. In light of this condition, this paper presents two new indexes, namely insulation factor (φ) and comprehensive temperature regulation factor (β) based on insulation and passive cooling effect of the green roof. In order to predict long-term thermal performance of green roof in Shanghai area, a coupled heat and moisture transfer model is developed and validated by measurement data. Based on this model, green roof thermal performances are simulated under different indoor temperatures, and two indexes under different seasons are calculated. The results demonstrate that φ changes little around the year while β varies greatly. To make clear the variation rule of these two indexes, a sensitivity test is carried out. It's observed that thermal resistance of substrate layer and corresponding common roof are the main influence parameters of φ, while β is affected mostly by leaf area index, surface reflectivity and emissivity of substrate layer and common roof. In practice, these two indexes could be used to evaluate the relative thermal performance of different types of green roof against corresponding common roof.

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.04.001

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In order to analyze thermal and energy performance of living wall system in Shanghai area, a coupled heat and moisture transfer model is developed and validated by filed experiments. The measurement results prove that living wall has a better thermal performance than corresponding common wall in summer and winter. And an energy balance analysis is conducted to elucidate the difference of heat transfer mechanism between living wall and common wall. Based on the model, the impact of orientation on thermal performance of living wall is simulated and analyzed in summer and winter. Furthermore, additional equivalent thermal resistance is calculated to evaluate the average thermal performance of living wall according to the long-term simulation results of both walls. It's found that the additional equivalent thermal resistance of living wall in summer is obviously higher than that in winter. Finally, a sensitivity test is carried out to distinguish the significant factors that affect long-term thermal performance of living wall, including plant parameters, substrate parameters, structure layer parameters, indoor condition, weather parameters and irrigation frequency. The model in the paper helps to optimize the design of living wall to get a better thermal benefit and judge whether living wall satisfies the local rule of energy conservation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.083

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The underground thermal environment shows a complex structure that is affected by the topography, geological features, flow of underground water, rise in temperature from urbanization, the landcover composition and so on. For the purpose of understanding the underground thermal environment, this study measured the ground temperature of gauge wells in the center of Hadano City, Kanagawa. In general, thermal temperature remains constant all year round at a certain depth from the ground surface. But, actual measurement results showed that the closer to the ground surface, the higher the annual temperature. This study, for the purpose of analyzing the causes of underground warming, calculated the underground temperature through numerical simulation and reviewed how changes in the landcover composition structure that forms the ground surface and the temperature rise from urbanization affect underground temperature. In the numerical simulation, a complex moving model consisting of air, vegetation, heat, moisture and air was used to analyze the heat due to actual phenomena, with detailed consideration given to the effect of vegetation or the movement of moisture in the ground. The calculation results show that the gauge well of Hadano City and the underground temperature measured at 12m were almost the same, confirming the accuracy of the numerical simulation. Calculation results from areas with various landcover compositions such as green areas, barren areas and asphalt-covered areas were compared and the rising temperatures over the past 50 years in Hadano City were also taken into account to conclude that rising temperatures from urbanization, changes in the ground surface landcover composition, flow of underground water have an effect on underground temperature.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.81.111

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Recent buildings are required to not only energy conservation but also healthy and amenity for residents. The active systems (radiant heating and cooling system, personal air conditioning system, etc.) and the passive systems (natural draft, solar heat gain, etc.) for energy conservation are suggested to accomplish both performances. Therefore, the quantitative estimation including human sensation of hygrothermal environment and energy performance based on these systems is important. Generally simulation software to predict temperature, humidity, heating and cooling load of building spaces does not take into account of human sensation under non-uniform environment such as radiant heating and cooling system. THERB is dynamic simulation software that can estimate temperature, humidity, the sensory index, and the heating and cooling load for multiple-zone buildings and wall assemblies. The heat and moisture transfer models used in THERB, such as those for conduction, convection, radiation, and ventilation (or air leakage), are based on detailed phenomena describing actual building physics. These models can be applied to all forms of building design, structure, or occupant schedules. All of these phenomena are typically calculated without simplifying the heat and moisture transfer principles of any building component or element. Thus, THERB can predict the hygrothermal environment of the whole building, taking into consideration the complex relationship between heat and moisture transfer and airflow. This paper explains the prominent features of the calculation models, and investigates the accuracy of THERB by comparison with a test house equipped with a hydronic floor-heating system. It was found that THERB could predict the thermal environment of a room equipped with a hydronic floor-heating system with absolute accuracy. Subsequently, the sensory index "COMSET^∗," based on the hygrothermal balance of the various parts of the human body, is calculated in case of the non-uniform thermal environment of floor heating, with a combination of THERB. Sensitivity analyses of the heating system and the sensory index provide the following results. 1) Even if the values of COMSET^∗ remain constant, the room air temperature rises when the heating system is changed in the following order: space conditioning, floor heating in a standing position, and floor heating in a sitting position, to cause a sense of warmth. 2) The floor-heating system has the ability to decrease the heating load dramatically, depending on the physical posture, if the radiative heat and the contact thermal conductance from the floor for each part of the human body are realistically considered as control requirements of heating.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.81.65

