Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s24103123

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s24082534

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s24020362

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

The present systematic review focuses on publications founded on the context of “Developing a Human-Centered AI Environment to Enhance Financial Literacy of College Students”, that is, empirical analysis and data mining of college students and their financial decision-making, development of recommendation system algorithms and personalized strategies and user interface systems, the review of the key financial challenges facing college students towards human-centered AI, description of the search strategies including the methods used in the 45 included publications used in the systematic review alongside their benefits and challenges: especially, questionnaires, and surveys. We have also reviewed the advantages of human-AI interface systems alongside the research design in the study (which is a quantitative design in evaluating the study objectives). The reviewed publications reveal that a link exists between a human-centered AI environment and college students’ financial decision-making.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-60913-8_25

Web of Science

Scopus

researchmap

Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/hci/hci2024-19.html#XieK24

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Special Interest Group on Web Intelligence and Interaction  

<p>推薦システムにおける情報の偏りやいわゆる「フィルターバブル」の問題に対処するため、多くの研究者が推薦における多様性と正確性のバランスを実現するための手法を模索している。推薦結果の多様性に対するユーザの許容度はユーザごとに異なると考えられるが、従来の推薦モデルはこの点に十分対応することができていない。本研究では、多様性と正確性の適切なバランスを実現するために、知識グラフを用いてアイテムの詳細情報を取得し、ユーザの過去のインタラクションデータと組み合わせて、多様性許容度を計算する。ユーザーごとの許容度に基づき、パーソナライズされた推薦を行う手法を提案する。ユーザにおける多様性許容度に対応した推薦を行い、きめ細かく推薦結果の多様性と正確性のバランスを調整することで、効果的に情報の偏りや「フィルターバブル」の課題に対応できるシステムの実現につながることが期待できる。</p>

DOI： 10.57413/wii.20.0_33

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Special Interest Group on Web Intelligence and Interaction  

<p>Affective states play a crucial role in music, as music can influence both current emotions and long-term moods. We propose a novel <i>emotion-enhancing</i> hybrid music recommendation (EEMR) mechanism that finds the suitable criteria in selecting the best music playlist for improving user’s emotion by combining two recommendation techniques, i.e., content-based filtering and context-aware approach. This mechanism generates playlists that align with the user’s preferences and current emotion, while also supporting gradual improvement of the user’s emotion over time.</p>

DOI： 10.57413/wii.20.0_79

CiNii Research

Publisher：UbiComp/ISWC 2023 Adjunct - Adjunct Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and the 2023 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computing  

Owing to the widespread utilization of activity recognition, numerous deep learning models have been proposed to facilitate recognition in diverse contexts. Federated learning (FL) is an emerging learning paradigm that enables the collaborative learning of a shared model without compromising the data privacy of users. However, the assumption of FL is to rely on the annotated data on clients, which is difficult to acquire the annotations for human activity recognition (HAR) on all clients due to the lack of expertise or resource. Moreover, a general model is not suitable for each person due to data heterogeneity, resulting from the different physical characteristics and various contextual information. To this end, we propose a semi-supervised learning method for personalized federated HAR, in which clients have completely unlabeled data, while the server has a small amount of labeled data contributed by volunteers. Clients conduct unsupervised learning on autoencoders with locally unlabeled data to collaboratively learn a general representation model. The server conducts supervised learning on an activity classifier with labeled data stored on the server. After that, the shared model is personalized using individually pseudo-labeled data on each client side, wherein both confidence and uncertainty are taken into account concurrently, with the aim of achieving a balanced selection for assigning pseudo-labels to samples. We conduct extensive experiments with two different real-world HAR datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

DOI： 10.1145/3594739.3610739

Scopus

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a cross-language font style transfer system that can synthesize a new font by observing only a few samples from another language. Automatic font synthesis is a challenging task and has attracted much research interest. Most previous works addressed this problem by transferring the style of the given subset to the content of unseen ones. Nevertheless, they only focused on the font style transfer in the same language. In many cases, we need to learn font style from one language and then apply it to other languages. Existing methods make this difficult to accomplish because of the abstraction of style and language differences. To address this problem, we specifically designed the network into a multi-level attention form to capture both local and global features of the font style. To validate the generative ability of our model, we constructed an experimental font dataset of 847 fonts, each containing English and Chinese characters with the same style. Results show that our model generates 80.3&#37; of users’ preferred images compared with state-of-the-art models.

DOI： 10.1007/s10489-022-04375-6

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s23010113

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions - 11th International Conference, DAPI 2023, Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference, HCII 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 23-28, 2023, Proceedings, Part I

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-34668-2

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions - 11th International Conference, DAPI 2023, Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference, HCII 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 23-28, 2023, Proceedings, Part II

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-34609-5

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-35936-1_37

Publisher：Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics  

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the application of Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) for classifying or generating human skeleton-based action sequences. Despite the progress in this field, there exists a relative dearth of research on the underlying mechanisms of how these network structures learn and represent the information features of the human skeleton. This paper proposes a novel GCN-based reconstruction network ST-ATGCN that utilizes spatial and temporal attention mechanisms for analyzing the extraction and reconstruction patterns of human action sequences. This versatile network can be effectively employed in a wide array of applications, including data compression, noise reduction, and interpolation. Experimental results on a public dataset demonstrate that ST-ATGCN network outperforms most of the currently prevailing GCN-based methods. This indicates the efficacy of the proposed network architecture in accurately extracting and reconstructing human skeleton information. Moreover, the reconstruction network exhibits proficiency in effectively restoring noisy action sequences.

DOI： 10.1109/SMC53992.2023.10394162

Scopus

Publisher：Proceedings 2023 International Conference on Data Information and Computing Science Cdics 2023  

Social recommender systems (SoR) leverage user behavioral and social data to provide personalized recommendations, which are tailored to each users' individual preferences. Current social recommender systems, mainly focus on information aggregation methods for user-item interactions and user-user social networks without fully considering the valuable information contained within subgraphs of the user's social networks, thereby leading to a suboptimal recommendation. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel triad-aware social recommender system named TRASRec (Triadic Relation-Aware Social Recommender system). TRASRec can effectively capture multiple types of information from the user-item interaction network, thereby dynamically adjusting the influence of each type of information on user preferences. Specifically, we employ attention mechanisms to capture user-item interactions, and non-triadic and triadic social relations. Additionally, a multi-level attention mechanism is employed to effectively aggregate diverse information under various subgraphs. Finally, in order to showcase the effectiveness of TRASRec, comprehensive experiments have been conducted on two real-life public datasets. Our model TRASRec surpasses all baseline models in performance comparison, providing strong evidence for the effectiveness of our proposed model. Furthermore, the ablation study of the triadic relation and multi-level attention highlight their significance in the domain of recommendation systems.

DOI： 10.1109/CDICS61497.2023.00016

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Exploring jump back behavior patterns and reasons in e-book system.
<title>Abstract</title>With the increasing use of digital learning materials in higher education, the accumulated operational log data provide a unique opportunity to analyzing student learning behaviors and their effects on student learning performance to understand how students learn with e-books. Among the students’ reading behaviors interacting with e-book systems, we find that jump-back is a frequent and informative behavior type. In this paper, we aim to understand the student’s intention for a jump-back using user learning log data on the e-book materials of a course in our university. We at first formally define the “jump-back” behaviors that can be detected from the click event stream of slide reading and then systematically study the behaviors from different perspectives on the e-book event stream data. Finally, by sampling 22 learning materials, we identify six reading activity patterns that can explain jump backs. Our analysis provides an approach to enriching the understanding of e-book learning behaviors and informs design implications for e-book systems.

DOI： 10.1186/s40561-021-00183-6

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-021-00183-6

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

HCI International 2022 - Late Breaking Papers. Multimodality in Advanced Interaction Environments - 24th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2022, Virtual Event, June 26 - July 1, 2022, Proceedings

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-17618-0

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions. Smart Environments, Ecosystems, and Cities - 10th International Conference, DAPI 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Virtual Event, June 26 - July 1, 2022, Proceedings, Part I

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-05463-1

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions. Smart Living, Learning, Well-being and Health, Art and Creativity - 10th International Conference, DAPI 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Virtual Event, June 26 - July 1, 2022, Proceedings, Part II

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-05431-0

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-05431-0_5

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-06047-2_2

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-05431-0_4

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.1145/3524458.3547233

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-05431-0_10

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

CourseQ: The Impact of Visual and Interactive Course Recommendation in University Environments

DOI： 10.1186/s41039-021-00167-7

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Investigating course choice motivations in university environments
<title>Abstract</title>Recommendation systems need a deeper understanding of users and their motivations to improve recommendation quality and provide more personalized suggestions. This is especially true in the education domain, the more about the student is known, the more useful recommendations can be made. However, although many studies on the course recommendation exist, studies on the students’ course selection motivations in universities are limited. This study investigates the factors that contribute to students’ choice when selecting courses in universities to better understand student perceptions, attitudes, and needs and leverage data-driven approaches for recommending and explaining the recommendations in university environments. A qualitative interview for university students (N = 10) comprised of open-ended questions as well as a questionnaire for students (N = 81) was conducted, aiming to investigate the main reasons behind their choices. The results of this study show that students highly value the course contents and the benefits of the course towards their future careers. Furthermore, students are influenced by other reasons such as the possibility of obtaining a higher grade, the popularity of professors, and recommendations from peers. Next, we extract the main categories of students’ motivations and analyzed the questionnaire data by employing statistical analysis methods as well as the k-means clustering algorithm to identify different types of students in terms of course selection. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for designing more personalized course recommendation systems.

DOI： 10.1186/s40561-021-00177-4

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Active Learning-based Data Collection in Crowd Replication

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-73113-7_5

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-021-00177-4

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in school closures all across the world, and lots of students have shifted from conventional classrooms to online learning. With the help of ICT technologies nowadays, learning online can be more effective in a number of ways. However, most of the online learning environments without instructors' attention may result in different learning patterns compared to the traditional face-to-face classroom. In this paper, we aimed at detecting the slide reading behaviors of the students by analyzing operational event logs from a digital textbook reader for a lecture offered in our university. We compared reading patterns between traditional face-to-face lectures and hybrid online lectures, our results show that online lectures lead to more off-task behaviors. Our analysis provides a rich understanding of e-book reading and informs design implications for online learning during the pandemic. The findings can also be used to improve the instruction designs and learning strategies.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Generating Travel Recommendations for Older Adults Based on Their Social Media Activities

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-77080-8_5

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/WACV48630.2021.00048

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

QFami: An Integrated Environment for Recommending Answerers on Campus.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-90176-9_17

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions - 9th International Conference, DAPI 2021, Held as Part of the 23rd HCI International Conference, HCII 2021, Virtual Event, July 24-29, 2021, Proceedings

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-77015-0

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

HCI International 2021 - Late Breaking Papers: Multimodality, eXtended Reality, and Artificial Intelligence - 23rd HCI International Conference, HCII 2021, Virtual Event, July 24-29, 2021, Proceedings

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-90963-5

Language：Japanese  

Use and Application of Educational Data in Kyushu University

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Exploring Factors that Influence Collaborative Problem Solving Awareness in Science Education
This study designed a science course following collaborative problem solving (CPS) processes, and examined the effect on students’ CPS awareness. The Limnic Eruption CPS course was implemented using a Moodle system in a tenth-grade class. Considering the complex and coordinated nature of CPS, in order to improve CPS skills, it is important to identify what are related with the development of all sub-skills of CPS. Thus this study aimed to determine potential factors that affect the use of CPS skills in students’ motivational and behavioral dimensions. Multiple data sources including learning tests, questionnaire feedback, and learning logs were collected and examined by learning analytics approach. The relationships between students’ CPS awareness with their learning motivation and learning behaviors were explored. The research findings indicated a significant positive correlation between CPS awareness and certain learning motivation factors and learning behavior factors. Considering the students’ individual differences in learning abilities, we also compared the results of high and low performance groups. As a result, low performers’ learning motivation and learning behaviors were correlated with the social domain of CPS awareness, while those of high performers were correlated with their cognitive awareness.

DOI： 10.1007/s10758-020-09436-8

Language：English  

Language：English  

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

An Intelligent Platform for Offline Learners Based on Model-Driven Crowdsensing Over Intermittent Networks.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-49913-6_26

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

HCI International 2020 - Late Breaking Papers: Digital Human Modeling and Ergonomics, Mobility and Intelligent Environments - 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 19-24, 2020, Proceedings

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-59987-4

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions - 8th International Conference, DAPI 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 19-24, 2020, Proceedings

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-50344-4

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Despite the continuous growth of global Internet users, almost 4 billion people do not use the Internet. The offline population includes people who live in developing regions or rural aging communities. In this context, we propose a learning-support platform for learners without an easy, reliable, and affordable means to access digital learning environments on the Internet. Unlike existing systems that provide little support for efficient educational data collection from offline learners, our proposed platform combines delay-tolerant networking mechanisms and active learning-based model-driven crowdsensing techniques to deliver learning materials and collect educational data efficiently.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-49913-6_26

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2019, The Author(s). The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that might affect learning performance and collaborative problem solving (CPS) awareness in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. We collected and analyzed data on important factors in STEM education, including learning strategy and learning behaviors, and examined their interrelationships with learning performance and CPS awareness, respectively. Multiple data sources, including learning tests, questionnaire feedback, and learning logs, were collected and examined following a learning analytics approach. Significant positive correlations were found for the learning behavior of using markers with learning performance and CPS awareness in group discussion, while significant negative correlations were found for some factors of STEM learning strategy and learning behaviors in pre-learning with some factors of CPS awareness. The results imply the importance of an efficient approach to using learning strategies and functional tools in STEM education.

DOI： 10.1186/s41039-019-0119-y

Language：Japanese  

Automatically Generate Slide Images Using Generative Adversarial Nets

DOI： 10.11527/jceeek.2019.0_231

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Seven HCI Grand Challenges.

DOI： 10.1080/10447318.2019.1619259

Language：English  

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Using ambient WiFi signals to find occupied and vacant houses in local communities.

DOI： 10.1007/s12652-018-0899-8

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions - 7th International Conference, DAPI 2019, Held as Part of the 21st HCI International Conference, HCII 2019, Orlando, FL, USA, July 26-31, 2019, Proceedings

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-21935-2

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Crowd Replication: Sensing-Assisted Quantification of Human Behavior in Public Spaces.

DOI： 10.1145/3317666

Repository Public URL： http://hdl.handle.net/2324/4755239

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Proposal and Implementation of an Elderly-oriented User Interface for Learning Support Systems.

DOI： 10.1145/3330430.3333650

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Pilot Study to Estimate "Difficult" Area in e-Learning Material by Physiological Measurements.

DOI： 10.1145/3330430.3333648

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Optimizing Assignment of Students to Courses based on Learning Activity Analytics.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Investigating Error Resolution Processes in C Programming Exercise Courses.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Integrating Multimodal Learning Analytics and Inclusive Learning Support Systems for People of All Ages.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-22580-3_35

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This study was designed to identify correlations between students' awareness of Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) and learning performance and learning behavior in science education. The topic of the course was Genetic Diseases which was implemented in a twelfth-grade class. To assess the effectiveness of this instructional design, and to find out potential factors that affect the using of CPS skills, multiple data sources including learning test scores, questionnaire feedback, and learning logs were analyzed. First, results indicated significant improvements in students' knowledge acquisition and awareness of Participation and Learning and Knowledge Building in CPS during the course. Furthermore, when we investigated the correlations between CPS awareness and learning performance and learning behavior, the findings indicated significant positive correlations between students' learning motivation and their awareness of CPS processes. However, there were negative correlations found between certain learning behavior factors with CPS awareness and learning motivation factors respectively.

