| 平舘 俊太郎（ひらだて しゆんたろう） | データ更新日：2024.03.29 |
教授 ／
農学研究院
環境農学部門
生産環境科学講座
| 1. | Kenji Hata, Syuntaro Hiradate, Naoki Kachi, Soil phosphorous is the primary factor determining species-specific plant growth depending on soil acidity in island ecosystems with severe erosion, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-023-38934-9, 13, 1, 2023.07, Abstract Disturbances caused by invasive ungulates alter soil environments markedly and can prevent ecosystem recovery even after eradication of the ungulates. On oceanic islands, overgrazing and trampling by feral goats has caused vegetation degradation and soil erosion, which can alter soil chemistry. To understand the effects of the changes on plant performance, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess herbaceous species growth under various soil conditions with phosphorous, nutrients, and acidity. Subsoil was collected from Nakodo-jima in the northwest Pacific. Six herbaceous species dominating the island were grown in soils with three levels of added CaCO3 and P2O5 and two levels of added KNO3. After 4 weeks of growth, the total dry plant weight was significantly lower with no added P2O5, regardless of the addition of KNO3. Three species weighed more under P2O5 and KNO3 addition in high-pH soil, whereas the remaining three weighed less. Our results indicated that herbaceous species growth is limited primarily by phosphorous availability; the limitation is dependent on soil pH, and the trend of dependency differs among species. This implies that ecosystems with extreme disturbances cannot recover without improving the soil chemistry.. |
| 2. | Katsuhiko Yoshida, Kenji Hata, Kazuto Kawakami, Syuntaro Hiradate, Takeshi Osawa, Naoki Kachi, Predicting ecosystem changes by a new model of ecosystem evolution, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-023-42529-9, 13, 1, 2023.09, Abstract In recent years, computer simulation has been increasingly used to predict changes in actual ecosystems. In these studies, snapshots of ecosystems at certain points in time were instantly constructed without considering their evolutionary histories. However, it may not be possible to correctly predict future events unless their evolutionary processes are considered. In this study, we developed a new ecosystem model for reproducing the evolutionary process on an oceanic island, targeting Nakoudojima Island of the Ogasawara Islands. This model successfully reproduced the primitive ecosystem (the entire island covered with forest) prior to the invasion of alien species. Also, by adding multiple alien species to this ecosystem, we were able to reproduce temporal changes in the ecosystem of Nakoudojima Island after invasion of alien species. Then, we performed simulations in which feral goats were eradicated, as had actually been done on the island; these suggested that after the eradication of feral goats, forests were unlikely to be restored. In the ecosystems in which forests were not restored, arboreous plants with a high growth rate colonized during the early stage of evolution. As arboreous plants with a high growth rate consume a large amount of nutrient in soil, creating an oligotrophic state. As a result, plants cannot grow, and animal species that rely on plants cannot maintain their biomass. Consequently, many animals and plants become extinct as they cannot endure disturbances by alien species, and the ecosystem loses its resilience. Therefore, even if feral goats are eradicated, forests are not restored. Thus, the founder effect from the distant past influences future ecosystem changes. Our findings show that it is useful to consider the evolutionary process of an ecosystem in predicting its future events.. |
| 3. | 水谷嘉之, 大門奈那子, 藤井琢馬, 西美弥子, 平舘俊太郎, 三重県北中部の低地に分布する水田土壌の特性と分類, ペドロジスト, 66, 1, 17-30, 2022.06. |
| 4. | Masatoshi Ooshima, Noriko Yamaguchi, Yoko Nakanishi, Yoshimi Hitomi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Changes in chemical form of phosphorus in rice bran during fermentation process as determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.2022.2083904, 68, 4, 421-428, 2022.06, Rice bran contains appreciable amount of phosphorus (P), which can be used as P fertilizers. The efficiency of the P in the rice bran to plants, however, is low, and the fermentation of the rice bran is proposed to improve the P availability for plants. In the present study, 20 kg of rice bran was aerobically fermented by adding 5 kg of rice husk, 0.025 kg of mulch, and 7 L of water and incubating for 35 days with 6 times of stirring, and the changes in the chemical form of P during the fermentation process were investigated by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical extraction. Most part (84%) of P in the raw rice bran was myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaphosphate (I6P), which is not available for plants. During the fermentation process, I6P was degraded and transformed into plant-available phosphate anions (orthophosphate). The proportions of the orthophosphate increased to 68% after incubating for 19 days with two times of stirring and 92% after incubating for 35 days with six times of stirring. After the fermentation, the orthophosphate was present as plant available precipitates associated with magnesium and the other monovalent cations. In conclusion, rice bran contains low-available I6P as a major P form, and the fermentation of rice bran accelerates the cleavage of the ester bond of I6P and results in the increased proportion of orthophosphate with high availability to plants.. |
| 5. | Tsutsumi Micho, Hiradate Syuntaro, Masashi Yokogawa, Eri Yamakita, Masahito Inoue, Yoshitaka Takahashi, A single application of fertilizer can affect semi-natural grassland vegetation over half a century, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0275808, 17, 11, e0275808-e0275808, 2022.11, 多くの種が生育する半自然草地の復元には、種子の供給源だけでなく、それらの生育に適した土壌環境も必要である。ヨーロッパでは、施肥の履歴のがある草原の土壌が適切な状態になり、草原再生に成功したとみなされるまでに約10年かかるとされている。一方、日本では降水量が多いために塩基性陽イオンが土壌から溶脱し酸性化することや、火山噴出物がリン酸の吸着力の高いアルミニウムや鉄の水酸化物を形成することから、土壌環境の改善にはさらに時間がかかる可能性がある。このような背景のもと、本研究では、i) 日本における半自然草原への半世紀前の施肥の影響がどのように残っているか、ii) 日本における半自然草原の再生に施肥がどのように影響するか、という疑問に答えることを目的とした。半世紀前に1回の施肥が行われたシバが優占する放牧地（改良放牧地）と、そこに隣接する施肥や播種履歴のない半自然草原（在来放牧地）の植生と土壌特性を調査し、次のことが明らかになった。(1) 2つの放牧地のシバの優占度はほぼ同じであったが、種構成は異なっていた。(2) 改良放牧地は在来放牧地よりも種数が少なかった。(3) 窒素、リン、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウムなどの土壌化学性は、改良放牧地の方が在来放牧地より高かった。(4) 分析した多くの土壌化学特性の項目は種構成と関係しており、すなわち富栄養な場所では土壌に生育する外来種の種数は増え、在来種の種数は減少していた。これらのことから、過去の1回の施肥が半世紀以上にわたって日本の半自然草原の土壌特性に影響を与え、種の消失や種組成の変化につながることが示唆された。日本の放牧地において施肥をした場合、多くの種が生育する半自然草原の再生に適した土壌環境に回復するのに半世紀以上必要である可能性が示唆された。（横川によるAbstractの和訳）. |
| 6. | Takashi Osono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Satoru Hobara, Bleaching of leaf litter accelerates the decomposition of recalcitrant components and mobilization of nitrogen in a subtropical forest, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-81206-7, 11, 1, 2021.12, Abstract Selective removal of lignin and other recalcitrant compounds, collectively registered as acid-unhyrolyzable residue (AUR), results in bleaching of leaf litter, but the importance of bleaching in decomposition processes on forest soil has not been fully evaluated. The aims of this study were to elucidate the occurrence of bleached area in decomposing leaf litter and to compare chemical composition between bleached and nonbleached portions in a subtropical forest in Japan. Field incubation of leaf litter was performed over an 18-month period with the litterbag method. The decomposition processes during the first 9 month were characterized by the relatively rapid mass loss and increase of bleached area, whereas the mass loss was slowed down and the bleached area decreased thereafter. Mass loss of leaf tissues was faster and AUR content was lower in bleached than in nonbleached portions, indicating the acceleration of mass loss in bleached leaf tissues by the selective decomposition of recalcitrant compounds. The decrease in carbonyl-C in the bleached portions was associated with the increase of extractable nitrogen. The results suggest that the bleaching plays a dominant role in the transformation and turnover of organic compounds and nitrogen in decomposing leaf litter.. |
| 7. | Jithya Nawodi Wijesinghe, Hiroyuki Asaoka, Yuki Mori, Syuntaro Hiradate, Depth profile of plant nutrients and acidity in a non-allophanic Andosol as affected by a half-century of fertilization, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.2021.1887711, 67, 3, 211-221, 2021.05, 半自然草原として維持されてきた草地が、約50前に人工改良草地として施肥管理が施されるようになった結果、土壌に施用されたカルシウムとマグネシウムは交換性イオンとして地下1mにまで達していること、もともと強酸性だった土壌は下層土まで弱酸性化されており酸性障害は起こらないレベルまで中和されていること、土壌中でほとんど動かないと考えられているリン酸も80～100cmまで到達していることが明らかになった。このような施肥管理が今後も続けば、施用した成分はいずれ地下水や周辺環境を汚染することが懸念される。. |
| 8. | Chengming Zhang, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshinobu Kusumoto, Sayaka Morita, Tomoyo F. Koyanagi, Qingnan Chu, Toshihiro Watanabe, Ionomic Responses of Local Plant Species to Natural Edaphic Mineral Variations, Frontiers in Plant Science, 10.3389/fpls.2021.614613, 12, 2021.03, [URL], Leaf ionome indicates plant phylogenetic evolution and responses to environmental stress, which is a critical influential factor to the structure of species populations in local edaphic sites. However, little is known about leaf ionomic responses of local plant species to natural edaphic mineral variations. In the present study, all plant species and soil samples from a total of 80 soil sites in Shiozuka Highland were collected for multi-elemental analysis. Ioniomic data of species were used for statistical analysis, representing 24 species and 10 families. Specific preferences to ionomic accumulation in plants were obviously affected by the phylogeny, whereas edaphic impacts were also strong but limited within the phylogenetic preset. Correlations among elements resulted from not only elemental synergy and competition but also the adaptive evolution to withstand environmental stresses. Furthermore, ionomic differences of plant families were mainly derived from non-essential elements. The majority of variations in leaf ionome is undoubtedly regulated by evolutionary factors, but externalities, especially environmental stresses also have an important regulating function for landscape formation, determining that the contributions of each factor to ionomic variations of plant species for adaptation to environmental stress provides a new insight for further research on ionomic responses of ecological speciation to environmental perturbations and their corresponding adaptive evolutions.. |
| 9. | 平舘俊太郎, 北硫黄島に分布する土壌, 小笠原研究, 47, 61-72, 2021.02, [URL]. |