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this report, the optimized rated power output and the optimized hot water tank capacity of SOFC in accordance with the energy demand of collective housing are clarified. And authors proposed "the bathtub heat storage operation" and clarified its efficiency. The conclusions are as follows. 1. The optimized rated power output related with the total annual demand of electric power and hot water supply. The optimized hot water tank capacity related with the heat-to-power ratio of demand. 2. "The bathtub heat storage operation" was effective in the cases where the hot water tank capacity was less than 30L. It shows that it was possible to make the hot water tank for collective housing smaller without greatly lowering the energy saving efficiency of SOFC.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.80.441

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Lifestyle of households has been changed to expect hygrothermal comfort and healthy environment through widespread use of space conditioning equipment. Meanwhile, energy conservation in buildings is strongly demanded for effective utilization of energy and resources and for environmental preservation. Therefore, optimization of architectural planning with consideration of future changes in building performance and lifestyle are necessary to maintain a balance between energy conservation, hygrothermal comfort and healthy environment. In this paper, household energy consumption is calculated according to applications of heating, cooling, hot-water supply, lighting, electrical appliances, etc. The calculation accuracy is confirmed through comparison with survey findings. Then the simplified prediction formulas of household specific energy consumption are created with multiple regression analysis based on the sensitivity analysis of dynamic energy simulation. And the many cases of household specific energy consumption variation with building specifications and family configuration are calculated. Furthermore, future prospects of the household energy consumption on single-family houses and multiple dwelling houses are examined with future changes of family configuration and building specifications in Hadano by 2030. As the result, it is clarified that the household energy consumption in 2030 will be likely to increase by 10.3% in single-family houses and by 1.4% in multiple dwelling houses by comparison with 1990 levels in case with no energy conservation measures. However it is possible to reduce household energy consumption by up to 38.3% and 36.3% in both houses in a case with energy conservation measures.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.79.489

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Due to the enforcement of the "Energy Conservation Standard for Housing" and the "Housing Performance Indication Law" in Japan, insulation and air-tightness have been all the more emphasized and have drastically advanced. However the factors significantly interconnected to the comfort such as indoor humidity variation arisen from human living with moisture sorption and desorption of walls have been disregarded. In this paper, red pine plank is utilized as the interior finishing material with moisture sorption and desorption characteristics to provide the function with constant temperature and humidity to insulation and air-tight houses. The model experiments in reference to temperature and humidity response method, the actual measurement of hygrothermal environment of houses, and the numerical simulation have examined the influence of the red pine plank on the indoor environment. The simulation software "THERB" which has complete HAM features (heat and moisture transfer and airflow) including principles of moisture transfer within walls is used and its accuracy is also verified through the comparison of the calculations and the experiments. As the results, the effects of the red pine plank to prevent humidity increase in rainy season and over dryness during heating are clarified. Then constant temperature capability caused by thermal storage within the red pine plank is also demonstrated.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.77.967

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The phase-change characteristic of PCM and the influence of phase-change thermal storage on indoor thermal environment and heatingload were examined with the aim of effective utilization of solar heat by model experiments, outdoor experiments and numerical simulation. The main results obtained are as follows. In the model experiment, the basic data on PCM amount and construction area to keep the room temperature constant are obtained. In the outdoor experiments, the heating load during the night was reduced by up to 9.6% in sunny day by apparent effects of heat storage on PCM constructed in the floor of test house. In addition, the horizontal distribution of room temperature was moderated by relieving cold drafts from windows with temperature rise of the PCM constructed floor. It was confirmed that the simulation software 'THERB for HAM' can accurately calculate the actual indoor thermal environments through the comparison with experimental results. Sensitive analyses on heating load for a single-family house utilizing THERB and multiple linear regression analyses with calculation results clarified that the construction area of PCM, the temperature difference between melting point of PCM and heating preset temperature, the heat loss coefficient of buildings, the constructed amount of PCM have a profound effect in sequence on the heating load and then those contributory factors are crucially important in the development of PCM building materials and solar heat utilization houses.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.77.651

