九州大学-研究者情報 [瀬口典子 (准教授) 比較社会文化研究院環境変動部門]

人体と自然・文化環境との関連：

人類集団の近縁関係や集団の歴史を検討するために、遺伝によってのみ伝わり、自然選択の影響を受けない中立的な頭蓋骨形態を抽出する
人類の生存戦略や進化を考えるために、環境に適応して変化する頭蓋骨形態を抽出する
Isolation by Distance モデルの考察

四肢骨プロポーション・ボディプロポーションと環境要因との相関関係
A study of postcranial indices, ratios and body mass versus eco-geographical variables in an assessment of phenotypic adaptation to climatic conditions

キーワード：頭蓋骨形態　中立的形態　自然選択
2009.06～2014.12.

人類の拡散・移動と集団の歴史研究

北アメリカ初期先住民と北東アジア先史集団との近縁性の研究
ブラジル初期先住民と北東アジア集団との近縁性の研究
9400年前のケネウイックマンと縄文人、その子孫であるアイヌとの近縁関係を探る研究
ヨーロッパ新石器時代人・青銅器時代人・現代ヨーロッパ人の形成・拡散史
トルコ周辺の人々の多様性と拡散史
モンゴル・フン族の多様性と拡散史　
　　　

キーワード：生物人類学　頭蓋骨計測値　人類の多様性　人類集団の歴史　
2000.04～2015.12.

従事しているプロジェクト研究

先住民族研究形成に向けた人類学と批判的社会運動を連携する理論の構築
2020.04～2025.03, 代表者：太田好信, 九州大学
本研究は、①（自然人類学と文化人類学との両方を包含する広義の）人類学とこれまで分断されてきた批判的社会運動との間に、公共哲学を媒
介として新しい連携を構想、②日本において萌芽的状態にある先住民族研究（Indigenous Studies、Native Studies）という研究領域と海外の
先住民族研究との間でのネットワーク形成を促進、③この研究領域を日本の公共空間においても意味のある探究として根付かせるために必要な
政治・哲学理論と倫理の構築を目指す。.

新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型) 集団の拡散と文明形成に伴う遺伝的多様性と身体的変化の解明
2019.07～2023.07, 代表者：瀬口典子, 九州大学大学院比較社会文化研究院, 長崎大学熱帯医学研究所、日本大学松戸歯学部、北里大学大学院医療系研究科生体構造学、東邦大学医学部、名古屋大学情報学研究科、愛知医科大学医学部、東京大学大学院理学系研究科生物科学
本研究は集団の拡散・移動と文明形成に伴う身体形質の適応過程と遺伝的多様性の変化を解明することを目的とする。考古学班との密接な連携と共同研究に基づき、形質人類学的データ、遺伝子、AncientDNA を用い、日本列島を含むアジア地域から、アメリカ大陸、オセアニアへの人々の拡散のタイミングや経路、拡散後も常に流動的である集団内と集団間での人々の遺伝子の流動、集団内での遺伝的浮動といった集団の歴史(Human population structure and history)を解明する。そして、各地域での身体形質、人口構造と人口動態、寄生虫・感染症を含む健康状態を推定し、また、人類に新天地への移動を可能にした認知能力と拡散に関連する適応候補遺伝子を明らかにする。そのために、【A】形質人類学と遺伝子による統合研究、【B】心理学と遺伝学の融合研究という２方向からのアプローチを採用する。【A】においては、（1）人骨の高精度の3 次元表面形態データ、および次世代シーケンサによる人類のDNA 解析結果を用いてユーラシアからアメリカ大陸、オセアニアへの人類の拡散と集団の歴史を復元する。（2）人類は拡散の過程で異なる気候地域で身体を適応させてきた可能性があることから、拡散した各地域での身体形質およびその多様性を形質人類学的に解明する。（3）気候変動は、食料資源を変化させ、居住域の変化に伴う人口サイズの変化をひき起こし、その結果感染症など人類の健康状態に極めて大きな影響を与えてきた。そこで、骨形態から健康指標および人口構造・人口動態を推定し、次世代シーケンサ解析をもちいて寄生虫感染症とウイルス／細菌感染症を解析する。以上の結果から（a）農耕の開始、国家形成や都市化などの文明形成に伴う食生活や栄養状態の変化、感染症の流行、人口構造・人口動態の変動、身体形質の変化を復元し、（b）コロンブス来航以来の古代都市文明の衰退とその要因の解明を目指す。【B】においては、モデル動物を用いて新奇性探索遺伝子を抽出し、それを基にして人類を拡散と移動に導いた人類の探索行動や認知傾向に関係する遺伝子多型を明らかにし、人類集団の文化形成に関わった遺伝子を分析する。.

新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型) 出ユーラシアの統合的人類史学：文明創出メカニズムの解明
2019.07～2023.07, 代表者：松本直子, 岡山大学, 岡山大学文明動態学研究センター、九州大学比較社会文化研究院、京都大学人間・環境学研究科、国立民族学博物館、理化学研究所、東京大学総合研究博物館、南山大学人類学研究所、国立歴史民俗博物館
人間が物理的に生み出す物質、人間の身体、それらの相互作用の中核にあって文化を生み出す心という３つの視座の下に、出ユーラシアを果たしたホモ・サピエンスの最終到達地域であるアメリカ大陸・日本・オセアニアを対象として、各地域で相互に独立して展開した文明形成期の物質文化に焦点を当て、ヒトに特異的なニッチ（生態的地位）がいかに形成されてきたかを検討する。身体を介した物質と心の相互浸潤モデルに基づく学際的研究により、人工的環境構築によって人間の心、身体、社会がどのように変わったかを分析し、文明を生み出す人間の特異性と文明創出メカニズムを解明する。物質／心、自然／文化、普遍性／多様性といった二元論的見方を超えた新しい研究領域「統合的人類史学」を構築する。.

科研基盤B 先住民の視点からグローバル・スタディーズを再構築する領域横断研究
2018.07～2021.03, 代表者：池田光穂, 大阪大学
本研究は、日本と海外を研究対象地域として、先住民が実践している(1)「遺骨や副葬品等の返還運動」、博物館における先住民による文化提示の際の敬意への要求といった(2)「文化復興運動」、および先住民アイデンティティの復興のシンボルとなった(3)「先住民言語教育運動」という、３つの大きなテーマの現状を探ることにより、これまでのグローバル・スタディーズにおける先住民の位置づけの再構築をめざす。これらの現象は、世界の均質化が引き起こすグローバル化現象とは異なり、グローバル化現象が先住民をして自らのアイデンティティを再定義し、国民国家が求める同化政策に抗して、言語的文化的多様性を担保しつつ、国家との連携や和解を求める動きとして捉えられる。この研究の成果が明らかになると、グローバル文脈のなかで、先住民をエージェンシーと捉えることが可能になり、実践者としての研究者が先住民とのモラルコミットメントの枠組みが変化することが期待できる。そして先住民による先住民ための学としての新しい「先住民学」の教育の場をデザインできるようなカリキュラム作成をその実践目標とする。.

Health, Disease, and Lifestyle in Asia: Global History of Health Project
2017.10～2023.08, 代表者：Prof. Clark S. Larsen, Ohio State University, USA. Prof. Hong Zhu, Jilin University, China, Ohio State University, USA. Jilin University, China, Jilin University (China)
Ohio State University (USA)
Texas A&M University (USA).

3D data acquisition for bioarchaeology, forensic anthropology, archaeological contexts　（Book Project)
2017.09～2019.05, 代表者：Noriko Seguchi、Beatrix Dudzik, and Anna M. Prentiss, Kyushu University, University of Montana, Missoula, Japan, USA.

科研（S)「人種化のプロセスとメカニズムに関する複合的研究」　　
2016.06～2021.03, 代表者：竹沢泰子, 京都大学人文科学研究所.

Practical reality of taking semi-landmark data on archaeological human remains
2015.09～2018.03, 代表者：Noriko Seguchi, Kyushu University, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Japan
近年の3次元テクノロジーの進歩は目覚しく、生物人類学の幾何学的形態計測に大きなインパクトを与えてきた。3次元計測デジタイザーのマイクロスクライブはランドマークやセミランドマークデータを取得するのにすぐれた機器であるが、骨に直接触れるこの方法はいくつもの問題をはらんでいる。例えば、保存状態の悪い骨の湾曲面上でセミランドマークを取るときに骨を傷つけてしまう可能性がある。加えて、考古学的人骨コレクションからデータを取る際にはそのコレクションを管理しているキュレーターによってデータ収集法に制限がかかることが多々ある。このプロジェクトでは脆い考古学的人骨、特に日本のケースにおいて、セミランドマークデータをとるためのよりよいの方法を提言したい。このプロジェクトのために我々は上顎歯槽骨の湾曲線とこれまで使われてきたランドマークを選んだ。日本の考古学的人骨の3次元バーチャルモデル上でストラトバン・チェックポイント　プログラムで湾曲線データと3次元のコーディネートデータを取った。比較として、同様のデータを現代日本人人骨からマイクロスクライブで取った。このプロジェクトではマイクロスクライブとストラトバンプログラムによるデータ収集法の有効性を比べる。しかし、湾曲線データをマイクロスクライブで骨から直接取る方法は困難を伴う。このプロジェクトでは、ストラトバン・チェックポイントプログラムを使って人骨のヴァーチャルモデルから湾曲線データを収集する方法は、１）最大幅、最大長に相当するランドマークを決定するのにより有効であり、２）バーチャルモデルでその湾曲線データの質を確認し、必要であれば調整できるという点において非常に有効であるということを実証する。.

人種表象の日本型グローバル研究
2010.06～2015.03, 代表者：竹沢泰子, 京都大学人文科学研究所
生物学的概念としての「人種」の実在性が否定されて久しい。だが、なぜ人種差別は一向に解消の兆しが見えないのだろうか。従来の欧米主導の研究は、皮膚の色などの視覚表象に着目してきた。だが、日本やアジアでは、視覚表象だけでなく、非視覚表象も差別を作り出している。また急速なグローバル化により、複数の文化的背景をもつ子どもたちが日本国内でも増えている。本プロジェクトの主な目的は次の2 点である。
人種の視覚表象だけでなく、「血」のイデオロギー等の非視覚表象をも検証し、人種の社会的リアリティが構築されるメカニズムを解明する。さらに、日本やアジアの事例と欧米の事例を接合させながら、そこに通底する人種表象の仕組みを検証する。
科学表象について、公衆衛生や社会政策との関連において人種をめぐる学知がどのように動員されたかを歴史的に検証するとともに、現代のゲノム研究における集団のラベリングの問題にも目を向ける。
いずれの研究も、本研究の代表者・分担研究者・連携研究者・研究協力者が分野横断的な国際共同研究を行い、その成果を国際的に発信する。同時に、国内においても、日本における人種やマイノリティ集団に対する偏見、差別をめぐる問題の解明に寄与する。（京都大学　科研費S、代表竹沢泰子HPから）.

3次元分析による古人骨上顎歯槽骨形態の時代変化の研究
2014.09～2015.03, 代表者：瀬口典子, 九州大学大学院比較社会文化研究院, 九州大学教育研究プログラム・研究拠点形成プロジェクト　（Ｐ＆Ｐ）.