| 10. | Jithya Nawodi Wijesinghe, Jun Koarashi, Mariko Atarashi-Andoh, Yoko Saito-Kokubu, Noriko Yamaguchi, Takashi Sase, Mamoru Hosono, Yudzuru Inoue, Yuki Mori, Syuntaro Hiradate, Formation and mobility of soil organic carbon in a buried humic horizon of a volcanic ash soil, GEODERMA, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114417, 374, 2020.09, [URL], A buried humic horizon (C-14 age between 5.4 and 6.8 kyr BP) of a volcanic ash soil in Aomori, Japan, which was collected from the depth between 147 and 187 cm at 5 cm-interval (total eight sub-horizon samples), was investigated to clarify the degree of biological transformation and mobility of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions. The SOC fractions were prepared from each sub-horizon sample by extraction and precipitation procedures with controlling pH of the extracted solution, resulting in humin, humic acid (HA), and four fulvic acid (FA) fractions (two hydrophilic FA fractions: FA(1) and FA(2), and two hydrophobic FA fractions: FA(3) and FA(IHss)). The prepared SOC fractions were characterized by C-14 age and stable isotopic ratios of C-13 (delta C-13) and N-15 (delta N-15). The hydrophilic FA fractions showed the highest delta C-13 and delta N-15 values, indicating that these SOC fractions had been most enriched with C-13 and N-15 by biological metabolic processes. On the other hand, the HA fraction showed the lowest delta C-13 and delta N-15 values, therefore this fraction would have been less-metabolized, although HA fraction has been regarded as well-processed in general. The C-14 age of the HA fraction was almost same as the deposition age of the corresponding sub-horizon, indicating that the C in the HA fraction would have been fixed in situ right after photosynthesis by plants at the early stage of soil formation and chemically stabilized at soil surface, by fire event, etc. The average rates of vertical translocation of the SOC fractions were low (humin and HA fractions:  |
| 11. | 吉田 勝彦, 畑 憲治, 川上 和人, 平舘 俊太郎, 大澤 剛士, 可知 直毅, Ecosystem changes following the eradication of invasive species: evaluation of various eradication scenarios by computer simulation, Ecological Modelling, 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108831, 413, 108831, 2019.12, [URL]. |
| 12. | 藤井 一至, 松浦 陽次郎, 菅野 均志, 高田 裕介, 平舘 俊太郎, 田村 憲司, 平井 英明, 小崎 隆, 高等学校地理科目における土壌教育内容の更新の必要性, ペドロジスト, 10.18920/pedologist.63.2_73, 63, 2, 73-81, 2019.12, 2022年から実施される学習指導要領の改訂では，地理歴史科の科目が「地理総合」，「地理探求」に変更となり，地図や地理情報システムの活用による国際性，主体的な思考力の養成が求められることとなった。これにあわせて，土壌に関して国内外で蓄積されてきた研究成果を基礎にした，正確な地図および用語を高校生が活用できるように，高校地理の土壌に関わる教育内容の更新が喫緊の課題である。そこで，現行の高校地理（地理Ｂ）の教科書にみられる用語および地図の問題点を整理し，教育内容の修正・更新案を提示した。具体的には，(1)チェルノーゼム，プレーリー土，パンパ土，栗色土の統一，(2)単独の土壌分類名と対応しないツンドラ土の削除，(3)「ラテライト」の削除とフェラルソル（ラトソル）への統一，(4)ポドゾル，フェラルソルの分布域の過大評価の修正，(5)テラロッサ，テラローシャを含む「粘土集積土壌」の追加，(6)間帯土壌（成帯内性土壌）として黒ボク土，沖積土の追加である。これによって，世界の土壌の分布と生業や文化との関わり，日本の主要な土壌の地理的分布とその特異性の理解促進に貢献できる。. |
| 13. | Syuntaro HIRADATE, Properties of Soils of the Ogasawara Islands: Keys to Understand Past Nature and Find Adequate Management for Future, Global Environmental Research, 23, 1&2, 29-36, 2019.12, [URL], Soil profiles under natural forest vegetation on four islands of the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, were compiled and evaluated based on chemical analysis to learn about the natural habitats of the past and determine adequate management measures for conserving the respective ecosystems. The majority of the soils could be characterized as high acidity (high exchangeable acidity, low pH(H2O) with low pH(KCl)), high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and high proportions of exchangeable Mg over exchangeable Ca and K, and those soils are in fairly early stages of weathering, differing from “laterite” and/or “laterite-like soils.” Available P for plants in the soils is bimodal: very low or very high. The very high level of soil-available P was caused by seabird activities in the past. The high proportion of exchangeable Mg would induce Ca and K deficiency in plants, and this situation would have prevailed in the Ogasawara Islands. Available N for plants in the surface horizons of the soils is generally high and does not limit the ecosystem productivity in many cases of natural forest. Soil erosion would cause fatal effects on the ecosystem by removing the surface horizons and exposing subsoil horizons with extremely high levels of soil acidity, high proportions of exchangeable Mg and low levels of available P and N, with inappropriate permeability and aeration ability for plant growth. Such subsoil horizons would provide very poor conditions for growing plants. Conserving soils is essential and important to the recovery and restoration of the natural vegetation and ecosystems.. |
| 14. | Kenji Hata, Takeshi Osawa, Syuntaro Hiradate, Naoki Kachi, Soil erosion alters soil chemical properties and limits grassland plant establishment on an oceanic island even after goat eradication, Restoration Ecology, 10.1111/rec.12854, 27, 2, 333-342, 2019.03, [URL], Soil erosion after vegetation degradation induced by disturbance by feral goats, an invasive mammal, can lead to loss or accumulation of soil at a local scale and can alter soil chemical properties. This alteration of soil properties can in turn affect the establishment of plant species. We evaluated relationships among the extent of soil erosion, soil chemical properties, and the distribution of plant species in grassland ecosystems after goat eradication on Nakodo-jima Island in the northwestern Pacific. In 105 1 x 1-m quadrats, changes were measured in the position of topsoil over 2 years. Surface soils were sampled for analysis of chemical properties, and plant species in the quadrat were recorded. Changes in the position of topsoil were related to the area of bare ground. Soil loss occurred at sites where areas of bare ground were extremely large. Significantly higher values of soil exchange acidity and smaller amounts of available phosphorus, total carbon, and total nitrogen were detected in soils at sites with large soil losses. Most of the 11 dominant plant species were absent from sites with large losses of soil. The presence of eight species was significantly negatively related to soil exchange acidity, and three species were significantly positively related to available phosphorus. Our results indicated that exposure of subsoils at the soil surface after vegetation degradation can increase soil loss, which can alter soil chemical properties, and this alteration can continue to limit the establishment of plant species, even long after goat eradication.. |
| 15. | Daiki Yokoyama, Taiki Mori, Rota Wagai, Syuntaro Hiradate, Kanehiro Kitayama, Characteristics of phosphorus fractions in the soils derived from sedimentary and serpentinite rocks in lowland tropical rain forests, Borneo, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.2017.1421018, 64, 2, 218-221, 2018.03, [URL], Soil organic phosphorus (P) is an important P source for biota especially in P-limited forests. Organic P has various chemical formations which differ in bioavailability and these organic P can be degraded by phosphatase enzymes. Here, we report soil P fractions inferred from solution 31P-NMR spectroscopy and soil phosphatase activities of two tropical rain forests on contrasting parent materials sedimentary and ultramafic igneous (serpentinite) rocks. Compared to the sedimentary soils and previous studies, P fractions of the serpentinite soils have distinctly high proportions of pyrophosphate and scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate (scyllo-IP6). The accumulation of pyrophosphate and scyllo-IP6 may be related to strong sorptive capacity of iron oxides present in the serpentinite soils, which implies a consequent low P availability in the serpentinite soils. Mean value of soil phosphatase activities was higher in the serpentinite soils than in the sedimentary soils, suggesting that biota in these serpentinite forests depend more on soil organic P as a P source.. |
| 16. | Kamo Tsunashi, Hiradate Syuntaro, Suzuki Ken, Fujita Ichiro, Yamaki Shinji, Yoneda Tadashi, Koitabashi Motoo, Yoshida Shigenobu, Methylobamine, a UVA-Absorbing Compound from the Plant-Associated Bacteria Methylobacterium sp., NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS, 13, 2, 141-143, 2018.02. |
| 17. | Ko Tahara, Syuntaro Hiradate, Koh Hashida, Kenji Shinohara, An aluminum-resistance mechanism in Eucalyptus camaldulensis: complexation between aluminum and oenothein B in presence of organic acids in vitro, Journal of Forest Research, 10.1080/13416979.2017.1326656, 1-4, 2017.05. |
| 18. | Asuka Koyama, Tomoyo F. Koyanagi, Munemitsu Akasaka, Yoshinobu Kusumoto, Syuntaro Hiradate, Masayuki Takada, Kimiko Okabe, Partitioning the plant diversity of semi-natural grasslands across Japan, Oryx, 10.1017/S0030605316001526, 52, 3, 1-8, 2017.02, [URL], Effective conservation of global species diversity requires a clear understanding of spatial scales that support overall diversity across broad scales. Abandonment of semi-natural grasslands has increased their fragmentation and decreased their areal extent. We quantified diversity patterns of plant communities in Japan across hierarchical scales to facilitate the development of an effective nationwide strategy for conserving species diversity in remnant semi-natural grasslands. We applied additive partitioning of plant species diversity, using a nested hierarchical design at three spatial scales (quadrat, grassland, and western and eastern regions of Japan) for three groups of plant species (all species, grassland species and national Red Listed species). We consistently found lower proportions of among-quadrats diversity, and higher proportions of among-grasslands diversity and between-regions diversity in the overall diversity of the entire species complement than would be expected by chance. The high contribution of among-grasslands diversity to overall diversity suggests that each grassland had a unique species content. The second-ranking contributor to overall diversity differed between grassland species and Red Listed species: the second-ranking contributor for grassland species was diversity at the among-quadrats scale but the second-ranking contributor for all species and for Red Listed species was diversity at the between-regions scale. Thus, effective conservation of diversity of the entire species complement in remnant semi-natural grasslands requires preservation of beta diversity in individual grasslands. Our findings highlight the importance of strengthening local preservation and restoration activities within each grassland, and of nationwide strategies for conserving Red Listed species in remnant semi-natural grassland communities.. |
| 19. | Shigenobu Yoshida, Syuntaro Hiradate, Motoo Koitabashi, Tsunashi Kamo, Seiya Tsushima, Phyllosphere Methylobacterium bacteria contain UVA-absorbing compounds, JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY, 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.019, 167, 168-175, 2017.02, [URL], Microbes inhabiting the phyllosphere encounter harmful ultraviolet rays, and must develop adaptive strategies against this irradiation. In this study, we screened bacterial isolates originating from the phyllosphere of various plants which harbored absorbers of ultraviolet A (UVA), a wavelength range which is recognized as harmful to human skin. Of the 200 phyllosphere bacterial isolates we screened, methanol extracts from bacterial cells of seventeen isolates absorbed wavelengths in the range of 315-400 nm. All of the UVA-absorbing strains belonged to Methylobacterium species based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, suggesting that cells of this bacterial genus contain specific UVA-absorbing compounds. When cells of a representative Methylobacterium strain were extracted using various solvents, UVA absorption was observed in the extracts obtained using several aqueous solvents, indicating that the UVA-absorbing compounds were highly polar. A compound was purified using solid columns and HPLC separation, and comparative analysis revealed that the absorption strength and spectrum of the compound were similar to those of the known UVA filter, avobenzone. The compound was also verified to be stable under UVA exposure for at least 480 min. Based on these results, the UVA-absorbing compound harbored by Methylobacterium has potential to be used as a novel sunscreen ingredient. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.. |