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Many simulation software to predict thermal environment of buildings, such as temperature, humidity, heating and cooling load of building spaces, have been developed according to the development concept such as calculation accuracy, calculation speed, user-friendliness. However, most of them do not take into account moisture transfer in wall assemblies. Humidity calculation in most software is simply affected by ventilation and focuses on just the building spaces. A Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) simulation software called THERB has been developed for the purpose of estimating the hygrothermal environment within buildings. This software has complete HAM features including principles of moisture transfer within walls. In this paper, the prominent features of the THERB are highlighted. Then the accuracy is verified through the comparison of calculation and monitoring results of a residential building. The difference of hygrothermal environment is clarified based whether or not moisture sorption and desorption of walls are incorporated. Furthermore, Sensitive analysis utilizing THERB is performed with the differences of calculation models on heat transfer and incident solar radiation into indoor surfaces.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We examined the impact of air-conditioning loads (hereinafter referred to as AC loads) on the interior structural parts and the AC-usage patternsof super-high-rise residences. We considered different building orientations, structures, and insulation methods. We used the dynamic simulation software THERB (simulation of the thermal environment of residential buildings). It can estimate the temperature, humidity, sensible temperature, and heating/cooling load for multiple buildings. Super-high-rise residences have more structural components such as pillars and beams than do ordinary apartment buildings. The skeleton is generally made of concrete and steel, which have high thermal-storage capacities. The thermal-storage capacity of super-high-rise residences is considered to have a larger impact on the AC load and thermal comfort than that of ordinary residences. We show that the AC load of super-high-rise units would be reduced by installing insulation on the surfaces of interior walls that are not usually insulated in Japan.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.76.999

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Recently, the fight against global warming is becoming increasingly important. Being major energy consumers, air-conditioning (AC) loads are gaining importance. Therefore, the effects of heat insulation methods and AC usage patterns on AC loads should be verified before a building is constructed. This paper examines the AC loads of two typical residential units of steel (S) and reinforced concrete (RC). To compare and analyze these cases, THERB, software for dynamic simulation of the thermal environment of residential buildings, is employed to simulate the loads. Three common patterns based on the lifestyle in Japan are applied in this study to show that different family makeup can lead to varying AC loads. Further, two RC units (exterior wall insulated on the inside/ outside) and one S unit (exterior wall insulated on the inside) are studied. The results reveal that the high heat capacity of concrete influences the living environment and causes differences between the RC and S units. The AC load of an RC unit with an exterior wall that is insulated on the inside is lower than that of a unit with an exterior wall that is insulated on the outside and is almost equal to that of the S unit.

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.9.571

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In this paper, the hygrothermal controll material, the interior finishing material with moisture sorption and desorption characteristics containing PCM (Phase Change Material utilizing latent heat), is developed to provide the function of constant temperature and humidity in buildings. The model experiments and the numerical simulation have examined the influence of the hygrothermal controll materials on the indoor environment. The simulation software "THERB" which has complete HAM features (heat and moisture transfer and airflow) including principles of moisture transfer within walls is used and its accuracy is also verified through the comparison of the calculations and the experiments.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper, the influence of moisture soiption and dcsorption of walls on space conditioning load is exaluated by dynamic simulation based on detailed building physics taking account of heat and moisture transfer and aiifloo of whole huildings. Then sensitive analysis is performed with a number of factors, such as preset temperature and humidity of space condiliomng, ventilation amount, property of inferior materials and so on, which influence indoor humidity. Eleven factors that affect indoor humidity are detined with the extent of the influence by the multiple regression analysis on the basis offhe sensitive analysis. It is clarified that the moisture sorption and desorpf ion of walls are influence both heating and cooling load at a rate over 10 percent and water vapoui pcirncance and moisture capacity of interior finish are the significant factor on the moisture solption and desorption.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.73.1171

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We did the survey of the questionnaire of the lifestyle realities of the single-person household. Through the result, we have devised a lifestyle model of the household. This model is composed by the use frequency of home electric appliances and the daily action style. This model will become an effective model for the energy conservation adoption in thinking about the diversification of the home form in the future.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.14.521