研究業績

主要著書

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1.	Noriko Seguchi, Beatrix Dudzik, Mary-Margaret Murphy, Anna Prentiss, Kengo Ohno, Yoshinori Kawakubo, Shiori, Yonemoto, Stefan Schlager, Will Archer, Darya Presnyakova, ３D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology, Academic Press, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02320-0, 2019.06, 3D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology serves as a guide for students and researchers that are interested in the use of geometric morphometric analyses in forensic and bioarcheological contexts. Digitizing and imaging methods that allow for the collection of three-dimensional (3D) data have vastly expanded and improved analytical methods for exploring shape and morphological diversification. The 3D approach is becoming a significant toolkit in biological/forensic anthropology and archaeology as the application of geometric morphometrics to the study of the human skeleton allows for in-depth analysis of morphological variation in several dimensions simultaneously. Simply put, these approaches allow for examination of skeletal dimensions outside of the vertical and horizontal planes that are used in traditional studies of skeletal metrics. The chapters provided in this book offer clear definitions and explanations of different types of 3D data, to include 3D digitizer, landmarks and semilandmarks, scan data derived from 3D scanners, CT, and digital mesh models created from scan data. Craniofacial data acquisition and data analysis is the main focus of this text, but a brief tutorial on data acquisition and analysis of lithic artifacts is also provided. We offer best-practices of data acquisition methods for recording landmark and semi-landmark data on human crania, to include fragile archaeological human remains. The reader’s understanding of geometric morphometrics will be enriched by descriptions and tutorials on the technology used for virtual model processing protocols, alignment methods, data acquisition techniques, basic technological protocols, and variations in research design within different subfields of biological anthropology and archaeology..
2.	Noriko Seguchi, Mary-Margaret Murphy, Shiori Yonemoto, Chapter Six-Validity Assessment : Validity testing of mixed data by multiple devices, methods, and observers in "3D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology", Academic Press, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02320-0, Pages 103-130, 2019.06, This chapter will outline validity testing of the use of mixed data, where a sample is comprised of 3D data collected using more than one methodology. It examines intraobserver error between landmark data acquisition using a Microscribe and landmark data acquisition using the program Stratovan Checkpoint (Stratovan Corporation, Davis, CA) on 3D mesh models. This chapter discusses whether these two types of landmark data can be combined together, and it concludes that landmark data have a sufficiently low “margin of error” under a well-designed experiment. It also discusses the observation that semilandmark data have a significant observer error on the “difficult to capture” curve of crania collected using Microscribe. This chapter demonstrates that the difficulty of visualization and collection using Microscribe is markedly higher and when compared with the virtual data collection method, virtual data collection results in a truer, more accurate set of data for analysis..
3.	Mary-Margaret Murphy, Noriko Seguchi, Chapter Two - Digital model sample—Scanning and processing protocol in "3D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology ", Academic Press, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02320-0, Pages 17-45, 2019.06, This chapter is a brief introduction to the virtual environment for working with three-dimensional data. The chapter will introduce terminology, software and file formats, various alignment methods, surface scanner data collection, a discussion of source of error on data collection on surface scan, and processing of the mesh model. Software topics include open source software and commercial software for model processing and data management. Because the methods of data capture and model processing varies between technologies and different equipment, this chapter also discusses how to capture surface data in cross-compatible formats, data management, processing mesh data, cleaning data, and decimation of the data for open source software and commercial software. To tie this together for research design, this chapter also suggests “workflow” for surface scan data collection for the beginners, as well as model processing protocols..
4.	Noriko Seguchi, Beatrix Dudzik, Mary-Margaret Murphy, Anna M. Prentiss, Chapter One - Introduction in "3D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology ", Academic Press, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02320-0, Pages 1-16, 2019.06, This introduction covers the following topics: the history of various scanned data and three-dimensional (3D) technologies within biological anthropology, which includes bioarchaeology, forensic anthropology, paleoanthropology, archaeology, and medical sciences, as well as the benefits of 3D projects and collaboration. This introduction advocates for the advantages researchers can derive from making collaborative efforts such as sharing, combining data sets, and cooperating remotely. It also outlines the contents of each chapter contained in this text..
5.	Beatrix Dudzik, Noriko Seguchi and Anna M. Prentiss, Chapter Nine - Conclusions in "3D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology ", Academic Press, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02320-0, Pages 175-180, 2019.06, The Conclusions chapter provides a summary of the content themes throughout each of the chapters in the text. It provides context regarding how the various types of 3D data can be used to answer research questions and briefly summarizes examples and case studies used in the text. This final chapter also highlights the potentials of interdisciplinary collaborations using 3D technology within the fields of biological anthropology and archeology..
6.	瀬口典子, ライアン　シュミット, 皮膚色と頭蓋骨形態からみたヒトの多様性　　『人種神話を解体する』　第二巻　科学と社会の知, 東京大学出版会, 第２巻　第八章、p２１５ー２４２, 2016.11, 本論文ではヒトの多様性と構築された「人種」との関係について論じている。ヒトの多様性のなかでは最も可視的な皮膚色と頭蓋骨形態を選んだ。皮膚色は紫外線の強さに相関し、勾配を持って連続的に分布しており、頭蓋骨形態は環境適応とは関係しておらず、中立的な形質であることを示した。皮膚色と頭蓋骨形態は互いに独立した形質であり、形質の多様性、分布はそれぞれ異なったパターンを示すことを明らかにした。　ヒトの諸形質を一般化して、カテゴリカルに分類した人種概念は生物学的には無効であることを示した。.
7.	C. Loring Brace, Noriko Seguchi, A.R. Nelson, Q. Pan, Hideyuki Umeda, M. Wilson, M.L. Brace, The Ainu and Jomon Connection, Texas A & M Press, USA, Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton. Edited by Douglas W. Owsley and Richard L. Jantz. Texas A&M Press, College Station. pp.463-471., 2014.09, When the craniofacial dimensions of the 9300-year-old Kennewick specimen from the southern part of the State of Washington are compared to ancient and recent human craniofacial samples from both sides of the Pacific Ocean, it is clear that Kennewick is more closely related to the earliest inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere than the latter are to its immediate pre-Columbian residents. Not only that, Kennewick clearly ties more closely to the recent Ainu of Japan and coastal northeast Asia and to their evident ancestors — the prehistoric Jōmon — than to any other population. The Jōmon, as the direct descendants of the Paleolithic inhabitants of northeast Asia, have an antiquity greater than that of the first inhabitants of the New World. The planked-canoe technology that the Ainu inherited from their Jōmon forebears allowed them to make use of deep-sea mammals and fish, and it also provided the capability of the Jōmon to spread across the coast of Beringia and down the western edge of the Americas more than 12,500 years ago on the one hand, and, more recently, out into Oceania as the first inhabitants of Polynesia on the other. With the melting of the Late Pleistocene glaciers providing an ice-free corridor between the North American Laurentide and Cordilleran ice masses, Jōmon-derived people, aided by the use of birch-bark canoes, could come from the Beringian north and spread east across the swamp-lake-and-stream country to the south of the melting glaciers. Craniofacial data clearly show that subsequent entrants into the Western Hemisphere did not have the same Asian roots as the first or Jōmon-derived arrivals..
8.	瀬口典子　 (eds.) 中條利一郎, 酒井英男, 石田肇, アメリカから見た鎌倉：ブレースのアイヌ・サムライ説, 臨川書店, pp. 258-280, 2011.09, 1989年に、ミシガン大のローリング・ブレイス教授らは「Reflections on the Face of Japan」という論文をAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropologyに発表した。この論文で、ブレイスらは、鎌倉の材木座・極楽寺付近から出土した1333年の鎌倉攻めの犠牲者人骨の歯のサイズと頭蓋骨計測データを用いて、鎌倉武士はアイヌと近縁であるという説を唱え、アメリカで注目を集めた。この論文ではブレイスの頭蓋骨計測データを使い、Rマトリックスから計算した生物学的距離を基にした系統樹、Relthford-Blangero法など新しい手法を使って再分析した。頭蓋骨計測値と歯冠計測値の多量変解析、Relethford-Blangero法の結果から、鎌倉時代人は多様性の高い集団であることがわかった。　総合的にみて、関東鎌倉時代人には同時代のアイヌの影響の強い東国人集団の遺伝子が流入している可能性が示唆される。.
9.	瀬口典子　　上野千鶴子、宮台真司　他, ｢科学的｣保守派言説を斬る！：生物学的人類学の視点から見た性差論争　　バックラッシュ！なぜジェンダーフリーは叩かれたのか？, バックラッシュ！なぜジェンダーフリーは叩かれたのか？　pp.310-339, 2006.06.
10.	ブレース・ローリング, 瀬口典子　　竹沢泰子編, 人種は生物学的に有効な概念ではない, 人文書院, 人種概念の普遍性を問う。 (ed) 竹沢泰子　　pp．437-467, 2005.10.