| 20. | Katsutoshi Nishino, Misao Shiro, Ryuki Okura, Kazuya Oizumi, Toru Fujita, Takahiro Sasamori, Norihiro Tokitoh, Akiyoshi Yamada, Chihiro Tanaka, Muneyoshi Yamaguchi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Nobuhiro Hirai, The (oxalato)aluminate complex as an antimicrobial substance protecting the "shiro" of Tricholoma matsutake from soil micro-organisms, BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 10.1080/09168451.2016.1238298, 81, 1, 102-111, 2017.01, [URL], Tricholoma matsutake, a basidiomycete, forms ectomycorrhizas with Pinus densiflora as the host tree. Its fruiting body, matsutake in Japanese, is an edible and highly prized mushroom, and it grows in a circle called a fairy ring. Beneath the fairy ring of T. matsutake, a whitish mycelium-soil aggregated zone, called shiro in Japanese, develops. The front of the shiro, an active mycorrhizal zone, functions to gather nutrients from the soil and roots to nourish the fairy ring. Bacteria and sporulating fungi decrease from the shiro front, whereas they increase inside and outside the shiro front. Ohara demonstrated that the shiro front exhibited antimicrobial activity, but the antimicrobial substance has remained unidentified for 50years. We have identified the antimicrobial substance as the (oxalato)aluminate complex, known as a reaction product of oxalic acid and aluminum phosphate to release soluble phosphorus. The complex protects the shiro from micro-organisms, and contributes to its development.. |
| 21. | Ko Tahara, Syuntaro Hiradate, Koh Hashida, Kenji Shinohara, An aluminum-resistance mechanism in eucalyptus camaldulensis Complexation between aluminum and oenothein B in presence of organic acids in vitro, Journal of Forest Research, 10.1080/13416979.2017.1326656, 22, 4, 261-264, 2017.01, [URL], A hydrolyzable tannin, oenothein B, has recently been identified as a novel type of Al-binding and detoxifying ligand in a highly aluminum (Al)-resistant tree, Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Oenothein B is mainly localized in the root symplast, where the known ligands, citrate and oxalate, are also present. In this study, to investigate whether oenothein B can form complexes with Al in the presence of citrate and oxalate, we analyzed the chemical form of Al in multiple-ligand mixtures containing Al, oenothein B, citrate, and oxalate in vitro at concentrations mimicking those in the symplast of E. camaldulensis roots. In the mixture, 27% of total Al was detected in the insoluble fraction, and 28% in the high-molecular mass (> 10 kDa) soluble fraction. This means that more than half of Al in the mixture interacts with oenothein B, because among the three ligands only oenothein B can predominantly form insoluble or high molecular mass soluble complexes with Al. The27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the mixture showed that low-molecular mass soluble Al was not mainly composed of simple Al–citrate or Al–oxalate complexes. These results support our hypothesis that oenothein B contributes to internal detoxification of Al in the symplast of E. camaldulensis roots.. |
| 22. | 平舘俊太郎, 土壌中における炭化物の存在とその機能, 木質炭化学会誌, 13, 1, 3-9, 2016.12. |
| 23. | 和穎朗太, 藤井一至, 磯部一夫, 平舘俊太郎, 平舘俊太郎, 伊田奈緒美, 西村拓, 常田岳志, 常田岳志, 光延聖, 妹尾啓史, 土壌の物質循環機能を多角的にみる―最先端手法が切り拓く新たな姿, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌, 10.20710/dojo.87.4_283, 87, 4, 283‐288-288, 2016.08. |
| 24. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 火山が農業にもたらす恩恵 (火山が生態系に与える影響), 地球環境, 21, 1, 55-66, 2016.07. |
| 25. | 金城 和俊, 渕山 律子, 前島 勇治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 南西諸島の成り立ちとその土地の利用：, ペドロジスト, 10.18920/pedologist.60.1_46, 60, 1, 46-46, 2016.06, [URL]. |
| 26. | Nadeeka Senani Wijewardana, Karin Mueller, Per Moldrup, Brent Clothier, Toshiko Komatsu, Syuntaro Hiradate, Lis Wollesen de Jonge, Ken Kawamoto, Soil-water repellency characteristic curves for soil profiles with organic carbon gradients, GEODERMA, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.10.020, 264, 150-159, 2016.02, [URL], Soil water repellency (SWR) of soils is a property with significant consequences for agricultural water management, water infiltration, contaminant transport, and for soil erosion. It is caused by the presence of hydrophobic agents on mineral grain surfaces. Soils were samples in different depths at three forest sites in Japan and three pasture sites in New Zealand, covering soil organic carbon (SOC) contents between 1 and 26%. The SWR was measured over a range of water contents by three common methods; the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test, the molarity of an ethanol droplet (MED) method, and the sessile drop method (SDM). The aim to (i) compare the methods, (ii) characterize the soil-water repellency characteristic curves (SWRCC) being SWR as a function of the volumetric soil-water content (theta) or matric potential (psi), and (iii) find relationships between SWRCC parameters and SOC content. The WDPT, MED, and SDM generally agreed well in predicting the theta Orange where SWR occurred, and there was close agreement between SWR results determined by average MED and SDM at similar theta. Generally, SWR was only found within the top 20 cm of the soil profiles. Six SWR parameters were introduced: (i) the area under the curve (S-WR(theta)); (ii) theta at the maximum SWR (theta(WR-max)), (iii) theta where SWR ceased (theta(non-WR)), (iv) the maximum SWR (CA(i-max)) (v) pF at the maximum SWR (pF(WR-max)) and (vi) pF where SWR ceased (pF(non-WR)) The relationship between the first three parameters and SOC content were best described with Langmuir type equations (r(2) of 0.5-0.7), while the other three parameters changed linearly with SOC contents. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.. |
| 27. | Masato Kuramata, Futa Sakakibara, Ryota Kataoka, Kenichi Yamazaki, Koji Baba, Masumi Ishizaka, Syuntaro Hiradate, Tsunashi Kamo, Satoru Ishikawa, Arsinothricin, a novel organoarsenic species produced by a rice rhizosphere bacterium, Environmental Chemistry, 10.1071/en14247, 13, 4, 723-723, 2016.02, [URL], Environmental contextRice is a major human dietary source of arsenic. We identified a novel organoarsenic species, arsinothricin, produced by a bacterium in the rice rhizosphere. This result suggests diverse biochemical dynamics and microbial biodiversity of arsenic metabolism in the rice rhizosphere. AbstractMethylated arsenic compounds in rice grains originate from the action of soil bacteria in the rice rhizosphere. Here, we investigated the chemical structures of arsenic compounds produced by a bacterium, Burkholderia gladioli strain GSRB05, in the rice rhizosphere. When cultured in liquid R2A medium containing arsenite (AsIII), strain GSRB05 produced two unknown novel arsenic compounds that were later identified as arsinothricin (AST, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylarsinoyl)butanoic acid), an arsenic mimetic of the herbicide phosphinothricin, and a probable hydroxyl precursor of AST, termed AST-OH (2-amino-4-(dihydroxyarsonoyl)butanoic acid). The chemical structure of AST was determined by means of liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and NMR analyses, whereas that of AST-OH was estimated by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Time-dependent AsIII transformation by strain GSRB05 showed that AST was produced after AST-OH. Compared with AsIII, AST showed higher absorption by, and was more toxic to, Escherichia coli DH5α cells in M9 minimal medium, which lacks amino acids. These findings have implications for the environmental transfer of arsenic, and human health consequences in terms of our dietary burden of arsenic.. |
| 28. | Keith Jones, Girish Ramakrishnan, Minori Uchimiya, Alexander Orlov, Marco J. Castaldi, Jeffrey LeBlanc, Syuntaro Hiradate, Fate of Higher-Mass Elements and Surface Functional Groups during the Pyrolysis of Waste Pecan Shell, ENERGY & FUELS, 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02428, 29, 12, 8095-8101, 2015.12, [URL], Thermochemical conversion of agricultural wastes to bioenergy has a potential to play forefront roles within the context of the food, energy, and water nexus. The biochar solid product of pyrolysis is a promising tool to manage food crop production and water resources by means of soil amendment. The goal of this study was to understand the fate of surface functional groups and higher-atomic-mass elements during the pyrolysis of pecan shell, which is known to accumulate calcium oxalate. Pecan shell feedstock and biochars were analyzed ex situ using X-ray computed microtomography and solid-state C-13 cross-polarization and magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy; the pyrolysis kinetics was monitored in situ by thermogravimetric analysis gas chromatography (TGA-GC). The NMR spectra indicated the greatest (i) reduction in O/N alkyl functionality and (ii) increase in the aromatic peak between 300 and 500 degrees C. Primary physical transformation was observed near 400 degrees C in the tomography slice images and corresponding attenuation coefficients. Key changes in physical structure (microtomography) as well as chemical constituents (solid-state NMR) of pecan shell at 300-500 degrees C coincided with the evolution of gaseous products (hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene, and ethane, as monitored in situ by TGA-GC) occurring at 200-500 degrees C. These observations followed the reported (0 formation and removal of carboxyl surface functional groups of biochar and (ii) conversion of calcium oxalate to carbonate, both occurring at the key transition temperature near 400 degrees C. Combined with the mass balance (99.7%) obtained for gas-, liquid-, and solid-phase products, these findings will facilitate reactor design to optimize syngas and bio-oil yields and manipulate the surface reactivity of biochar soil amendment.. |