DOI： 10.1109/TALE.2018.8615254

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In this paper, we focus on optimizing the assignment of students to courses. The target courses are conducted by different teachers using the same syllabus, course design, and lecture materials. More than 1,300 students are mechanically assigned to one of ten courses taught by different teachers. Therefore, mismatches often occur between students' learning behavior patterns and teachers' approach to teaching. As a result, students may be less satisfied, have a lower level of understanding of the material, and achieve less. To solve these problems, we propose a strategy to optimize the assignment of students to courses based on learning activity analytics. The contributions of this study are 1) clarifying the relationship between learning behavior pattern and teaching based on learning activity analytics using large-scale educational data, 2) optimizing the assignment of students to courses based on learning behavior pattern analytics, and 3) demonstrating the effectiveness of assignment optimization via simulation experiments.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This study investigates how we can understand students' actual status in C programming exercises from their learning activity logs. In a face-to-face course of C programming exercise, it is hard for a teacher to see who are in trouble from their apperance. It is not always true that typing something means he or she is making some progress. Therefore it is important to identify, or possibly even predict, students having difficulty from their activity patterns. Most of the prior work paid attention to only trial-and-error activities, such as compile results and execution errors. However, it tends to be overlooked that knowledge acquisition process is also worthy of attention. When a student encounters a compile error, they usually read textbooks to seek a solution. It is considered to be useful for the task whether he or she has an ability to find appropriate pages for error resolution. In this paper, we propose a method to predict whether a student can resolve errors or not. Based on students' activity logs collected from our programming environment and e-book system, we conduct experiments to show and discuss the prediction performance.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Extended learning environments involving system to collect data for learning analytics and to support learners will be useful for all-age education. As the first steps towards to build new learning environments, we developed a system for multimodal learning analytics using eye-tracker and EEG measurement, and inclusive user interface design for elderly learners by dual-tablet system. Multimodal learning analytics system can be supportive to extract where and how learners with varied backgrounds feel difficulty in learning process. The eye-tracker can retrieve information where the learners paid attention. EEG signals will provide clues to estimate their mental states during gazes in learning. We developed simultaneous measurement system of these multimodal responses and are trying to integrate the information to explore learning problems. A dual-tablet user interface with simplified visual layers and more intuitive operations was designed aiming to reduce the physical and mental loads of elderly learners. A prototype was developed based on a cross-platform framework, which is being refined by iterative formative evaluations participated by elderlies, in order to improve the usability of the interface design. We propose a system architecture applying the multimodal learning analytics and the user-friendly design for elderly learners, which couples learning analytics “in the wild” environment and learning analytics in controlled lab environments.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-22580-3_35

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The aim of this research is to measure self-regulated behavior and identify significant behavioral indicators in computer-assisted language learning courses. The behavioral measures were based on log data from 2454 freshman university students from Art and Science departments for 1 year. These measures reflected the degree of self-regulation, including anti-procrastination, irregularity of study interval, and pacing. Clustering analysis was conducted to identify typical patterns of learning pace, and hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine significant behavioral indicators in the online course. The results of learning pace clustering analysis revealed that the final course point average in different clusters increased with the number of completed quizzes, and students who had procrastination behavior were more likely to achieve lower final course points. Furthermore, the number of completed quizzes and study interval irregularity were strong predictors of course performance in the regression model. It clearly indicated the importance of self-regulation skill, in particular completion of assigned tasks and regular learning.

DOI： 10.1186/s41039-018-0087-7

Language：English  

Measuring Behaviors and Identifying Indicators of Self-Regulation in Computer-Assisted Language Learning Courses
The aim of this research is to measure self-regulated behavior and identify significant behavioral indicators in computer-assisted language learning courses. The behavioral measures were based on log data from 2454 freshman university students from Art and Science departments for 1 year. These measures reflected the degree of self-regulation, including anti-procrastination, irregularity of study interval, and pacing. Clustering analysis was conducted to identify typical patterns of learning pace, and hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine significant behavioral indicators in the online course. The results of learning pace clustering analysis revealed that the final course point average in different clusters increased with the number of completed quizzes, and students who had procrastination behavior were more likely to achieve lower final course points. Furthermore, the number of completed quizzes and study interval irregularity were strong predictors of course performance in the regression model. It clearly indicated the importance of self-regulation skill, in particular completion of assigned tasks and regular learning.

DOI： 10.1080/10447318.2018.1543077, 10.1186/s40561-021-00183-6_references_DOI_Q2pecfQ76hz5PzQDI32AFr3l6G5, 10.1007/s11423-021-10021-8_references_DOI_Q2pecfQ76hz5PzQDI32AFr3l6G5, 10.1145/3506860.3506889_references_DOI_Q2pecfQ76hz5PzQDI32AFr3l6G5

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Measuring Behaviors and Identifying Indicators of Self-Regulation in Computer-Assisted Language Learning Courses
The aim of this research is to measure self-regulated behavior and identify significant behavioral indicators in computer-assisted language learning courses. The behavioral measures were based on log data from 2454 freshman university students from Art and Science departments for 1 year. These measures reflected the degree of self-regulation, including anti-procrastination, irregularity of study interval, and pacing. Clustering analysis was conducted to identify typical patterns of learning pace, and hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine significant behavioral indicators in the online course. The results of learning pace clustering analysis revealed that the final course point average in different clusters increased with the number of completed quizzes, and students who had procrastination behavior were more likely to achieve lower final course points. Furthermore, the number of completed quizzes and study interval irregularity were strong predictors of course performance in the regression model. It clearly indicated the importance of self-regulation skill, in particular completion of assigned tasks and regular learning.

DOI： 10.1186/s41039-018-0087-7

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Extending Learning Analytics Platforms to Support Elderly People

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Low back pain (LBP) is a globally common condition with no silver bullet solutions. Further, the lack of therapeutic consensus causes challenges in choosing suitable solutions to try. In this work, we crowdsourced knowledge bases on LBP treatments. The knowledge bases were used to rank and offer best-matching LBP treatments to end users. We collected two knowledge bases: one from clinical professionals and one from non-professionals. Our quantitative analysis revealed that non-professional end users perceived the best treatments by both groups as equally good. However, the worst treatments by nonprofessionals were clearly seen as inferior to the lowest ranking treatments by professionals. Certain treatments by professionals were also perceived significantly differently by non-professionals and professionals themselves. Professionals found our system handy for self-reflection and for educating new patients, while non-professionals appreciated the reliable decision support that also respected the non-professional opinion.

DOI： 10.1145/3173574.3173850

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Low back pain (LBP) is a globally common condition with no silver bullet solutions. Further, the lack of therapeutic consensus causes challenges in choosing suitable solutions to try. In this work, we crowdsourced knowledge bases on LBP treatments. The knowledge bases were used to rank and offer best-matching LBP treatments to end users. We collected two knowledge bases: one from clinical professionals and one from non-professionals. Our quantitative analysis revealed that non-professional end users perceived the best treatments by both groups as equally good. However, the worst treatments by nonprofessionals were clearly seen as inferior to the lowest ranking treatments by professionals. Certain treatments by professionals were also perceived significantly differently by non-professionals and professionals themselves. Professionals found our system handy for self-reflection and for educating new patients, while non-professionals appreciated the reliable decision support that also respected the non-professional opinion.

DOI： 10.1145/3173574.3173850

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

We propose a new change detection method using clickstream data collected through an e-Book system. Most of the prior work has focused on the batch processing of clickstream data. In contrast, the proposed method is designed for online processing, with the model parameters for change detection updated sequentially based on observations of new click events. More specifically, our method generates a model for an individual student and performs minute-by-minute change detection based on click events during a classroom lecture. We collected clickstream data from four face-to-face lectures, and conducted experiments to demonstrate how the proposed method discovered change points and how such change points correlated with the students’ performances.

DOI： 10.1145/3170358.3170412

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Online change detection for monitoring individual student behavior via clickstream data on E-book system
We propose a new change detection method using clickstream data collected through an e-Book system. Most of the prior work has focused on the batch processing of clickstream data. In contrast, the proposed method is designed for online processing, with the model parameters for change detection updated sequentially based on observations of new click events. More specifically, our method generates a model for an individual student and performs minute-by-minute change detection based on click events during a classroom lecture. We collected clickstream data from four face-to-face lectures, and conducted experiments to demonstrate how the proposed method discovered change points and how such change points correlated with the students’ performances.

DOI： 10.1145/3170358.3170412

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Instructional Design and Evaluation of Science Education to Improve Collaborative Problem Solving Skills

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Towards pervasive geospatial affect perception
Due to the enormous penetration of connected computing devices with diverse sensing and localization capabilities, a good fraction of an individual’s activities, locations, and social connections can be sensed and spatially pinpointed. We see significant potential to advance the field of personal activity sensing and tracking beyond its current state of simple activities, at the same time linking activities geospatially. We investigate the detection of sentiment from environmental, on-body and smartphone sensors and propose an affect map as an interface to accumulate and interpret data about emotion and mood from diverse set of sensing sources. In this paper, we first survey existing work on affect sensing and geospatial systems, before presenting a taxonomy of large-scale affect sensing. We discuss model relationships among human emotions and geo-spaces using networks, apply clustering algorithms to the networks and visualize clusters on a map considering space, time and mobility. For the recognition of emotion and mood, we report from two studies exploiting environmental and on-body sensors. Thereafter, we propose a framework for large-scale affect sensing and discuss challenges and open issues for future work.

DOI： 10.1007/s10707-017-0294-1

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions: Understanding Humans - 6th International Conference, DAPI 2018, Held as Part of HCI International 2018, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 15-20, 2018, Proceedings, Part I

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91125-0

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions: Technologies and Contexts - 6th International Conference, DAPI 2018, Held as Part of HCI International 2018, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 15-20, 2018, Proceedings, Part II

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Towards Supporting Multigenerational Co-creation and Social Activities: Extending Learning Analytics Platforms and Beyond.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1_6

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Evaluating Learning Style-Based Grouping Strategies in Real-World Collaborative Learning Environment.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1_18

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Effective Learning Environment Design for Aging Well: A Review.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1_20

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Designing a Mobile Behavior Sampling Tool for Spatial Analytics.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1_7

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Towards a Learner-Centric Notification Environment for Multimodal Learning Platforms

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Relation Analysis between Learning Activities on Digital Learning System and Seating Area in Classrooms
This paper discusses a relation analytics between learning activities and seating area in classrooms. Learning activities are collected via digital learning systems; including a learning management system, an e-portfolio system and an e-Book system. The activities are converted into barometers which indicate the amount of activities such as quiz scores, report scores, action frequencies on e-Books, length of journals, etc. The classroom is divided into 12 subareas, and the correspondence between students and the areas are also collected via the learning management system. We applied classical statistical analyses to the collected data. Through the experiments with about 200 students over 14 weeks, we found out that the seating area has strong relationship to learning activities.
Eleventh International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2018) : July 15-18, 2018, Buffalo, NY USA

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

As smart technologies pervade our everyday environments, they change what people should learn to live meaningfully as valuable participants of our society. For instance, ubiquitous availability of smart devices and communication networks may have reduced the burden for people to remember factual information. At the same time, they may have increased the benefits to master the uses of new digital technologies. In the midst of such a social and technological shift, we could design novel integrated platforms that support people at all ages to learn, work, collaborate, and co-create easily. In this paper, we discuss our ideas and first steps towards building an extended learning analytics platform that elderly people and unskilled adults can use. By understanding the characteristics and needs of elderly learners and addressing critical user interface issues, we can build pervasive and inclusive learning analytics platforms that trigger contextual reminders to support people at all ages to live and learn actively regardless of age-related differences of cognitive capabilities. We discuss that resolving critical usability problems for elderly people could open up a plethora of opportunities for them to search and exploit vast amount of information to achieve various goals.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1_6

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

On the Prediction of Students' Quiz Score by Recurrent Neural Network.
© 2018 CEUR-WS. All Rights Reserved. In this paper, we explore the factor for improving the performance of prediction of students’ quiz scores by using a Recurrent Neural Network. The proposed method is applied to the log data of 2693 students in 15 courses that were conducted with following the common syllabus by 10 teachers. The experimental results show that in the case where the same teacher is not included in both training and test data, the accuracy of prediction slightly lower. We also show that at the beginning of a course, it is better to construct a prediction model including various items of learning logs, however, in the latter half, it is better to update the model by using selected information only.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Collaborative learning is defined as situations where multiple learners participate in solving common problems. Collaborative learning provides a way of building knowledge through activities of collaboration with others. Group work is a representative form of collaborative learning and has been used in higher education. In group work, however, one of the widely discussed issues is group composition. Students have different attributes including learning styles, background knowledges, gender, and so on. Typical group formations are homogeneous and heterogeneous compositions. Numerous work addressed the problem and evaluated how learning outcome varies between different group formations both in online and physical environments. In this study, we focus on the group formation for real-world collaboration. We introduce different types of grouping into a class of a theme-based course and discuss the effects of different learning styles in collaborative learning environment. Students are characterized according to Kolb’s learning style inventory and then grouped by homogeneous, heterogeneous, and random strategies. We investigate how intra-group interactions varies with different types of composition; we monitor the activity levels of every group and have students peer-review each other for quantitative evaluation of contributions. We find typical patterns of activities and contributions, and discuss their association to grouping strategies.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1_18

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This paper reviewed the previous studies with respect to education neuro and cognitive psychology research in elderly and suggested learning environments design with information and communication technologies for the elderly. In the relationship with education, elderly has less memorization, much time to be used to new environments, but aware of building new social relationships, tends to play important roles in learning community, according to the previous research review about learning behaviors using ICT and so on. Therefore, we extracted two perspectives for effective learning environments for the elderly: perception of the self that recognizes learning as a self-behavior and building social relationships. In the relationship with cognitive strategies, the importance of strategic support for cognitive function was extracted. Considering the above, collaborative learning environments that facilitate self-perception and cognitive strategies such as visualization of the relationships between self-learning and collaborative learning with the enhancement of reflection awareness should be one of the effective learning environments for the elderly.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1_20

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In this paper, we build on our previous research [1, 4] to explore techniques and tools for collecting detailed behavioral data in large public spaces by deploying a small number of technology-armed researchers who act according to mobile notifications. To go beyond the limitations to conventional urban sensing, we first examine the challenges of human-in-the-loop sensing. We then propose a mobile behavior sampling tool based on smart notifications so as to address the challenge of in-situ sampling.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1_7

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This preliminary study developed the concept map tool “BR-Map” using learning logs on eBook viewer, and investigated the relationships between self-regulated learning (SRL) awareness, learning behaviors (usage of BR-Map, and one-minute paper and report submission), and learning performance. Psychometric data and learning logs were collected in the lecture course, and their relationships were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis. The results indicated that awareness of intrinsic value, use of cognitive learning strategies, and self-regulation had significant correlations with the usage of BR-Map. The awareness of cognitive learning strategies had significant correlation with standard deviation of one-minute paper submission hours. With regard to relationships between the BR-Map usage and learning behaviors, the relationships between the usage of BR-Map and one-minute paper submissions, which was a regularly weekly assigned task, were found.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Lecture Support based on Real-time Learning Analytics

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Real-time learning analytics system for improvement of on-site lectures.
[Purpose]The purpose of this study is to propose a real-time lecture supporting system. The target of this study is on-site classrooms where teachers give lectures and a lot of students listen to teachers’ explanations, conduct exercises, etc. [Design/methodology/approach]The proposed system uses an e-learning system and an e-book system to collect teaching and learning activities from a teacher and students in real time. The collected data are immediately analyzed to provide feedback to the teacher just before the lecture starts and during the lecture. For example, the teacher can check which pages were well previewed and which pages were not previewed by students using the preview achievement graph. During the lecture, real-time analytics graphs are shown on the teacher’s PC. The teacher can easily grasp students’ status and whether or not students are following the teacher’s explanation. [Findings]Through the case study, the authors first confirmed the effectiveness of each tool developed in this study. Then, the authors conducted a large-scale experiment using a real-time analytics graph and investigated whether the proposed system could improve the teaching and learning in on-site classrooms. The results indicated that teachers could adjust the speed of their lecture based on the real-time feedback system, which also resulted in encouraging students to put bookmarks and highlights on keywords and sentences. [Originality/value]Real-time learning analytics enables teachers and students to enhance their teaching and learning during lectures. Teachers should start considering this new strategy to improve their lectures immediately.

DOI： 10.1108/ITSE-05-2018-0026

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Facilitating Collocated Crowdsourcing on Situated Displays.

DOI： 10.1080/07370024.2017.1344126

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This paper investigates the precision of rapid clock synchronisation for ubiquitous sensing services which consist of multiple smartphones. Specifically, we consider scenarios where multiple smartphones are used to sense physical phenomena, and subsequently the sensor data from multiple distributed devices is aggregated. We observe that the accumulated clock drift for smartphones can be more than 150ms per day in the worst case. We show that solutions using the public Network Time Protocol (NTP) can be noisy with errors up to 1800ms in one request. We describe a rapid clock synchronisation technique that reduces drift to 10ms on average (measured by linear regression) and achieves pair-wise synchronisation between smartphones with an average of 27ms (measured by accelerometer), following a Gaussian-like distribution. Our results provide a lower bound for rapid clock synchronisation as a guide when developing ubiquitous sensing services using multiple smartphones.