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1.	窪田幸子、＠太田好信、松田素二、加藤博文、岸上伸啓、＠瀬口典子, 日本文化人類学会第56回研究大会倫理委員会特別シンポジウム「『アイヌ民族に関する研究倫理指針（案）』から考える、文化人類学の過去と未来にむけての展望」, 文化人類学, doi.org/10.14890/jjcanth.87.2, 87, 2, 336-340, 2022.09.
2.	James Frances Loftus III, Noriko Seguchi, Visualizing Variability in Ceramic Micro-Curvature though Novel 3D Morphometric Mapping and Sliced Segmental Extraction, Journal of computer applications in archaeology, http://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.89, 5, 1, 57-77, 2022.08, [URL], In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) outline-based morphometric analysis has begun to be the standard means of shape analysis in the study of ceramics. Despite the ever-increasing repertoire of three-dimensional (3D) ceramic data available to researchers, due to challenges in utilizing landmark-based geometric morphometrics on ceramics, many contemporary studies are forced to rely on 2D outlines, which account for only a small degree of shape variance. Consequently, notions of intra-vessel variance cannot be thoroughly extrapolated, and as such, important themes such as morphogenesis during the production process have not been thoroughly examined. By contrast, the present project utilizes a method derived from high-resolution 3D scans combining “morphometric mapping” and “sliced segmental extraction” to visualize previously unrecognized variability in the micro-curvature of full vessels. This method does not require homologous landmarks, but rather, employs a multistage approach that allows for several stages of analysis that can be adjusted to each given research project, and thus has the potential to elucidate idiosyncratic variability during the morphogenesis process..
3.	Martine Robbeets, Remco Bouckaert, Matthew Conte, Alexander Savelyev, Tao Li, Deog-Im An, Ken-ichi Shinoda, Yinqiu Cui, Takamune Kawashima, Geonyoung Kim, Junzo Uchiyama, Joanna Dolińska, Sofia Oskolskaya, Ken-Yōjiro Yamano, Noriko Seguchi, Hirotaka Tomita, Hiroto Takamiya, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hiroki Oota, Hajime Ishida, Ryosuke Kimura, Takehiro Sato, Jae-Hyun Kim, Bingcong Deng, Rasmus Bjørn, Seongha Rhee25, Kyou-Dong Ahn, Ilya Gruntov, Olga Mazo, John R. Bentley, Ricardo Fernandes, Patrick Roberts, Ilona R. Bausch, Linda Gilaizeau, Minoru Yoneda, Mitsugu Kugai3, Raffaela A. Bianco, Fan Zhang, Marie Himmel, Mark J. Hudson & Chao Ning, Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages, Nature, doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04108-8, 2021.11, The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages—that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic—is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history1–3. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements4,5. Here we address this question by ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including a comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary; an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic–Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia; and a collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional ‘pastoralist hypothesis’6–8, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking considerable progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture..
4.	Seguchi N, Quintyn CB., A craniofacial and postcranial survey of North and South American inhabitants from the perspective of possible Old World ancestors., Proceedings of an International Conference in Mexico, February 27-28, 2020. Landscape, Monuments, Arts, and Rituals Out of Eurasia in Bio-Cultural Perspectives. (eds. Matsumoto N. Sugiyama S. Gracia-Des Lauriers C.), 141-154, ISBN:978-4-910223-04-9, 978-4-910223-05-6., 2021.04, This study aims to shed light on early migration to the Americas and the population history of inhabitants in the Americas, and evolutionary trends in climatic adaptation using skeletal remains from the American continents, with geographically diverse skeletal samples from East Asia including the Japanese archipelago, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, Oceania, Africa, and Europe. Cluster analysis (the neighbor-joining method) was applied based on biological distances generated by R matrices from craniofacial metric data in order to explore migration to the Americas and investigate population history and structure. We also explored climatic adaptation using body proportions and an index generated from postcranial measurements by principal component analysis and non-parametric regression analysis. The Jomon of Japan display craniofacial similarity to Paleoindian/Paleoamericans and Archaic Americans. Moreover, the Jomon and the inhabitants of North and South America display relatively “wider” body breadths as cold-derived adaptation. All results suggest that the ancestors of the Jomon were the Late Pleistocene inhabitants of the northeastern and eastern coasts of Asia and further west, with some moving to the Japanese Archipelago and others moving to the New World as “the initial settlers" and they might be biologically related to some of the New World inhabitants..
5.	Noriko Seguchi, Conrad B. Quintyn, Shiori Yonemoto, Hirofumi Takamuku, An assessment of postcranial indices, ratios, and body mass versus eco-geographical variables of prehistoric Jomon, Yayoi agriculturalists, and Kumejima Islanders of Japan, American Journal of Human Biology, 10.1002/ajhb.23015, 29, 5, 2017.09, [URL], Objectives: We explore variations in body and limb proportions of the Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,000–2500 BP), the Yayoi agriculturalists (2500–1700 BP) of Japan, and the Kumejima Islanders of the Ryukyus (1600–1800 AD) with 11 geographically diverse skeletal postcranial samples from Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America using brachial-crural indices, femur head-breadth-to-femur length ratio, femur head-breadth-to-lower-limb-length ratio, and body mass as indicators of phenotypic climatic adaptation. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that variation in limb proportions seen in Jomon, Yayoi, and Kumejima is a complex interaction of genetic adaptation; development and allometric constraints; selection, gene flow and genetic drift with changing cultural factors (i.e., nutrition) and climate. METHODS: The skeletal data (1127 individuals) were subjected to principle components analysis, Manly's permutation multiple regression tests, and Relethford-Blangero analysis. RESULTS: The results of Manly's tests indicate that body proportions and body mass are significantly correlated with latitude, and minimum and maximum temperatures while limb proportions were not significantly correlated with these climatic variables. Principal components plots separated “climatic zones:” tropical, temperate, and arctic populations. The indigenous Jomon showed cold-adapted body proportions and warm-adapted limb proportions. Kumejima showed cold-adapted body proportions and limbs. The Yayoi adhered to the Allen-Bergmann expectation of cold-adapted body and limb proportions. Relethford-Blangero analysis showed that Kumejima experienced gene flow indicated by high observed variances while Jomon experienced genetic drift indicated by low observed variances. CONCLUSIONS: The complex interaction of evolutionary forces and development/nutritional constraints are implicated in the mismatch of limb and body proportions..
6.	Ryan W. Schmidt, Noriko Seguchi, Craniofacial variation of the Xiongnu Iron Age nomads of Mongolia reveals their possible origins and population history, Quaternary International, 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.035, 405, 110-121, 2016.06, [URL], This paper examines Iron Age Mongolia during a time when nomadic tribes created the world's first steppe empire in Inner Asia. These aggregated tribes, known as Xiongnu (3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD), came to define steppe polity construction, later used by the Mongol Empire under the reign of Genghis Khan. They moved extensively over the eastern steppe and interacted, both in trade and intermarriage, with peoples from southern Siberia to Xinjiang. However, the Xiongnu as a people are relatively unknown to scholars, as they did not possess a written language. This study assesses Xiongnu population history and biological structure by analyzing craniofacial diversity via geometric morphometrics. Twenty-four coordinate cranial landmarks were used to test relationships among groups in the region and infer potential biological origins. The Relethford-Blangero R-matrix method was used to test hypotheses of phenotypic variation resulting from microevolutionary processes. This study hypothesizes biological continuity among Xiongnu individuals extending into modern Mongolian populations. Alternatively, long-range gene flow from adjacent geographic regions might suggest a complex population structure among the Xiongnu indicative of multiple populations controlling administrative functions. Results indicate the Xiongnu were potentially composed of at least two biologically distinct groups. Individuals from the elite cemetery of Borkhan Tolgoi (Egiin Gol) share their ancestry with a Bronze Age population from western Mongolia, and possibly, to a later migration of Turks, who came to rule the eastern steppe from the 6th to 8th centuries AD. The Xiongnu also evidence biological similarity with nomads from the Mongol Empire during the medieval period and modern Mongolians, as well as modern and ancient Central Asian, Chinese, and Siberian groups. These results are similar to ancient DNA studies that suggest a mix of Eastern and Western Eurasian haplogroups in the Xiongnu while also achieving consensus with models of steppe polity formation proposed by archaeologists who suggest local ties to extra-local groups through interactive exchange networks..
7.	C. Loring Brace, Noriko Seguchi, A. Russell Nelson, Pan Qifeng, Hideyuki Umeda, Margaret Wilson, Mary L. Brace, The Ainu and Jōmon connection, Kennewick Man: The Scientific Investigation of an Ancient American Skeleton, 463-471, 2014.01.
8.	Yasuko Takezawa, Kazuto Kato, Hiroki Oota, Timothy Caulfield, Akihiro Fujimoto, Shunwa Honda, Naoyuki Kamatani, Shoji Kawamura, Kohei Kawashima, Ryosuke Kimura, Hiromi Matsumae, Ayako Saito, Patrick E. Savage, Noriko Seguchi, Keiko Shimizu, Satoshi Terao, Yumi Yamaguchi-Kabata, Akira Yasukouchi, Minoru Yoneda, Katsushi Tokunaga, Human genetic research, race, ethnicity and the labeling of populations Recommendations based on an interdisciplinary workshop in Japan, BMC Medical Ethics, 10.1186/1472-6939-15-33, 15, 1, 2014.04, [URL], Background: A challenge in human genome research is how to describe the populations being studied. The use of improper and/or imprecise terms has the potential to both generate and reinforce prejudices and to diminish the clinical value of the research. The issue of population descriptors has not attracted enough academic attention outside North America and Europe. In January 2012, we held a two-day workshop, the first of its kind in Japan, to engage in interdisciplinary dialogue between scholars in the humanities, social sciences, medical sciences, and genetics to begin an ongoing discussion of the social and ethical issues associated with population descriptors. Discussion. Through the interdisciplinary dialogue, we confirmed that the issue of race, ethnicity and genetic research has not been extensively discussed in certain Asian communities and other regions. We have found, for example, the continued use of the problematic term, "Mongoloid" or continental terms such as "European," "African," and "Asian," as population descriptors in genetic studies. We, therefore, introduce guidelines for reporting human genetic studies aimed at scientists and researchers in these regions. Conclusion: We need to anticipate the various potential social and ethical problems entailed in population descriptors. Scientists have a social responsibility to convey their research findings outside of their communities as accurately as possible, and to consider how the public may perceive and respond to the descriptors that appear in research papers and media articles..
9.	Noriko Seguchi, Ashley Mckeown, Ryan Schmidt, Hideyuki Umeda, C. Loring Brace, An alternative view of the peopling of South America Lagoa Santa in craniometric perspective, Anthropological Science, 10.1537/ase.090921, 119, 1, 21-38, 2011.05, [URL], In this study, we compare the craniofacial morphology of four Sumidouro skulls and one Lund skull of paleo South Americans from Lagoa Santa, Brazil, with worldwide prehistoric and recent human craniofacial metric data, and suggest an alternative view of the migration history of early South America. Affiliations of samples and individuals were examined by the principal coordinate plot generated by Relethford and Blangero's R-matrix method, the neighbor-joining method based on genetic distance generated from the same R-matrix, and Mahalanobis distances and typicality probabilities. For these analyses, we examined certain variables claimed to have been influenced by the environment, such as maximum cranial length and maximum cranial breadth. Although the number of craniometric variables seems to influence the results of the analysis, it appeared to not obscure the ancestral and descendant relationships and regional kin relationships greatly in the instance of this study. Using Howells' worldwide comparative dataset but without the Jomon sample, previous research had suggested that Brazilian Paleoamericans, the Lagoa Santa, were probably closely related to Australian Aborigines and Africans as opposed to Native Americans and Northeast Asians. On the other hand, using multivariate statistics, our results show that Lagoa Santa individuals exhibit stronger morphological affinities with the prehistoric Jomon of Japan, archaic Americans of Indian Knoll Kentucky, Windover Florida, and Tennessee, and recent Tierra del Fuegans of South America, than with the Melanesians and Australians. Moreover, Jomon, Lagoa Santa, and archaic North Americans all display close relationships and ties to each other. This suggests that the early inhabitants of South America were probably not related to Australo-Melanesians, but rather to the Late Pleistocene descendants of Northeast Asians such as the Jomon. Also, they are related to the archaic North American populations and recent Central and South Americans..
10.	Ryan W. Schmidt, Noriko Seguchi, Jennifer L. Thompson, Chinese immigrant population history in North America based on craniometric diversity, Anthropological Science, 10.1537/ase.100128, 119, 1, 9-19, 2011.07, [URL], In this study, Chinese immigrant population history and structure was assessed using craniometric diversity in two historic cemeteries located in North America. Analyses addressed questions of population history, migration, and geographic origin for Chinese immigrants to the United States in the late 1800s. Craniometric diversity was assessed by the use of the R-matrix method on 19 metric traits in 62 male Chinese immigrant individuals. Using a population genetic model (Relethford- Blangero), our results indicate a low level of genetic diversity for these Chinese immigrants. Principal coordinate plots and neighbor-joining trees based on the morphological distances transformed from the R-matrix showed that the Chinese immigrant sample clusters closest to known East Asian populations. Further, we substantiate the biological origin for the Chinese immigrants as coming from South China. A historical reading suggests that the majority of Chinese emigrating to the United States departed and were born in southern China. Biological distances for the Chinese immigrants are more similar to samples from Guangdong Province and surrounding areas than to regions in North China. Identification bricks (grave markers) recovered during excavation in Nevada revealed two individuals born in Tai'shan, a city located along the Pearl River Delta and west of Hong Kong, a port used by Westerners during the late 19th century and used as a point of departure for many emigrating from mainland China. This evidence supports the historical and archaeological record and confirms the use of craniofacial variability to answer questions of population history and structure. This study is the first to assess Chinese immigrant population history using biological data..
11.	C. Loring Brace, Noriko Seguchi, Conrad B. Quintyn, Sherry C. Fox, A. Russell Nelson, Sotiris K. Manolis, Pan Qifeng, The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze age to European craniofacial form, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 10.1073/pnas.0509801102, 103, 1, 242-247, 2006.01, [URL], Many human craniofacial dimensions are largely of neutral adaptive significance, and an analysis of their variation can serve as an indication of the extent to which any given population is genetically related to or differs from any other. When 24 craniofacial measurements of a series of human populations are used to generate neighbor-joining dendrograms, it is no surprise that all modern European groups, ranging all of the way from Scandinavia to eastern Europe and throughout the Mediterranean to the Middle East, show that they are closely related to each other. The surprise is that the Neolithic peoples of Europe and their Bronze Age successors are not closely related to the modern inhabitants, although the prehistoric/modern ties are somewhat more apparent in southern Europe. It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa. Basques and Canary Islanders are clearly associated with modern Europeans. When canonical variates are plotted, neither sample ties in with Cro-Magnon as was once suggested. The data treated here support the idea that the Neolithic moved out of the Near East into the circum-Mediterranean areas and Europe by a process of demic diffusion but that subsequently the in situ residents of those areas, derived from the Late Pleistocene inhabitants, absorbed both the agricultural life way and the people who had brought it..
12.	C. Loring Brace, A. Russell Nelson, Noriko Seguchi, Hiroaki Oe, Leslie Sering, Pan Qifeng, Li Yongyi, Dashtseveg Tumen, Old World sources of the first New World human inhabitants A comparative craniofacial view, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 10.1073/pnas.171305898, 98, 17, 10017-10022, 2001.08, [URL], Human craniofacial data were used to assess the similarities and differences between recent and prehistoric Old World samples, and between these samples and a similar representation of samples from the New World. The data were analyzed by the neighbor-joining clustering procedure, assisted by bootstrapping and by canonical discriminant analysis score plots. The first entrants to the Western Hemisphere of maybe 15,000 years ago gave rise to the continuing native inhabitants south of the U.S.-Canadian border. These show no close association with any known mainland Asian population. Instead they show ties to the Ainu of Hokkaido and their Jomon predecessors in prehistoric Japan and to the Polynesians of remote Oceania. All of these also have ties to the Pleistocene and recent inhabitants of Europe and may represent an extension from a Late Pleistocene continuum of people across the northern fringe of the Old World. With roots in both the northwest and the northeast, these people can be described as Eurasian. The route of entry to the New World was at the northwestern edge. In contrast, the Inuit (Eskimo), the Aleut, and the Na-Dene speakers who had penetrated as far as the American Southwest within the last 1,000 years show more similarities to the mainland populations of East Asia. Although both the earlier and later arrivals in the New World show a mixture of traits characteristic of the northern edge of Old World occupation and the Chinese core of mainland Asia, the proportion of the latter is greater for the more recent entrants..
13.	Ryan W Schmidt, Noriko Seguchi, Jomon Culture and the peopling of the Japanese archipelago: advancements in the fields of morphometrics and ancient DNA, Japanese Journal of Archaeology, 2, 34-59, 2014.12, Archaeological investigation of the Jomon Culture is extensive and well supported among the Japanese public. The distinct pottery that characterizes the Jomon has been well documented and physical anthropological description of skeletal remains in Japan has a long and extensive history. However, questions remain of Jomon peoples origins, biological contribution to modern Japanese and biological relationship to the agriculturalist people associated with the Yayoi culture. Morphological analyses of Jomon skeletal material have suggested ambiguous origins and inter-regional heterogeneity has been observed based on craniofacial variation. Ancient DNA of skeletal remains associated with the Jomon Culture indicates possible distinct genetic lineages associated with various locations throughout greater East and Southeast Asia. Here, we review the relevance of using ancient DNA and morphometrics to answer some of the above questions and challenge models based on the assumption that archaeological culture is equal to a shared biological history. Recent literature is reviewed and summarized in order to give the reader an idea of how basic assumptions of biological ancestry can be questioned using these new data. We end our discussion by suggesting further avenues of study and prospective research questions that could be asked in light of these new technologies..
14.	Yasuko Takezawa, Kazuo Kato, Hiroki Oota, Timothy Caulfield, Akihiro Fujimoto, Shunwa Honda, Naoyuki Kamatani, Shoji Kawamura, Kohei Kawashima, Ryosuke Kimura, Hiromi Matsumae, Ayako Saito, Patrick E Savage, Noriko Seguchi, Keiko Shimizu, Satoshi Terao, Yumi Yamaguchi-Kabata, Akira YASUKOUCHI, Minoru Yoneda, Katsushi Tokunaga, Human genetic research, race, ethnicity and the labeling of populations: recommendations based on an interdisciplinary workshop in Japan, BMC Medical Ethics, 10.1186/1472-6939-15-33, 15, BMC Med Ethics. 2014 Apr 23;15(1):33., 2014.04, BackgroundA challenge in human genome research is how to describe the populations being studied. The use of improper and/or imprecise terms has the potential to both generate and reinforce prejudices and to diminish the clinical value of the research. The issue of population descriptors has not attracted enough academic attention outside North America and Europe. In January 2012, we held a two-day workshop, the first of its kind in Japan, to engage in interdisciplinary dialogue between scholars in the humanities, social sciences, medical sciences, and genetics to begin an ongoing discussion of the social and ethical issues associated with population descriptors.DiscussionThrough the interdisciplinary dialogue, we confirmed that the issue of race, ethnicity and genetic research has not been extensively discussed in certain Asian communities and other regions. We have found, for example, the continued use of the problematic term, ?Mongoloid? or continental terms such as ?European,? ?African,? and ?Asian,? as population descriptors in genetic studies. We, therefore, introduce guidelines for reporting human genetic studies aimed at scientists and researchers in these regions.ConclusionWe need to anticipate the various potential social and ethical problems entailed in population descriptors. Scientists have a social responsibility to convey their research findings outside of their communities as accurately as possible, and to consider how the public may perceive and respond to the descriptors that appear in research papers and media articles..
15.	Noriko Seguchi, Christina Heiner, Differences in prevelence of Tuberculosis mortality among the Ainu and the Ethnic Japanese during the early Twentieth Century: Socio-Economic and political structural influences, 人種表象の日本型グローバル研究、平成24年度研究成果報告書　　京都大学人文科学研究所, 14-28, 2013.03, The Ainu are an indigenous people currently residing in present day Hokkaido, Japan. During the Meiji Period (1868-1912), the Ainu suffered persecution and were the targets of the Japanese government assimilation and cultural extinction policies. Governmental policies such as the Aboriginal Protection Act of 1899 not only restricted many aspects of Ainu cultural identity but ultimately lead to deteriorating health for the Ainu. Striped of their cultural identity, denied access to traditional subsistence practices, malnourished and starving Ainu populations faced continual epidemics from various infectious diseases. Tuberculosis in particular emerged in epidemic proportions among Ainu populations in the early part of the twentieth century. This paper relies upon records taken by the Japanese government between 1909 and 1911 among Ainu village populations and some bioarchaeological studies. While the Japanese government and other medical authorities often explained epidemic tuberculosis as a cultural and heredity trait, this work seeks to explain how unfavorable political and social conditions contributed to a high prevalence of tuberculosis and mortality among Ainu individuals. This paper reveals that it was under unfavorable conditions that diseases such as tuberculosis flourished soon affecting entire communities and becoming a leading killer of death among the Ainu. Issues of economic and environmental poverty, however, were disguised by “racially” based discourses that associated tuberculosis with an “uncivilized” lifestyle and genetic traits. Clearly, such a high rate of tuberculosis deaths was rooted in social, political and economic conditions that the Ainu populations had become to know during the 19th and 20th centuries..
16.	Seguchi N, McKeown A, Schmidt R, Umeda H, Brace CL, An alternative view of the peopling of South America: Lagoa Santa in craniometric perspective, Anthropological Science, 119, 1, 21-38, 2011.04, これまで、南アメリカの初期先住民は東アジア集団よりも、オーストラリア、メラネシア、アジア南部の集団との近縁関係深いと根強く主張されてきた。しかしこれらの研究には北東アジアや東アジアの先史集団の頭蓋骨計測データが含まれておらず、また、近縁関係を検討する上で支障となりうる環境の影響を受けやすい形態データも使用され分析されてきた。我々は、この論文では東アジア・北東アジア先史集団である縄文人、また、北アメリカの初期先住民のデータも含め、南アメリカ・ブラジルの初期先住民ととの遺伝的関係を検討した。そして、単に従来からの手法を踏襲するのではなく、人類集団間の関係を探る上では必須の基礎的分析である環境の影響を受けにくい形態要素の抽出し、最新の統計学的分析（Ｒ－マトリックス法）とを組み合わせ分析を行った。この手法を用いて、南アメリカの初期先住民と北東アジア先史集団との近縁性を明らかにした。.
17.	Schmidt R , Seguchi N, Thompson J, Chinese immigrant population history in North America based on craniometric diversity, Anthropological Science, 119, 1, 9-19, 2011.04, 北アメリカネバダ州の19世紀後半から20世紀初期の中国人移民の墓から発掘された遺骨を最新の統計手法であるRマトリックス法、レレスフォード・ブランジェロ法を用い、中国人移民の出自を分析した。その結果、発掘された遺骨と南部中国人との近縁性が示唆された。当時の歴史的記録文書によると、移民してきた中国人の多くは南部中国からアメリカ合衆国に来たと記されており、また、香港の西地域を表記する出土品も発掘されており、我々の頭蓋骨計測データによる分析結果でも発掘された遺骨は、北中国人よりも南部中国人との近縁性がみられ、歴史的記録と結果が一致した。.
18.	Brace CL, Seguchi, N, Brace ML, Exploring the Kennewick Connection, Kennewick Man: Perspectives on the Ancient One. (eds) Claire Smith, Larry Zimmerman, Joe Watkins and Dorothy Lippert, 153-168, The Left Coast Press in Australia, 2008.11.
19.	Seguchi N, History and Trends within the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Anthropological Science, 116, 1, 57-66, 2008.06.
20.	Nelson AR, Seguchi N, Brace CL, Craniometric Affinities and Early Skeletal Evidence for Origins, Environment, origins, and population, Handbook of North American Indians series. (ed) Douglas Ubelaker, 3, 679-684, Smithsonian Institution. Washington D.C., 2007.10.
21.	C. Loring Brace, A. Russell Nelson, Noriko Seguchi, Hiroaki Oe, Leslie Sering, Pan Qifeng, Li Yongyii, and Dashtseveg Tumen, Old World sources of the first New World human inhabitants: A comparative craniofacial view, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 98, 17, 10017-10022, 2001.08, Human craniofacial data were used to assess the similarities and differences between recent and prehistoric Old World samples, and between these samples and a similar representation of samples from the New World. The data were analyzed by the neighbor-joining clustering procedure, assisted by bootstrapping and by canonical discriminant analysis score plots. The first entrants to the Western Hemisphere of maybe 15,000 years ago gave rise to the continuing native inhabitants south of the U.S.–Canadian border. These show no close association with any known mainland Asian population. Instead they show ties to the Ainu of Hokkaido and their Jomon predecessors in prehistoric Japan and to the Polynesians of remote Oceania. All of these also have ties to the Pleistocene and recent inhabitants of Europe and may represent an extension from a Late Pleistocene continuum of people across the northern fringe of the Old World. With roots in both the northwest and the northeast, these people can be described as Eurasian. The route of entry to the New World was at the northwestern edge. In contrast, the Inuit (Eskimo), the Aleut, and the Na-Dene speakers who had penetrated as far as the American Southwest within the last 1,000 years show more similarities to the mainland populations of East Asia. Although both the earlier and later arrivals in the New World show a mixture of traits characteristic of the northern edge of Old World occupation and the Chinese core of mainland Asia, the proportion of the latter is greater for the more recent entrants..
22.	Brace　CL and Seguchi　N, 「人種」は社会的構築物か生物学的リアリティか, Jinshu Gainen no Fuhensei wo Tou: Shokuminchi shugi, Kokumin Kokka, Tsukurareta Shinwa/ Is Race a Universal Idea?: Colonialism, Nation-States, and a Myth Invented. Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan., pp. 44-83, 2003.03.
23.	Brace CL, Seguchi N, Quintyn CB, Fox SC, Nelson AR, Sotiris KM, Pan Q, The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, 1, 242-247, 2006.01, Many human craniofacial dimensions are largely of neutral adaptive significance, and an analysis of their variation can serve as an indication of the extent to which any given population is genetically related to or differs from any other. When 24 craniofacial measurements of a series of human populations are used to generate neighbor-joining dendrograms, it is no surprise that all modern European groups, ranging all of the way from Scandinavia to eastern Europe and throughout the Mediterranean to the Middle East, show that they are closely related to each other. The surprise is that the Neolithic peoples of Europe and their Bronze Age successors are not closely related to the modern inhabitants, although the prehistoricmodern ties are somewhat more apparent in southern Europe. It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa. Basques and Canary Islanders are clearly associated with modern Europeans. When canonical variates are plotted, neither sample ties in with Cro-Magnon as was once suggested. The data treated here support the idea that the Neolithic moved out of the Near East into the circum-Mediterranean areas and Europe by a process of demic diffusion but that subsequently the in situ residents of those areas, derived from the Late Pleistocene inhabitants, absorbed both the agricultural life way and the people who had brought it..
24.	Falk D, Seguchi N, Professor C. Loring Brace: Bringing Physical Anthropology (“Kicking and Screaming”) Into the 21st Century! , Michigan Discussion in Anthropology, 16, 175‐211, 2006.10.