| 29. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Sayaka Morita, Kenji Hata, Takeshi Osawa, Kyoko Sugai, Naoki Kachi, Effects of soil erosion and seabird activities on chemical properties of surface soils on an oceanic island in Ogasawara Islands, Japan, CATENA, 10.1016/j.catena.2015.04.013, 133, 495-502, 2015.10, [URL], To conserve indigenous natural ecosystem and help in the recovery of natural vegetation on Nakoudojima Island, which is a subtropical oceanic island in Ogasawara Islands in Japan, we clarified the mechanisms of the changes in soil chemical properties as affected by soil erosion and seabird activities on the island. Under grassland vegetation where influence of feral goat (exotic species) had been severe, the chemical properties of surface soils with a thickness of 5 cm were variable even in a small area of 0.375 km(2); pH(H2O) value range between 4.6 and 6.9, total C content range between 0.36 and 5.62%, total N content range between 0.03 and 0.45%, exchangeable acidity range between 0.5 and 50 mmol(c) kg(-1), and plant-available phosphate (Bray II P) range between 0.4 and 170 mg P2O5 100 g(-1). By clarifying soil profile characteristics under natural and disturbed vegetation and distribution patterns of these soils on the island, the changes in the soil chemical properties were reasonably assigned to the effect of soil erosion caused by feral goats for increased soil exchangeable acidity and decreased soil pH (mainly found in inland area) and to the effect of seabird activities for increased Bray II P and soil exchangeable acidity and decreased soil pH (mainly found in outer rim area with high altitude). It was also clarified that the high soil exchangeable acidity was significantly related to the low productivity of plant biomass for these plots (P |
| 30. | 山口 紀子, 中尾 淳, 武田 晃, 塚田 祥文, 江口 定夫, Syuntaro Hiradate, 2-1-27 放射性セシウム捕捉ポテンシャル(RIP)のセシウム濃度依存性(2-1 土壌有機・無機成分の構造・機能・ダイナミクス,2015年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 61, 22, 2015.09. |
| 31. | 尾和 尚人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 6 畑土壌における粒状石灰窒素の成分の分解と拡散(関東支部講演会,2014年度各支部会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 61, 255, 2015.09. |
| 32. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 伊田 奈緒美, 西村 拓, I-3 ^P核磁気共鳴スペクトルを利用した土壌リンの存在形態解析(I 土壌の物質循環機能を多角的にみる-最先端手法が切り拓く新たな姿,シンポジウム,2015年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 61, 199, 2015.09. |
| 33. | 金城 和俊, 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, P2-1-1 マングローブ林地と森林地のリター、土壌および溶存有機物の特性(ポスター,2-1 土壌有機・無機成分の構造・機能・ダイナミクス,2015年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 61, 23, 2015.09. |
| 34. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 小柳 知代, 楠本 良延, P4-1-17 草原生植物が生育する土壌環境と植物体内における無機栄養元素組成 ツリガネニンジン、ススキ、セイタカアワダチソウの比較(ポスター,4-1 植物の多量栄養素,2015年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 61, 64, 2015.09. |
| 35. | Minori Uchimiya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Michael Jerry Antal, Dissolved Phosphorus Speciation of Flash Carbonization, Slow Pyrolysis, and Fast Pyrolysis Biochars, ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00336, 3, 7, 1642-1649, 2015.07, [URL], Pyrolysis of waste biomass is a promising technology to produce sterile and renewable organic phosphorus fertilizers. Systematic studies are necessary to understand how different pyrolysis platforms influence the chemical speciation of dissolved (bioavailable) phosphorus. This study employed solution-phase P-31 NMR analyses on slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, and flash carbonization charcoals. Dissolved P speciation of ash-rich (15-62 wt %) biochars produced from manures, sewage sludge, and corn stover were compared with low ash (2-5 wt %) pecan shell biochars. Each biochar was sequentially extracted to investigate the strongly complexed (by NaOH-EDTA; 250 mM NaOH+5 mM EDTA for 16 h) and acid-extractable (by acidic oxalate; 200 mM oxalate at pH 3.5 for 4 h) P fractions. In NaOH-EDTA extracts, P concentration correlated (p = 90%) composed of inorganic orthophosphate (PO43-), except 350 degrees C slow pyrolysis swine manure biochar (26% pyrophosphate) and sewage sludge-derived flash carbonization charcoal (14% pyrophosphate). Solid-state C-13 cross-polarization and magic angle spinning NMR analyses of bulk aromaticity indicated partially carbonized (aliphatic) nature of 350 degrees C swine manure biochar. Surface functional groups of swine manure and sewage sludge biochars could stabilize pyrophosphate by (i) utilizing bridging cations (Al-3+, Fe-3+, and Mg-2+) to form stable six-membered ring complexes, and (ii) direct hydrogen bonding.. |
| 36. | Kenji Ono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Sayaka Morita, Masakazu Hiraide, Yasumasa Hirata, Kiyoshi Fujimoto, Ryuichi Tabuchi, Saimon Lihpai, Assessing the carbon compositions and sources of mangrove peat in a tropical mangrove forest on Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia, GEODERMA, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.01.008, 245, 11-20, 2015.05, [URL], To evaluate organic carbon (OC) accumulation processes in peat deposits in tropical mangrove ecosystems, solid-state C-13 cross-polarization and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance signals were measured to determine the DC compositions of decomposed leaves and roots. These account for a large majority of mangrove litters and mangrove peat in a coral reef-type Rhizophora forest on Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia. Radiocarbon dating was also used to understand the sources of peat deposits at each depth. The mass loss rate of mangrove leaves during 1-year litterbag incubation was much higher than that of roots. These mass loss rates are expected to be affected by the varying chemical characteristics of leaves and roots and the different aerobic/hydrological conditions present in the two litter types during decomposition. The decomposability of individual DC components also varied markedly between leaf and root litters. Significant increases in aryl-C/O-alkyl-C and aliphatic-C/O-alkyl-C ratios and minor increases in the aryl-C/aliphatic-C ratio during leaf decomposition implied that O-alkyl-C was more labile than aryl- and aliphatic-C and that aliphatic-C was also slightly more decomposable than aryl-C, but not significantly so, in leaf litters on the forest floor. Regarding roots, a stable aryl-C/O-alkyl-C ratio during decomposition suggested that aryl- and O-alkyl-C components did not differ greatly in decomposability in the peat deposit, while the minor increase in the aliphatic-/O-alkyl-C ratio and the substantial decrease in the aryl-/aliphatic-C ratio with decomposition implied that aliphatic-C was more recalcitrant than aryl- and O-alkyl-C in the peat. The DC compositional properties were quite homogenous throughout the peat profile, and C-14 dating mostly indicated modern, which suggest that large amounts of mangrove roots penetrate to at least 80 cm depth. These findings provide quantitative and qualitative insights into the potential importance of very high production of mangrove fine roots for DC accumulation in peat in tropical mangrove ecosystems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.. |
| 37. | Minori Uchimiya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Michael Jerry Antal, Influence of Carbonization Methods on the Aromaticity of Pyrogenic Dissolved Organic Carbon, ENERGY & FUELS, 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00146, 29, 4, 2503-2513, 2015.04, [URL], Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) components of soil amendments, such as biochar, will influence the fundamental soil chemistry, including the metal speciation, nutrient availability, and microbial activity. Quantitative correlation is necessary between (i) pyrogenic DOC components of varying aromaticity and ionizable (carboxyl and hydroxyl) substituents and (ii) bulk and solution properties of biochars. This study employed fluorescence excitationemission (EEM) spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to understand the influence of the pyrolysis platform (flash and high-yield carbonization, slow pyrolysis, and fast pyrolysis) and solution pH on the DOC structure of carbonaceous materials. The PARAFAC fingerprint representative of conjugated, polyaromatic DOC correlated (Pearsons r >= 0.6; p 0.9; p = 500 degrees C slow-pyrolysis biochars were less sensitive to pH. Solid-state 13C cross-polarization and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of bulk aromaticity (-C-C peak at 110-160 ppm) suggested that both recalcitrant and labile fluorescence DOC fingerprints are composed of polyaromatic structures that begin to form near 350 degrees C. These biochar-borne DOC components of varying aromaticity and carboxyl substituents will participate in hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions with soil components that will ultimately impact the biogeochemical cycles.. |
| 38. | Wagai, Rota, Kajiura, Masako, Asano, Maki, Hiradate, Syuntaro, Nature of soil organo-mineral assemblage examined by sequential density fractionation with and without sonication: Is allophanic soil different?, GEODERMA, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.11.028, 241, 295-305, 2015.03, [URL], Organic matter (OM) bound to soil mineral particles (higher-density particles) tends to be more stabilized, enriched in C-13 and N-15, and has a lower C:N ratio. Yet how these variations in OM chemistry are linked to the nature of organo-mineral assemblage remains poorly understood, especially in allophanic soils where high amounts of OM are stabilized by interactions with reactive inorganic phases such as short-range-order (SRO) minerals. We thus assessed the extent to which the degree of aggregation and its disruption during fractionation control the distribution and chemistry of the soil organo-mineral particles across six density fractions using a volcanic soil (allophanic Andisol) based on selective dissolution, microscopy (SEM), solid-state C-13 NMR spectroscopy and delta C-13 and delta N-15 analyses. Intermediate-density fractions (2.0-2.5 g cm(-3)) accounted for 63-86% of organic C and N, 73-93% of pyrophosphate-extractable iron and aluminum (Fep, Alp), and 78-95% of oxalate-extractable metals (Feo, Alo) in the bulk soil sample. While air-drying pretreatment had little effect, sonication during fractionation led to (i) fragmentation of both plant detritus and some of the aggregates of 30-100 mm sizes, (ii) release of occluded low-density fraction ( |
| 39. | 高田 裕介, 神山 和則, 小原 洋, 前島 勇治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 木方 展治, 齋藤 隆, 谷山 一郎, 農地表層土壌中の放射性セシウム濃度分布図作成のための緊急調査 (農業環境技術研究所における東京電力福島第一原子力発電所事故関連の2011年の放射能研究), 農業環境技術研究所報告 = Bulletin of National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 34, 43-51, 2015.03. |
| 40. | Kimiko Yamamoto-Tamura, Syuntaro Hiradate, Takashi Watanabe, Motoo Koitabashi, Yuka Sameshima-Yamashita, Tohru Yarimizu, Hiroko Kitamoto, Contribution of soil esterase to biodegradation of aliphatic polyester agricultural mulch film in cultivated soils, AMB EXPRESS, 10.1186/s13568-014-0088-x, 5, 10, 2015.02, [URL], The relationship between degradation speed of soil-buried biodegradable polyester film in a farmland and the characteristics of the predominant polyester-degrading soil microorganisms and enzymes were investigated to determine the BP-degrading ability of cultivated soils through characterization of the basal microbial activities and their transition in soils during BP film degradation. Degradation of poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) film was evaluated in soil samples from different cultivated fields in Japan for 4 weeks. Both the degradation speed of the PBSA film and the esterase activity were found to be correlated with the ratio of colonies that produced clear zone on fungal minimum medium-agarose plate with emulsified PBSA to the total number colonies counted. Time-dependent change in viable counts of the PBSA-degrading fungi and esterase activities were monitored in soils where buried films showed the most and the least degree of degradation. During the degradation of PBSA film, the viable counts of the PBSA-degrading fungi and the esterase activities in soils, which adhered to the PBSA film, increased with time. The soil, where the film was degraded the fastest, recorded large PBSA-degrading fungal population and showed high esterase activity compared with the other soil samples throughout the incubation period. Meanwhile, esterase activity and viable counts of PBSA-degrading fungi were found to be stable in soils without PBSA film. These results suggest that the higher the distribution ratio of native PBSA-degrading fungi in the soil, the faster the film degradation is. This could be due to the rapid accumulation of secreted esterases in these soils.. |