DOI： 10.1145/3123024.3124432

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

The leading cause of death during earthquakes is the collapse of urban infrastructures and the subsequent delay of emergency responders in identifying and reaching the affected sites. To overcome this challenge, we designed and evaluated a crowdsensing system that detects collapsed buildings using end-user smartphones as distributed sensors. We present our evaluation of smartphones' accuracy in inferring a building collapse by detecting falls onto solid surfaces, and estimating the false positive rate. Further sensors can present more detailed information about each potential collapse event. We conduct simulations to identify strategies for dealing with false-positive data under scenarios of varying population density. Potential building collapses can be determined with 95&#37; accuracy given 10 connected devices within a 125m radius, increasing to 99.99&#37; for 50 devices. End-user devices can proactively offer valuable help to emergency responders during earthquakes, potentially saving lives.

DOI： 10.1145/3123024.3124402

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This paper investigates the precision of rapid clock synchronisation for ubiquitous sensing services which consist of multiple smartphones. Specifically, we consider scenarios where multiple smartphones are used to sense physical phenomena, and subsequently the sensor data from multiple distributed devices is aggregated. We observe that the accumulated clock drift for smartphones can be more than 150ms per day in the worst case. We show that solutions using the public Network Time Protocol (NTP) can be noisy with errors up to 1800ms in one request. We describe a rapid clock synchronisation technique that reduces drift to 10ms on average (measured by linear regression) and achieves pair-wise synchronisation between smartphones with an average of 27ms (measured by accelerometer), following a Gaussian-like distribution. Our results provide a lower bound for rapid clock synchronisation as a guide when developing ubiquitous sensing services using multiple smartphones.

DOI： 10.1145/3123024.3124432

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

The leading cause of death during earthquakes is the collapse of urban infrastructures and the subsequent delay of emergency responders in identifying and reaching the affected sites. To overcome this challenge, we designed and evaluated a crowdsensing system that detects collapsed buildings using end-user smartphones as distributed sensors. We present our evaluation of smartphones' accuracy in inferring a building collapse by detecting falls onto solid surfaces, and estimating the false positive rate. Further sensors can present more detailed information about each potential collapse event. We conduct simulations to identify strategies for dealing with false-positive data under scenarios of varying population density. Potential building collapses can be determined with 95% accuracy given 10 connected devices within a 125m radius, increasing to 99.99% for 50 devices. End-user devices can proactively offer valuable help to emergency responders during earthquakes, potentially saving lives.

DOI： 10.1145/3123024.3124402

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Community Reminder: Participatory contextual reminder environments for local communities
Many projects have looked at how communities can co-design shared online repositories, such as Wikimapia and Wikipedia. However, little work has examined how local communities can give advice and support to their members by creating context-aware reminders that may include advice, tips and small requests. We developed the Community Reminder environment, a smartphone-based platform that supports community members to design and use context-aware reminders. We have conducted a one month field study of Community Reminder to crowdsource and deliver safety-relevant information in a local community. The results show the benefits of involving community members in reminder design and connecting different perspectives. We also show that the proposed approach can broaden participation in local communities. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.09.001

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.12.001

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

A new lecture supporting system based on real-time learning analytics is proposed. Our target is on-site classrooms where teachers give their lectures, and a lot of students listen to teachers' explanation, conduct exercises etc. We utilize not only an e-Learning system, but also an e-Book system to collect real-time learning activities during the lectures. The proposed system is useful for a teacher just before lecture starts and during the lecture. The system provides summary reports of the previews of given materials and quiz results. The teacher can check which pages were well previewed and which pages were not previewed by students using the preview achievement graph. Additionally, the teacher can check which quizzes were difficult for students, and the suggested pages that should be explained in the lecture to aid students. During the lecture, real-time analytics graphs are shown on the teacher's PC. The teacher can easily grasp students status whether or not students are following the teacher's explanation. Through a case study, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system, in terms of high synchronization between a teacher and students, i.e., the teacher adjusted the speed of his lecture based on the real-time feedback, and many students followed the teacher's explanation.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Using Learning Analytics to Support Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is often used as an approach to foreign language teaching and learning in higher education. The CALL course is offered at a national university in Japan to allow freshman students to perform self-regulated learning with e-learning materials for the purpose of developing language skills. However, as novice self-regulated learners, freshman students have low self-regulation skills and they are more likely to obtain lower achievement. In addition, it is difficult for instructors to grasp students' learning situation due to the large amount of evaluation work. Therefore, in this research, a total of 7,413,397 learning logs were analyzed, which were collected from 2,499 students' learning interactions in the CALL course. After that, a learning support system for freshman students is proposed. The system is provided for students and instructors through the learning dashboard. On the one hand, students can conduct self-monitoring and reflect their behaviors in a visual way. On the other hand, instructors can identify learning behavioral patterns and grasp individual learning situation to provide one-on-one instructions.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Students' Performance Prediction Using Data of Multiple Courses by Recurrent Neural Network
© 2017 Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education. All rights reserved. In this paper, we show a method to predict students' final grades using a recurrent neural network (RNN). An RNN is a variant of a neural network that handles time series data. For this purpose, the learning logs from 937 students who attended one of six courses by two teachers were collected. Nine kinds of learning logs are selected as the input of the RNN. We examine the prediction of final grades, where the training data and test data are the logs of courses conducted in 2015 and in 2016, respectively. We also show a way to identify the important learning activities for obtaining a specific final grade by observing the values of weight of the trained RNN.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In this paper, we present our study that analyzes collections of flyers in different museums using statistical modeling techniques and show that sensing and analyzing interactions with physical flyers can uncover invisible differences among museums, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of our approach that focuses on visitors’ interactions with physical objects to characterize physical spaces. Moreover, our study suggests the potential of multi-tiered analyses according to the structures of social practices around physical objects.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-58697-7_27

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In many countries, the population is either declining or rapidly concentrating in big cities, which causes problems in the form of vacant houses in many local communities. It is often challenging to keep track of the locations and the conditions of vacant houses, and for example in Japan, costly manual field studies are employed to map the occupancy situation. In this paper, we propose a technique to infer the locations of occupied houses based on ambient WiFi signals. Our technique collects RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) data based on opportunistic smartphone sensing, constructs hybrid networks of WiFi access points, and analyzes their geospatial patterns based on statistical shape modeling. We show that the technique can successfully infer occupied houses in a suburban residential community, and argue that it can substantially reduce the cost of field surveys to find vacant houses as the number of potential houses to be inspected decreases.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-56997-0_10

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

© 2017. Students' journal writings could be useful resources for teachers to grasp their understandings and to see their own teaching objectively. However, reading a large number of journals thoroughly is not always realistic for teachers. Although various automatic analysis methods have been proposed to understand learning journals, they does not necessarily fit needs of teachers and tend to overlook minor opinions. In this paper, we propose an interactive report tool for exploring journal writings. Focusing on the efficiency of reading learning journals, it employs weekly keywords extracted from journals as entry points for journal sentences. It enables us to read journal sentences selectively. The tool also provides lists of most used adjectives from week to week, which is helpful for teachers to grasp the temporal variation of opinions through a semester. We conducted a preliminary questionnaire about the usefulness of the report tool targeting teachers of the course "Information Science" in our university. Most of them evaluated our tool positively although the number of answers were small.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Effects of Prior Knowledge of High Achievers on Use of e-Book Highlights and Annotations
© 2017 Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education. All rights reserved. To identify “good performance,” this study analyzed the highlighting and annotating action logs of undergraduates during their e-book usage. To reveal “good performance,” the study focused on the learning behavior of high achieving students. Few highlights and annotations were observed for both rich knowledge and poor knowledge high achievers. Moreover, in the spontaneous usage of e-books outside the classroom, high and poor knowledge students did not display differences in highlights and annotations.

Language：Others  

Cross Analytics of Student and Course Activities from e-Book Operation Logs

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Analysis on Students' Usage of Highlighters on E-textbooks in Classroom
© 2017 Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education. All rights reserved. E-book has been gradually getting popularity in educational contexts. Reading textbooks on computers or hand-held devices enables us to track the learning activities of students regardless of situations. In our university, several courses for first year students employs our e-book system, and we have been collecting its usage logs. From the logs, it seems that the highlighter function of the e-book reader plays an important role in learning because it is used most by the students. Though many researches studied the effectiveness of e-textbooks, only limited studies addressed how students utilize highlighters and how marking activity affects their learning. In this paper, we focus on highlighted portions of e-textbooks, and analyze how students use highlighters in their learning. We also attempt to provide recommendations to students for highlighting based on the highlighter usage in other classes.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

© 2017. In this paper, we present a system for visualizing learning logs of a course in progress together with predictions of learning activities of the following week and the final grades of students by state transition graphs. Data are collected from 236 students attending the course in progress and from 209 students attending the past course for prediction. From these data, the system constructs a state transition graph, where the prediction is based on the Markov property. We verify the performance of predictions by experiments in which the accuracy of prediction using the data of the course in progress and the one by 5-fold cross validation.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is often used as an approach to foreign language teaching and learning in higher education. The CALL course is offered at a national university in Japan to allow freshman students to perform self-regulated learning with e-learning materials for the purpose of developing language skills. However, as novice self-regulated learners, freshman students have low self-regulation skills and they are more likely to obtain lower achievement. In addition, it is difficult for instructors to grasp students' learning situation due to the large amount of evaluation work. Therefore, in this research, a total of 7,413,397 learning logs were analyzed, which were collected from 2,499 students' learning interactions in the CALL course. After that, a learning support system for freshman students is proposed. The system is provided for students and instructors through the learning dashboard. On the one hand, students can conduct self-monitoring and reflect their behaviors in a visual way. On the other hand, instructors can identify learning behavioral patterns and grasp individual learning situation to provide one-on-one instructions.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In this paper, we show a method to predict students' final grades using a recurrent neural network (RNN). An RNN is a variant of a neural network that handles time series data. For this purpose, the learning logs from 937 students who attended one of six courses by two teachers were collected. Nine kinds of learning logs are selected as the input of the RNN. We examine the prediction of final grades, where the training data and test data are the logs of courses conducted in 2015 and in 2016, respectively. We also show a way to identify the important learning activities for obtaining a specific final grade by observing the values of weight of the trained RNN.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In this paper, we present our study that analyzes collections of flyers in different museums using statistical modeling techniques and show that sensing and analyzing interactions with physical flyers can uncover invisible differences among museums, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of our approach that focuses on visitors’ interactions with physical objects to characterize physical spaces. Moreover, our study suggests the potential of multi-tiered analyses according to the structures of social practices around physical objects.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-58697-7_27

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In many countries, the population is either declining or rapidly concentrating in big cities, which causes problems in the form of vacant houses in many local communities. It is often challenging to keep track of the locations and the conditions of vacant houses, and for example in Japan, costly manual field studies are employed to map the occupancy situation. In this paper, we propose a technique to infer the locations of occupied houses based on ambient WiFi signals. Our technique collects RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) data based on opportunistic smartphone sensing, constructs hybrid networks of WiFi access points, and analyzes their geospatial patterns based on statistical shape modeling. We show that the technique can successfully infer occupied houses in a suburban residential community, and argue that it can substantially reduce the cost of field surveys to find vacant houses as the number of potential houses to be inspected decreases.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-56997-0_10

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Students' journal writings could be useful resources for teachers to grasp their understandings and to see their own teaching objectively. However, reading a large number of journals thoroughly is not always realistic for teachers. Although various automatic analysis methods have been proposed to understand learning journals, they does not necessarily fit needs of teachers and tend to overlook minor opinions. In this paper, we propose an interactive report tool for exploring journal writings. Focusing on the efficiency of reading learning journals, it employs weekly keywords extracted from journals as entry points for journal sentences. It enables us to read journal sentences selectively. The tool also provides lists of most used adjectives from week to week, which is helpful for teachers to grasp the temporal variation of opinions through a semester. We conducted a preliminary questionnaire about the usefulness of the report tool targeting teachers of the course "Information Science" in our university. Most of them evaluated our tool positively although the number of answers were small.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

To identify “good performance,” this study analyzed the highlighting and annotating action logs of undergraduates during their e-book usage. To reveal “good performance,” the study focused on the learning behavior of high achieving students. Few highlights and annotations were observed for both rich knowledge and poor knowledge high achievers. Moreover, in the spontaneous usage of e-books outside the classroom, high and poor knowledge students did not display differences in highlights and annotations.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In this paper, we propose a cross analytics methodology of student activities and course activities using e-Book operation logs collected in 15 courses with face-to-face lecture style over 4 weeks. These courses commonly use the same lecture materials, but are conducted by different teachers. The new aspect of our research is that we perform cross analysis over courses. Most past researches focus on students' activities in a specific course, and give discussions about how the students behaved, how the behaviors differ from each other. In contrast, our research focuses on the course activities and conducts a comparison among courses. First, we begin with data alignment for row data to rectify a student activity every 10 seconds. Through our analytics, it becomes clear that whether students' activities varies with teachers or their teaching styles. In the experiments, we applied the proposed analytics to 1.1-million operation logs, and found out interesting characteristics through the comparison across courses.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This study investigated the relationships between self-regulated learning (SRL) awareness, time-management awareness, learning behaviors (report submission), and learning performance. Psychometric data and learning logs for both in-class and out-of-class activities were collected in the lecture course, and their relationships were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. The results indicated that awareness of self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and cognitive learning strategies use had significant correlations with the frequency of out-of-class activities, submission time of report, and learning performance. Regarding the relationships between SRL awareness and out-of-class activities, usual reading activities as well as additional actions, such as bookmarking, had significant correlations with SRL awareness.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

E-book has been gradually getting popularity in educational contexts. Reading textbooks on computers or hand-held devices enables us to track the learning activities of students regardless of situations. In our university, several courses for first year students employs our e-book system, and we have been collecting its usage logs. From the logs, it seems that the highlighter function of the e-book reader plays an important role in learning because it is used most by the students. Though many researches studied the effectiveness of e-textbooks, only limited studies addressed how students utilize highlighters and how marking activity affects their learning. In this paper, we focus on highlighted portions of e-textbooks, and analyze how students use highlighters in their learning. We also attempt to provide recommendations to students for highlighting based on the highlighter usage in other classes.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In this paper, we present a system for visualizing learning logs of a course in progress together with predictions of learning activities of the following week and the final grades of students by state transition graphs. Data are collected from 236 students attending the course in progress and from 209 students attending the past course for prediction. From these data, the system constructs a state transition graph, where the prediction is based on the Markov property. We verify the performance of predictions by experiments in which the accuracy of prediction using the data of the course in progress and the one by 5-fold cross validation.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In recent years, the number of vacant houses is increasing in Japan, as the population decline in local communities. In this context, there is an urgent need to develop smart socio-Technical systems that enable effective use and management of vacant houses, thereby preventing them from having negative impacts on local communities. In this paper, we propose an approach to support community-centric use and management of vacant houses based on an integrated crowdsourcing platform. We describe our ongoing project in Kashiwa City, and argue for an open, inclusive, and community-centric distributed platform to cater for some of the important needs in the community.

DOI： 10.1145/2968219.2968587

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

The proposed workshop seeks to build upon the success of previous workshops at UbiComp 2010 and 2011 on Ubiquitous Crowdsourcing, and UbiComp 2015 on Mobile and Situated Crowdsourcing. Increasingly, researchers and practitioners alike are turning towards crowdsourcing with ubiquitous technologies due to their affordances and potential to circumvent limitations with online crowdsourcing platforms. Hence, this workshop's main objectives are to investigate the current state of the art of mobile and situated crowdsourcing, and foster collaborations by bringing together researchers of this thriving research agenda.

DOI： 10.1145/2968219.2968584

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Rapid growth in communication bandwidth has enabled novel uses of mobile wireless technologies in areas such as smartphone-based user participatory sensing for disaster detection and mitigation. In this manuscript, we discuss novel approaches to resolve fundamental problems that currently hamper the effective utilization of user participatory sensing in this critical application domain. Our approaches to address major challenges related to energy efficiency, collaboration, privacy, ease of deployment, and robustness of communication can be integrated with external systems in a complementary manner to overcome the limitations of current disaster detection and mitigation systems that rely on expensive stationary devices.

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0207

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Intelligent Environments 2016 - Workshop Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Environments, IE 2016, London, United Kingdom, September 14-16, 2016.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

A number of local governments, businesses, and research institutions have discussed the usefulness and importance of "green networks" in recent years. However, most green sites are still perceived as isolated distributed patches, thereby potentially leading to their underuse and little awareness of their importance. We propose a participatory environment that can visualize connections of green sites based on the levels of visible green using celestial sphere images contributed by citizens. The system combines existing green coverage maps and smartphone-based image capture tools to show "green routes" in a city. We expect that the proposed approach can increase the networked uses of green resources, thereby increasing the awareness of green networks and potentially leading to collective efforts towards the development of richer connected green in cities.