主要総説, 論評, 解説, 書評, 報告書等

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1.	＠瀬口典子, 学知の責任　植民地主義の清算へ　７, 沖縄タイムス, 2021.09, 遺骨返還　北米が先駆け　研究者　先住民と知的・経済的交流.
2.	＠瀬口典子,　上岡寛, 人骨が語るヒトと社会の変化, 岩波「科学」, 2021.02, [URL], ヒトは環境を変えただけでなく、ヒト自身も自らが作った環境によって身体を変えていった。このヒトの自己家畜化の概念を歯牙データ、頭蓋骨データ、四肢骨データから、調理、狩猟から農耕社会への変遷、攻撃性との関連について紹介。.
3.	瀬口典子, 「人種優劣」と植民地主義に繋がった自然人類学　p.236-250, 人種化のプロセスとメカニズムに関する複合的研究　平成28年度ー平成３２年度科学研究費補助金　基盤研究S 課題番号：16H０６３２０京都大学人文科学研究所, 2018.07.
4.	Conrad Quintyn, Noriko Seguchi, An assessment of postcranial indices, ratios, and body mass versus eco-geographical variables of prehistoric Jomon, Yayoi agriculturalists, and Kumejima Islanders of Japan. Supplement for Biomedical Advances (ISSN 2573-0355), the Editors' Picks, Biomedical Advances, Editors' Picks ISSN 2573-0355, 2018.04.
5.	＠Noriko Seguchi and Conrad B Quintyn, How Evolutionary Forces, Development Constraints And A Changing Climate Influenced Genetic Drift, Science Trends, 2018.01.
6.	瀬口典子, 米トランプ政権の反科学主義に懸念、５０カ国超で「科学のためのマーチ」, 週刊金曜日, 2017.05, [URL].
7.	瀬口典子, 骨から見るヒトの多様性, 月刊　学術の動向　Volume 19, Number 7, 特集　中等教育でまなぶ「人種」「民族」とヒトの多様性, 2014.07, [URL].
8.	瀬口典子, 骨からみるヒトの多様性　p.39-53, 中等教育で学ぶ「人種」「民族」とヒトの多様性　　研究成果報告書　人種表象の日本型グローバル研究　平成２５年度研究報告書平成２２年度ー平成２６年度科学研究費補助金　基盤研究S 課題番号：２２２２２００３　　京都大学人文科学研究所, 2013.10.
9.	Noriko Seguchi, Christina Heiner, Differences in the prevalence of tuberculosis mortality among the Ainu and the Ethnic Japanese during the early twentieth Century:socio-economic and political structural influences (p.13-28), 人種表象の日本型グローバル研究　平成２４年度研究報告書　　平成２２年度ー平成２６年度科学研究費補助金　基盤研究S 課題番号：２２２２２００３　　京都大学人文科学研究所, 2013.03.
10.	瀬口典子、Christina Heiner, 医療・公衆衛生研究における人種概念　（p.68-94) , The proceedings, The interface of humanities and genomics II, A Japan-based global sutdy of racial representations 2011-2012. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Reserach (S) , Institute for Research in humanities Kyoto University, 2012.03.
11.	Noriko Seguchi, Christina Heiner, Differences in prevalence of tuberculosis mortality among the Ainu and the ethnic Japanese during the early twenties Century:Socio-Economic and Political structural influences （p30−５２）, 人種表象の日本型グローバル研究　平成２３年度研究報告書平成２２年度ー平成２６年度科学研究費補助金　基盤研究S 課題番号：２２２２２００３　　京都大学人文科学研究所, 2012.03.
12.	瀬口典子, 最初のアメリカ人の謎：ケネウイックマンと縄文人, 国立科学博物館ニュース, Vol. 459, 6-7., 2007.07.
13.	Seguchi N, Drawing the Borders: Sexual, Racial, and National Boundaries Today, Tomorrow, and Forever, Working Paper Series, No. 34. Institute for Research on Women and Gender, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1998.07.