| 41. | 田原 恒, 橋田 光, Syuntaro Hiradate, 篠原 健司, Eucalyptus camaldulensisのアルミニウム無毒化タンニンの特性解析, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 10.11519/jfsc.126.0_92, 126, 0, 92, 2015, [URL], [in Japanese]. |
| 42. | Syuntaro Hiradate, シンポジウム 三瓶山地域における火山灰土壌の生成と特性, ペドロジスト, 58, 2, 93-100, 2014.12, 世界の陸地面積に占める火山灰土壌の割合は1%未満であるのに対し，日本の陸地面積に占める割合は少なくとも17%に達する(菅野ら，1999)。とりわけ，日本では農耕地に占める火山灰土壌の割合が高く(畑地の約50%，水田の約20%)，その農作物生産性における問題点やその改良法などが精力的に研究され，多くの成果を挙げてきた。また，日本における火山灰土壌の生成とその分類に関する研究も多くの成果を生み出しているが，これらの成果の中には今後のさらなる議論を経たのちに一般化される必要があるものも少なくないと考えられる。ここでは，火山灰土壌の生成論を中心に得られた知見をレビューし，その中で三瓶山地域における火山灰土壌の生成および特性の位置づけを明らかにしたい。. |
| 43. | 増永 二之, Syuntaro Hiradate, 渕山 律子, 島根の地質～生態系～人間活動(農業・石見銀山開発・たたら製鉄)と土壌生成, ペドロジスト, 58, 2, 79-80, 2014.12. |
| 44. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 日本ペドロジー学会主催「ペドロジストのための地形学・第四紀地質学講座」開催報告(プロファイル), ペドロジスト, 58, 2, 115-116, 2014.12. |
| 45. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 日本土壌肥料学会賞受賞 核磁気共鳴法を利用した土壌中における元素動態の解明, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 10.20710/dojo.85.5_401, 85, 5, 401-404, 2014.10. |
| 46. | 櫻井 栄, 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 轟 泰司, 31. ABAは土壌に吸着されにくい(口頭発表,植物化学調節学会第49回大会), 植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集, 49, 0, 49-49, 2014.10. |
| 47. | Kenji Hata, Mari Kohri, Sayaka Morita, Syuntaro Hiradate, Naoki Kachi, Complex Interrelationships Among Aboveground Biomass, Soil Chemical Properties, and Events Caused by Feral Goats and Their Eradication in a Grassland Ecosystem of an Island, ECOSYSTEMS, 10.1007/s10021-014-9780-6, 17, 6, 1082-1094, 2014.09, [URL], This study examined the recovery, via biotic and abiotic pathways, of a grassland ecosystem after eradication of introduced exotic goats. We used path analyses to evaluate the relative strength of relationships among aboveground biomass, soil chemical properties (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content; soil acidity), presence of nesting seabirds after goat eradication, extent of vegetation degraded by goats before their eradication, plant species composition after removal of goats, and topography. Models including the same variables with different paths were constructed using the Bayesian estimation method, and the best-fit models were constructed by comparing deviance information criterion values. Results of the path analyses demonstrated that vegetation degradation and soil erosion prior to goat eradication increased soil exchangeable acidity, which resulted in limitation of aboveground biomass. Seabird nesting after goat eradication increased the quantity of soil nutrients, possibly through inputs of feces, eggshells, and dead chicks or adults. The increase in nutrients was affected indirectly, via seabird nesting, by topography and vegetation type after goat eradication. The direct and indirect relationships demonstrated by our results suggest the existence of complex interrelationships during recovery of ecosystem function after eradication of exotic mammals.. |
| 48. | 江口 定夫, 吉川 省子, 板橋 直, 井倉 将人, 木方 展治, 坂西 研二, 江口 敦, 朝田 景, 神山 和則, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤原 英司, 山口 紀子, 藤村 恵人, 斎藤 隆, 大越 聡, 倉本 寛太, 1-1-27 放射性セシウムの固液分配係数の変動要因(1-1 物質循環・動態,2014年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.60.0_9_3, 60, 60, 9-9, 2014.09. |
| 49. | 和穎 朗太, 浅野 眞希, 梶浦 雅子, 早川 智恵, 井上 弦, Syuntaro Hiradate, 2-1-12 土壌団粒内で起こる土壌有機物の長期的動態を物理分画アプローチから考察する Part 1.鉱物組成の大きく異なる土壌タイプの比較(2-1 土壌有機・無機成分の構造・機能・ダイナミクス,2014年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.60.0_19_3, 60, 60, 19, 2014.09. |
| 50. | 浅野 眞希, 和穎 朗太, 山口 紀子, 武市 泰男, 前田 誠, Syuntaro Hiradate, 菅 大暉, 神農 宗徹, 2-1-13 土壌団粒内で起こる土壌有機物の長期的動態を物理分画アプローチから考察する Part2 : 走査型透過軟X線顕微鏡を用いた官能基別有機炭素と無機物の空間分布(2-1 土壌有機・無機成分の構造・機能・ダイナミクス,2014年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 60, 20, 2014.09. |
| 51. | 尾和 尚人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 7 石灰窒素の施用量と粒径が湛水土壌の窒素動態に及ぼす影響(続報)(関東支部講演会,2013年度各支部会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 60, 266, 2014.09. |
| 52. | 加藤 紀香, Syuntaro Hiradate, 田中 治夫, Lulie Melling, 眞家 永光, Chaddy Auldry, 木村 園子D, P2-1-3 マレーシア国サラワク州における油ヤシプランテーション下の熱帯泥炭土の炭素組成(ポスター,2-1 土壌有機・無機成分の構造・機能・ダイナミクス,2014年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 60, 25, 2014.09. |
| 53. | 渡部 敏裕, 楠本 良延, 森田 沙綾香, 小柳 知代, 大崎 満, Syuntaro Hiradate, P4-2-2 塩塚高原に生育する各種植物の土壌環境の違いによるイオノーム変動(ポスター,4-2 植物の微量栄養素,2014年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 60, 65, 2014.09. |
| 54. | 前島 恵理子, 渡部 敏裕, Syuntaro Hiradate, Steven Jansen, 大崎 満, P4-3-5 異なるアルミニウム集積植物におけるアルミニウムの集積形態と分布(ポスター,4-3 植物の有害元素,2014年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 60, 75, 2014.09. |
| 55. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 大澤 剛士, 可知 直毅, P5-1-2 小笠原諸島・媒島に分布する土壌の特性と分類(ポスター,5-1 土壌生成・分類,2014年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 60, 84, 2014.09. |
| 56. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 学-3 核磁気共鳴法を利用した土壌中における元素動態の解明(日本土壌肥料学会賞記念講演,2014年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 60, 233, 2014.09. |
| 57. | K. Mueller, M. Deurer, K. Kawamoto, T. Kuroda, S. Subedi, S. Hiradate, T. Komatsu, B. E. Clothier, A new method to quantify how water repellency compromises soils' filtering function, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, 10.1111/ejss.12136, 65, 3, 348-359, 2014.05, [URL], Soil water repellency (SWR) is known to lead to preferential flow and to degrade the soil's filtering efficiency. However, no method is available to quantify directly how SWR affects the transport of reactive solutes. We propose a new method for conducting solute transport experiments in water-repellent soils. It involves sequentially applying two liquids, one water, the other a reference fully wetting liquid, namely aqueous ethanol, to the same intact soil core with air-drying between liquids. We applied this approach to quantify the impact of SWR on the filtering of the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in two Andosols. In batch experiments conducted prior to the transport experiments, 2,4-D sorption was not influenced by aqueous ethanol for one soil. However, sorption in the second soil followed the co-solvency theory, which predicts decreasing sorption with increasing solvent fractions. Thus, sorption experiments are necessary to complement our new method. Breakthrough curves were characterized by preferential flow with large initial concentrations, tailing and a long prevalence of solutes remaining in the soil. In the soil in which 2,4-D sorption was unaffected by aqueous ethanol, SWR increased 2,4-D losses by four and 50 times in the first 5-mm outflow compared with the 2,4-D losses with water. After 50-mm outflow, the 2,4-D losses were similar for one core, but in the other core they were still about four times greater with water than with aqueous ethanol. This method to quantify the reduction of the soil's filtering efficiency by SWR is needed for assessing the increased risk of groundwater contamination by solutes exogenously applied to water-repellent soils.. |
| 58. | Eriko Maejima, Syuntaro Hiradate, Steven Jansen, Mitsuru Osaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Comparative analysis of aluminum accumulation in leaves of three angiosperm species, BOTANY-BOTANIQUE, 10.1139/cjb-2013-0298, 92, 5, 327-331, 2014.05, Aluminum (Al) accumulators are widely distributed in the plant kingdom but phylogenetic implications of internal Al detoxification mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated differences in the characteristics of Al accumulation (i.e., accumulation potential, chemical form, and localization) in three woody Al accumulators, Symplocos chinensis (Lour.) Druce var. leucocarpa (Nakai) Ohwi f. pilosa (Nakai) Ohwi (Symplocaceae, Ericales), Melastoma malabathricum L., and Tibouchina urvilleana Cogn. (both Melastomataceae, Myrtales). The order of Al accumulation potential under hydroponic conditions was S. chinensis approximate to M. malabathricum > T. urvilleana. Oxalate was at least partly involved in the internal Al detoxification mechanisms in leaves of all three Al accumulators, based on a correlation analysis between Al and organic acid in water and 0.02 mol.L-1 HCl extracts and the Al-27 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of intact leaves. However, the Al forms in the leaves were not simple Al-ligand complexes in a specific cell structure. Al localization in leaf sections differed among the three species. Extremely high levels of Al were found in trichomes of the lower epidermis in leaves of T. urvilleana. These data illustrate that woody Al-accumulating angiosperms have independently developed various internal Al-tolerance mechanisms in which oxalate plays a significant role.. |
| 59. | 加茂綱嗣, 平舘俊太郎, 作野えみ, 竹村知子, 藤井義晴, 高いアレロパシー活性を有する植物種のスクリーニング, 農業環境研究成果情報, 30, 2014.03. |
| 60. | Minori Uchimiya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Pyrolysis Temperature-Dependent Changes in Dissolved Phosphorus Speciation of Plant and Manure Biochars, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 10.1021/jf4053385, 62, 8, 1802-1809, 2014.02, [URL], Pyrolysis of plant and animal wastes produces a complex mixture of phosphorus species in amorphous, semicrystalline, and crystalline inorganic phases, organic (char) components, and within organo-mineral complexes. To understand the solubility of different phosphorus species, plant (cottonseed hull) and manure (broiler litter) wastes were pyrolyzed at 350, 500, 650, and 800 degrees C and exposed to increasingly more rigorous extraction procedures: water (16 h), Mehlich 3 (1 mM EDTA at pH 2.5 for 5 mm), oxalate (200 mM oxalate at pH 3.5 for 4 h), NaOH-EDTA (250 mM NaOH + 5 mM EDTA for 16 h), and total by microwave digestion (concentrated HNO3/HCl + 30% H2O2). Relative to the total (microwave digestible) P, the percentage of extractable P increased in the following order: M3 = 500 degrees C manure biochars, whereas pyrophosphate (P2O74-) persisted in plant biochars up to 650 degrees C. These observations suggested the predominance of (i) amorphous (rather than crystalline) calcium phosphate in manure biochars, especially at >= 650 degrees C, and (ii) strongly complexed pyrophosphate in plant biochars (especially at 350-500 degrees C). Correlation (Pearson's) was observed (i) between electric conductivity and ash content of biochars with the amount of inorganic P species and (ii) between total organic carbon and volatile matter contents with the organic P species.. |