DOI： 10.1145/2962735.2962758

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Pervasive communication technologies have opened up the opportunities for citizens to cope with disasters by exploiting networked mobile devices. However, existing approaches often overlook the brittleness of the technological infrastructures and rely heavily on users' manual inputs. In this paper, we propose a robust and resilient sensing environment by extending and integrating cooperative location inference and participatory sensing using smartphones and IoTs. The proposed approach encourages proactive engagement in disaster mitigation by means of everyday data collection and end-user deployment of IoT sensors.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-39862-4_42

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

The Use of Historical Information to Support Civic Crowdsourcing
Context-aware notifications cannot be designed easily without knowing which context-aware notifications will be triggered and responded in time. In this paper, we discuss methods to improve the design of context-aware notifications. Using the data from our prior experiment, we identify main factors that influence citizens' responses to notifications and evaluate the predictability of quick responses using a simplified method. We then propose a model for designing civic crowdsourcing tasks based on historical information. We believe that creating well-designed notifications can decrease receivers' workloads and simultaneously expands the positive impacts of civic crowdsourcing on the quality of life in the city.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-39862-4_43

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Quantitative Evaluation of Public Spaces using Crowd Replication
We propose crowd replication as a low-effort, easy to implement and cost-effective mechanism for quantifying the uses, activities, and sociability of public spaces. Crowd replication combines mobile sensing, direct observation, and mathematical modeling to enable resource efficient and accurate quantification of public spaces. The core idea behind crowd replication is to instrument the researcher investigating a public space with sensors embedded on commodity devices and to engage him/her into imitation of people using the space. By combining the collected sensor data with a direct observations and population model, individual sensor traces can be generalized to capture the behavior of a larger population. We validate the use of crowd replication as a data collection mechanism through a field study conducted within an exemplary metropolitan urban space. Results of our evaluation show that crowd replication accurately captures real human dynamics (0.914 correlation between indicators estimated from crowd replication and visual surveillance) and captures data that is representative of the behavior of people within the public space.

DOI： 10.1145/2996913.2996946

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.3233/978-1-61499-690-3-415

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Crowd Geofencing
Geofencing mechanisms allow for timely message delivery to the visitors of predefined target areas. However, conventional geofencing approaches poorly support mobile data collection scenarios in which experts need in situ assistance. In this paper, we propose crowd geofencing environments, in which a large number of crowdworkers generate geofences to support mobile experts. As a first step to open up the possibilities of crowd geofencing, we have tested its feasibility by collecting more than one thousand geofences in an unfamiliar city prior to the visit to look into urban water and air quality issues. Our experience has revealed the strengths and weaknesses of crowd geofencing in terms of geofence quality and crowd-powered situated actions.

DOI： 10.1145/2962735.2962744

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Context Weaver: Awareness and feedback in networked mobile crowdsourcing tools
Mobile crowdsourcing allows people to collect data using a large pool of participants. In this paper, we focus on mobile crowdsourcing for citizens to solve local issues in context. We argue that such crowdsourcing environments need to support exploration, a continuous, opportunistic, and multi-perspective process that existing crowd sensing systems cannot easily support. We have developed a system called Context Weaver, which connects participants using networked mobile devices in order to support collaborative exploration, and conducted field trials to understand the effect of networking participants in the crowdsourced data-collection activities that encompass planning, execution, and analysis phases. We discuss a methodology for exploratory mobile crowdsourcing by citizens based on the provision of mutual awareness and rapid feedback in context. The proposed methodology can provide a basis for a model of networked mobile crowdsourcing which can exploit not only the man-power but also the creativity of citizens to gather relevant data. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.comnet.2015.05.022

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

A number of local governments, businesses, and research institutions have discussed the usefulness and importance of "green networks" in recent years. However, most green sites are still perceived as isolated distributed patches, thereby potentially leading to their underuse and little awareness of their importance. We propose Green Weaver, a participatory system that can visualize connections of green sites based on crowdsourcing. The system combines existing green maps, participatory apps, and smartphone-based image capture tools to visualize "green networks" and support the awareness of connected green sites in the neighborhood, thereby potentially accelerating citizencentered "green networking" in the neighborhood.

DOI： 10.1145/2800835.2800902

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Crowdsourcing beyond the desktop is increasingly attracting interest due to the rapid proliferation of smart phones and other ubiquitous technologies, such as public displays. This workshop seeks to investigate the current state of the art of mobile and situated crowdsourcing by bringing together researchers of this thriving research agenda.

DOI： 10.1145/2800835.2800966

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Requesting relevant tasks to mobile crowds is extremely difficult without considering their movements. We propose an approach to geo-cast crowdsourcing tasks based on networks of human flows, and show that our approach can achieve higher geographical relevance than simple proximity-based approaches.

DOI： 10.1145/2800835.2800967

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Activity Recipe: Spreading Cooperative Outdoor Activities for Local Communities Using Contexual Reminders
Recently, many civic engagement platforms have appeared on the web and for mobile devices to collect public comments and local information. However, it is difficult to cope with diminishing civic engagement due to the loss of diverse outdoor activities in towns using existing civic engagement platforms. In this paper we present Activity Recipe, a framework for supporting citizens to create and share activities in public spaces and thereby promoting their cooperative outdoor activities. We discuss the methods to 'spread' effective activities for local communities and cultivate citizens' awareness for these activities based on Activity Recipe.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-20804-6_54

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

The increasing amount of mobility data introduces an opportunity to develop novel urban applications that are integrated with everyday practices. Although simple events (e.g., visits to places) can be inferred from mobility traces, events have very different meanings in different contexts. To contribute to the body of work that aims to uncover effective methods to integrate ubiquitous computing technologies in urban spaces and context, we discuss interpretation of ubiquitous events in urban computing: food-venue visits. Based on a survey and a small supplemental study, we identify the spatial and social contexts that influence the meanings of food-venue visits. We also suggest a possibility of novel technological support for eating out.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-20804-6_52

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Proposal of Place-based Activity Recipes to Encourage Participation in Community Activities

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In this paper, we discuss a mobile, context-aware platform for people to request and/or carry out microtasks in urban spaces. The proposed platform is based on our analysis of the activities of people in urban spaces including public transport environments, and considers various contextual factors to recommend relevant microtasks to citizens. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-07854-0_8

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

U.App: An urban application design environment based on citizen workshops
Designing usable applications for coping with civic challenges can be extremely difficult without an appropriate design environment. We explore a novel application design process based on the analysis of real citizen workshops, and propose U.App, a design environment that allows citizens to create urban applications based on the process. We expect that the proposed environment will facilitate citizens' daily activities for addressing urban issues and extend the possibility of citizen-centered mobile applications. © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-07788-8_56

Language：Others  

Touch Survey: Comparison with Paper and Web Questionnaires.
We developed a prototype of touch-based survey tool for tablets and conducted
an experiment to compare interaction patterns of touch-based, PC-based, and
paper-based questionnaires. Our findings suggest that a touch-based interface
allows users to complete ranking questions easily, quickly, and accurately
although it can increase the time to complete a location input task for
well-known, prominent locations.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

TPC welcome welcome message from the technical program chairs.

DOI： 10.1109/PerCom.2014.6813933

Language：Others  

Lost Again in Shibuya: Exploration and Awareness in a Labyrinth.
Existing digital technologies in urban settings tend to focus narrowly on
concerns around wayfinding, safety, and consumption. In this paper, we examine
pedestrian experiences based on the data collected through field observations
as well as intensive interviews with nine pedestrians in the Shibuya area of
Tokyo, and suggest an alternative approach to blending technologies and urban
activities. Our focus is on social and cognitive aspects of pedestrians who get
lost and explore a labyrinth of sidewalks. We use the data to discuss the
activities that are often ignored or inadequately supported by existing
systems.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Coping with ill-structured problems in a city involves continuous, opportunistic, and multi-perspective processes, which existing pervasive technologies for citizen participation cannot easily support. Based on two preliminary case studies, we propose Scene Memo, a mobile phone-based exploratory citizen-sensing environment that uses dynamically shared tags to provide social cues and scaffold participants. Copyright © 2013 ACM.

DOI： 10.1145/2494091.2496000

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Designing the right computing service for citizens can be extremely difficult without participatory and iterative service development processes. We discuss opportunities and challenges for quick, participatory service development by citizens, based on our experiences with two experimental context-aware services. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-39351-8_34

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

We describe our experiences with the prototype crowd sensing environments for supporting crowding detection and community fieldwork, and discuss the need to support sensing work in context. Sensing work is inseparable from the shifting observation modes in the overall inquiry process.

DOI： 10.1145/2494091.2499218

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Enriching Participatory Sensing Environments through Scaffolding

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A Control Method for Bluetooth Proximity Sensing using User Context

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A Control Method for Bluetooth Proximity Sensing using User Context

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

B-19-7 Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth as Proximity Sensor

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

D-4-1 Development of a Location-Based Service Based On Colocation Networks

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Sensor Information Processing in the Info-plosion Era

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

B-15-15 Power Saving Method for Bluetooth Human Relationship Sensing using User Contest

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Supporting Intellectual Collaboration Using Network Context

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Portable sensory devices carried by humans-which are referred to as Human Probes-facilitate easy-to-use sensing and monitoring of urban areas. However, when each Human Probe individually senses and transmits information, the sensing activity is inefficient in terms of energy consumption. In this paper, we propose Aquiba protocol in which the sensing activities carried out by the Human Probes are adjusted autonomously under different conditions. Aquiba involves cooperative sensing that helps in efficiently maintaining the desired sensing resolution, while minimizing overall energy consumption. To validate Aquiba protocol, we have conducted comprehensive simulations by including small-scale and large-scale scenarios along with applying three movement patterns of human. The simulation results demonstrate that Aquiba protocol is capable of providing high sensing resolution and reducing energy consumption substantially.

DOI： 10.1002/tee.20655

Language：English  

Portable sensory devices carried by humans-which are referred to as Human Probes-facilitate easy-to-use sensing and monitoring of urban areas. However, when each Human Probe individually senses and transmits information, the sensing activity is inefficient in terms of energy consumption. In this paper, we propose Aquiba protocol in which the sensing activities carried out by the Human Probes are adjusted autonomously under different conditions. Aquiba involves cooperative sensing that helps in efficiently maintaining the desired sensing resolution, while minimizing overall energy consumption. To validate Aquiba protocol, we have conducted comprehensive simulations by including small-scale and large-scale scenarios along with applying three movement patterns of human. The simulation results demonstrate that Aquiba protocol is capable of providing high sensing resolution and reducing energy consumption substantially. (C) 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/tee.20655

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

I-Tree

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A Design of a Dynamic Mechanism for Generating Street-Based Image Flows Assuming the Availability of Photographs Taken with Mobile Devices

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Community mapping for cross-boundary research collaboration
Making sense of research community patterns can be a challenging task since they are often complex, dynamic, and inseparable from the 'messiness' of the real world. This paper introduces a data-centric community mapping tool that extracts and visualizes research communities in Computer Science, based on the DBLP publication database [1]. Initial experiences with the community mapping tool suggest a possibility to facilitate the process of initiating cross-boundary research collaboration using multiple network structures. © 2011 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/C5.2011.10

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Colocation networks: Exploring the use of social andgeographical patterns in context-aware services
As people visit various places in their daily lives, connections are formed between people via places (co-presence), and between places via people (overlapping). This paper introduces a method for modeling social and geographical context based on colocation networks in human mobility datasets. Applying the method to a metropolitan-scale mobility dataset reveals a variety of place groups that can be considered in the design of urban ubicomp applications. © 2011 Author.

DOI： 10.1145/2030112.2030215

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Portable sensory devices such as sensors equipped mobile phones enable convenient sensing and monitoring of urban areas Such devices which are always carried by humans are referred to as Human Probes Instead of carrying out sensing activities independently cooper anon of Human Probes helps in realizing efficient urban sensing environments In this paper we propose an Architecture of Qualitative Urban In formation Blending and Acquisition (Aquiba) in which the sensing activities are adjusted autonomously according to cooperation of Human Probes Aquiba introduces a cooperative sensing approach which aims to maintain desired sensing resolution efficiently while minimizing overall energy con sumption To study the performance of Aquiba we have conducted corn prehensive simulations ranging from small to large scale scenarios along with applying three different movement patterns of human The simulation results demonstrate that Aquiba is capable of providing high sensing resolution and reducing overall energy consumption

DOI： 10.1587/transcom.E93.B.2868

Language：English  

As people increasingly use location-aware devices for various applications including way finding (Arikawa et al., 2007; Navitime, 2009) and safety-enhancement (Enhanced 911, 2009), there is a tangible need for better infrastructural support of location-based services. Localization has been and is one of the most prominent areas of ubiquitous networking research. Early location systems (e.g., the Active Badge Location System [Want et al., 1992]) were built to allow people in closed experimental environments to access location-relevant information and services, and, since then, there has been a great increase in the number of global positioning system (GPS)-enabled devices, including location-aware mobile phones, in our everyday environments. Today, location-based services can be deployed on these devices to support various activities in everyday life.

DOI： 10.1201/9781420071986

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-1-84882-727-1_3

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Recently, global warming is a serious problem all over the world. Japan endeavors to promote using bicycles in order to protect environment. We developed a system for supporting cyclists by using the data from a bike sensor network. Cyclists lose comfort of riding when they need to go through crowded streets. We collect riding information obtained with a gyro sensor attached to handlebars of a bicycle. Based on such information, we then extract riding condition of cyclists. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Human Probe system that can collect and store sensor data to show comfortable cycling routes on a map.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-12098-5_37

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Portable sensory devices carried by humans which are referred to as Human Probes facilitate easy-to-use sensing and monitoring of urban areas. In tins demonstration, we developed a prototype of Aquiba sensing system from off-the-shelf mobile phone. Aquiba, involves collaborative sensing that helps in achieving high-fidelity sensing while minimizing overall energy consumption. We validated the benefit of collaborative sensing through field experiments.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-12098-5_40

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Human Probes, which are human integrated or embedded with sensors, allow the acquisition of a variety of contextual information, facilitate collaborative information sharing and community action as well as the provision of personalized services such as personal health management and context-aware advertisements. Recently, we have examined the usefulness of pressure sensors embedded in shoes [2]. In this demonstration, we extend our previous research on embedded pressure sensors by considering complimentary uses of accelerometers so as to capture precise and meaningful context in our daily lives. Pressure sensors and accelerometers are similarly useful for capturing the motion of pedestrians; however, the close examination of the signals from both sensors reveals the strengths and the weaknesses of each, and suggests the possibility of their complimentary use to support Human Probes.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-12098-5_41

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Real-World Sensing in Urban Life

DOI： 10.1541/ieejjournal.129.156

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

The ubiquity of sensing devices, including location-aware, sensor-enabled mobile phones, creates an opportunity to design a novel digital layer of a city, which senses and shapes the experiences of urban inhabitants. This paper explores a possibility of ubiquitous sensing devices to generate alternative social landscapes of a city, and facilitate universal communication. Sensors have critical dual roles in this process: (1) analyzing existing social relations, and (2) providing resources for establishing new relations. Several examples are discussed in relation to the latter role of sensors in shaping social landscapes, suggesting the possibility to create various representations that could support novel communication and collaboration practices. Copyright 2009 ACM.

DOI： 10.1145/1667780.1667814

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Supporting Collaborative Privacy-Observant Information Sharing Using RFID-Tagged Objects.

DOI： 10.1155/2009/713516

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Portable sensory devices carried by humans-which are referred to as Human Probes-facilitate easy-to-use sensing and monitoring of urban areas. However, when each Human Probe individually senses and transmits information, the sensing activity is inefficient in terms of energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an Architecture of Quality-enhanced Urban Information Blending and Aggregation (Aquiba), in which the sensing activities carried out by the Human Probes are adjusted autonomously under different conditions. Aquiba involves cooperative sensing that helps in achieving high-fidelity sensing while minimizing overall energy consumption. To demonstrate the validity of cooperative sensing, we implemented a prototype device by using a commercial off-the-shelf mobile phone and conducted a field experiment. The experimental results show that Aquiba is capable of providing high-fidelity sensing and reducing energy consumption efficiently.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Askus: Amplifying Mobile Actions
Information sharing has undeniably become ubiquitous in the Internet age. The global village created on the Internet provides people with instant access to information and news on events occurring in a remote area, including access to video content on websites such as YouTube. Thus, the Internet has helped us overcome barriers to information. However, we cannot conceive an event happening in a remote area and respond to it with relevant actions in a real-time fashion. To overcome this problem, we propose a system called Askus, a mobile platform for supporting networked actions. Ask-us facilitates an extension of the conceivable space and action by including humans in the loop. In Askus, a person's request is transmitted to a suitable person who will then act in accordance with the request at a remote site. Based on a diary study that led to detailed understanding about mobile assistance needs in everyday life, we developed the Askus platform and implemented the PC-based and mobile phone-based prototypes. We also present the results from our preliminary field trial.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-01516-8_15

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Ad hoc networks enable application services in various environments including indoor/underground spaces and urban canyons
however conventional positioning infrastructures such as the GPS generally do not work well in these environments. We propose a lightweight, RFID-based positioning system that can be installed quickly and easily at various sites of ad hoc application deployment. The system includes a novel device called RFID Tape, which allows for efficient deployment and maintenance of a series of RFID location reference points. Pedestrian devices obtain location information from RFID reference points, and use motion sensors and a P2P-based technique to allow for continuous positioning even when the reference points are sparse. The device and the mechanism together facilitate the provision of location-aware features in ad hoc applications. © 2008 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/SAHCN.2008.84

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This work presents the observations of pedestrian mobility characteristics based on the traces collected in a train station
provides a mobility model using these observations.