主要学会発表等

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1.	Noriko Seguchi, James F. Loftus III, Shiori Yonemoto, Mary-Margaret Murphy, Yuriko Igarashi, Intentional Cranial Modification of the Yayoi Period at Tanegashima Island, Japan, DFW Human Evolution Seminar Series for the Public & TAMUSOD GS-PAC Seminar Series , 2022.09, Intentional cranial deformation has been practiced in every culture and continent. In East Asia, the antiquity of intentional cranial deformation may go back to 30,000 years ago. In Northern China, intentional cranial deformation was practiced ranged from 12,000 BP to 5,000 BP. In Japan, possible practices of artificial or intentional cranial deformation among the Yoshigo Jomon population (4,000-2,300 BP), and the Koura Yayoi site were also reported. It has been pointed out that the uncovered crania from the Hirota site in Tanegashima, Kagoshima Prefecture, which is the subject of this study, possess a considerable tendency for brachycephaly, as well as a squared flatness of the occipital region of the crania as if they had been deformed by a flat device like boards. However, this becomes a question of cultural intent versus consequence; exemplified through the use of tumplines, cradleboards, and positional plagiocephaly (lopsided head) by sleeping with the back of the head faced downward. As such, it is difficult to distinguish whether deformation is intentional or unintentional. In this study, to investigate the characteristics of cranial shape of the Hirota site, we extracted shape outlines of crania from the 3-D mesh data and performed Elliptical Fourier Analysis (EFA). Furthermore, we compared Hirota site cranial shape data with Doigahama site and Kyushu Jomon data. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and MANOVA show clearly align with our hypothesis that Hirota samples are morphologically different. There is a clear grouping of Hirota towards more "flat" areas of the PCA morphospace, and Jomon and Doigahama are similar. Thin Plate Spline visually displays Hirota’s crania are flat than Jomon and Doigahama, and Jomon and Doigahama display similar occipital head shapes. Morphometric mapping and Sliced segmental extraction visually revealed suprainiac depression or thinning and sagittal groove and depression caused by intentional deformation. We concluded that Hirota people intentionally modified crania in both sexes. .
2.	＠瀬口典子, 頭蓋骨形態・身体プロポーションからみた古代東アジア集団の多様性と移動の歴史, 韓国建国大学セミナー「古代東北アジアの歴史文化及び民族の起源と相互関連性」, 2022.06, 中立的な頭蓋骨形態データを用いた定量的分析からユーラシア大陸、日本列島、及び新大陸への人の移動と拡散の歴史を復元した。日本列島の縄文時代集団は更新世後期の北東アジア集団の子孫であることを示唆され、縄文の共通祖先の一部はユーラシア大陸からアメリカ大陸へ拡散し、他は日本列島に拡散したと考えられる。日本列島に稲作文化をもたらした弥生時代集団は、中国新石器時代と青銅器時代集団と類似性を示した。次に身体の形態の比較から、縄文時代人、弥生時代人、江戸時代の沖縄久米島の人々の身体変化に影響を及ぼした進化のメカニズムについて検証した。寒冷適応と暑熱適応の両方を示す縄文の身体形態のミスマッチと亜熱帯に居住するが寒冷適応を示す久米島の身体形態は、環境・地理的な予想と一致しておらず、その身体形態の形成には選択だけでなく、遺伝子流動、遺伝的浮動、移動、栄養状態などの複雑な相互作用が要因であると考えられる。.
3.	Padgett B. D., Seguchi N, The Bioarchaeology of Violence during the Yayoi Period in Western Japan, The 91st Annual meeting of American Association of Biological Anthropologists, 2022.03, Evidence of violence has been observed at many sites in Japan dated to the Yayoi period (~900 BCE – 300 CE), though the implications have not been explored in depth. In this study, it was hypothesized that the frequency of violent trauma, and the weapons employed, would not significantly differ among sites dated to the Yayoi period. Analysis of skeletal trauma at sites in western Japan revealed changes in the conduct of inter-group conflict from the Early to the Late Yayoi period. Evidence indicates that female adults were targeted more frequently than males during the Early Yayoi. Perimortem injuries among male and female remains were most often due to direct blunt force trauma. Among the Middle Yayoi dataset, the majority of violent trauma was due to sharp force injuries. Patterns suggest more frequent use of bronze weapons, wooden armor, and shields. Demographic shifts in the targets of violence suggest more formalization of inter-group conflict. By the Late Yayoi, the use of lithic weapons is not apparent; male and female remains with perimortem trauma are about equal. Intergroup conflict for political power contributed to the emergence of a state society. This research demonstrates how violence reflects, or accompanies, changes in social structure. The development of a code of conduct for the application or restraint of violence is an important indicator of the changing world view of the Yayoi people, and is relevant to the ethnogenesis of the Yamato people, the predominant ethnic group in Japan today. .
4.	＠瀬口典子, 骨形態から探るヒトの適応、身体的変化, 第11回応用生理人類学研究センター講演会, 2022.02, 骨形態データから身体プロポーションと気候との関係と新大陸へのヒトの拡散・人々の身体のプロポーションの多様性を自分の研究結果から紹介する。人類集団の身体骨格形態（ポストクラニア）の多様性の進化的メカニズムを明らかにするために、四肢骨・身体プロポーションと地理・気候との関連を検証した。次に人類集団の頭蓋骨・顔面形態の多様性の進化的メカニズムを明らかにするために、頭蓋骨・顔骨形態と地理・気候との関連を検証した。この検証により、頭蓋骨・顔面形態の中立性が証明されたので、頭蓋骨計測データを用いて旧大陸から新大陸への拡散の歴史を復元した。本講演ではユーラシアから日本列島、新大陸へ拡散した人々の身体プロポーションの多様性をドキュメントし、新大陸への拡散のルートを推定し、新大陸への拡散と移住の途中と定住後にヒトが気候、環境、文化に適応し、生じた可能性のある身体変化について言及する。 .
5.	蓮田賀子,　瀬口典子, ヒトの下顎骨の解剖学的非対称性とその要因についての考察―現代日本人人骨のメッシュモデルを対象とした幾何学的形態測定学の応用, 第75回日本人類学会大会, 2021.10.
6.	瀬口典子, 遺骨返還運動から学ぶ先住民コミュニティと共に歩む人類学: 研究する側と研究される側の相互的関係の再定義, 日本文化人類学会大会, 2021.05, 日本の人類学は現在遺骨返還問題に直面しており、その背景には過去から現在に続く学問の植民地主義がある。文化人類学も自らの植民地主義を自覚すべきであると先住民から迫られている。本発表では、遺骨返還運動がきっかけとなって生まれた北米の先住民と人類学研究者との間の対話の実践、相互的な理解関係の構築と先住民コミュニティとの共同研究のありかたを検証し、日本における広義の人類学が進むべき未来を考える。.
7.	Padgett B.D., Seguchi N, Evidence of Trophy Taking Behavior in Prehistoric Japan, The 90th Annual meeting of American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2021.04.
8.	PADGETT, Brian.D., SEGUCHI, Noriko, A forensic approach to the Aoya-Kamijichi skeletal assemblage, The 74th Anthropological Sciety of Nippon Annual Meeting, 2020.11, The Aoya-Kamijichi site was a Yayoi period village with a mass burial of commingled human remains in Tottori prefecture. A forensic approach was applied to a sample of the assemblage. There were male and female adults, with both subadults and elderly. The attackers used metal weapons. Skeletal trauma suggests that some victims were unarmed and others were trying to escape. Motives for the attack may have been linked to political affiliations on the Korean peninsula. This is significant because little is known about intergroup violence during the Yayoi period..
9.	＠瀬口典子, 「人種優劣」と植民地主義につながった自然人類学と遺骨返還問題, 大阪大学COセンター　第24回世直し研究会, 2020.06.
10.	Tomita H. ＠Seguchi N., Health inequalities as seen through social status and regional trends during the Edo period in the Japanese archipelago. , The 89th Annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Online poster presentation April 14-July 1, 2020., 2020.02, The Edo period (1603-1868) in Japan was marked by a feudal society with a rigid caste system (e.g. samurai, merchant, and farmer), and during this period the population density of urban areas increased significantly as compared to earlier periods. Economic inequality existed between social strata, with farmers periodically suffering from poverty, hunger, and poor health due to the rapid growth of the monetary economy during the Edo Period. This study aims to identify how this social inequality might correlate with health status, using linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and cribra orbitalia (CO). This study examined 11 urban populations and nine rural populations in Japan, from northern Honshu through the southern island of Kyushu. First, we explore the relationship between health status during childhood and socio-economic status. Second, we analyze the prevalence of LEH and CO to distinguish health differences between genders. Results suggest that the frequency of LEH in samurai (especially upper level samurai) was signi􀜪cantly higher than in other populations and the prevalence of CO in farmers in rural areas was slightly higher than in other populations. Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of LEH was largely a factor of social rank, and the prevalence of CO was a factor in rural settlements. Also, regarding gender differences, the frequencies of LEH and CO were significantly higher among females in two urban merchant cities. Although no large gender differences were observed, this study revealed that socio-economic status significantly influenced health status during childhood during the Edo period. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP17J04347 for H.T. and JP19H05737 for N.S..
11.	＠Noriko Seguchi, 150 years of research on the origins of the Japanese: Colonialism and neo-colonialism., The 89th Annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists., 2020.02, The search for the origins of the Japanese people was initiated by foreign scholars such as F. F. Siebold, E. S. Morse, and E. von Baelz in the 19th century. This work was then continued by Japanese anatomists and physical anthropologists, who had received their medical education mainly from Germany. Subsequently, the origin of the Japanese people has long been a popular topic for speculation and research within Japan. In undertaking the explorations of the origins of the Japanese, anthropologists of the Japanese Imperial Universities collected human remains of the Ainu and Ryukyu peoples, and later, collected remains from colonized areas of Imperial Japan such as the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. Thus the origins of this research reveal strong linkages between colonialism and Japanese origins. However, Japanese anthropologists do not typically admit or discuss and reflect upon this strong colonial perspective. Here, I argue that a colonialist framework has shaped anthropological research on Japanese origins. I explore the history of research on the origins of the Japanese people that took place during the imperial Japanese period, through imperial Japan and World War II, and continuing until the present day with modern technology such as DNA analysis. I will discuss why and how this framework on the origins of the Japanese people is problematic and what pitfalls will exist in future if we “physical” anthropologists continue the research on the origins of the Japanese people without reflecting on Japan’s colonial and imperial past. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18KT0005 and JP19H05737..
12.	＠Noriko Seguchi, A Craniofacial and Postcranial survey of North and South American Inhabitants from the Perspective of Possible Old World Ancestors, Project Out of Eurasia: Objectives and Strategies of Transdisciplinary Studies, 2020.02, This study aims to shed light on early migration to the Americas and population history of inhabitants in the Americas, and evolutionary trends in climatic adaptation using skeletal remains from the American continents, with geographically diverse skeletal samples from East Asia including the Japanese archipelago, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, Oceania, Africa, and Europe. Cluster analysis (the neighbor-joining method) was applied based on biological distances generated by R matrices from craniofacial metric data in order to explore migration to the Americas and investigate population history and structure. We also explored climatic adaptation using body proportions and index generated from postcranial measurements by principal component analysis and non-parametric regression analysis. The results suggest that the ancestors of the Jomon are the Late Pleistocene inhabitants of the eastern coast of Asia and further west, with some moving to the Japanese Archipelago and others moving to the New World as “the initial settlers". They developed relatively “wide” body breadths as cold-derived adaptations. .
13.	＠瀬口典子, 複数の観察者・機器・手法によって取得された考古学的人骨の3次元(3DGM)データの正確性・信頼性　, シンポジウム『人口遺物の三次元計測と幾何学的形態測定の理論と実践』, 2020.01, 3次元テクノロジーの進歩は生物人類学の形態計測に大きなインパクトを与えてきた。2000年代初頭からは、3次元デジタイザーを使って、考古学的人骨から直接3次元幾何学的形態計測（3DGM）データ（3次元ランドマークやセミランドマークデータ）を取得したり、2次元距離計測値を計算することが主流となった。近年では、3次元スキャナーで3次元ヴァーチャルモデルを作成し、3次元バーチャルモデルから2次元距離計測値、3DGMデータを取得することも盛んになってきた。しかし公開され、シェアされている世界中の主な地域の頭蓋骨計測値データセットは2次元距離計測値データセットであり、3DGMデータセットはまだ少ない。世界の主な地域の頭蓋骨3次元バーチャルモデルを収集し、それから3DGMデータを取得するためには、まだ多くの時間と費用がかかる。研究者たちが同じプロトコールで3次元バーチャルモデルを収集しデータをシェアすれば、時間と費用を節約することができる。しかし、複数の観察者、複数の異なる機器（3次元デジタイザー、3次元スキャナー、２次元計測用キャリパー）、異なる手法（骨からの直接データ取得とバーチャルモデルからのデータ取得）によって取得した2次元距離計測値データ、および3DGMデータを統合して使う場合、それらのデータは正確で信頼できるのであろうか。本発表では、頭蓋骨の3次元ヴァーチャルモデルと3次元デジタイザーで取得したランドマーク、セミランドマークデータの正確さを比較検証し、その結果を報告する。.
14.	瀬口典子, 南北アメリカの人々の頭蓋骨および体肢骨形態の調査：共通祖先を特定する観点から, 新学術領域研究（研究領域提案型） 2019年度～2023年度出ユーラシアの統合的人類史学 - 文明創出メカニズムの解明第2回全体会議, 2020.01, 本研究は、南北アメリカ大陸への人々の初期移住の歴史と、先史時代の人々の気候環境への適応の様子を解明することを目的とする。資料は南北アメリカ大陸、日本列島を含めた東アジア，東北アジア，アフリカ、オーストラリア、オセアニア、ヨーロッパの古人骨である。頭蓋骨の計測値を元にRマトリックスによるクラスター分析(近隣結合法)を行い，対象集団の系統関係を明らかにし，最終的にはユーラシア大陸から北アメリカ・南アメリカ大陸への初期移住の経路を解明する。また、体肢骨のプロポーションと気候との関連を主成分分析とノンパラメトリック回帰分析を用いて気候環境への適応戦略を解明する。これまでの分析結果から、後期更新世・完新世初期にアメリカ大陸へ移動した人々は日本列島の縄文時代人と共通祖先をもつ可能性が示唆され、彼らは寒冷適応し幅広い身体形態を発達させたことも示唆された。将来的には，メキシコ，ペルーの古人骨も調査し，北米大陸から南米大陸への移住の経路および環境適応の過程を解明する。 .
15.	Noriko Seguchi, "Repatriation of Ainu remains and the responsibilities of Japanese physical anthropology: what are real contributions to the Ainu community?" in A panel "Harkening Voices of the Other: Ethics and Struggles for Repatriation of Human Remains on the Margins of Japan", The 118th Annual Meeting of American Anthropological Association, 2019.11, The future of Japanese physical anthropology has been in flux since the Ainu began pressing for the repatriation of their ancestors’ remains, which were unethically collected throughout the twentieth century by Japanese researchers and stored in universities. While Ainu do not want scientists to treat their ancestors’ remains as objects of scientific study, physical anthropologists claim that such remains are significant for their work because their research results can prove the Ainu’s indigeneity and contribute to establishing the “ethnic identity” of the Ainu. Does researching the origins of the Ainu help the Ainu community? Some Ainu community members expect physical/genetic anthropologists to ask groups for their consent to be studied, while many Ainu people do not want to reveal their identity as Ainu. Can collaborative work with Ainu and physical anthropologists to repatriate these remains help Ainu descendants? Can the procedures involved in linking modern Ainu with the remains of their ancestors be traumatizing? In this talk, the discrepancies between Ainu and Japanese physical anthropologists regarding the definition of “indigeneity” and the treatment of human remains are examined. It explores how some statements by physical anthropologists are misleading and how physical anthropologists can build bridges by understanding the culturally sensitive contributions that the Ainu support, and recommends ways that physical anthropologists can build collaborative relationships with Ainu to bridge the gap between groups. A consideration of these issues may lead the field of Japanese physical anthropology to the decolonization process..
16.	Yoshinobu Ota, Noriko Seguchi, Mitsuho Ikeda, Mai, Ishihara, Chip Colwell, Joe Watkins, Harkening Voices of the Other: Ethics and Struggles for Repatriation of Human Remains on the Margins of Japan, The 118th Annual Meeting of American Anthropological Association, 2019.11, This panel is an exploration of the limits and new possibilities that may emerge from anthropological reflections on how to remain responsive and ethical to the indigenous voices that demand repatriation of human remains as they echo in the twenty-first century Japan: the Ainu and the Ryukyuans, in particular. It is linked with another panel, “Struggles for Repatriating Indigenous Remains inside Japan,” organized by ann-elise lewallen and Koji Deriha. Indigenous human remains stored in Japanese national universities have recently become the foci of contestation as several lawsuits that had demanded returning those bones have been settled out of court, while other lawsuits are still pending. These increasingly vocal demands for social justice on the part of the indigenous peoples in Japan have already forced anthropologists toward not only responding to these demands but also searching ways to become ethical to the indigenous peoples while keeping in clear view the inescapable legacy of (settler) colonialism that constitutes the present historical conjuncture. The panel addresses such issues as how memories of historical injustice might deeply impair the present relations among the Ainus and non-Ainus; how it is possible to envision ethics not only attuned the indigenous demands, often varied and frequently divided, but also capable of transforming anthropological practices; how collaborative endeavor in science might become possible as responses to repatriation demands; how does the idea of indigeneity might circulate throughout Japan as the issue of repatriation of human remains has surfaced not only among the Ainus but also among the Ryukyuans. Noriko Seguchi, a biological anthropologist, foresees the collaborative research as a model of ethical scientific practices. Mai Ishihara, a part-Ainu anthropologist, brings to surface multiple voices in the Ainu struggles for repatriating human remains, a feature often overlooked in heated debates by supporters of repatriation. Yoshinobu Ota, an anthropologist, proposes an ethics of listening as a way to restore the future relations, so far often divided and contradictory, among the indigenous and non-indigenous peoples in Japan. Mitsuho Ikeda, an anthropologist, discusses the legal barriers that make it difficult for the descendants to repatriate ancestral human remains stolen from the tombs of local kings during the era of Ryukyu Kingdom. Two distinguished discussants, Dr. Joe Watkin and Dr. Chip Colwell, who will guide local issues of repatriation of human remains in Japan to wider global concerns for ethics and responsibilities in anthropological practices as we struggle to redefine their relations with the indigenous presence articulated both in political and moral terms..
17.	＠瀬口典子, 集団の拡散と文明形成に伴う遺伝的多様性と身体的変化の解明 , 新学術領域研究（研究領域提案型） 2019年度～2023年度出ユーラシアの統合的人類史学 - 文明創出メカニズムの解明第一回全体会議キックオフミーティング, 2019.09, [URL], 本研究は集団の拡散・移動と文明形成に伴う身体形質の適応過程と遺伝的多様性の変化を解明することを目的とする。考古学班との密接な連携と共同研究に基づき、形質人類学的データ、遺伝子、AncientDNA を用い、日本列島を含むアジア地域から、アメリカ大陸、オセアニアへの人々の拡散のタイミングや経路、拡散後も常に流動的である集団内と集団間での人々の遺伝子の流動、集団内での遺伝的浮動といった集団の歴史(Human population structure and history)を解明する。そして、各地域での身体形質、人口構造と人口動態、寄生虫・感染症を含む健康状態を推定し、また、人類に新天地への移動を可能にした認知能力と拡散に関連する適応候補遺伝子を明らかにする。そのために、【A】形質人類学と遺伝子による統合研究、【B】心理学と遺伝学の融合研究という２方向からのアプローチを採用する。この班には5つの研究チームがあり、各チームが異なるトピックの研究を行うが、相互に関連のあるトピックである。最終的には結果を統合的に検証する。本発表では各グループの研究内容を解説する。 .
18.	Hirotaka TOMITA, ＠Noriko SEGUCHI, Health inequality as seen in human skeletal remains in early modern period in Japan, The 88th Annual Meeting of American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2019.03, This study focuses on the influence of early life stress on later life experiences using human skeletal remains from the Edo Period (1603-1868) in western Japan. A total of 265 skeletal remains from the Kyushu region in Western Japan were used. Linear enamel hypoplasia on mandibular canines, which preserves a record of childhood stress events, was analyzed, paired with age at death estimation from adult skeletal remains. The Edo period society was feudal, with a rigid hierarchical social system. During this time, there was different treatment by gender due to gender role divisions based on Confucian beliefs. This study aims to identify how early life stress might correlate with longevity: 1) are the enamel defects associated with changes in adult mortality; and 2) are there significant sex-specific differences in early life stress experiences and adult mortality? The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess 1) the relationship between enamel growth disruption and age at death; and 2) sex differences in stress events and survivorship in later life. Results suggest sex difference in survivorship, with more stress in early life being associated with increased survivorship in males in the case in Japan. In the Kaizenji site, which contains individuals who belonged to the samurai class, results show significantly reduced survivorship in females who experienced early life stress events relative to males. These results can be interpreted to show that females showed reduced survivorship due to different treatment based on gender during the Edo Period..
19.	＠瀬口典子　（九州大学大学院比較社会文化研究院）五十嵐由里子　（日本大学松戸歯学部）＠太田好信　（九州大学大学院比較社会文化研究院）窪田幸子　（神戸大学大学院国際文化学）坂野徹　（日本大学経済学部）石田肇　（琉球大学医学部）, 一般シンポジウム「人骨研究の在り方ーアイヌ遺骨が投げかける問題と人類学の未来を考える」, 第72回日本人類学会大会, 2018.10, アイヌ民族は明治時代に施行された厳しい同化政策の下で、その遺骨が非倫理的に収集される事態が生じた。本シンポジウムでは、1）アイヌ遺骨と人類学の歴史、2）海外における先住民遺骨返還と研究の状況を紹介し、今後の人類学の在り方について考える。.
20.	Noriko Seguchi, The controversies surrounding Ainu skeletal remains-an overview, Open Forum at Law School at the University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2018.09, Ainu rights advocates have been requesting since the early 1980s the repatriation of Ainu skeletal remains that had been unethically collected by Japanese researchers. However, universities and the government declined to return them, while physical anthropologists argued that returning them would mean that valuable scientific knowledge would be lost along with the opportunity to conduct further studies when new techniques became available. In the fall of 2016, the repatriation process of Ainu skeletal remains finally started at Hokkaido University and Sapporo Medical University. Several problems have arisen: the repatriation guideline direct that the remains should be returned to lineal descendants, which is a challenge without identification records; and the Ainu object to a recent study of Ainu mitochondrial DNA by Adachi et al, claiming that this paper did not address ethical considerations. In this talk, I address the current controversies surrounding the repatriation of Ainu human remains and discuss research ethics and the future of anthropology..