| 61. | Thilo Rennert, Karin Eusterhues, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hergen Breitzke, Gerd Buntkowsky, Kai U. Totsche, Tim Mansfeldt, Characterisation of Andosols from Laacher See tephra by wet-chemical and spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, Al-27-, Si-29-NMR), CHEMICAL GEOLOGY, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.10.029, 363, 10, 13-21, 2014.01, [URL], At 12,900 a BP, the eruption of the Laacher See volcano generated a new parent material for Holocene soil formation in parts of Western Germany. Weathering of these ashes commonly includes the formation of poorly crystalline minerals such as allophane, imogolite and ferrihydrite. Detection of these minerals in soil is difficult, yet an important task, because they may govern soil functions and processes, e. g., stabilisation of organic matter and nutrient availability. Therefore, we characterised three forested Andosols by a combination of wet-chemical and spectroscopic techniques including infrared and (Al-27, Si-29) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy together with X-ray diffractometry. Deconvoluting the Si-29-NMR spectra revealed that 1.6 to 10.4% of total Si was present as allophanic compounds, which coincided with the amounts of oxalate-extractable Si. Since extraction methods are not completely selective, we observed a slight overestimation of allophanic Si estimated from oxalate extraction. Although the sites under study are located close to each other in similar relief positions and with similar vegetation, the combination of our results revealed varying amounts of loess in the parent materials and varying weathering intensity. High weathering intensities correlate with the amounts of allophane. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.. |
| 62. | Kenji Hata, Mari Kohri, Sayaka Morita, Syuntaro Hiradate, Naoki Kachi, Fine-scale distribution of aboveground biomass of herbaceous vegetation and soil nutrients on an oceanic island after goat eradication are correlated with grazing damage and seabird nesting, Pacific Conservation Biology, 10.1071/PC140344, 20, 4, 344-353, 2014.01, [URL], We tested whether vegetation recovery on an oceanic island after the eradication of feral goats is related to disturbances by goats and recovery of seabird nesting in an island. To test, we investigated relationships among the aboveground biomass of herbaceous vegetation, nutrient concentrations in the soil after goat eradication, and vegetation degradation before goat eradication and seabird nesting after the eradication. The investigation was conducted on the island of Nakoudojima, a subtropical island situated in the northwestern Pacific Ocean with consideration of fine-scale variation of topography and structure of current vegetation. The aboveground biomass of herbaceous vegetation was correlated with the presence of vegetation degradation before goat eradication but not with seabird nesting after eradication. Concentrations of carbon and nitrogen in the soil were correlated with both the presence of vegetation degradation and seabird nesting. The concentration of available phosphorus in the soil was correlated with nesting seabirds but not with vegetation degradation. The presence of nesting seabirds was correlated with differences in dominant species in the vegetation after goat eradication and with topography. Our results suggested that fine-scale heterogeneities of the aboveground biomass of herbaceous vegetation and the concentrations of nutrients in the soil after goat eradication in an island could be related to vegetation degradation and subsequent erosion of surface soil caused by goats and seabird nesting after the goat eradication.. |
| 63. | Naoya Wasano, Mami Sugano, Keisuke Nishikawa, Katsuhiro Okuda, Mitsuru Shindo, So Young Park, Syuntaro Hiradate, Tsunashi Kamo, Yoshiharu Fujii, Transcriptomic evaluation of the enhanced plant growth-inhibitory activity caused by derivatization of cis-cinnamic acid, Journal of Pesticide Sciences, 10.1584/jpestics.D13-090, 39, 2, 85-90, 2014.01, [URL], To establish a rapid high-throughput evaluation system for the enhanced plant growth-inhibitory activity caused by modifications of cis-cinnamic acid's (cis-CA's) chemical structure, a DNA microarray assay was used to analyze the changes in early gene responses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. After a 6-hr exposure to (Z)-3-(3-iodophenyl)acrylic acid, we observed an upregulation in three classes of early auxin-responsive genes, which was similar to the transcriptional response to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), together with an upregulation of the genes related to environmental stress and toxin detoxification responses. Gene responses to 2-(3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-yl)acetic acid were similar to those to IAA. In contrast, fewer genes were upregulated in response to its double-bond isomer, (Z)-2-[3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ylidene]acetic acid, than to cis-CA. DNA microarray data suggest that the structurally different cis-CA analogues trigger diverse gene responses.. |
| 64. | Eriko Maejima, Syuntaro Hiradate, Steven Jansen, Mitsuru Osaki, Toshihiro Watanabe, Comparative analysis of aluminum accumulation in leaves of three angiosperm species, Botany, 10.1139/cjb-2013-0298, 92, 5, 327-331, 2014, [URL], Aluminum (Al) accumulators are widely distributed in the plant kingdom but phylogenetic implications of internal Al detoxification mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated differences in the characteristics of Al accumulation (i.e., accumulation potential, chemical form, and localization) in three woody Al accumulators, Symplocos chinensis (Lour.) Druce var. leucocarpa (Nakai) Ohwi f. pilosa (Nakai) Ohwi (Symplocaceae, Ericales), Melastoma malabathricum L., and Tibouchina urvilleana Cogn. (both Melastomataceae, Myrtales). The order of Al accumulation potential under hydroponic conditions was S. chinensis ≈ M. malabathricum > T. urvilleana. Oxalate was at least partly involved in the internal Al detoxification mechanisms in leaves of all three Al accumulators, based on a correlation analysis between Al and organic acid in water and 0.02 mol·L-1 HCl extracts and the 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of intact leaves. However, the Al forms in the leaves were not simple Al-ligand complexes in a specific cell structure. Al localization in leaf sections differed among the three species. Extremely high levels of Al were found in trichomes of the lower epidermis in leaves of T. urvilleana. These data illustrate that woody Al-accumulating angiosperms have independently developed various internal Al-tolerance mechanisms in which oxalate plays a significant role.. |
| 65. | Naoya Wasano, Mami Sugano, Keisuke Nishikawa, Katsuhiro Okuda, Mitsuru Shindo, So Young Park, Syuntaro Hiradate, Tsunashi Kamo, Yoshiharu Fujii, Transcriptomic evaluation of the enhanced plant growth-inhibitory activity caused by derivatization of cis-cinnamic acid, Journal of Pesticide Sciences, 10.1584/jpestics.D13-090, 39, 2, 85-90, 2014, [URL], To establish a rapid high-throughput evaluation system for the enhanced plant growth-inhibitory activity caused by modifications of cis-cinnamic acid's (cis-CA's) chemical structure, a DNA microarray assay was used to analyze the changes in early gene responses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. After a 6-hr exposure to (Z)-3-(3-iodophenyl)acrylic acid, we observed an upregulation in three classes of early auxin-responsive genes, which was similar to the transcriptional response to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), together with an upregulation of the genes related to environmental stress and toxin detoxification responses. Gene responses to 2-(3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-yl)acetic acid were similar to those to IAA. In contrast, fewer genes were upregulated in response to its double-bond isomer, (Z)-2-[3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ylidene]acetic acid, than to cis-CA. DNA microarray data suggest that the structurally different cis-CA analogues trigger diverse gene responses.. |
| 66. | 畑 憲治, 郡 麻里, 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, 可知 直毅, ノヤギ駆除後の媒島の草地植生の地上部バイオマス 土壌の化学特性 環境要因との関係, 小笠原研究年報, 38, 75-85, 2014, 野生化ヤギ（ノヤギ）の駆除後、生態系機能の回復過程を評価するために、ノヤギ駆除から約10年経過した媒島の草地生態系において、植生のバイオマス、土壌の化学的特性、ノヤギの駆除前後のイベント（ノヤギ駆除前の植生の退行に伴う裸地化、ノヤギ駆除後の海鳥の営巣）との関係を間接効果も含めて明らかにした。植生の地上部バイオマス、土壌の化学的特性（全炭素量、全窒素量、有効態リン酸量、置換酸度）、ノヤギ駆除前（1991年）における裸地化の有無、海鳥の営巣の有無、という変数聞の各関係とこの関係の相対的な強さを評価した。ノヤギ駆除前の植生の裸地化は、土壌の置換酸度の上昇を介して、植生の地上部バイオマスを減少させる可能性が示唆された。また、ノヤギ駆除後に海鳥の営巣に伴う土壌栄養塩量の増加は、海鳥の営巣と地形や現存植生の種構成との関係に依存することが示唆された。以上からノヤギ駆除後の生態系機能の回復の有無や程度は、複数の生物的、非生物的要因が直接的、間接的によって影響を受けることが示唆された。. |
| 67. | Naoya Wasano, Mami Sugano, Keisuke Nishikawa, Katsuhiro Okuda, Mitsuru Shindo, Hiroshi Abe, So Young Park, Syuntaro Hiradate, Tsunashi Kamo, Yoshiharu Fujii, Root-specific induction of early auxin-responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by cis-cinnamic acid, Plant Biotechnology, 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.13.0781a, 30, 5, 465-471, 2013.12, [URL], cis-Cinnamoyl glucosides are the allelochemicals in Thunberg's meadowsweet (Spiraea thunbergii). The essential chemical structure responsible for the bioactivity of cis-cinnamoyl glucosides, cis-cinnamic acid (cis-CA), strongly inhibits the root growth of several plant species; however, its mode of action has not been characterized at the gene expression level. We conducted a time-course microarray analysis of gene expression in Arabidopsis in response to 20 μM cis-CA. Comparison of the microarray profiles revealed a 10-fold upregulation of several auxin-responsive GRETCHEN HAGEN-3 (GH3) genes and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE (LBD) genes from 2 h to 6 h post-treatment. Two early auxin-responsive gene families, the Aux/IAA family (IAA1, IAA5) and the GH3 family (GH3.1, GH3.2, GH3.3), and an LBD gene (LBD16) were markedly upregulated at 2 h after treatment in the roots, but not in the shoots, of Arabidopsis and remained highly expressed for 4 h. The influence of an exogenous application of cis-CA on the indole-3-acetic acid pathway strongly suggests that a root-targeted induction of auxin-responsive genes is involved in the cis- CA-mediated plant growth inhibition.. |