DOI： 10.1145/1410077.1410096

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Ubiquitous computing in the real world: lessons learnt from large scale RFID deployments
Ubiquitous computing technologies are slowly finding their way into commercial information systems, which are often constructed at considerably larger scale compared to what is possible in research demonstrators. Furthermore, lengthy and costly preparation or upgrade of existing infrastructures, training of employees and users in the new ways of working, controlled introduction of new functionality, features and services to manage risk, unexpected behaviors due to the wider variety of possible real-world situations, incremental approach to systems development so as to better identify successful aspects, regard for the economics of systems as a core requirement, and selection of open or closed systems are all issues that are mostly outside the scope of current ubiquitous computing research but play a critical role in industrial deployments. In this paper we review two case studies of fully operational Radio Frequency Identification-based systems: the Oyster card ticketing system used at the London Underground in the UK, and retail applications deployed at the Mitsukoshi departmental stores in Tokyo, Japan. We examine each case in terms of technologies, user interactions, and their business and organizational context and make several observations in each case. We conclude by drawing general lessons related to ubiquitous computing in the real world and identify challenges for future ubiquitous computing research.

DOI： 10.1007/s00779-006-0116-1

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s00779-006-0113-4

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Individual, unaided human abilities are constrained. Media have helped us to transcend boundaries in thinking, working, learning and collaborating by supporting distributed intelligence. Wireless and mobile technologies provide new opportunities for creating novel socio-technical environments and thereby empowering humans, but not without potential pitfalls. We explore these opportunities and pitfalls from a lifelong-learning perspective and discuss how wireless and mobile technologies can influence and change conceptual frameworks such as the relationship between planning and situated action, context awareness, human attention, distances in collaborative design activities, and the trade-off between tools for living and tools for learning. The impact of wireless and mobile technologies is illustrated with our research projects, which focus on moving 'computing off the desktop' by 'going small, large, and everywhere'. Specific examples include human-centred public transportation systems, collaborative design, and information sharing with smart physical objects.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2007.00238.x

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

NAVITIME: Supporting pedestrian navigation in the real world

DOI： 10.1109/MPRV.2007.61

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Analysis of Security and Privacy Issues in RFID-Based Reference Point Systems.

DOI： 10.1109/MDM.2007.57

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Urban Computing and Mobile Devices.

DOI： 10.1109/MDSO.2007.46

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/MPRV.2006.60

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Experience of the Network Display System with RFID for Participants in an Academic Conference

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Individual, unaided human abilities are constrained. Media have helped us to transcend boundaries in thinking, working, learning, and collaborating by supporting distributed intelligence. Wireless and mobile technologies provide new opportunities for empowering humans, but not without potential pitfalls.
We explore these opportunities and pitfalls from a lifelong-learning perspective and discuss how wireless and mobile technologies can influence and change conceptual frameworks such as the relationship between planning and situated action, context awareness, human attention, distances in collaborative design activities, and the trade-off between tools for living and tools for learning.
The impact of wireless and mobile technologies is illustrated with our research projects, which focus on moving "computing off the desktop" by "going small, large, and everywhere. " Specific examples include human-centered public transportation systems, collaborative design, and information sharing with smart physical objects.

DOI： 10.1109/WMTE.2005.35

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Creating a usable system that supports users' in-situ control over their privacy boundaries is a challenging problem. We propose process and data models for providing feedback that better supports RFID users' privacy boundary regulation. Our context-aware feedback approach uses activity hierarchies to represent context around the use of RFID applications and support privacy critic agents to adapt feedback and information disclosure processes according to users' changing needs.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

RFID Technology allows us to easily capture and access information anywhere at anytime. However, RFID-based information sharing systems will likely fail if they cannot provide the "right" information in the "right" way. This paper describes design and usability evaluations of QueryLens, a system that accumulates queries and answers in relation to RFID-tagged physical objects and discusses the implications of our in-depth usability analysis for RFID-based context-aware information sharing in general.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This paper describes the start-up phase of the ALAN-K (Advanced LeArning Network in Kyoto) project, which is part of a major effort to create new learning environments for elementary, junior high and high school students in Kyoto, Japan. Our visions of digitally fluent and creative citizens are largely influenced by the visions, ideas, and experiences of Alan Kay and his colleagues. We view the Squeak system (Ingalls et al., 1997; Guzdial and Rose, 2002) as powerful learning tools and media for enabling both active independent learning and collaboration. A series of Squeak workshops were designed and conducted at two elementary schools, which will be the basis for designing further activities.

DOI： 10.1109/C5.2003.1222340

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

This poster presentation introduces our first Squeak workshops offered in the context of the ALAN-K (Advanced LeArning Network in Kyoto) project (Konomi and Karuno, 2003), which is part of a major effort to create new learning environments for elementary, junior high and high school students in Kyoto, Japan.

DOI： 10.1109/C5.2003.1222347

Language：English  

Recent years' advances in information technology and system LSI technology are spreading computing resources into ubiquitous places in the real world. In such an environment, 'What we should not do' is important as well as 'What we can do', since the problem in the computer science directly results in the problem in the real world. In this paper, we discuss the possibility and challenges in the 'Digitally Named World', which is the environment in which 'radio frequency ID's (RFIDs) are attached to any goods in the world, and any objects in the real world can be found by the readers of the RFIDs and the networked database system. Especially, we address the problem of privacy and life-cycle management of the objects, and we propose the method for managing privacy about the relationship between objects and individuals.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

QueryLens: Beyond ID-Based Information Access.

DOI： 10.1007/3-540-45809-3_16

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Supporting collaborative design by communities of interest with the envisionment and discovery collaboratory (EDC).

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Embedded Materialized Views: Bridging Physical and Computational Worlds for Long-Term Collaboration.

DOI： 10.1109/DANTE.1999.844941

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Cooperative Buildings, Integrating Information, Organization, and Architecture, Second International Workshop, CoBuild'99, Pittsburgh, USA, October 1-2, 1999, Proceedings

DOI： 10.1007/10705432

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

i-LAND: An Interactive Landscape for Creativity and Innovation.

DOI： 10.1145/302979.303010

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The Passage mechanism introduced in this paper provides an easy and intuitive way to transport various types of digital objects by using also normal physical objects without any special identification tags. The current implementation of the Passage mechanism utilizes electronic scales and contact-free identification devices and thus allows for identification of arbitrary physical objects as well as immediate and unique identification of certain dedicated physical objects. The mechanism is used in various types of cooperative work scenarios in the i-LAND environment (Streitz, et al. 1999) that provides an essential part of the infrastructure for cooperative buildings.

DOI： 10.1007/10705432_5

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

In distributed conference systems, participants get access to the shared documents through the computer network. In the's peeper, the authors describe requirements in distributed conferences regarding access rights to shared documents. We give four categories of hypermedia representation based on access rights and two principle of human interface design to avoid mismatch between access rights and oral communication.
We have developed the Channel Checker, which supports Non-WYSIWIS user interface for hypermedia-based conferences. A allows participants to confirm users' access rights information and to communicate smoothly in conferences. By using this interface, users can synchronize the audio communication channel changes with their pointer on the shared document browser. The prototype of the Channel Checker is implemented on Java and JavaScript with an HTML browser.

DOI： 10.1109/APCHI.1998.704142

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Distributed multiuser hypermedia environments provide not only information sharing mechanisms but also user collaboration/ communication facilities. The provision of integrated views of heterogeneous information resources is necessary to create common understanding among the users who are possibly distributed in terms of geography and time. However requirements of customization must also be considered since such diverse users would want to personalize views of shared information. In order to integrate views considering requirements of flexible customization we propose cooperative view mechanisms of Dexter-based hypermedia systems, introducing environmental objects and their participation relationships. The mechanisms instantiate deputies of hypermedia on screen using participation relationships of users, hypermedia components, and environments. The relationships are also used for the purpose of supporting awareness. Using a novel user collaboration facility, the relationships are visualized so that users can easily recognize other users and/ or user groups having the same, slightly different or very different views. Attributes of environment objects are discussed so that the mechanisms can be effectively utilized in computer-supported cooperative work settings such as distance presentations, virtual offices and virtual classrooms.

DOI： 10.1109/COOPIS.1997.613798

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Incremental Maintenance of Materialized Views.

DOI： 10.1007/BFb0022063

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Collaborative hypermedia education with the VIENA classroom system.

DOI： 10.1145/369585.369666

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

HyperView: Generating Virtual Hypermedia in Decentralized Environments.

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Super-Key Classes for Updating Materialized Derived Classes in Object Bases.

DOI： 10.1007/3-540-57530-8_20

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Redundant network structures allow efficient retrievals. Procedures to design network structures that allow efficient retrievals [9] add redundancies into network structures. However, as redundancies increase, costs of updates increase. When network structures are redundant, costs of updates include costs of updating original data, checking consistencies, and updating derived data. This paper presents the super‐key condition to reduce the costs of checking consistencies in redundant network structures. First, constraints required to keep redundant network structures consistent are shown and then a sequence of processes to delete or insert a record in redundant network structures maintaining the constraints is given. Relationships between functional dependencies and updates are discussed to derive the super‐key condition. The condition classifies network structures regarding costs of the processes to delete or insert a record. Finally, a procedure to design network structures that satisfy the super‐key condition is given. The procedure may increase redundancies of network structures to reduce costs of updates. Copyright © 1992 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company

DOI： 10.1002/scj.4690230603

Language：Others   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Updating Duplicate Values in Distributed Multidatabase Systems.

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：Japanese   Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91125-0

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-91131-1

Language：English  

In recent years, the presence of ubiquitous computing has increasingly integrated into the lives of people in modern society. As these technologies become more pervasive, new opportunities open for making citizens' environments more comfortable, convenient, and efficient. Enriching Urban Spaces with Ambient Computing, the Internet of Things, and Smart City Design is a pivotal reference source for the latest scholarly material on the interaction between people and computing systems in contemporary society, showcasing how ubiquitous computing influences and shapes urban environments. Highlighting the impacts of these emerging technologies from an interdisciplinary perspective, this book is ideally designed for professionals, researchers, academicians, and practitioners interested in the influential state of pervasive computing within urban contexts.

DOI： 10.4018/978-1-5225-0827-4

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

Responsible for pages：総ページ数：x, 163p   Language：Japanese  

Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

DOI： 10.1163/9789004399273_012

Language：English  

DOI： 10.4018/978-1-5225-0827-4

Responsible for pages：総ページ数：323   Language：Others  

Enriching Urban Spaces with Ambient Computing, the Internet of Things, and Smart City Design (Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology)

Language：English  

DOI： 10.4018/978-1-5225-0827-4

Language：English  

DOI： 10.1002/9780470168226.ch26

Responsible for pages：総ページ数：229   Language：Others  

Cooperative Buildings. Integrating Information, Organizations, and Architecture: Second International Workshop, CoBuild'99, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ... (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

Responsible for pages：総ページ数：267   Language：Others  

Cooperative Buildings: Integrating Information, Organization, and Architecture (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

Responsible for pages：総ページ数：iv,297p   Language：Others  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：English  

In the domain of group recommendation systems (GRS), addressing the preferences of individuals with similar tastes is of utmost significance. Given the inherent diversity of opinions within a group, existing GRS techniques typically aggregate individual preferences into a collective group preference for providing recommendations. This paper introduces an innovative approach to group recommendation systems, with a specific focus on small groups sharing common interests. We introduce a web-based restaurant recommendation system designed for increased user satisfaction within small-scale groups. Drawing insights from group decision-making literature, we propose a recommendation algorithm centered around leadership. The proposed algorithm is designed to foster consensus among group members, leveraging the dynamics of leadership, and ultimately increasing the overall satisfaction of the group with the recommended choices.

researchmap

Event date： 2020.1

Language：Others  

Country：Other  

Proposal of Tourism Recommendation Method for Older Adults Based on Potential Interest Expressed as Text and Images on SNS

Event date： 2019.9

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Automatically Generate Slide Images Using Generative Adversarial Nets

Event date： 2019.6

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

学習中の生理応答同時計測による「学びのつまずき」推定システム開発

Event date： 2019.6

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

高齢者向け学習支援システムためのUIプロトタイプ開発と実験

Event date： 2019.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Hiroshima   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.2

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Learning path recommendation in university environments based on sequence mining
Learning path recommendation system efficiently guides learners by constructing appropriate learning sequences from recommended learning materials to reach their goals. However, supporting active learning in the learning path recommendation systems for university environments is different from conventional mechanisms for recommending relevant online courses such as MOOCs. This paper analyzed different learning path patterns of students at Kyushu University and discussed the challenges to recommend appropriate learning sequence in university learning environments. Then we proposed an approach to address the challenges by designing a learning path recommendation mechanism based on sequence mining.

Event date： 2019.2

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

高齢者向け学習支援システムのためのデュアルタブレット・ユーザインタフェースの提案と実現

Event date： 2019.2

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

自学学習中における脳波・視線の同時計測・分析システムの開発

Event date： 2019.2

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

本研究では講義資料のページ毎の難易度を分析する新たなアプローチを提案する．分析対象としてデジタル教科書システムで配信されている講義資料を用いる．デジタル教科書システムではページの移動操作に加えページのブックマークやマーカーといった操作ログも記録される．今回は14回の講義中(1回90分)に収集されたデジタル教科書の操作ログを使用し，456人の学生からなる計110,894電子書籍操作ログを分析した．本研究では操作ログからページ毎に6種類の特徴量を計算し，分類モデルを作成した．最終的にそのモデルに対して10分割の交差検証によって921ページに関しての評価を行った．本論文では提案手法の詳細について述べ，評価結果を報告する．

Event date： 2019.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡市   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.9 - 2019.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：大分   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：大分   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.9

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Data-driven feedback for students based on word clouds

Event date： 2018.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Fukuoka   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.1

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Event date： 2018.1

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Lecture Support based on Real-time Learning Analytics

Event date： 2018.1

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2018.1

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Lecture Support based on Real‐time Learning Analytics

Event date： 2017.8

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

高等学校におけるラーニングアナリティックスに基づいた授業の試行
[第42回 教育システム情報学会 全国大会 = The 42nd Annual Coference of JSISE] 会期: 2017年8月23日-25日, 主催: 一般社団法人 教育システム情報学会, 会場: 北九州国際会議場近年、学習管理システム等に蓄積された学習活動ログ、成績や授業評価アンケートなどデータを横断的に分析するなど、ラーニングアナリティックスが注目されている。本稿では九州大学におけるラーニングアナリティックス研究の知見を高等学校における授業へ試行的に平行展開した実施事例について紹介する。

Event date： 2016.12

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

Event date： 2016.10 - 2016.11

Language：English  

Venue：Burlingame   Country：United States  

We propose crowd replication as a low-effort, easy to implement and cost-effective mechanism for quantifying the uses, activities, and sociability of public spaces. Crowd replication combines mobile sensing, direct observation, and mathematical modeling to enable resource efficient and accurate quantification of public spaces. The core idea behind crowd replication is to instrument the researcher investigating a public space with sensors embedded on commodity devices and to engage him/her into imitation of people using the space. By combining the collected sensor data with a direct observations and population model, individual sensor traces can be generalized to capture the behavior of a larger population. We validate the use of crowd replication as a data collection mechanism through a field study conducted within an exemplary metropolitan urban space. Results of our evaluation show that crowd replication accurately captures real human dynamics (0.914 correlation between indicators estimated from crowd replication and visual surveillance) and captures data that is representative of the behavior of people within the public space.