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

This paper examines air-conditioning loads by several air-conditioning patterns and heat methods of a super high-rise residence by using the dynamic simulation software "THERB" (the simulation software of the thermal environment of residential buildings) which can estimate temperature, humidity, sensible temperature, and heating/cooling load for multiple zones of buildings. As high-rise residences, the ratio that the structural skeleton dominates a floor area is bigger than that of ordinary residences, and its skeleton is used concrete generally. Heat capacity has a considerable impact on air-conditioning load of high-rise residences. Meanwhile, aspects of air-conditioning style, heat insulation style, structural form and building direction affect to air-conditioning load of high-rise residences significantly. Recently, high-rise residences are to be more and more important factor in our life with its rapid development. It is respected that most people will chose high-rise residences, because of its popularization. Therefore, we must reduce energy consumption for keeping environment load reduction in high-rise residences. Based on above mentioned, heat environment impact on high-rise residences will become an important issue in our society.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

This paper follows the paper of Part 1. Here we examined Air-Conditioning loads (hereinafter referred to as AC loads) impact in several deferent cases of insulation methods in interior of super high-rise residences by using the dynamic simulation software "THERB"(the simulation software of Thermal Environment of Residential Buildings), which can estimate temperature, humidity, sensible temperature and heating/cooling load for multiple zones of buildings. The Proportion that structural frames, such as columns and beams of super high-rise residences, is larger than that of ordinary residences, and the skeleton is generally made of concrete and steel which have high heat storage capacity. Therefore the heat storage capacity of structure of super high-rise residences is considered to have larger effect on AC load than that of ordinary residences. So we consider that the AC load of super high-rise unit would be cut down by putting insulation on surface of interior walls, floors and ceilings on which usually insulation isn't put in Japanese buildings. Recently, high-rise residences are more and more important in our life with its rapid development in Japan. Therefore, reduction of energy consumption in high-rise residences is very important to reduce total environmental loads in Japan.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Here we examined Air-Conditioning loads (hereinafter referred to as AC loads) impact in several deferent cases of insulation methods in interior of super high-rise residences by using the dynamic simulation software "THERB"(the simulation software of Thermal Environment of Residential Buildings), which can estimate temperature, humidity, sensible temperature and heating/cooling load for multiple zones of buildings. The Proportion that structural frames, such as columns and beams of super high-rise residences, is larger than that of ordinary residences, and the skeleton is generally made of concrete and steel which have high heat storage capacity. Therefore the heat storage capacity of structure of super high-rise residences is considered to have larger effect on AC load than that of ordinary residences. So we consider that the AC load of super high-rise unit would be cut down by putting insulation on surface of interior walls, floors and ceilings on which usually insulation isn't put in Japanese buildings. Recently, high-rise residences are more and more important in our life with its rapid development in Japan. Therefore, reduction of energy consumption in high-rise residences is very important to reduce total environmental loads in Japan.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper investigates the impact of structural skeleton on heat load of super high-rise residences with different air-conditioning patterns, heat insulation styles, building directions and glazing structures by using the dynamic simulation software 'THERB'(the simulation software of the thermal environment of residential buildings) which can estimate the temperature, humidity, sensible temperature and heating/cooling load for multiple zones of buildings. In high-rise residences, the ratio that the structural skeleton dominates a floor area is bigger than that in ordinary residences, and the skeleton is generally made up of concrete, so the heat capacity has a considerable impact on heat load of high-rise residences. Meanwhile, the aspects of air-conditioning style, heat insulation style, structural form and building direction affect the heat load of high-rise residences significantly.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The Japanese residential energy saving standard for new house generation was modified in 1999, in which “specification standards” were provided as decision criteria for designers. However, there are several methods for lowering the energy consumption of houses which are not evaluated by these standards. In this paper, we predict the change in heating and cooling load by difference of location, planning and specification of a model house, which are not evaluated by “the specification standards”. We then examine the effectiveness of passive energy methods which are also not considered by the standard.