21.	＠Noriko Seguchi, The controversies surrounding Ainu skeletal remains, indigenous rights, and research ethics, Center for Japanese Studies Seminar Series, Co-sponsered with the Department of Anthropology, 2018.09, Ainu rights advocates have been request-ing since the early 1980s the repatriation of Ainu skeletal remains that had been unethi-cally collected by Japanese researchers. However, universities and the government declined to return them, while physical an-thropologists argued that returning them would mean that valuable scientific knowledge would be lost along with the opportunity to conduct further studies when new techniques became available. In the fall of 2016, the repatriation process of Ainu skeletal remains finally started at Hokkaido University and Sapporo Medical University. Several problems have arisen: the repatriation guideline direct that the re-mains should be returned to lineal descend-ants, which is a challenge without identifi-cation records; and the Ainu object to a re-cent study of Ainu mitochondrial DNA by Adachi et al, claiming that this paper did not address ethical considerations. In this talk, I address the current controversies surrounding the repatriation of Ainu hu-man remains and discuss research ethics and the future of anthropology..
22.	＠Noriko Seguchi, The repatriation of Ainu skeletal remains and ethical considerations, モンタナ州立大学　社会学人類学部の招聘講演, 2018.09.
23.	瀬口典子, 先住民遺骨が投げかける問題と人類学の未来：アメリカの事例と日本, 第72回日本人類学会大会, 2018.10, アメリカでは先住民遺骨返還が始まって既に四半世紀以上が経つ。当初は遺骨を保管する大学・博物館側と先住民側の両方に敵愾心や戸惑いがあったが、返還プロセスは標準化された骨学的手法、新しい研究手法の発展、遺骨管理の設備向上、倫理的研究遂行の礎となった。28年の間には、アメリカ先住民との共同返還作業によって、お互いが教え合い、確実に和解が進んだケースもあり、希望もみえる。日本の状況はアメリカとは異なることも多々あるが、アイヌから遺骨返還を要求され、先住民研究の意義が問われている今、負の歴史を抱える学問に携わる人類学者は、先住民との溝を埋めるために何をすべきなのか、この分野の未来を考えるきっかけにしたい。.
24.	瀬口典子, 自然人類学からみた性差・ジェンダー・セクシュアリティー, 第７回地球社会統合科学シンポジウム　「多様性共存の可能性：ジェンダー・セクシュアリテイ・クイアの観点から」, 2018.06.
25.	Noriko Seguchi and Hirotaka Tomita, Access to human skeletal remains collections and research opportunities in Japan, Global History of Health Project: Health, Disease, and Lifestyle, 2018.05, A number of human skeletal remains from the prehistoric Jomon Period to modern times are available for study in Japan. However, only a few institutions post information or a database of their collections on-line. Also, it is rare to find English language on-line pages. Most institutions, university, national, and local museums are open to researchers from all over the world. However, some institutions do not allow undergraduate students to access skeletal remains. Some institutions require a research proposal and the completion of a request form about their research, as well as asking for signatures on institutional forms agreeing to follow the guidelines for each institution. However, only a few institutions prepare such research request forms in English. Although the major national universities and the National Science Museum in Japan have personnel who can communicate in English, a local archaeological museum may not have any personnel able to perform the translations and they may expect researchers to speak and write in Japanese. In addition, foreign researchers must keep in mind that access to archaeological skeletal collections can often be impeded by restrictions mandated by the curation authority because specimens might be in a poor state of preservation. Also, Japan does have an act like the USA’s NAGPRA, designed to protect indigenous graves yet. Thus, there are restrictions on materials connected with indigenous populations of Japan. In this talk, we will highlight which collections biological anthropologists can access for research; provide a few examples of the compositions in some institutions; and discuss the types of information they possess. How to access those collections is introduced and highlighted..
26.	BRIAN D. PADGETT, NORIKO SEGUCHI, Gender disparity in nasal fractures during the Yayoi period of Japan, The 87th annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2018.04, Research on the role of women in past societies has been addressed with growing frequency recently, rectifying an oversight in the history of anthropology. Such research has included violence directed at women, as certain patterns of osseous trauma can indicate lethal versus non-lethal intent, and thus suggest whether or not the assailant was a member of the same community. A recent re-examination of human skeletal remains in Japan dated to the prehistoric Yayoi Period revealed a discrepancy in the number of nasal fractures between adult males and females. Among the observed remains, female skeletons exhibited a higher number of nasal fractures compared to male skeletons. Patterns of fracture suggest blunt force trauma. Observed trauma among postcranial remains varied. Nasal fractures are most often caused by direct impact, and are considered reliable evidence for patterns of non-lethal violent intragroup conflict resolution. The studied assemblages rep resent a comprehensive sample of archaeological sites from northern Kyushu and western Honshu. The subject of this study has long been overlooked in the records of Japanese archaeology. The conclusions contribute to the reconstruction of the reality of the people of the Yayoi period, and helps to clarify the role of women in the development of early Japan..
27.	＠太田好信、＠五十嵐由里子、＠加藤博文、＠小田博志、＠差間正樹、＠石原イツ子、＠關雄二、＠瀬口典子, アイヌ遺骨・副葬品のゆくえ：返還をめぐる科学・文化復興・尊厳の言説, 九州大学比較社会文化研究院シンポジウム, 2018.02, 20世紀初頭から先住民の遺骨や副葬品を収集し、研究対象としてきた考古学、自然人類学、文化人類学は、1980年代以降、先住民からそれらを「本来あるべき場所」に返還するように求められてきた。日本でも1200体を超えるアイヌ民族の遺骨が研究材料として大学に保管されており、それらの返還と適切な埋葬を求める活動は社会的にも注目をあびるようになった（北大開示文書研究会[編]『アイヌの遺骨はコタンの土へ――北大に対する遺骨返還請求と先住権』2016年、緑風出版）。本シンポジウムは、考古学、自然人類学、文化人類学のそれぞれの見解と先住民の見解とを対話関係に置き、返還について考えるとき不可欠な尊厳をめぐる言説の重要性を浮上させ、アイヌ遺骨返還を国民的課題として取り上げることを目標にする。これまでの研究がアイヌ文化復興に寄与するという見解により見えなくなっているアイヌ民族の声を聞き取り、アイヌ遺骨・副葬品の新たな目的地を提唱したい。.
28.	＠瀬口典子, 「人種」優劣と植民地主義に繋がった自然人類学, 2017.11.
29.	＠瀬口典子, Murphy, ＠Mary-Margaret, 考古学的遺骨からカーブデータを収集する際の現実的な問題とその解消, 第７０回日本人類学会大会, 2016.11, 　3次元テクノロジーの進歩は生物人類学の形態計測に大きなインパクトを与えてきた。3次元計測デジタイザーはランドマークやセミランドマークデータの取得にはすぐれた機器である。しかし、保存状態の悪い考古学的人骨から骨に直接触れる方法でカーブデータを取ろうとすると骨を傷つけてしまう可能性がある。このプロジェクトでは、こうした問題解消のために、頭蓋骨のヴァーチャルモデルとデジタイザーから取得したランドマーク、カーブデータの正確さを比較検証した。バーチャルモデルを使うと、１）最大幅、最大長に相当するランドマークを正確に決定でき、２）取得時にカーブデータの質を確認し、随時調整できるという利点が確認できた。.
30.	＠NORIKO SEGUCHI, ＠CONRAD B. QUINTYN, A Craniofacial and Postcranial Survey of North and South American Inhabitants from the Perspective of Possible Old World Ancestors, World Archaeological Congress 8, at Kyoto, 2016.09, This study analyzes variations in craniofacial and postcranial morphology of inhabitants in the Americas, with comparison to the prehistoric Jomon of Japan, other East and Northeast Asians, and worldwide skeletal samples, in order to understand morphological variation and migration to the Americas. Data suggest New World groups show diverse brachial and crural indices with generally wide body breadth. In particular, our results indicate that Windover and Lagoa Santa samples show similar phenotypic traits to Jomon samples that they are almost contemporary with. Further, our results suggest study samples' American ancestors passed through a cold filter in the Beringian Arctic..
31.	瀬口典子, Murphy, Mary-Margaret, Dudzik, Beatrix, 米元史織, Practical reality of taking semi-landmark data on archaeological human remains, The 85th Annual Meeting, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2016.04, Recent advancements in three-dimensional technology have impacted the field of biological anthropology and the use of geometric morphometrics. Three-dimensional digitizers such as Microscribe serve as excellent tools for collecting landmark and semi-landmark data. However, Microscribe requires direct access to skeletal materials, which is a problem on several levels. For instance, recording semi-landmark data over curved areas of bone can compromise poorly preserved specimens. Additionally, access to archaeological skeletal collections can often be impeded by restrictions mandated by the curation authority. This project explores a best-practices data acquisition method for recording semi-landmark data on fragile archaeological human remains, with a case study centered on Japan. For this purpose, we chose the curvature of the maxillary alveolar process as well as traditional craniofacial landmarks. Curve data were taken from 3D virtual cranial models from three collections spanning historical and modern population samples from Japan using Stratovan Checkpoint software. For comparison, we collected 3D coordinate data on modern Japanese skulls using a Microscribe digitizer. Our study incorporates an assessment of the validity of landmark data acquired by Microscribe versus Checkpoint software. However, considering the difficulties of direct collection of curve data, using the Microscribe on actual skulls can present challenges. We demonstrate the process of acquiring curve data on virtual cranial models by using Checkpoint software, which improves data quality and benefits research by: 1) improving accuracy when identifying landmarks corresponding to maximum width and length; and 2) visualizing curve data allows for the determination of data quality and necessary adjustments. This study is funded by the Interdisciplinary Program in Education and Projects in Research Development, Kyushu University, Japan (2014-26304)..
32.	＠NORIKO SEGUCHI , ＠MARY-MARGARET MURPHY, ＠SHIORI YONEMOTO, and ＠BEATRIX DUDZIK, Practical reality of taking semi-landmark data on archaeological human remains, The 85th annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2016.04, Recent advancements in three-dimensional technology have impacted the field of biological anthropology and the use of geometric morphometrics. Three-dimensional digitizers such as Microscribe serve as excellent tools for collecting landmark and semi-landmark data. However, Microscribe requires direct access to skeletal materials, which is a problem on several levels. For instance, recording semi-landmark data over curved areas of bone can compromise poorly preserved specimens. Additionally, access to archaeological skeletal collections can often be impeded by restrictions mandated by the curation authority. This project explores a best-practices data acquisition method for recording semi-landmark data on fragile archaeological human remains, with a case study centered on Japan. For this purpose, we chose the curvature of the maxillary alveolar process as well as traditional craniofacial landmarks. Curve data were taken from 3D virtual cranial models from three collections spanning historical and modern population samples from Japan using Stratovan Checkpoint software. For comparison, we collected 3D coordinate data on modern Japanese skulls using a Microscribe digitizer. Our study incorporates an assessment of the validity of landmark data acquired by Microscribe versus Checkpoint software. However, considering the difficulties of direct collection of curve data, using the Microscribe on actual skulls can present challenges. We demonstrate the process of acquiring curve data on virtual cranial models by using Checkpoint software, which improves data quality and benefits research by: 1) improving accuracy when identifying landmarks corresponding to maximum width and length; and 2) visualizing curve data allows for the determination of data quality and necessary adjustments. This study is funded by the Interdisciplinary Program in Education and Projects in Research Development, Kyushu University, Japan (2014-26304)..
33.	Noriko Seguchi, Conrad B. Quintyn, Variation in body and limb proportions between Early and Archaic Americans and the prehistoric Jomon of Japan, The 84th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropology, 2015.03, In this study, we explore variations in body and limb proportions of the Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,000–2,500 BP); Lagoa Santa, South American (9,000-7,000 BP); Windover, North American (6,000-5,000 BC); Indian Knoll, North American (5000–4000 BP), Santa Cruz Islanders, California (Late Prehistoric 1500-1100 AD); and historic Tierra del Fuego with 11 geographically diverse skeletal samples from Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Americas. Manly’s permutation regression tests indicate that body proportions and body mass are significantly correlated with minimum and maximum temperatures, but not with latitude and longitude. Limb proportions were not significantly correlated with these climatic variables. Principal components plots of body and limb proportions separate “climatic zones:” tropical, temperate, and arctic populations. The New World groups show diverse phenotypes. The principal component plots indicate that Jomon and Lagoa Santa show similar phenotypic proportions: relatively wider body and heat adapted limb proportions. Tierra del Fuego displays cold adapted body and limb proportions. Body proportions of Jomon, Lagoa Santa, Santa Cruz, Windover, and Tierra del Fuego are similar. Interestingly, body and limb proportions of Lagoa Santa, Jomon, and archaic Americans are different compared to Australians. Our previous study show that Jomon exhibit close craniometric affinities with Lagoa Santa and archaic North Americans and distant craniometric affinities with Australians, contra to Neves et al. who suggest that Lagoa Santa is more closely related to Australians. These data suggest that the ancestors of Jomon were important in the peopling of the New World. Supported by Burton Williams Endowment Award, International Research Fund, University of Montana; Career Center for Women Researchers Fund, Kyushu University; College of Liberal Arts, Research and Disciplinary Grants, Bloomsburg University..
34.	瀬口典子, ケネウイックマンから探る「アイヌ･縄文コネクション」とアメリカ大陸最古の先住民の起源, 第６８回日本人類学会, 2014.11, 本発表では1996年にワシントン州ケネウイック近くで発見された北米最古級（約9300年前）のケネウイックマンの系統・起源、およびアメリカ大陸最古の集団の起源について報告する。頭蓋骨計測値分析の結果、ケネウイックマンは世界中のどの集団よりもアイヌ、ポリネシア、縄文時代人と類似性を示す。また、ケネウイックマンと近縁な縄文時代人は北米西海岸から太平洋側を南下するルートに居住していた集団・ブラジル先史時代人・南米の最南端に居住していた集団と類似していた。これらの結果から北東アジア・東アジア沿岸部のに居住していた縄文時代人と近縁な集団は、最初に北米大陸に拡散し、南米へ南下した人々と共通祖先をもつ可能性が示唆された。.
35.	＠Noriko Seguchi, ＠Conrad Quyntin, ＠Hirofumi Takamuku, ＃Shiori Yonemoto, An assessment of phenotypic adaptation of the prehistoric Jomon hunter-gatherers and the Yayoi agriculturalists of Japan: A study of postcranial indices, ratios, and body mass versus eco-geographical variables, The 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2014.04, Human body size and shape exhibit considerable global variation and these follow Bergmann’s and Allen’s rule. Body and limb proportions may shed light on human evolution and ancestral climatic adaptation. In this study, we explore variation in body and limb proportions between Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,000-2,500 BP) and Yayoi agriculturalists (2,500-1,700BP) of Japan with 12 geographically diverse samples from Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North and South America. Brachial-crural indices; femur head breadth-femur length ratio; femur head breadth-lower limb length ratio; and body mass are used as indicators of phenotypic climatic adaptation. Data were subjected to principal components analysis and Manly’s permutation regression tests. The principal component analysis of body proportions and limb proportions were used to interpret how those indices, ratios, and body mass contribute to phenotypic adaptation. The results of Manly tests indicate that body proportions and body mass are significantly correlated with latitude, minimum and maximum temperatures, while limb proportion were not significantly correlate with these climatic variables. Principal components plots separated “climatic zones”: tropical populations, temperate populations, and arctic populations. Yayoi people who were recent migrants from Northeast Asia belong to the temperate populations. They show cold-adapted body and limb proportions. On the other hand, the indigenous Jomon show cold-adapted body proportions and warm-adapted limb proportions. As one considers the past climate of Late Pleistocene and Holocene East/Northeast Asia, it could be interpreted that the Jomon may have achieved cold-adapted physiques, and then adapted to a warmer climate before or after migrations to Japan..
36.	＠Beatrix Dudzik、＠Noriko Seguchi,, Testing the Dual-Structure Hypothesis for the Colonization of the Japanese Archipelago: Evidence from Southern Japan., The 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2014.04, This study builds upon previous research that has investigated cranial variation of prehistoric Japanese populations. Examination of the cranial base and neurocranium was employed to test the Dual-Structure hypothesis, which posits that admixture rather than replacement occurred between the prehistoric Jomon and Eneolithic Yayoi cultures. While prior research has elucidated much of the population and migration history of Japan as a whole using facial dimensions, less emphasis has been placed on the examination of skeletal samples representative of specific geographic areas and temporal continuity.This study examines metric cranial variability utilizing the skeletal collection housed at Kyushu University, which houses samples from Kyushu Island and nearby locales that represent a nearly temporally continuous sequence from the prehistoric Jomon culture to the Medieval period. Additionally, this region-specific sample allows for testing of the dual-structure hypothesis, while building upon recent findings that suggest the neurocranium is a better predictor of population affinity.This preliminary study indicates that the removal of facial landmarks and concentration on dimensions associated with the vault and base provide differential results and alternate interpretations regarding admixture between the Jomon and Yayoi populations. These results support the hypothesis that the cranial vault may provide better resolution for population affinity, as well as provide support for population continuity in the context of prehistoric southern Japan..
37.	瀬口典子, Conrad Quyntin, Hirofumi Takamuku, Shiori Yonemoto, An assessment of phenotypic adaptation to climatic conditions of the prehistoric Jomon and the Yayoi agriculturalists of Japan, 日本人類学会大会, 2013.11.
38.	瀬口典子, 骨から見るヒトの多様性　公開シンポジウム「中等教育で学ぶ人種、民族、とヒトの多様性」, 日本学術会議公開シンポジウム, 2013.04, [URL], 人類移動と拡散の歴史研究、ヒトの身体形質の変異、多様性の要因解明といった、これまでの生物人類学研究の成果から、ヒトの多様性の本質を紹介し、「人種」というのが構築された概念であり、生物学的な実体をもたないことを検証する。.
39.	Noriko Seguchi, Hiroshi Takamuku, Conrad B. Quintyn, A study of postcranial indices, ratios and　body mass versus eco-geographical variables in an assessment of phenotypic adaptation to climatic conditions. , the 82nd Annual meeting of American Association of Physical Anthropologists. , 2013.04, Human body size and shape exhibit considerable global variation. According to Bergmann’s and Allen’s rule, populations in cold climate exhibit larger body and smaller/shorter extremities than populations in hot climate. As such, skeletal limb size proportions may shed light on human evolution and climatic adaptation. In this perspective, we investigate ecogeographic significance of human postcranial diversity. We used brachial-crural indices; femur head breadth-femur length ratio; femur head breadth-lower limb length ratio; and body mass as indicators of phenotypic climatic adaptation among 11 historic and recent sample groups from Africa, Europa, South Asia, East Asia, and North America. Data were subjected to principal components analysis and Manly’s non-parametric correlation tests. The non-parametric correlations were tested between pc scores, indices, ratios, body mass, and ecogeographic variables: latitude, longitude, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature. Significance was calculated after 10,000 permutations in a two-tail test (α = 0.05). Principal components plots exhibit geographic clines from South to North. The first principal component scores (loadings especially for body mass and femur head breadth to femur length ratio) shows weak but statistically significant correlations with latitude and minimum temperature, and a very weak but statistically significant correlation with maximum temperature. Only crural index shows a strong and statistically significant correlation with latitude when variables are tested separately. All significant weak correlations between the regressions of PC scores and latitude, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature indicate some trends in the data for a potential selective mechanism or adaptive pathway occurring in the indices, ratio and body mass. .