Event date： 2016.9

Language：English  

Venue：Heidelberg   Country：Germany  

In recent years, the number of vacant houses is increasing in Japan, as the population decline in local communities. In this context, there is an urgent need to develop smart socio-Technical systems that enable effective use and management of vacant houses, thereby preventing them from having negative impacts on local communities. In this paper, we propose an approach to support community-centric use and management of vacant houses based on an integrated crowdsourcing platform. We describe our ongoing project in Kashiwa City, and argue for an open, inclusive, and community-centric distributed platform to cater for some of the important needs in the community.

Event date： 2016.9

Language：English  

Venue：Heidelberg   Country：Germany  

The proposed workshop seeks to build upon the success of previous workshops at UbiComp 2010 and 2011 on Ubiquitous Crowdsourcing, and UbiComp 2015 on Mobile and Situated Crowdsourcing. Increasingly, researchers and practitioners alike are turning towards crowdsourcing with ubiquitous technologies due to their affordances and potential to circumvent limitations with online crowdsourcing platforms. Hence, this workshop's main objectives are to investigate the current state of the art of mobile and situated crowdsourcing, and foster collaborations by bringing together researchers of this thriving research agenda.

Event date： 2016.7

Language：English  

Venue：Toronto   Country：Canada  

Context-aware notifications cannot be designed easily without knowing which context-aware notifications will be triggered and responded in time. In this paper, we discuss methods to improve the design of context-aware notifications. Using the data from our prior experiment, we identify main factors that influence citizens’ responses to notifications and evaluate the predictability of quick responses using a simplified method. We then propose a model for designing civic crowdsourcing tasks based on historical information. We believe that creating well-designed notifications can decrease receivers’ workloads and simultaneously expands the positive impacts of civic crowdsourcing on the quality of life in the city.

Event date： 2016.7

Language：English  

Venue：Toronto   Country：Canada  

Pervasive communication technologies have opened up the opportunities for citizens to cope with disasters by exploiting networked mobile devices. However, existing approaches often overlook the brittleness of the technological infrastructures and rely heavily on users’ manual inputs. In this paper, we propose a robust and resilient sensing environment by extending and integrating cooperative location inference and participatory sensing using smartphones and IoTs. The proposed approach encourages proactive engagement in disaster mitigation by means of everyday data collection and end-user deployment of IoT sensors.

Event date： 2016.5

Language：English  

Venue：Tokyo   Country：Japan  

Geofencing mechanisms allow for timely message delivery to the visitors of predefined target areas. However, conventional geofencing approaches poorly support mobile data collection scenarios in which experts need in situ assistance. In this paper, we propose crowd geofencing environments, in which a large number of crowdworkers generate geofences to support mobile experts. As a first step to open up the possibilities of crowd geofencing, we have tested its feasibility by collecting more than one thousand geofences in an unfamiliar city prior to the visit to look into urban water and air quality issues. Our experience has revealed the strengths and weaknesses of crowd geofencing in terms of geofence quality and crowd-powered situated actions.

Event date： 2016.5

Language：English  

Venue：Tokyo   Country：Japan  

A number of local governments, businesses, and research institutions have discussed the usefulness and importance of "green networks" in recent years. However, most green sites are still perceived as isolated distributed patches, thereby potentially leading to their underuse and little awareness of their importance. We propose a participatory environment that can visualize connections of green sites based on the levels of visible green using celestial sphere images contributed by citizens. The system combines existing green coverage maps and smartphone-based image capture tools to show "green routes" in a city. We expect that the proposed approach can increase the networked uses of green resources, thereby increasing the awareness of green networks and potentially leading to collective efforts towards the development of richer connected green in cities.

Event date： 2015.9

Language：English  

Venue：Osaka   Country：Japan  

A number of local governments, businesses, and research institutions have discussed the usefulness and importance of "green networks" in recent years. However, most green sites are still perceived as isolated distributed patches, thereby potentially leading to their underuse and little awareness of their importance. We propose Green Weaver, a participatory system that can visualize connections of green sites based on crowdsourcing. The system combines existing green maps, participatory apps, and smartphone-based image capture tools to visualize "green networks" and support the awareness of connected green sites in the neighborhood, thereby potentially accelerating citizencentered "green networking" in the neighborhood.

Event date： 2015.9

Language：English  

Venue：Osaka   Country：Japan  

Crowdsourcing beyond the desktop is increasingly attracting interest due to the rapid proliferation of smart phones and other ubiquitous technologies, such as public displays. This workshop seeks to investigate the current state of the art of mobile and situated crowdsourcing by bringing together researchers of this thriving research agenda.

Event date： 2015.9

Language：English  

Venue：Osaka   Country：Japan  

Requesting relevant tasks to mobile crowds is extremely difficult without considering their movements. We propose an approach to geo-cast crowdsourcing tasks based on networks of human flows, and show that our approach can achieve higher geographical relevance than simple proximity-based approaches.

Event date： 2015.8

Language：English  

Venue：Los Angeles   Country：United States  

Recently, many civic engagement platforms have appeared on the web and for mobile devices to collect public comments and local information. However, it is difficult to cope with diminishing civic engagement due to the loss of diverse outdoor activities in towns using existing civic engagement platforms. In this paper we present Activity Recipe, a framework for supporting citizens to create and share activities in public spaces and thereby promoting their cooperative outdoor activities. We discuss the methods to ‘spread’ effective activities for local communities and cultivate citizens’ awareness for these activities based on Activity Recipe.

Event date： 2015.8

Language：English  

Venue：Los Angeles   Country：United States  

The increasing amount of mobility data introduces an opportunity to develop novel urban applications that are integrated with everyday practices. Although simple events (e.g., visits to places) can be inferred from mobility traces, events have very different meanings in different contexts. To contribute to the body of work that aims to uncover effective methods to integrate ubiquitous computing technologies in urban spaces and context, we discuss interpretation of ubiquitous events in urban computing: food-venue visits. Based on a survey and a small supplemental study, we identify the spatial and social contexts that influence the meanings of food-venue visits. We also suggest a possibility of novel technological support for eating out.

Event date： 2015.3

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Crowd sensing systems can open up a vast design space for mobile and wearable applications to monitor, record, and use disaster information in context. This short paper presents a succinct overview of the recent developments of crowd sensing environments in this application domain based on a work-in-progress review of relevant literature and use cases. This leads to the discussions on the ways crowd sensing should complement the existing backbone infrastructures to capture more detailed, relevant and richer data in different contexts.

Event date： 2015.1

Language：Japanese  

Country：Other  

持続可能なコミュニティ醸成のための参加型グリーンネットワーキング

Event date： 2014.7 - 2014.8

Language：English  

Venue：Da Nang City   Country：Viet Nam  

Despite the pervasiveness of smart devices, meaningful data cannot be collected easily without an effective platform that meshes with human activities. In this paper, we explore the design space for mobile applications that recommend microtasks in public spaces. In particular, we take a close look at a public transportation environment and suggest some of the contexts in which microtask requests could be embedded. We then discuss a context-aware approach to microtasking in a city, as well as its implications for citizens.

Event date： 2014.6

Language：English  

Venue：Heraklion   Country：Greece  

Designing usable applications for coping with civic challenges can be extremely difficult without an appropriate design environment. We explore a novel application design process based on the analysis of real citizen workshops, and propose U.App, a design environment that allows citizens to create urban applications based on the process. We expect that the proposed environment will facilitate citizens' daily activities for addressing urban issues and extend the possibility of citizen-centered mobile applications.

Event date： 2013.12

Language：English  

Venue：Jakarta   Country：Indonesia  

Crowdsourcing allows one to collect information from a large number of citizens relatively easily, thereby creating an opportunity to provide a novel technological means to view and imagine the city, complementing conventional geovisualization and urban simulation games. We postulate that the inflexibility of existing crowdsourcing frameworks can impose inherent limitations in terms of the imaginability of the city, and propose citizensourcing, which augments crowdsourcing with the mechanisms for supporting exploration and active participation in order to address the limitations. We then describe our experiences with the smartphone-based prototypes of the mechanisms, and discuss their implications for the design of citizensourcing environments.

Event date： 2013.9

Language：English  

Venue：Zurich   Country：Switzerland  

Coping with ill-structured problems in a city involves continuous, opportunistic, and multi-perspective processes, which existing pervasive technologies for citizen participation cannot easily support. Based on two preliminary case studies, we propose Scene Memo, a mobile phone-based exploratory citizen-sensing environment that uses dynamically shared tags to provide social cues and scaffold participants.

Event date： 2013.9

Language：English  

Venue：Zurich   Country：Switzerland  

We describe our experiences with the prototype crowd sensing environments for supporting crowding detection and community fieldwork, and discuss the need to support sensing work in context. Sensing work is inseparable from the shifting observation modes in the overall inquiry process.

Event date： 2013.7

Language：English  

Venue：Las Vegas, NV   Country：United States  

Designing the right computing service for citizens can be extremely difficult without participatory and iterative service development processes. We discuss opportunities and challenges for quick, participatory service development by citizens, based on our experiences with two experimental context-aware services.

Event date： 2011.9

Language：English  

Venue：Beijing   Country：China  

This paper discusses an approach to designing a ubiquitous crowdsourcing environment based on the lessons learned from the experiences of developing mobile collaboration systems. A data-centric approach is introduced to exploit metropolitan-scale human-mobility data for the provision of macroscopic awareness about people and places, which can facilitate the design and use of a geocentric crowdsourcing environment. Roles of such macroscopic awareness are examined based on the conceptual frameworks of distributed collaboration and spatial experiences.

Event date： 2011.9

Language：English  

Venue：Beijing   Country：China  

As people visit various places in their daily lives, connections are formed between people via places (co-presence), and between places via people (overlapping). This paper introduces a method for modeling social and geographical context based on colocation networks in human mobility datasets. Applying the method to a metropolitan-scale mobility dataset reveals a variety of place groups that can be considered in the design of urban ubicomp applications.

Event date： 2011.1

Language：English  

Venue：Kyoto   Country：Japan  

Making sense of research community patterns can be a challenging task since they are often complex, dynamic, and inseparable from the 'messiness' of the real world. This paper introduces a data-centric community mapping tool that extracts and visualizes research communities in Computer Science, based on the DBLP publication database [1]. Initial experiences with the community mapping tool suggest a possibility to facilitate the process of initiating cross-boundary research collaboration using multiple network structures.

Event date： 2010.11

Language：English  

Venue：Zurich   Country：Switzerland  

To seek and collect useful sensor data in a participatory sensing environment, participants should be able to coordinate their activities in a timely manner. However, existing systems deal separately with the "preparation time" to define the goal and method of sensing, and the "sensing time" in the field. Therefore, participants cannot easily modify the sensing method, including the collaboration setting, once they are out in the field. In this demonstration, we will present a system called Kitokito, which allows participants to easily create small sensing tasks, and iteratively modify the collaboration and sensing method during the "sensing time.".

Event date： 2010.9

Language：English  

Venue：Chicago, IL   Country：United States  

The proliferation of networked mobile devices that can capture and communicate various kinds of data provides an opportunity to design novel manachine sensing environments of which this paper considers participatory sensing. To achieve energy efficiency and reduce data redundancy, we propose Aquiba protocol that exploits opportunistic collaboration of pedestrians. Sensing activity is reduced according to the number of available pedestrians in nearby area. The paper investigates the benefit of opportunistic collaboration in large-scale scenarios through simulation studies. To take microscopic interaction of social crowds into consideration, we adapt the social force model and include it as one of three mobility models applied in our studies. Though the simulation results depend on mobility models, they validate the benefit of opportunistic collaboration employed by Aquiba protocol.

Event date： 2010.4

Language：English  

Venue：Tsukuba   Country：Japan  

Human Probes, which are human integrated or embedded with sensors, allow the acquisition of a variety of contextual information, facilitate collaborative information sharing and community action as well as the provision of personalized services such as personal health management and context-aware advertisements. Recently, we have examined the usefulness of pressure sensors embedded in shoes [2]. In this demonstration, we extend our previous research on embedded pressure sensors by considering complimentary uses of accelerometers so as to capture precise and meaningful context in our daily lives. Pressure sensors and accelerometers are similarly useful for capturing the motion of pedestrians; however, the close examination of the signals from both sensors reveals the strengths and the weaknesses of each, and suggests the possibility of their complimentary use to support Human Probes.

Event date： 2010.4

Language：English  

Venue：Tsukuba   Country：Japan  

Recently, global warming is a serious problem all over the world. Japan endeavors to promote using bicycles in order to protect environment. We developed a system for supporting cyclists by using the data from a bike sensor network. Cyclists lose comfort of riding when they need to go through crowded streets. We collect riding information obtained with a gyro sensor attached to handlebars of a bicycle. Based on such information, we then extract riding condition of cyclists. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Human Probe system that can collect and store sensor data to show comfortable cycling routes on a map.

Event date： 2009.12

Language：English  

Venue：Melbourne   Country：Australia  

Portable sensory devices carried by humans-which are referred to as Human Probes-facilitate easy-to-use sensing and monitoring of urban areas. However, when each Human Probe individually senses and transmits information, the sensing activity is inefficient in terms of energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an Architecture of Quality-enhanced Urban Information Blending and Aggregation (Aquiba), in which the sensing activities carried out by the Human Probes are adjusted autonomously under different conditions. Aquiba involves cooperative sensing that helps in achieving high-fidelity sensing while minimizing overall energy consumption. To demonstrate the validity of cooperative sensing, we implemented a prototype device by using a commercial off-the-shelf mobile phone and conducted a field experiment. The experimental results show that Aquiba is capable of providing high-fidelity sensing and reducing energy consumption efficiently.

Event date： 2009.12

Language：English  

Venue：Tokyo   Country：Japan  

The ubiquity of sensing devices, including location-aware, sensor-enabled mobile phones, creates an opportunity to design a novel digital layer of a city, which senses and shapes the experiences of urban inhabitants. This paper explores a possibility of ubiquitous sensing devices to generate alternative social landscapes of a city, and facilitate universal communication. Sensors have critical dual roles in this process: (1) analyzing existing social relations, and (2) providing resources for establishing new relations. Several examples are discussed in relation to the latter role of sensors in shaping social landscapes, suggesting the possibility to create various representations that could support novel communication and collaboration practices.

Event date： 2009.11

Language：English  

Venue：Berkeley, CA   Country：United States  

Recent mobile devices are integrated with various kinds of sensors, thereby allowing people to capture what stationary sensing devices cannot easily acquire. We term the systems that exploit the ubiquity of the users of such devices Human Probes. To realize a Human-Probe environment, our research group has examined the usefulness of pressure sensors embedded in shoes [2]. In this demonstration, we present our recent work that extends our previous research on embedded pressure sensors by considering complimentary uses of accelerometers so as to measure walkability in our everyday spaces. Pressure sensors and accelerometers are similarly useful for capturing the motion of pedestrians; however, the close examination of the signals from both sensors reveals the strengths and the weaknesses of each, and suggests the possibility of their complimentary use to support Human Probes.

Event date： 2009.5

Language：English  

Venue：Nara   Country：Japan  

Information sharing has undeniably become ubiquitous in the Internet age. The global village created on the Internet provides people with instant access to information and news on events occurring in a remote area, including access to video content on websites such as YouTube. Thus, the Internet has helped us overcome barriers to information. However, we cannot conceive an event happening in a remote area and respond to it with relevant actions in a real-time fashion. To overcome this problem, we propose a system called Askus, a mobile platform for supporting networked actions. Askus facilitates an extension of the conceivable space and action by including humans in the loop. In Askus, a person's request is transmitted to a suitable person who will then act in accordance with the request at a remote site. Based on a diary study that led to detailed understanding about mobile assistance needs in everyday life, we developed the Askus platform and implemented the PC-based and mobile phone-based prototypes. We also present the results from our preliminary field trial.

Event date： 2008.9

Language：English  

Venue：San Francisco, CA   Country：United States  

This work presents the observations of pedestrian mobility characteristics based on the traces collected in a train station; provides a mobility model using these observations.

Event date： 2008.6

Language：English  

Venue：Kanazawa   Country：Japan  

We propose an RFID-based human probe positioning system for urban sensing. We call a person who has various sensors on his/her body Human Probe (HP). Our goals are (1) to estimate a position for HP which is based on location information of RFIDs and other HPs which hold position information with estimated error and (2) to manage and visualize sensor data considering a degree of position accuracy.