| 68. | Keisuke Nishikawa, Hiroshi Fukuda, Masato Abe, Kazunari Nakanishi, Yuta Tazawa, Chihiro Yamaguchi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Katsuhiro Okuda, Mitsuru Shindo, Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained analogues of cis-cinnamic acid and evaluation of their plant growth inhibitory activity, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.001, 96, 223-234, 2013.12, [URL], 1-O-cis-Cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is known to be one of the most potent allelochemical candidates and was isolated from Spiraea thunbergii Sieb by Hiradate et al. (2004), who suggested that it derived its strong inhibitory activity from cis-cinnamic acid, which is crucial for phytotoxicity. In this study, key structural features and substituent effects of cis-cinnamic acid (cis-CA) on lettuce root growth inhibition was investigated. These structure-activity relationship studies indicated the importance of the spatial relationship of the aromatic ring and carboxylic acid moieties. In this context, conformationally constrained cis-CA analogues, in which the aromatic ring and cis-olefin were connected by a carbon bridge, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as plant growth inhibitors. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inhibitory activities of the five-membered and six-membered bridged compounds were enhanced, up to 0.27 mu M, and were ten times higher than cis-CA, while the potency of the other compounds was reduced. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. |
| 69. | Takashi Ikka, Tsuyoshi Ogawa, Donghua Li, Syuntaro Hiradate, Akio Morita, Effect of aluminum on metabolism of organic acids and chemical forms of aluminum in root tips of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.016, 94, 142-147, 2013.10, [URL], Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) has relatively high resistance to aluminum (Al) toxicity than the various herbaceous plants and model plant species. To investigate Al-tolerance mechanism, the metabolism of organic acids and the chemical forms of Al in the target site (root tips) in Eucalyptus was investigated. To do this, 2-year old rooted cuttings of E. camaldulensis were cultivated in half-strength Hoagland solution (pH 4.0) containing Al (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mM) salts for 5 weeks; growth was not affected at concentrations up to 2.5 mM even with Al concentration reaching 6000 mu g g(-1) DW. In roots, the citrate content also increased with increasing Al application. Concurrently, the activities of aconitase and NADP(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase, which catalyze the decomposition of citrate, decreased. On the other hand, the activity of citrate synthase was not affected at concentrations up to 2.5 mM Al. Al-27-NMR spectroscopic analyses were carried out where it was found that Al-citrate complexes were a major chemical form present in cell sap of root tips. These findings suggested that E. camaldulensis detoxifies Al by forming Al-citrate complexes, and that this is achieved through Al-induced citrate accumulation in root tips via suppression of the citrate decomposition pathway. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. |
| 70. | Keisuke Nishikawa, Hiroshi Fukuda, Masato Abe, Kazunari Nakanishi, Tomoya Taniguchi, Takashi Nomura, Chihiro Yamaguchi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Katsuhiro Okuda, Mitsuru Shindo, Substituent effects of cis-cinnamic acid analogues as plant growh inhibitors, Phytochemistry, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.08.013, 96, 132-147, 2013.09, [URL], 1-O-cis-Cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose is one of the most potent allelochemicals that has been isolated from Spiraea thunbergii Sieb by Hiradate et al. It derives its strong inhibitory activity from cis-cinnamic acid (cis-CA), which is crucial for phytotoxicity. By preparing and assaying a series of cis-CA analogues, it was previously found that the key features of cis-CA for lettuce root growth inhibition are a phenyl ring, cis-configuration of the alkene moiety, and carboxylic acid. On the basis of a structure-activity relationship study, the substituent effects on the aromatic ring of cis-CA were examined by systematic synthesis and the lettuce root growth inhibition assay of a series of cis-CA analogues having substituents on the aromatic ring. While ortho- and para-substituted analogues exhibited low potency in most cases, meta-substitution was not critical for potency, and analogues having a hydrophobic and sterically small substituent were more likely to be potent. Finally, several cis-CA analogues were found to be more potent root growth inhibitors than cis-CA.. |
| 71. | 尾和 尚人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 33 石灰窒素の施用量と粒径が湛水土壌の窒素動態に及ぼす影響(関東支部講演会,2012年度各支部会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 59, 271, 2013.09. |
| 72. | 倉俣 正人, 片岡 良太, 山崎 健一, 榊原 風太, 安部 匡, 馬場 浩司, 高木 和宏, 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 石川 覚, 4-3-8 イネ根圏土壌細菌の生産する新規有機ヒ素化合物の同定と根圏におけるヒ素の化学形態変化について(4-3 植物の有害元素), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 59, 59, 77, 2013.09. |
| 73. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 畑 憲治, 須貝 杏子, 可知 直毅, P2-1-5 小笠原諸島・媒島における表層土壌の化学的特性(ポスター,2-1 土壌有機・無機化学,2013年度名古屋大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 59, 25, 2013.09. |
| 74. | 金城 和俊, 具志堅 素紀, 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, P2-1-8 マングローブ林内の炭素組成(ポスター,2-1 土壌有機・無機化学,2013年度名古屋大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 59, 26, 2013.09. |
| 75. | 川東 正幸, 高橋 正, 藤井 一至, 高橋 正通, 三浦 覚, 石塚 成宏, 金子 真司, 白戸 康人, 矢ヶ崎 泰海, 高田 裕介, 和頴 朗太, 岸本 文紅, 米村 正一郎, Syuntaro Hiradate, 渡邊 眞紀子, 泉 岳樹, 藤嶽 暢英, 飯村 康夫, 日本の土壌炭素賦存量を量・質の両面から考える, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 84, 3, 224-229, 2013.06, 京都議定書における温室効果ガス削減目標が設定されて以来，エネルギー消費への関心が広がるとともに炭素動態に関するデータが蓄積されてきた。我が国で削減目標(90年比6%減)に対する約束期間(2008～2012)内の達成見込みが得られた(2012年12月現在)背景には詳細なデータの積み上げがあった。その膨大なデータには各土地利用における土壌炭素変化量の算出も大きく貢献している。土壌炭素の変化量を算出するためには土壌炭素賦存量が必要であり，そのデータベースの構築と算出法の開発は大きな成果といえる。この成果は，さらに続く排出削減目標に対し，算出法の最適化を図るための基盤になると考えられる。そこで，本シンポジウムでは，国土面積の占有割合が高い森林と農地での土壌炭素賦存量と変化量の算出結果と今後の課題を取り上げた。一方，それら土地利用に含まれない領域として都市域の土壌炭素賦存量算出の問題点も指摘した。さらに，土壌炭素変化量に影響する土壌有機物の分解特性と存在形態に関する話題を挙げた。また，様々な土壌における有機物の多様性を質的データで示し，さらにその変化の方向性についても論及した。土壌炭素に関する量的・質的な取扱いの両面から日本の土壌炭素賦存量について論議を行った。. |
| 76. | Tomoko Takemura, Tsunashi Kamo, Emi Sakuno, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Identification of coumarin as the predominant allelochemical in Gliricidia sepium, a leguminous tree of seasonally dry forests., Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 2, 268-272, 2013.05. |
| 77. | T. Takemura, T. Kamo, E. Sakuno, Syuntaro Hiradate, Y. Fujii, Discovery of coumarin as the predominant allelochemical in Guricidia sepium, Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25, 2, 268-272, 2013.04, A crude methanol extract of Gliricidia sepium (Fabaceae) leaves inhibited the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) radicles. To isolate and characterise the inhibitory compound, the extract was fractionated based on the total activity on lettuce radicle elongation. The n-hexane-soluble fraction obtained by liquid-liquid partitioning of the crude methanol extract showed strong inhibitory activity. A compound corresponding to the major peak in high performance liquid chromatography was isolated from the fraction and identified as coumarin. The EC50 of coumarin for the growth of lettuce radicles was 23.3 umol L-1. On the basis of the coumarin content (11.6 mmol kg-1 fresh weight) and the total activity of coumarin (500) in G. sepium, we concluded that the inhibitory activity of G. sepium was primarily due to coumarin.. |
| 78. | Rota Wagai, Ayaka W. Kishimoto-Mo, Seiichiro Yonemura, Yasuhito Shirato, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yasumi Yagasaki, Linking temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition to its molecular structure, accessibility, and microbial physiology, Global Change Biology, 10.1111/gcb.12112, 19, 4, 1114-1125, 2013.04, [URL], Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition may have a significant impact on global warming. Enzyme-kinetic hypothesis suggests that decomposition of low-quality substrate (recalcitrant molecular structure) requires higher activation energy and thus has greater temperature sensitivity than that of high-quality, labile substrate. Supporting evidence, however, relies largely on indirect indices of substrate quality. Furthermore, the enzyme-substrate reactions that drive decomposition may be regulated by microbial physiology and/or constrained by protective effects of soil mineral matrix. We thus tested the kinetic hypothesis by directly assessing the carbon molecular structure of low-density fraction (LF) which represents readily accessible, mineral-free SOM pool. Using five mineral soil samples of contrasting SOM concentrations, we conducted 30-days incubations (15, 25, and 35 °C) to measure microbial respiration and quantified easily soluble C as well as microbial biomass C pools before and after the incubations. Carbon structure of LFs (< 1.6 and 1.6-1.8 g cm-3) and bulk soil was measured by solid-state 13C-NMR. Decomposition Q10 was significantly correlated with the abundance of aromatic plus alkyl-C relative to O-alkyl-C groups in LFs but not in bulk soil fraction or with the indirect C quality indices based on microbial respiration or biomass. The warming did not significantly change the concentration of biomass C or the three types of soluble C despite two- to three-fold increase in respiration. Thus, enhanced microbial maintenance respiration (reduced C-use efficiency) especially in the soils rich in recalcitrant LF might lead to the apparent equilibrium between SOM solubilization and microbial C uptake. Our results showed physical fractionation coupled with direct assessment of molecular structure as an effective approach and supported the enzyme-kinetic interpretation of widely observed C quality-temperature relationship for short-term decomposition. Factors controlling long-term decomposition Q10 are more complex due to protective effect of mineral matrix and thus remain as a central question. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. |
| 79. | Tomoko Takemura, Emi Sakuno, Tsunashi Kamo, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Screening of the growth-inhibitory effects of 168 plant species against lettuce seedlings, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4, 1095-1104, 2013.04. |
| 80. | Hiroyuki Kawahigashi, Shigemitsu Kasuga, Hisahito Okuizumi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Jun-ichi Yonemaru, Evaluation of Brix and sugar content in stem juice from sorghum varieties, GRASSLAND SCIENCE, 10.1111/grs.12006, 59, 1, 11-19, 2013.03, [URL], Sorghum accumulates sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) in the stem after anthesis. Brix is commonly used to indicate total sugar content; however, the relationship between Brix and specific sugar components has not been sufficiently investigated in sorghum juice in Japan. In this study, we measured the sugar components of sorghum juices from 109 varieties using capillary electrophoresis, which can quantify each sugar component in crude juice without further purification. The results indicated that the Brix of sorghum juice was proportional to the total sugar and sucrose concentrations (r=0.900 and r=0.894, P |