40.	NORIKO SEGUCHI, RYAN W. SCHMIDT and ASHLEY McKEOWN. Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula., Testing evolutionary mechanisms for patterns of craniofacial morphology: distinguishing between neutral forces and selective forces of evolution., The 81st Annual meeting of American Association of Physical Anthropologists. , 2012.04, Recent studies have investigated the degree to which cranial morphology reflects population history under control of stochastic microevolutionary processes or conversely, is related to adaptive changes reflected in diverse environmental conditions. Most studies suggest that changes in cranial morphology preserve a strong population history signal and a weaker adaptive or dietary signal. In contrast, some studies have indicated that size-related craniometrics such as cranial form or nasal aperture shape are influenced by selective forces, primarily climatic in nature. Therefore there is still some debate about the use of craniofacial morphology as a legitimate tool to recover recent human evolutionary and population history. Here, we aim to provide a framework for distinguishing between neutral forces and selective forces of evolution as a guide to improve our use of craniofacial traits for reconstructing population history. Twenty-four craniofacial measurements and 15 craniofacial indices from Africa and Europe were used to test whether the observed morphological patterns are due to natural selection and shaped by differences in climate, or to neutral processes and/or gene flow. Data were subjected to non-parametric correlation tests, the Relethford-Blangero method, and spatial analysis, including a test of the 'isolation-by-distance' model using Mantel matrix correlation. Our results indicate the configuration of face and skull modules appears to be neutral. However, weak correlations exist between morphology and climatic variables, specifically nasal and facial height. These correlations indicate some adaptive value to climate, whether from diversifying selection or cultural buffering. These facial dimensions may be useful for investigating various selective pressures. .
41.	瀬口典子、Christina Heiner, 医療と公衆衛生研究における人種概念 , 京都大学人文科学研究所　国際ワークショップ： Humanities and Genomic Research Interface II , 2012.01, Race is a contentious term in the political, social, and public health realms. This paper investigates the use and meaning of race in research in medical and public health by reviewing the history of the social construction of race in the United States and exploring how race is used in public health surveillance. I also question whether it is possible to replace race completely as a variable with other risk factors or variables such as social class, socioeconomic status, or ethnicity. I conclude that although race has social and political implications for health research, it would be difficult for researchers to completely discard race as a variable..
42.	Noriko Seguchi, Differences in the Prevalence of Tuberculosis Mortality Among the Ainu and the Ethnic Japanese during the Early Twentieth Century: Socio-Economic and Political Structural Influences. , in Session : Changing Representations of Indigenous and Migrant Groups in Globalizing Japan: Genes, Bones, and Cultures、 The IUAES/AAS/ASAANZ conference， Perth, Australia, 2011.07, The Ainu are an indigenous people currently residing in present day Hokkaido, Japan. During the Meiji Period (1868-1912), the Ainu suffered persecution and were the targets of the Japanese government assimilation and cultural extinction policies. Governmental policies such as the Aboriginal Protection Act of 1899 not only restricted many aspects of Ainu cultural identity but ultimately lead to deteriorating health for the Ainu. Striped of their cultural identity, denied access to traditional subsistence practices, malnourished and starving Ainu populations faced continual epidemics from various infectious diseases. Tuberculosis in particular emerged in epidemic proportions among Ainu populations in the early part of the twentieth century. This paper relies upon records taken by the Japanese government between 1909 and 1911 among Ainu village populations and some bioarchaeological studies. While the Japanese government and other medical authorities often explained epidemic tuberculosis as a cultural and heredity trait, this work seeks to explain how unfavorable political and social conditions contributed to a high prevalence of tuberculosis and mortality among Ainu individuals. This paper reveals that it was under unfavorable conditions that diseases such as tuberculosis flourished soon affecting entire communities and becoming a leading killer of death among the Ainu. Issues of economic and environmental poverty, however, were disguised by “racially” based discourses that associated tuberculosis with an “uncivilized” lifestyle and genetic traits. Clearly, such a high rate of tuberculosis deaths was rooted in social, political and economic conditions that the Ainu populations had become to know during the 19th and 20th centuries..
43.	Seguchi N, McKewon A, Ousley S, 先住民地域社会と共に歩む自然人類学：知の社会還元を目指して, 第64回日本人類学会大会　北海道大会, 2010.10, Two Laws, NMAIA (The National Museum of the American Indian Act) and NAGPRA (The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act), have had a significant impact on anthropology in the United States. There are misconceptions that physical anthropology research has been prohibited by these laws, and that conflicts between the Native American community and the anthropological community have become inevitable. However, an examination of the situation demonstrates that physical anthropologists have continued to make significant contributions to Native American groups through research that highlights “cultural affiliation” of the Native American remains when there are no other ways to assess cultural affiliation through documentation. Physical anthropologists have been making great efforts to engender good relationships between the museum community and the Native American community, in addition to their efforts to understand ancient and recent population history in North America. This paper addresses the important role and responsibility of physical anthropologists in the study of the human remains of Native Americans. .
44.	瀬口典子, Population history and substructure of Anatolia and Turkey as evidenced by craniofacial diversity, 北里大学医学部解剖学セミナー, 2010.06, Anatolia, the Asian segment of modern day Turkey, is an area of evolutionary importance for human groups who, geographically, have used this corridor as a bridge for migration between the Caucasus, the Western Asia and Europe since lower Paleolithic times. Anatolia has been populated by numerous civilizations throughout its history and has been subject to multiple migrations from peoples originating in the East and West. This study attempts to understand Turkey’s diverse history and biological variation by examining craniofacial diversity in multiple time periods. Using a quantitative approach to trait variation coupled with multivariate statistical analyses and a population genetic model, this study attempts to make inferences regarding Anatolian and Turkish human variation that have posited high levels of genetic diversity due to multiple groups inhabiting the region over time spanning time periods from the Neolithic (8000 – 5000 BCE) to the present. Further, the population structure of Turkey are explored using a quantitative genetic approach. Our hypothesis posits gradual craniofacial change through time as a result of successive migrations and population movement in and out of Anatolia. Various molecular markers have been used to analyze the genetic diversity of Anatolia to make inferences about possible genetic contribution from populations inhabiting other regions, including the Balkans, central Asia, and East Asia. These studies show that the people of Anatolia are a heterogeneous population, with various genetic contributions coming from migrations that have continually occurred in the past. Our results follow these published genetic results, which suggest an intermediate, or stepping stone position between Asian and European populations. .
45.	瀬口典子, Population history and substructure of Anatolia and Turkey as evidenced by craniofacial diversity, 日本大学松戸歯学部解剖学招待講演, 2010.06.
46.	瀬口典子, Population history and substructure of Anatolia and Turkey as evidenced by craniofacial diversity, 琉球大学医学部解剖学セミナー, 2010.05.
47.	N. Seguchi, S. Eroglu, R.W. Schmidt, C.L. Brace , Population history and substructure of Anatolia and Turkey as evidenced by craniofacial diversity, The 79th Annual Meeting of American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2010.04, Anatolia, the Asian segment of Turkey, is an area of evolutionary importance for human groups who used this corridor as a bridge for migration between the Caucasus, Western Asia and Europe since Lower Paleolithic times. Historically, Anatolia has been occupied by diverse civilizations, including the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. This study is an attempt to understand Turkish population substructure and history by examining craniofacial diversity through several temporal periods framed within a population genetic model. If the region of Anatolia has been used as a migratory corridor for peoples spanning disparate geographic areas (Balkans, Central Asia, and East Asia), then gradual craniofacial change is expected due to these migrations coupled with extensive admixture. Studies using mtDNA indicate a pre-Neolithic expansion resulting in extensive migration, while Y chromosome studies reveal haplogroup clustering and gene flow from the Caucus with less admixture from Central and East Asia. Overall, our results indicate minimal Turkish population substructure. When crania were separated into sex, our results are consistent with uniparental marker population history. Female crania show a distinctness with modern groups and are actually more similar to Neolithic European and Near Eastern populations. This would indicate a relatively stable female population in Anatolia since Neolithic times. Male crania are more heterogeneous and cluster within a larger geographic zone of Eurasia and the Near East consistent with greater male migration. There is little support for admixture from Central or East Asian groups. These results support the hypothesis for a Turkic language displacement with insignificant genetic exchange. .
48.	R.W. Schmidt1, B. Christy1, A. Burch1, A.R. Nelson2, N. Seguchi1,2 1 The Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula 2 Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor , The People of the Xiongnu Culture (3rd century B.C. to 2nd Century A.D.): Insights into the biological diversity of the earliest Eurasian nomadic Steppe Empire, the78th Annual meeting of American Association of Physical Anthropologists., 2009.04, The prehistory of Mongolia is characterized as a complex interaction of nomadic peoples throughout central Eurasia. Recent archaeological, genetic, and biological data support this theory. This study takes a quantitative genetic approach to these relationships by analyzing craniometric data in order to elucidate questions concerning the origins and diversity of one particular time period known as the Xiongnu. By 2200 BP, much of Inner Asia became integrated and began to develop large-scale nomadic polities. The Xiongnu were the first nomadic steppe empire contemporaneous with the Qin and Han dynasties of China (2221 – 1800 BP) and was constructed from diverse political and economic traditions through the integrative process of distinct Inner Asian peoples. Centrally located in north central Mongolia, Xiongnu archaeological culture has been identified from Manchuria to Kazakhstan. This presentation attempts to quantify Xiongnu biological diversity through the analyses of craniometric data within a population genetic model (Relethford-Blangero). Samples include various temporal and geographic contexts from excavations throughout Mongolia, in addition to the inclusion of several other geographic samples from Eurasia, East Asia, and North America. Several multivariate analyses were performed to ascertain within-group and among-group variability to place the Xiongnu sample within a broader biological context. Our results show that Xiongnu burials were similar to known Mongolian samples from other temporal periods. However, analyses also indicate higher within-group variability for the Xiongnu, which may reflect the elite status of peoples accounting for the creation of this incipient steppe empire. .
49.	N. Seguchi1, 2, H. Umeda3. 1Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula, 2Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 3Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Japan., Re-analysis of the Ainu Samurai hypothesis using population genetic analysis, The 77th　Annual meeting of American Association of Physical Anthropologists., 2008.04, In 1989, Brace et al. published the paper “Reflections on the Face of Japan” in The American Journal of Physical Anthropology, in which the authors analyzed both craniofacial metric and odontometric data of the remains of the victims of the attack on the city of Kamakura in the summer of A.D. 1333, and they suggested that the Ainu made a recognizable genetic contribution to the warrior class of Kamakura. In the current paper, I report the results of a re-analysis of Brace’s data from a series of prehistoric and historic skeletal samples from Japan by utilizing newer population genetic and statistical analysis: the Relethford-Blangero method. Craniometric analysis shows that the Kamakura falls between the Jomon-Ainu cluster and the ethnic Japanese cluster. Although the total tooth size and the cross-sectional size of each tooth category of the Kamakura are larger than the Ainu and smaller than the other Japanese groups, the genetic distances based on odontometric data indicate that the Kamakura is rather closer to the ethnic Japanese than to the Ainu. Because microevolutionary trends obscure patterns of gene flow and population ancestry, the odontometric data were detrended. The result shows that the Kamakura ties to the Ainu first, before it ties to the other ethnic Japanese. In addition, the Kamakura group shows more variability, indicating that the Kamakura group may have experienced significantly more gene flow. This indicates the Ainu-derived people who lived in East Japan at that time made a genetic contribution to the warrior class of Kamakura. .
50.	Seguchi　N., Persisting Myths of Biological Difference: The Present-day Effects of Biological Anthropology’s Legacy in Japan, The Annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, 2007.12, The search for the origins of the Japanese was initiated by foreign scholars, such as F. F. Siebold, E. S. Morse, and E. Von Baelz in the 19th Century. They were particularly interested in the Ainu on the northernmost island of Hokkaido, the imputed ethnic minority of Japan vis-à-vis the dominant “ethnic Japanese.” The primary focus of physical anthropological research in Japan has also been the origins of “the Japanese” since the establishment of the Anthropological society of Nippon in 1884. In many ways this focus persists and is manifest in paridigmatic oppositions, such as the Ainu vs. the ethnic Japanese, and the hunter-gatherer Jomon vs. the rice agriculturalist Yayoi. Young generations of Japanese scholars now focus on evolutionary trends and biological variability of inhabitants in Japan; however, when the origins of the Japanese are introduced to a popular audience, the biological ‘Japaneseness’ is emphasized rather than the realm of variability. A similar phenomenon can be seen in U.S. physical anthropology, where we see the persistent recirculation of particularly dyads, including the Paleoindians vs. the living Native Americans, and the precontact Native Americans vs. the European immigrants in the mission period. Through consideration of bioanthropological theorizing about Japan in the past and the present, I will examine the ways that dominant typologies and analytical frameworks often wrought from political agendas of years past continue to influence the ways that present-day projects, including my own, are pursued, and even more frequently, how they are packaged for a popular audience. .
51.	瀬口典子, アメリカ自然人類学会の近年の動向, in the invited symposium, “Trends in academic societies for physical anthropology in the world," at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Anthropological Society of Nippon, 2007.10, The American Association of Physical Anthropologist was established by Hrdlička in 1930. The association has approximately 1700 members including foreign scholars. The AAPA has many student memberships. Among the members, the number of regular members is 788, and the number of student members is 365. The AAPA publishs : the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (AJPA), the Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, and on-line newsletter, Physical Anthropology. The Journal Citation Report on 2004 indicates that the impact factor for the AJPA was 2.693 which was the second rank among all other anthropological journals. The Yearbook of Physical anthropology was ranked the third. During 2004-2005, Osteology/Paleopatholgy had a higher submission rate, then Population genetics/History was the next highest submission area with Living Primates a close third. In this symposium, I report more details on the history of the AJPA, the financial situation, the current academic trends within the AJPA. .
52.	N. Seguchi1, 2, H. Umeda3, A.R. Nelson2, 4, C.L. Brace2. 1Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, 2Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 3School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 4Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie., Population movement into the Japanese Archipelago during antiquity: a craniofacial and odontometric perspective. In Symposium: Bioarchaeological Perspectives on Migration and Human Health, In Symposium: Bioarchaeological Perspectives on Migration and Human Health in Ancient East Asia. The 76th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2006. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 28-31, 2007. , 2007.03.
53.	N.Seguchi1, 2, H.Umeda3, A.R.Nelson2,4, and C.L.Brace2. 1Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, 2Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 3School of Science, University of Tokyo, 4Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie., Do Early South Americans Show Biological Similarity to Australians?: Lagoa Santa in odontometric and craniometric perspective. , The 75th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2006.03, In this study, odontometric and craniometric data are used to assess the similarities and differences between the Brazilian Paleoindian Lagoa Santa and major population groups of the world. Neves (1991, 2003, 2005) suggest that Lagoa Santa is more closely related to Australian Aborigines than Native Americans and Northeast Asians using Howells' worldwide comparative craniometric dataset. On the other hand, in our previous study we concluded that Lagoa Santa individuals exhibit close craniometric affinities with Archaic Indians of North America and the prehistoric Jōmon of Japan, and do not show a resemblance to Australians. Using odontometric data we obtained results that support our previous craniometric study. First, it is well-known that human tooth size underwent a reduction during the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. The total dental size of modern Australians is much larger than Lagoa Santa. Second, the tooth size profiles of the Early Jōmon are similar to Lagoa Santa except for the canines. Third, the profiles of cross-sectional areas of each tooth show that Lagoa Santa exhibits closer affinities to Tierra del Fuego, Michigan Native Americans and Polynesians which can be Jōmon-derived groups rather than to Australians and Melanesians. Fourth, the results of multivariate statistics indicate that Lagoa Santa is closer to Michigan Native Americans and Tierra del Fuego than to Australians. Using both odontometric and cranioimetric data, our results suggest that Lagoa Santa is derived from the inhabitants of Northeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene including the ancestors of the Jōmon and not from Australia. .
54.	N.Seguchi1, 2, H.Umeda3, A.R.Nelson2,4, and C.L.Brace2. 1Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, 2Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 3School of Science, University of Tokyo, 4Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie., Do Early South Americans Show Biological Similarity to Australians?: Lagoa Santa in odontometric and craniometric perspective. , The 75th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2006.03, In this study, odontometric and craniometric data are used to assess the similarities and differences between the Brazilian Paleoindian Lagoa Santa and major population groups of the world. Neves (1991, 2003, 2005) suggest that Lagoa Santa is more closely related to Australian Aborigines than Native Americans and Northeast Asians using Howells' worldwide comparative craniometric dataset. On the other hand, in our previous study we concluded that Lagoa Santa individuals exhibit close craniometric affinities with Archaic Indians of North America and the prehistoric Jōmon of Japan, and do not show a resemblance to Australians. Using odontometric data we obtained results that support our previous craniometric study. First, it is well-known that human tooth size underwent a reduction during the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. The total dental size of modern Australians is much larger than Lagoa Santa. Second, the tooth size profiles of the Early Jōmon are similar to Lagoa Santa except for the canines. Third, the profiles of cross-sectional areas of each tooth show that Lagoa Santa exhibits closer affinities to Tierra del Fuego, Michigan Native Americans and Polynesians which can be Jōmon-derived groups rather than to Australians and Melanesians. Fourth, the results of multivariate statistics indicate that Lagoa Santa is closer to Michigan Native Americans and Tierra del Fuego than to Australians. Using both odontometric and cranioimetric data, our results suggest that Lagoa Santa is derived from the inhabitants of Northeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene including the ancestors of the Jōmon and not from Australia. .