Event date： 2008.6

Language：English  

Venue：San Francisco, CA   Country：United States  

Ad hoc networks enable application services in various environments including indoor/underground spaces and urban canyons; however conventional positioning infrastructures such as the GPS generally do not work well in these environments. We propose a lightweight, RFID-based positioning system that can be installed quickly and easily at various sites of ad hoc application deployment. The system includes a novel device called RFID Tape, which allows for efficient deployment and maintenance of a series of RFID location reference points. Pedestrian devices obtain location information from RFID reference points, and use motion sensors and a P2P-based technique to allow for continuous positioning even when the reference points are sparse. The device and the mechanism together facilitate the provision of location-aware features in ad hoc applications.

Event date： 2007.8

Language：English  

Venue：Hong Kong   Country：China  

Advanced communication technologies enable sophisticated safety-enhancing systems that exploit numerous computing devices embedded in our commuting environments. However, the complexity inherent in these systems, together with the contingency in their real-life use context, can create usability problems that undermine safety. In this paper, we discuss an integrated, user-centered approach to designing and evaluating RFID-enhanced commuting environments for schoolchildren. Our integrative context sensing and sensemaking infrastructure exploits embedded computing devices not only for enhancing safety but also for understanding user experiences and thereby facilitating iterative usability improvement.

Event date： 2007.5

Language：English  

Venue：Mannheim   Country：Germany  

In this paper, we analyze security and privacy issues in RFID-based reference point systems, which seamlessly provide high resolution location information so as to enable innovative mobile applications. Our preliminary analysis revealed the significance of the labor cost in deploying RFID reference points; therefore, we carefully analyze several system architecture candidates in terms of deployment cost and security/privacy threats. Based on the analysis, we select a scalable architecture to avoid the bottleneck in deployment cost even though it can be less secure. Finally, we briefly discuss potential solutions for critical security and privacy issues in the selected architecture.

Event date： 2005.11

Language：English  

Venue：Tokushima   Country：Japan  

Individual, unaided human abilities are constrained. Media have helped us to transcend boundaries in thinking, working, learning, and collaborating by supporting distributed intelligence. Wireless and mobile technologies provide new opportunities for empowering humans, but not without potential pitfalls. We explore these opportunities and pitfalls from a lifelong-learning perspective and discuss how wireless and mobile technologies can influence and change conceptual frameworks such as the relationship between planning and situated action, context awareness, human attention, distances in collaborative design activities, and the trade-off between tools for living and tools for learning. The impact of wireless and mobile technologies is illustrated with our research projects, which focus on moving "computing off the desktop" by "going small, large, and everywhere." Specific examples include human-centered public transportation systems, collaborative design, and information sharing with smart physical objects.

Event date： 2003.1

Language：English  

Venue：Kyoto   Country：Japan  

This paper describes the start-up phase of the ALAN-K (Advanced LeArning Network in Kyoto) project, which is part of a major effort to create new learning environments for elementary, junior high and high school students in Kyoto, Japan. Our visions of digitally fluent and creative citizens are largely influenced by the visions, ideas, and experiences of Alan Kay and his colleagues. We view the Squeak system (Ingalls et al., 1997; Guzdial and Rose, 2002) as powerful learning tools and media for enabling both active independent learning and collaboration. A series of Squeak workshops were designed and conducted at two elementary schools, which will be the basis for designing further activities.

Event date： 2003.1

Language：English  

Venue：Kyoto   Country：Japan  

This poster presentation introduces our first Squeak workshops offered in the context of the ALAN-K (Advanced LeArning Network in Kyoto) project (Konomi and Karuno, 2003) which is part of a major effort to create a new learning environment for elementary, junior high and high school students in Kyoto, Japan.

Event date： 2002.9 - 2002.10

Language：English  

Venue：Goteborg   Country：Sweden  

This paper discusses how ID-based information access, i.e., information access that utilizes IDs of physical entities, can be enhanced to function in a dynamic and social environment, where users can participate in the process of designing and extending the information space. QueryLens is a sys- tem that accumulates queries, connects them to a relevant physical object, allows a user to share and modify them, and uses them to capture answers.

Event date： 1999.10

Language：English  

Venue：Pittsburgh   Country：United States  

The Passage mechanism introduced in this paper provides an easy and intuitive way to transport various types of digital objects by using also normal physical objects without any special identification tags. The current implementation of the Passage mechanism utilizes electronic scales and contact-free identification devices and thus allows for identification of arbitrary physical objects as well as immediate and unique identification of certain dedicated physical objects. The mechanism is used in various types of cooperative work scenarios in the i-LAND environment (Streitz, et al. 1999) that provides an essential part of the infrastructure for cooperative buildings.

Event date： 1999.5

Language：English  

Venue：Pittsburgh, PA   Country：United States  

We describe the i-LAND environment which constitutes an example of our vision of the workspaces of the future, in this case supporting cooperative work of dynamic teams with changing needs. i-LAND requires and provides new forms of human-computer interaction and new forms of computer-supported cooperative work. Its design is based on an integration of information and architectural spaces, implications of new work practices and an empirical requirements study informing our design. i-LAND consists of several 'roomware' components, i.e. computer-augmented objects integrating room elements with information technology. We present the current realization of i-LAND in terms of an interactive electronic wall, an interactive table, two computer-enhanced chairs, and two "bridges" for the Passage-mechanism. This is complemented by the description of the creativity support application and the technological infrastructure. The paper is accompanied by a video figure in the CHI'99 video program.

Event date： 1998.7

Language：English  

Venue：Hayama-machi, Kanagawa   Country：Japan  

In distributed conference systems, participants get access to the shared documents through the computer network. The authors describe requirements in distributed conferences regarding access rights to shared documents. We give four categories of hypermedia representation based on access rights and two principles of human interface design to avoid mismatch between access rights and oral communication. We have developed the Channel Checker, which supports Non-WYSIWIS user interface for hypermedia based conferences. It allows participants to confirm users' access rights information and to communicate smoothly in conferences. By using this interface, users can synchronize the audio communication channel changes with their pointer on the shared document browser. The prototype of the Channel Checker is implemented on Java and JavaScript with an HTML browser.

Event date： 1998.2

Language：English  

Venue：Darmstadt   Country：Germany  

Event date： 1997.9

Language：English  

Venue：Toulouse   Country：France  

Materialized views are important in databases, particularly in data warehouses, where they are used to speed up query processing on large amounts of data. These views need to be maintained incrementally in response to database updates. In this paper we investigate the problem of incremental maintenance of a materialized view in response to changes to the base data. We show that a materialized view can be maintained without accessing the view itself by materializing additional relations. We firstly give an algorithm for determining what additional relations need to be materialize in order to maintain a view incrementally. We then propose an algorithm for updating the materialized view (and the additional relations) based on the optimized operator tree used for evaluating the view as a query. A materialized view is updated by propagating updates to the nodes of its operator tree in a bottom-up fashion, where each node contains a relational algebraic operator and computes an intermediate expression. Our algorithm derives the exact update at every intermediate node in the tree, including the materialized view. Finally, we compare our incremental algorithm with the naive algorithm that recomputes the view from scratch.

Event date： 1997.6

Language：English  

Venue：Kiawah Island, SC, USA   Country：Other  

Distributed multiuser hypermedia environments provide not only information sharing mechanisms but also user collaboration/communication facilities. The provision of integrated views of heterogeneous information resources is necessary to create common understanding among the users who are possibly distributed in terms of geography and time. However, requirements of customization must also be considered since such diverse users would want to personalize views of shared information. In order to integrate views considering requirements of flexible customization, we propose cooperative view mechanisms of Dexter-based hypermedia systems, introducing environmental objects and their participation relationships. The mechanisms instantiate deputies of hypermedia on screen using participation relationships of users, hypermedia components, and environments. The relationships are also used for the purpose of supporting awareness. Using a novel user collaboration facility, the relationships are visualized so that users can easily recognize other users and/or user groups having the same, slightly different, or very different views. Attributes of environment objects are discussed so that the mechanisms can be effectively utilized in computer-supported cooperative work settings such as distance presentations, virtual offices and virtual classrooms.

Event date： 1996.7

Language：English  

Venue：Sydney   Country：Canada  

Event date： 1995.9

Language：English  

Venue：London   Country：United Kingdom  

The paper describes a concept and facilities of the VIEW Classroom, a distance education system supporting interactions between a teacher and students. In a classroom a basic interaction between them is performed by questions and answers. In distributed education systems such an one-to-many interaction frequently implies difficulties in selecting by a teacher essential questions, and causes overload of a teacher and delays in the answering. The VIEW Classroom System provides a facility for the teacher to specify key phrases associated with locations of the teaching material. These phrases can be referred by students in their questions. A teacher can select essential students' problems from a list of questions ordered either by the predefined priority or by the frequency of questions. To avoid delays in answering questions the system provides a question support facility which makes possible to answer some questions automatically, by reusing previous answers to similar questions. The VIEW Classroom System provides a question accumulation mechanism and a graphical user interface.

Event date： 1993.12

Language：English  

Venue：Phoenix   Country：United States  

We describe data structures that allow efficient updates of materialized classes derived from relationship of classes in object bases. Materialization of derived classes reduces costs of retrievals and increases costs of updates. Costs of updates increase remarkably when several paths of objects derive the same object. If object bases satisfy the superkey condition proposed in this paper, consistencies of object bases are maintained by local navigations and the remarkable increase of the costs is avoided. Any object base can be transformed to satisfy the superkey condition by adding extra classes and their objects. In this manner, increasing redundancies allows efficient updates.

Event date： 1991.4

Language：English  

Venue：Kyoto   Country：Japan  

Redundant data for fast retrieval increase costs of updates in distributed multidatabase systems. In this paper, costs of updates are reduced by introducing further redundancies. Duplicate values - redundant data that are obtained from relationships of original values - must be updated to preserve their currency when original values are updated. To update duplicate values, relationships of original data are retrieved in order to determine which duplicate values must be updated. If a file with duplicate values satisfies the superkey condition introduced in this paper, we can perform the retrieval required for updates faster. Redundant data are added to a database site to satisfy the condition.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

A System for Extracting and Managing Geospatial Environmental Information Utilizing Human Probe
With the advent of wireless sensor nodes, we can create a system of environment monitoring in urban areas. Although variable sensors can be deployed densely in certain area, it is not cost effective to use sensors more than necessary. Instead of embedded sensors, we can utilize information emitted from walking people. Although the technique of localization is advanced, there still exists a location error. It brings a huge impact for mapping the data, especially in large scale. Based on the idea, we propose a system of extracting environmental information with considering degree of location error. In our system, we have extended WINFO+, previously developed system for broadcast personal sensed information, to overcome issues about a location error.

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

BS-14-6 Extracting a Pedestrian Mobility Model from the Real Traces

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Real-World Sensing in Urban Life
This article has no abstract.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

アドホックネットワークと電子タグを利用した位置推定システムの開発

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

B-20-30 Development of Localization System using Ad Hoc Networks and RFID

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

A Simulation Study of Human-Probe Approach for Urban Sensing
Portable sensory devices carried by humans-which are referred to as Human Probes-facilitate easy-to-use sensing and monitoring of urban areas. However, when each Human Probe individually senses and transmits information, the sensing is inefficient in terms of energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an architecture called Architecture of QUality-enhanced Information Blending and Aggregation (Aquiba), in which the sensing activities carried out by the Human Probes adaptively adjust under different conditions. Aquiba involves cooperative sensing that help in efficiently maintaining the desired sensing resolution while minimizing energy consumption. We study the performance of Aquiba by running simulations in which large-scale scenarios are considered along with a realistic movement pattern of Human Probes. The simulation results demonstrate that cooperative sensing is capable of providing the desired sensing resolution and reducing energy consumption.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Development and Experiment of Localization System using RFID

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Human Probes : Towards the Integration of Sensing in Human Activities
We introduce Human Probes, a novel approach to wide-scale sensing that considers the integration of sensing in human activities. The Human Probes approach leverages the ubiquity of mobile phones and allows mobile users to capture environmental and biological information as they go about their daily lives-working, playing, and moving (on foot, by car, by bike, or by public transport). This approach considers flows and activities of pedestrian crowds as well as various modes of their cooperation so as to complement and extend existing approaches. Furthermore, Human Probes can support urban sensing because they can provide a dynamic, easy-to-deploy sensing infrastructure in a complex urban environment where dense deployment of stationary sensing devices is not possible due to various physical and social constraints. We discuss relevant issues and research challenges to realize a meaningful socio-technical environment based on this approach.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

靴型ヒューマンプローブ実現に向けた圧力センサと加速度センサの適用可能性の検討

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Probing Stickの情報提示方法に関する検討

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

M-013 Information Presentation Methods for Probing Stick

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

M-010 Exploring the Uses of Pressure Sensors and Accelerometers for Footwear-Based Human Probes

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

BS-11-5 Impact of Mobility Models on Cooperative Sensing Human Probes

Language：English  

Country：Other  

Portable sensory devices carried by humans-which are referred to as Human Probes-facilitate easy-to-use sensing and monitoring of urban areas. In this demonstration, we developed a prototype of Aquiba sensing system from off-the-shelf mobile phone. Aquiba involves collaborative sensing that helps in achieving high-fidelity sensing while minimizing overall energy consumption. We validated the benefit of collaborative sensing through field experiments.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Estimating Congestion Levels from Bike-Ride Information

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Design of a paper map based navigation system for pedestrian

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Discussion of action recognition using a Bend Sensor

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

ヒューマンプローブ環境における情報品質

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Enabling Integrated Uses of Sensor Information in a Human Probes Environment

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

TScan : A Practical Implementation of Micro-Climate Networked Sensing

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

B-20-9 Information Quality in Human-Probe Environments

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

A Design of a Generating System of Dynamic Street-Based Image Flows utilizing Participatory Sensing Approach
We propose a dynamic mechanism for generating a series of relevant images along streets using user-submitted photos. Such a mechanism can provide users with personalized, contextually-relevant " street view "images. The proposed mechanism is based on a novel multi-dimensional index called KDRN-Tree (KDTree with Road Network), which can process a street-based retrieval query efficiently by considering a road network structure. We introduce KDRN-Tree, and describe its design and implementation in detail. The results of our experiments show that KDRN-Tree is more efficient than KDB-Tree, and that it is feasible to realize a dynamic mechanism for generating street-based image flows using KDRN-Tree.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

A Design of a Generating System of Dynamic Street-Based Image Flows utilizing Participatory Sensing Approach

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

ヒューマンプローブ技術を利用した動的ストリート画像フロー生成手法の提案

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

I-Tree: Supporting Spatial Time-Series Queries for Heterogeneous Sensor Data
This paper discusses retrieval of a massive amount of sensor data using an indexing mechanism called I-Tree. Based on a dimensionality reduction technique for time-series data, we introduce a symbolic extensible representation of spatial time series data, and use a relevant tree structure to manage spatial time series data efficiently. I-Tree facilitates analysis and detection of environmental phenomena using heterogeneous sensor data from multiple locations.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

I‐Tree:異種センサデータの統合利用を支援する複合型索引機構

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

RW-Link+: A Trial on Real-World-Thing Links Maintaining Relationships Among Them
Information of physical object is not linked and indexing like web world. Bacause of that, it is probably that we cannot find anything we need. Therefore, it is valuable that enabling to retrieve position of object and confirm how many what kind of things there are in an indoor space by physical objects construct links interactively. So, we constructed distributed physical objects management system, RW-Link+. By giving various information to things of the real world, RW-Link+ can keep a connection of things, and relationship between a thing and web world. In this paper, we present about implementation, experiment evaluation, future work of RW-Link+.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

RW-Link+ : A Trial on Real-World-Thing Links Maintaining Relationships

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

A Trial on Sensorized City

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Sensing Network : Opportunities and Challenges of Mobile Phone-Based Sensing Environments
多くの携帯電話にGPSやセンサが統合され，人々の日常生活に密着した，新たなネットワークセンシングの形態が出現しつつある．本稿では，携帯電話を用いたセンシングの可能性と課題を整理し，「実空間透視ケータイ」の事例に基づいて将来的な展望を示す