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.6.183

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

The characteristics of climate in Japan are hot and humid in summer, with cold and dry winter. For this reason, mold growing in rooms is common during summer period. On the other hand, in winter, due to space heating, indoor environment is over-dry as a result of low humidity. This situation is particularly distinctive in the well-insulated and air-tightened houses. The aim of this study was to understand the current indoor humidity environmental conditions by the means of long-term measurement data for obtaining the fundamental information to evaluate the measures to mitigate the dry or humid indoor environment. In addition, the conditions of fungal contamination influenced by indoor environment were predicted. A detailed long-term field measurement program on energy consumption and indoor thermal environment was carried out in 2003, for 80 dwellings (including detached houses and apartments) in six regions of Japan. The data obtained from the field measurement were analyzed and the results based on indoor humidity distribution were reported in this paper.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Dynamic simulation software based upon detailed building physics called THERB for HAM is used to predict hygrothermal environment of whole building. The accuracy of THERB is verified through the comparison of monitored and calculated values of temperature and humidity of the actual residential buildings. Then sensitive analysis utilizing THERB is performed with a number of factors, such as property, area and thickness of interior materials and so on, which influence indoor humidity, especially excessive dryness during heating. Eleven factors that affect indoor humidity are defined with the extent of the influence by the multiple regression analysis on the basis of the sensitive analysis. It is clarified that the THERB can accurately predict the hygrothermal environment of buildings and the extreme sensitive factors influencing indoor humidity are the moisture generation in rooms, outdoor temperature and humidity, the preset heating temperature, water vapour permeance of interior finish and the area of adsorption and desorption materials.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Energy consumption in residential sector has been increasing year by year since 1965. To improve this situation, it is necessary to reconsider the traditional energy supply systems. Distributed power source systems, such as photovoltaic (PV) system and micro co-generation system, are considered as solutions to current residential energy problems. In order to utilize these systems effectively, understanding detailed energy consumption of residences is required. The purpose of this research is to clarify detailed energy consumption; seasonal and annual energy consumption classified by uses, the effect of energy-saving apparatus and heating demand of residences located in the north of Kyushu, Japan. Major results are as follows: (1) energy consumption for hot water supply is larger than ones for lighting, air-conditioning and cooking among most houses, in the north part of Kyushu, (2) PV system is quite effective to save energy of residential buildings, and (3) Heat demand and electric power demand of residences are clarified by detailed measurement for installing individual dispersed power source system, some houses show high thermoelectricity ratio enough to move micro co-generation system effectively, even at present.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.04.010

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A thermodynamic energy "water potential" based on the principles of chemical potential of an element of mixed gas is defined as the driving force of gaseous phase water transfer. Adhesive power or "capillary action" and a portion of the water potential, is confirmed as the driving force of liquid phase water transfer. A numerical model of combined heat and water transfer using the water potential is introduced and influences of forces such as gravity and pressure on water transfer are incorporated from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. A way to estimate diffusivities of gaseous and liquid phase water through porous materials and the thermodynamic relations between such diffusivities and the potential are also shown. Accuracy of the numerical model is demonstrated through a comparison between calculation and experiment for different temperature gradients and water content in a porous material.

DOI： 10.1177/1097196303032806

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A thermodynamic energy “water potential” based on the principles of chemical potential of an element of mixed gas is defined as the driving force of gaseous phase water transfer. Adhesive power or “capillary action” and a portion of the water potential, is confirmed as the driving force of liquid phase water transfer. A numerical model of combined heat and water transfer using the water potential is introduced and influences of forces such as gravity and pressure on water transfer are incorporated from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. A way to estimate diffusivities of gaseous and liquid phase water through porous materials and the thermodynamic relations between such diffusivities and the potential are also shown.

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.2.17

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A new thermodynamic energy `water potential' based on the principles of chemical potential of an element of mixed gas is defined as the driving force of gaseous phase water flux. Adhesive power or `capillary action' and a portion of the water potential, is confirmed as the driving force of liquid phase water flux. A numerical model of combined heat and water transfer using the water potential is introduced and influences of forces, such as gravity and pressure on water flux are incorporated from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. A way to estimate diffusivities of gaseous and liquid phase water through porous materials is also shown. Accuracy of the numerical model is demonstrated through a comparison between calculation and experiment for different temperature gradients and water content in a porous material.

DOI： 10.1016/S0378-7788(00)00116-X

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Event date： 2025.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2024.8

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Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

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Venue：鹿児島   Country：Japan  

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Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

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Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

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Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

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Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

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Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

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Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福井   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：佐賀   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：佐賀   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.10

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

An intelligent housing envelope system that was capable of passive dehumidification and radiative cooling in summer, solar heat collection, and humidity control in winter, was proposed (PDSC system: Passive dehumidification and solar collection system). To reduce the heat load, the PDSC envelope system was developed in the roof ventilation layer that separates latent and sensible heat using fibrous insulation materials with moisture conditioning properties. In this system, the potential-based principle is used on the basis of non-equivalent thermodynamics. Hygrothermal performance and thermal load reduction, especially in summer, in a detached house were demonstrated with numerical simulation by the computer software “THERB” based on a thermodynamic HAM model and the results obtained from field measurements of actual houses.

Event date： 2021.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：九州大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：西鉄イン福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：西鉄イン福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：西鉄イン福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：西鉄イン福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：西鉄イン福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：西鉄イン福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：西鉄イン福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese  

Venue：西鉄イン福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道科学大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道科学大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道科学大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道科学大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道科学大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道科学大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道科学大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：金沢工業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Rome   Country：Italy  

Event date： 2019.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本文理大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本文理大学   Country：Japan