作品・ソフトウェア・データベース等

1.	Hiroaki Oe, Noriko Seguchi, Boot6, Discr, Scoreplot, 2000.09 Completed the migration of the previous written programs (H, Oe and N. Seguchi) “boot6,” “discr,” and “scoreplot” written for Splus program into R program..
2.	Hideyuki Umeda, Noriko Seguchi, Rmatrix and Relethford Blangero method, 2006.09 R and FORTRAN Program of “the model-bound approaches using Relethford and Harpending Method (1994) and Relethford and Blangero Method (1990) in order to estimate evolutionary and demographic parameters affecting population structure and microevolutionary change (Combining craniometric variation and genetic theory)” is imporved, adding the function of removal of small sample bias, with professor Hideyuki Umeda, School of Science, Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Japan. .
3.	C Loring Brace, Russell Nelson, Noriko Seguchi, The University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology craniofacial and odontometric database, 1986.09 World-wide dataset of craniofacial metric data and odontometric data.

学会活動

所属学会名

Dental Anthropology Association

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

日本生理人類学会

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

American Association of Physical Anthropologists

日本人類学会

American Anthropological Association

学協会役員等への就任

2021.04～2022.04, 日本人類学会, 運営委員.

2019.10～2023.12, COD-International, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 評議員.

2018.03～2020.03, Dental Anthropology Association, 運営委員.

2017.12～2024.12, 日本人類学会, 評議員.

学会大会・会議・シンポジウム等における役割

2022.06.03～2022.06.05, 第56回日本文化人類学会研究大会倫理委員会特別シンポジウム「アイヌ民族に関する研究倫理指針（案）」から考える、文化人類学の過去と未来にむけての展望　, コメンテイター.

2022.04.23～2022.04.23, ダーバン会議+20, コメンテイター.

2021.09.25～2021.09.25, 第4回琉球人骨問題を考える対話シンポジウム, コメント　発表.

2021.07.14～2021.07.14, Intentional Cranial Modification - Group Zoom Meeting 2021, Organizers: Qian Wang, Quanchao Zhang, Noriko Seguchi.

2019.11.20～2019.11.23, The 118th Annual meeting of American Anthropological Association, Co-organizer and Chair.

2018.11～2018.11.05, 第72回日本人類学会　一般シンポジウム人骨研究の在り方ーアイヌ遺骨が投げかける問題と人類学の未来を考える, 　シンポジウム提案者　.

2018.02.11～2018.02.11, アイヌ遺骨・副葬品のゆくえ返還をめぐる科学・文化復興・尊厳の言説, 企画、コメンテーター.

2016.08.27～2016.09.02, World Archaeological Congress 8 , Session Co-organizer.

2014.12.20～2014.12.21, ヒトの多様性・ジェンダー・セクシュアリティをめぐる文理融合ワークショップ, 司会（Moderator）.

2016.09.01～2016.09.01, World Archaeological Congress, Session Co-organizer.

2014.12.20～2016.12.21, ヒトの多様性・ジェンダー・セクシュアリティをめぐる文理融合ワークショップ , 企画、司会、通訳.

学会誌・雑誌・著書の編集への参加状況

2017.04～2021.03, Anthropological Science, Japanese version, 国内, 編集委員.

2016.03～2016.07, Springer, 国際, 出版本のプロポーザル査読者.

2016.03～2016.06, BMC Genetics, 国際, .

2011.08～2011.08, PloS ONE, 国際, .

2009.09～2009.10, Proceedings B, 国際, .

2009.04～2022.03, Anthropological Science, 国際, .

2009.04～2009.05, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 国際, .

2008.03～2008.08, World Archaeology, 国際, .

2008.05～2008.05, PSC-CUNY Research Awards Proposal, 国際, 査読委員.

2007.05～2007.06, Current Anthropology, 国際, .

2004.04～2022.03, Anthropological Science, 国際, 編集委員.

学術論文等の審査

年度	外国語雑誌査読論文数	日本語雑誌査読論文数	国際会議録査読論文数	合計
2022年度	2	2		4
2021年度	2			2
2020年度	3			3
2019年度	1		1	2
2018年度	4	1		5
2018年度	1	1		2
2017年度	1			1
2016年度	2			2
2015年度	1			1
2011年度	1			1
2009年度	3			3
2008年度	2			2
2007年度	1			1

その他の研究活動

海外渡航状況, 海外での教育研究歴

Texas A ＆M University, School of Dentistry, Southern Methodist University, University of Texas, Arlington, UnitedStatesofAmerica, UnitedStatesofAmerica, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2022.09～2022.09.

The University of Montana, Missoula, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2022.08～2022.09.

The University of Montana, Missoula, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2022.03～2022.04.

The University of Montana, Missoula, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2021.07～2021.09.

The University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2020.03～2020.07.

Museo Nacional de Antropología, MNA 国立人類学博物館, Teotihuacan archaeological site and Museum　テオティワカン遺跡と博物館, アステカ大神殿遺跡、博物館, モンテアルバン遺跡、アツォンパ遺跡、遺跡博物館, Mexico, 2020.02～2020.03.

The University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2019.03～2019.07.

Department of Anthropology, Social Science Research Lab, the University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA, Department of Anthropology, The University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, USA, the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA), UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2018.08～2018.09.

Research center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, China, China, 2018.05～2018.05.

Department of Anthropology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2017.09～2017.09.

Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula MT USA, Department of Anthropology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, UnitedStatesofAmerica, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2017.08～2017.10.

Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula MT USA, Social Science Reserach Lab, The University of Montana, Missoula MT USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2017.02～2017.06.

Department of Anthropology, Montana State Unviersity, Bozeman, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2016.03～2016.03.

Social Science Research Lab and Depertment of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula MT , UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2015.03～2015.04.

Social Science Research Lab and Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2014.08～2014.10.

Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, Missoula　MT. USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2014.03～2014.04.

Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula MT USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2013.03～2013.03.

Department of Anthropology The University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2002.08～2012.06.

Museum of Anthropology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2000.04～2009.06.

外国人研究者等の受入れ状況

2016.10～2017.12, 1ヶ月以上, The Ohio State University, Department of Anthropology, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 外国政府・外国研究機関・国際機関.

2013.06～2013.08, 1ヶ月以上, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 日本学術振興会.

受賞

Best Dissertation Nomination Awards, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, 2000.05.

研究資金

科学研究費補助金の採択状況(文部科学省、日本学術振興会)

2020年度～2020年度, 基盤研究(A), 分担, 先住民族研究形成に向けた人類学と批判的社会運動を連携する理論の構築.

2019年度～2023年度, 新学術領域研究, 代表, 集団の拡散と文明形成に伴う遺伝的多様性と身体的変化の解明.

2019年度～2023年度, 新学術領域研究, 分担, 出ユーラシアの統合的人類史学：文明創出メカニズムの解明　総括班.

2018年度～2020年度, 基盤研究(B), 分担, 先住民の視点からグローバル・スタディーズを再構築する領域横断研究.

2016年度～2021年度, 基盤研究(S), 連携, 科研（S)「人種化のプロセスとメカニズムに関する複合的研究」.

学内資金・基金等への採択状況

2017年度～2017年度, 「院長裁量経費によるプロジェクト」, 分担, シンポジウム「アイヌ遺骨・副葬品のゆくえ」.

2014年度～2014年度, 九州大学教育研究プログラム・研究拠点形成プロジェクト (九大P＆P）, 代表, 3次元分析による古人骨上顎歯槽骨形態の時代変化の研究.

九大関連コンテンツ

pure2017年10月2日から、「九州大学研究者情報」を補完するデータベースとして、Elsevier社の「Pure」による研究業績の公開を開始しました。

九州大学知的財産本部「九州大学Seeds集」

QIR　九州大学学術情報リポジトリシステム情報科学研究院

比較社会文化研究院


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