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

A Design of a Dynamic Mechanism for Generating Street-Based Image Flows Assuming the Availability of Photographs Taken with Mobile Devices
現在,Google Street Viewに代表される,写真を用いて仮想的に街を散策できるサービスが利用されている.しかしながら,ある定められた時間にのみ撮影された画像を用いる従来のサービスでは,季節,時間帯,個人の嗜好等,条件を考慮して多様な風景を画像を連続提示することができない.本論文では,条件に応じて適切な風景を再構成するサービスを実現するために,カメラ付きの携帯電話等を用いて集めた街の写真をデータベースに蓄積し,道路に沿って画像列を高速に検索できる動的ストリート画像フロー生成機構を提案する.一般に,多次元空間索引を用いれば,場所とそれ以外の属性値を指定して対応する写真を高速に検索することができる.しかし,従来のように幾何学的な分割に基づいてアクセスの効率化を行う索引手法を用いた場合,道路ネットワークのような実世界の構造に沿った問合せ要求を円滑に処理することが難しい.そこで我々は,道路ネットワークを考慮した索引手法であるKDRN-Tree(KD-Tree with Road Network)を提案する.KDRN-Treeは,道路ネットワークに対して形状正規化処理を施す一方で,KD-Treeの分割位置を道路境界にできるだけ近づけることで,道路に沿った問合せ要求を効率良く処理することができる.我々は,街中にて撮影した写真を実験データとし,問合せ処理の評価を行った.その結果,KDRN-Treeの有効性と実用的なシステムへの適応可能性を確認した.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

携帯端末で撮影した写真の利用を前提とする動的ストリート画像フロー生成機構の設計

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

近年,高性能カメラ,GPS受信機,地磁気センサ等を搭載する携帯電話が普及し,人々は,撮影時の位置情報や方向情報を伴った写真をいつでも容易に撮影可能となった.また,携帯電話網の発展により,撮影された写真は,ネットワークを通して瞬時に共有可能となった.特に,災害現場において,携帯電話カメラにより撮影された写真は,救助や避難誘導における現場状況の把握に有益な情報となる.しかしながら,多人数により撮影された膨大な写真から現場状況を迅速に把握することは困難である.そこで我々は,携帯電話を用いて多人数によって撮影された膨大な写真から現場状況を的確に把握可能な写真サマリー作成システムを提案する.本稿は提案システムの設計及びプロトタイプ実装について述べる.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

多人数による携帯カメラ撮影を利用した現場状況サマリー作成に関する研究

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

I-Tree: A Spatial Time-series Indexing Mechanism for Supporting Integrated Retrieval of Sensing Data
物理空間の各所に設置されたセンサのデータを統合的に検索し，適切なタイミングでユーザに情報やサービスを提供するためには，空間時系列データを高速に処理する必要がある．本論文では，大量の空間時系列データの高速な検索を可能にする空間時系列索引機構 I-Tree の構造と検索アルゴリズムについて述べ，人工的に生成した大量の人数計測データと市街地に設置した微気象センサのデータを用いた評価実験の結果を示す．I-Tree を用いれば，空間時系列問合せに対してユークリッド距離の近い系列を，従来手法よりも安定して高速に検索することができる．Fast and efficient retrieval of spatial time series data is indispensable for applications that must provide users with timely and relevant information and services using complex sensor data in the real world. This paper introduces an indexing mechanism called I-Tree, which allows for fast retrieval of a massive amount of spatial time-series data, and describes its structure and the search algorithms. We also discuss the results of our performance evaluation using a large amount of artificially-generated spatial time-series data as well as temperature data from micro-weather sensors deployed in a city. I-Tree allows for fast, Euclidean distance-based similarity search of spatial time-series under various conditions.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

I-Tree: A Spatial Time-series Indexing Mechanism for Supporting Integrated Retrieval of Sensing Data

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Supporting Intellectual Collaboration Using Network Context
人々の知識の相違や重なりを考慮して効果的にコラボレーションを支援するためには，従来のような場所，時間，プレゼンス等のコンテクストだけでなく，ソーシャルネットワークを含むコミュニティ構造に関連したコンテクストを体系的に考慮する必要がある．本稿では，研究者の学術的なコラボレーションを支援するコミュニティマッピングツールについて述べ，複数のネットワーク構造を考慮したコンテクストアウェアサービスの可能性を議論する．Understanding the differences and overlaps of users&#039; knowldege is important in systems that support intellectual collaboratoin. Therefore, it is desirable to capture and use community-relevant contexts such as social network structures as well as conventional contexts such as location, time, and presence. This paper describes a community mapping tool that provides context-aware services based on multiple network strucutures to support academic collaboration among researchers, and discusses the possibilities of novel context-aware services for supporting intelelctual collaboration.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Supporting Intellectual Collaboration Using Network Context
Understanding the differences and overlaps of users&#039; knowledge is important in systems that support intellectual collaboration. Therefore, it is desirable to capture and use community-relevant contexts such as social network structures as well as conventional contexts such as location, time, and presence. This paper describes a community mapping tool that provides context-aware services based on multiple network structures to support academic collaboration among researchers, and discusses the possibilities of novel context-aware services for supporting intellectual collaboration.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

情報爆発時代のセンサ情報処理

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Bluetoothによる人間関係取得時の行動認識を用いた省電力手法

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

B-15-15 Power Saving Method for Bluetooth Human Relationship Sensing using User Contest

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

5. Sensor Information Processing in the Info-plosion Era(<Special Section>Cyberphysical Information Processing Created in the Info-plosion Era)
通信ネットワークとしての意味を離れ,多くのセンサ情報を処理する機能としてセンサネットワークが広がりつつある.特殊なセンサの開発が必要とされたり,大掛かりな計測機器を必要とした領域に,コモディティセンサを適用することで容易に大量の情報収集が可能となってきている.これは,加速度信号を解析することにより得られる個人の行動や,個人の生体情報,携帯カメラによる画像などが挙げられる.こうしたコモディティセンサを利用したセンサネットワークで,個人の人間情報及び集合体としての環境情報を収集する場合のセンサ情報処理について述べる.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

コロケーションネットワークに基づく位置情報サービスの開発

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

D-4-1 Development of a Location-Based Service Based On Colocation Networks

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Bluetoothの近接性センサとしての性能評価

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

B-19-7 Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth as Proximity Sensor

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

A Control Method for Bluetooth Proximity Sensing using User Context
Bluetooth で近接性を取得する際，常時検索を行うことは消費電力やプライバシーの観点から適切ではない．そこで本研究では，取得した近接性から人間関係を推定するアプリケーションを前提として，スマートフォンに搭載されている他のセンサを用いることでユーザが静止して会話している場面を検出し，Bluetooth を起動する制御手法を提案する．Bluetooth has been used as a proximity sensor because of its feature: it can search nearby device within 10 meter. However, searching all the time consumes huge battery. In this paper, we introduce the Bluetooth controlling method that depends on user&#039;s context. We predict user&#039;s context using accelerometers and microphones on smartphone in the method. Finally, we show how much we can reduce power consumption.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

A Control Method for Bluetooth Proximity Sensing using User Context
Bluetooth has been used as a proximity sensor because of its feature: it can search nearby device within 10 meter. However, searching all the time consumes huge battery. In this paper, we introduce the Bluetooth controlling method that depends on user&#039;s context. We predict user&#039;s context using accelerometers and microphones on smartphone in the method. Finally, we show how much we can reduce power consumption.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

Enriching Participatory Sensing Environments through Scaffolding
人手を介して実世界の情報を収集する参加型センシング環境においては,人とセンサが一体となったセンシングシステムの能力が問題となる.本論文では,スカッフォールディングの概念に基づき,データ収集ツールに学習支援機構を統合することによってセンシングシステムの能力を高める手法について論ずる.我々は,文献調査とフィールドにおけるインフォーマルな観察に基づき,参加型センシングにおける参加者とツールの役割を吟味し,更にタブレット型のデータ収集ツールを開発し参加者の分散協調によるスカッフォールディングの可能性を探るための初歩的な実験を行った.これに基づき,参加型センシング環境におけるスカッフォールディングフレームワークの可能性について議論する.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

スカッフォールディングによる参加型センシング環境の強化

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Crowd-powered mechanisms for viewing and imagining public spaces
© 2014. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press.Crowdsourcing allows one to collect information from a large number of citizens relatively easily, thereby creating an opportunity to provide a novel technological means to view and imagine the city, complementing conventional geovisualization and urban simulation games. We postulate that the inflexibility of existing crowdsourcing frameworks can impose inherent limitations in terms of the imaginability of the city, and propose citizensourcing, which augments crowdsourcing with the mechanisms for supporting exploration and active participation in order to address the limitations. We then describe our experiences with the smartphone-based prototypes of the mechanisms, and discuss their implications for the design of citizensourcing environments.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

混雑センシングツールキット

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

災害情報の収集において,インターネットやスマートフォン上のツールを活用する機会が増えている.しなしながら,従来のツールは主として目視と手入力による災害情報の共有を支援するものであり,リアルタイム性および信頼性の高い有用情報を継続的に収集することは難しい.本稿では,市民がクラウドソーシングによる情報収集とオープンソースハードウェア/ソフトウェアに基づくセンサネットワークを手軽に活用して有用な災害情報を収集することができるツールキットを提案する.また,公共交通機関および街中の混雑状況の把握や,市街地の浸水状況の把握を例にとって,本ツールキットの有用性を議論する.

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

災害情報の収集を支援するクラウドソーシングツールキットの開発

Language：Japanese  

Country：Japan  

モバイル端末が創出する位置情報の利用に対するユーザー意識の質的調査

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

Language：English  

Country：Japan  

In recent years, the presence of ubiquitous computing has increasingly integrated into the lives of people in modern society. As these technologies become more pervasive, new opportunities open for making citizens' environments more comfortable, convenient, and efficient. Enriching Urban Spaces with Ambient Computing, the Internet of Things, and Smart City Design is a pivotal reference source for the latest scholarly material on the interaction between people and computing systems in contemporary society, showcasing how ubiquitous computing influences and shapes urban environments. Highlighting the impacts of these emerging technologies from an interdisciplinary perspective, this book is ideally designed for professionals, researchers, academicians, and practitioners interested in the influential state of pervasive computing within urban contexts.

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高等学校におけるラーニングアナリティックスに基づいた授業の試行
[第42回 教育システム情報学会 全国大会 = The 42nd Annual Coference of JSISE] 会期: 2017年8月23日-25日, 主催: 一般社団法人 教育システム情報学会, 会場: 北九州国際会議場近年、学習管理システム等に蓄積された学習活動ログ、成績や授業評価アンケートなどデータを横断的に分析するなど、ラーニングアナリティックスが注目されている。本稿では九州大学におけるラーニングアナリティックス研究の知見を高等学校における授業へ試行的に平行展開した実施事例について紹介する。

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Lecture Support based on Real‐time Learning Analytics

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Lecture Support based on Real-time Learning Analytics

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Br-MAP: Concept map system using e-book logs
© 2018 IADIS Press. All Rights Reserved. This preliminary study developed the concept map tool “BR-Map” using learning logs on eBook viewer, and investigated the relationships between self-regulated learning (SRL) awareness, learning behaviors (usage of BR-Map, and one-minute paper and report submission), and learning performance. Psychometric data and learning logs were collected in the lecture course, and their relationships were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis. The results indicated that awareness of intrinsic value, use of cognitive learning strategies, and self-regulation had significant correlations with the usage of BR-Map. The awareness of cognitive learning strategies had significant correlation with standard deviation of one-minute paper submission hours. With regard to relationships between the BR-Map usage and learning behaviors, the relationships between the usage of BR-Map and one-minute paper submissions, which was a regularly weekly assigned task, were found.

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ラーニングアナリティクス 2)大学における全学規模のラーニングアナリティクス
九州大学ではラーニングアナリティクス（LA）による教育学習の分析・改善が可能なM2B（みつば）と呼ばれるシステムを導入し，全学規模で運用を行っている．本稿では，大学におけるLAの1つの事例として，M2Bシステムについて概説する．M2Bシステムにおいては，データに基づく教育学習の改善を支援するために，学習ログデータを集約・可視化する機能を教育学習支援ツールに埋め込み，教師や学習者にデータに基づくフィードバックを提供している．本稿ではデータに基づくフィードバックの具体例を示し，そうした方法によって効果的に教育・学習の改善を行うために考慮すべきいくつかの点についても議論する．

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Comparative Analysis of Adaptive Learning Path Recommendation Algorithms

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Relationships between Collaborative Problem Solving, Learning Performance and Learning Behavior in Science Education
© 2018 IEEE. This study was designed to identify correlations between students&#039; awareness of Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) and learning performance and learning behavior in science education. The topic of the course was Genetic Diseases which was implemented in a twelfth-grade class. To assess the effectiveness of this instructional design, and to find out potential factors that affect the using of CPS skills, multiple data sources including learning test scores, questionnaire feedback, and learning logs were analyzed. First, results indicated significant improvements in students&#039; knowledge acquisition and awareness of Participation and Learning and Knowledge Building in CPS during the course. Furthermore, when we investigated the correlations between CPS awareness and learning performance and learning behavior, the findings indicated significant positive correlations between students&#039; learning motivation and their awareness of CPS processes. However, there were negative correlations found between certain learning behavior factors with CPS awareness and learning motivation factors respectively.

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高齢者向け学習支援システムのためのデュアルタブレット・ユーザインタフェースの提案と実現

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自学学習中における脳波・視線の同時計測・分析システムの開発

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本研究では講義資料のページ毎の難易度を分析する新たなアプローチを提案する．分析対象としてデジタル教科書システムで配信されている講義資料を用いる．デジタル教科書システムではページの移動操作に加えページのブックマークやマーカーといった操作ログも記録される．今回は14回の講義中(1回90分)に収集されたデジタル教科書の操作ログを使用し，456人の学生からなる計110,894電子書籍操作ログを分析した．本研究では操作ログからページ毎に6種類の特徴量を計算し，分類モデルを作成した．最終的にそのモデルに対して10分割の交差検証によって921ページに関しての評価を行った．本論文では提案手法の詳細について述べ，評価結果を報告する．

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Learning path recommendation in university environments based on sequence mining
Learning path recommendation system efficiently guides learners by constructing appropriate learning sequences from recommended learning materials to reach their goals. However, supporting active learning in the learning path recommendation systems for university environments is different from conventional mechanisms for recommending relevant online courses such as MOOCs. This paper analyzed different learning path patterns of students at Kyushu University and discussed the challenges to recommend appropriate learning sequence in university learning environments. Then we proposed an approach to address the challenges by designing a learning path recommendation mechanism based on sequence mining.

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高齢者向け学習支援システムためのUIプロトタイプ開発と実験

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学習中の生理応答同時計測による「学びのつまずき」推定システム開発

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Venue：Online   Country：Japan  

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Venue：ザ浜名湖＋オンライン   Country：Japan  

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Development of a Network Database Design Support System
データベースにおける問題として，意味制約の保持と質問処理の効率化がある．ネットワーク構造に基づくデータベースシステムは，リンクでデータ間の対応を表しており，スキーマ設計では，構造の表す制約と質問処理の容易さを同時に考慮しなければならない．本稿では，従属性制約の保持し質問を効率よく処理できるネットワークデータベースを設計するための支援システムの開発について述べる．質問の処理効率は，質問に必要なデータの対応を容易に求めるための冗長なデータの付加によって向上する．このようなデータに対しては，従属性制約を保持を保持するための管理を要する．即ち，処理効率と冗長性の管理のトレードオフが重要な問題となる．本システムでは，質問処理とネットワーク構造の適合性のいくつかのクラスに基づき，この問題に対処している．There are two problems of databases, preserving semantic constraints and query processing efficiency. In database systems based on the network structure, we should consider both of the dependency constraints expressed by the structures and query processing efficiency at the database design stage. In this paper we discuss development of a system to support the design of network databases which preserve dependencies and process queries efficiently. Query processing efficiency is improved by adding redundant data to get the correspondence of data for the query easily. We have to manage these data to preserve dependencies. Thus the trade-off between query processing and management of redundancy becomes an important problem. The system deals with problem using classes of suitability of network structures for query processing.

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Improvement of a Network Structure for Data Updates and Its Evaluation
ネットワーク構造は,リンクでデータ間の1対多の対応を表現しており,データベースの効率よい物理構造である.一般に,データベース設計時に従属性制約を考慮することで,データの冗長性を削減でき,更新時の制約保持を容易に行うことができる.ネットワーク構造では,構造が従属性制約を表現しており,かつ,検索処理効率も構造に依存しているため,両者を考えた設計が必要である.一般に,従属性制約を考慮して設計した構造に,冗長な構造を加えることで,検索処理効率もよい構造にすることが可能である.しかし,更新処理効率については,冗長な構造に,対応する部分のデータ更新を反映させねばならず,オーバヘッドが増加する.本稿では, このオーバヘッドをできる限り小さく抑えるための方法を提案している.オーバヘッドが大きくなるのは,冗長な構造に,対応する部分での更新が常に反映されるとは限らない場合であり,更新を反映するか否かを決定するための検索処理が必要となる.これを避けるため,冗長な部分に対応する構造のキーを含むレコード型により,冗長なレコード型への更新反映を管理する方法と,経路の重複を数え上げておき,同様の管理を行う方法とを提案し,両者の特性について述べる.