| 81. | Tomoyo Koyanagi, Yoshinobu Kusumoto, Syuntaro Hiradate, Sayaka Morita, Masashi Yokogawa, Yoshitaka Takahashi, Chiyoshi Sato, New method for extracting plant indicators based on their adaptive responses to management practices: application to semi-natural and artificial grassland data, APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE, 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2012.01204.x, 16, 1, 95-109, 2013.01, [URL], Questions What is the best way to identify plant indicators for monitoring the responses of semi-natural grassland communities to various management practices (i.e. burning, burning and mowing, burning and grazing)? Can a multi-trait plant functional group (PFG) approach extract indicator species more effectively than a single-trait approach? Location Semi-natural and artificial grasslands in the northern and eastern parts of the somma of Mt. Aso, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Methods We analysed a data set from 203 semi-natural and artificial grassland vegetation plots (each 1 m x 1 m), and compared species and functional compositions among the management types and between the northern and eastern locations using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Potential indicator species were extracted by indicator species analysis (INSPAN) and compared with the results of single-trait and multi-trait PFG approaches, which classify plant species into groups based on individual or combinations of traits (growth form, life span, dispersal mode, flowering season and plant height). Results Only the multi-trait PFG approach successfully clustered the vegetation plots for each management type. Semi-natural burned-and-grazed grasslands in the eastern and northern regions were characterized by a specific PFG among 21 PFGs, whereas the same three PFGs characterized the burned-and-mowed semi-natural grassland of the two regions. The extracted PFGs represent combinations of vegetative, dispersal and reproductive traits (e.g. short, wind- and animal-dispersed species for grazed semi-natural grasslands; tall, summer-flowering forbs for mowed semi-natural grasslands). As compared to indicator species extracted by the multi-trait PFG approach, INSPAN extracted additional indicator species, but some of these were inappropriate. Conclusions We identified PFGs representing each management type and characterized species adaptations to different disturbance regimes, such as mowing and grazing. Among the species extracted by INSPAN, only those classified into the representative PFGs can serve as indicators for characterizing managed semi-natural grasslands. Our findings indicate that using a multi-trait PFG approach can provide reasonable plant indicators for monitoring grassland communities throughout the regions when combined with a species-based INSPAN approach. This proposed method would contribute to the conservation of plant biodiversity in threatened semi-natural grazed and mowed grasslands.. |
| 82. | Kenji Ono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Sayaka Morita, Keizo Hirai, Fate of organic carbon during decomposition of different litter types in Japan, Biogeochemistry, 10.1007/s10533-011-9682-z, 112, 1-3, 7-21, 2013, [URL], Carbon dynamics during litter decomposition have been described in a variety of forest ecosystems and provided insights into carbon flow in soils. To quantitatively assess how decomposition processes vary between litter types, solid-state 13C cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) technique was applied to analyze conifer (cedar, cypress) and hardwood (chinquapin, beech, oak, birch) litter which had degraded during a 3 year litterbag experiment throughout Japan. The results were used to identify compositional changes and estimate decomposition constants (k values) in exponential equations. Total litter and carbon type mass losses during decomposition varied significantly between litter types, being affected by the initial physicochemical litter quality. Concomitant increases and decreases in carbonyl and O/N-alkyl C compositions, respectively, were observed for all litter types, but aromatic and aliphatic C dynamics were less consistent. In hardwoods, [aromatic/aliphatic C ratio] was generally stable during decomposition, suggesting that, in hardwoods, the decomposabilities of aromatic and aliphatic C were similar. In the conifers, an increasing [aromatic/aliphatic C ratio] during decomposition suggested that aromatic C was more recalcitrant than aliphatic C. These results suggest that different decomposition processes between litter types might be related to different aromatic and aliphatic C behaviors, as affected by lignin stability and lipid leachability and biosynthesis. Variations in the k values for total litter and carbon types were not obvious between litter types, although the mass loss patterns differed significantly. The k values estimated in this study may contribute to predictions of soil carbon dynamics and the validation of carbon compartment models in forest ecosystems.. |
| 83. | Masato Abe, Keisuke Nishikawa, Hiroshi Fukuda, Kazunari Nakanishi, Yuta Tazawa, Tomoya Taniguchi, So-young Park, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Katsuhiro Okuda, Mitsuru Shindo, Key structural features of cis-cinnamic acid as an allelochemical, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.08.001, 84, 56-67, 2012.12, [URL], 1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is one of the most potent allelochemicals isolated from Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. It is suggested that it derives its strong inhibitory activity from cis-cinnamic acid, which is crucial for phytotoxicity. It was synthesized to confirm its structure and bioactivity, and also a series of cis-cinnamic acid analogues were prepared to elucidate the key features of cis-cinnamic acid for lettuce root growth inhibition. The cis-cyclopropyl analogue showed potent inhibitory activity while the saturated and alkyne analogues proved to be inactive, demonstrating the importance of the as-double bond. Moreover, the aromatic ring could not be replaced with a saturated ring. However, the 1,3-dienylcyclo-hexene analogue showed strong activity. These results suggest that the geometry of the C-C double bond between the carboxyl group and the aromatic ring is essential for potent inhibitory activity. In addition, using several light sources, the photostability of the cinnamic acid derivatives and the role of the C-C double bond were also investigated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. |
| 84. | Syusaku Nishimura, Nobuhide Fujitake, Syuntaro Hiradate, Haruo Shindo, Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Charred Plant Fragments in Japanese Volcanic Ash Soils, SOIL SCIENCE, 10.1097/SS.0b013e31828047ab, 177, 12, 695-700, 2012.12, [URL], We analyzed the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of three charred plant fragments (CPF) that were isolated from three volcanic ash soils in Japan. Values of delta C-13 showed that the CPF originated from C-3 and C-4 plants. The contribution ratio of C-4 plants to the CPF was much higher in Soils 1 and 3 than in Soil 2. Values of delta N-15 of the CPF were higher in Soil 3 isolated from the deeper soil horizons. Light reflectance values suggested that part of the CPF experienced combustion temperatures higher than 400 degrees C in Soil 2 and less than 400 degrees C in the other soils, respectively. Atomic [H]/[C] and [O]/[C] ratios suggested that the CPF were subjected to weathering ( oxidative degradation and hydrolysis) in soil for a long period after burning. The degree of weathering was considered to be larger in Soils 1 and 3. Spectra of C-13-NMR of the CPF, except the area of alkyl-C, were similar. Infrared (IR) spectra of three CPF, except aliphatic C-H stretching, were also similar to each other. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the CPF in Soil 2 clearly revealed the presence of graphite-like structure. From these findings, it was assumed that the physicochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of the CPF were strongly influenced by the type of burnt vegetation.. |
| 85. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 加藤 英寿, シンポジウム 小笠原諸島における物質循環の特徴, ペドロジスト, 56, 2, 96-100, 2012.12, 2011年6月に世界自然遺産として正式に登録された小笠原諸島は，その独特の自然生態系に注目が集まっているが，その自然生態系を支える物質循環の基礎は土壌にある。すなわち，小笠原の土壌を調べれば，小笠原における物質循環の特徴についてヒントが得られると考えられる。小笠原における物質循環については，研究事例はこれまで非常に少ないが，ここでは著者らがこれまでに調べた小笠原の土壌に関するデータを中心に整理し，小笠原における物質循環の特徴を考察する。. |
| 86. | Yoshiharu Fujii, Tsunashi Kamo, Syuntaro Hiradate, Mitsuru Shindo, Kozo Shishido, Isolation and identification of novel allelochemicals and utilization of allelopathic cover plants for sustainable agriculture, Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 18, 181-186, 2012.12. |
| 87. | Isamu Nouchi, Kentaro Hayashi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Satoru Ishikawa, Minehiko Fukuoka, Charles P. Chen, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Overcoming the Difficulties in Collecting Apoplastic Fluid from Rice Leaves by the Infiltration–Centrifugation method., Plant and Cell Physiology, 10.1093/pcp/pcs102, 53, 9, 1659-1668, 2012.09, [URL]. |
| 88. | Tomoko Takemura, Tsunashi Kamo, Raihan Ismil, Baki Bakar, Naoya Wasano, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Plant Growth Inhibitor from the Malaysian Medicinal Plant Goniothalamus andersonii and Related Species, NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS, 7, 9, 1197-1198, 2012.09, A crude methanol extract of Goniothalamus andersonii J. Sinclair strongly inhibited elongation of lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.) radicles. We conducted bioassay-guided purification of G. andersonii bark extract and obtained goniothalamin as the major bioactive compound. Its EC50 values against elongation of lettuce radicles and hypocotyls were 50 and 125 mu mol L-1, respectively. Among the six species tested, timothy was the most sensitive to goniothalamin. Quantification of this compound in other Goniothalamus species suggested that the plant inhibitory activity of this genus is explainable by goniothalamin, with G. calcareus as an exception.. |
| 89. | 倉俣 正人, 片岡 良太, 山崎 健一, 榊原 風太, 馬場 浩司, 石坂 真澄, 安部 匡, 井倉 将人, 高木 和広, 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 石川 覚, 11-19 イネにおける化学形態別ヒ素の輸送システムの解明 根圏土壌細菌によるヒ素の代謝(11.植物の有害元素,2012年度鳥取大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 58, 58, 79, 2012.09. |
| 90. | 山本 岳彦, Syuntaro Hiradate, 加茂 綱嗣, 宇野 亨, 田島 亮介, 齋藤 雅典, 伊藤 豊彰, 19-26 生ゴミアシドロコンポストの植物生育抑制物質(19.肥料および施肥法,2012年度鳥取大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 58, 134, 2012.09. |
| 91. | 和穎 朗太, 白戸 康人, 岸本 文紅, 米村 正一郎, 矢ヶ崎 泰海, Syuntaro Hiradate, III-3 土壌有機物の存在形態から温暖化応答と炭素隔離ポテンシャルを考える(III 日本の土壌炭素賦存量を量・質の両面から考える,シンポジウム,2012年度鳥取大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 58, 213, 2012.09. |
| 92. | 森田 沙綾香, 楠本 良延, 小柳 知代, 横川 昌史, 高橋 佳孝, 伊藤 豊彰, Syuntaro Hiradate, P18-2 外来植物の分布に影響を及ぼす土壌特性の影響 アロフェン黒ぼく土と非アロフェン黒ぼく土の比較(18.草地土壌肥よく度,2012年度鳥取大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 58, 125, 2012.09. |
| 93. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 川上 和人, 青山 夕貴子, P2-2 小笠原諸島における海鳥の繁殖が土壌の化学的特性におよぼす影響 有効態リン酸および土壌pHに対する影響(2.土壌有機・無機化学,2012年度鳥取大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 58, 26, 2012.09. |
| 94. | 藤間 充, 三浦 雅史, 泉 玄氣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 楠本 良延, 太田 陽子, 森田 沙綾香, 小柳 知代, P21-1 土壌環境制御による植生管理法の開発 第4報土壌酸性化処理による土壌の理化学性の変化(21.緑化技術,2012年度鳥取大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 58, 146, 2012.09. |
| 95. | 神山 和則, 高田 裕介, 小原 洋, 前島 勇治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 斎藤 隆, 谷山 一郎, S22-52 土壌採取法の違いによる放射性セシウムの沈着量の比較(S22.放射性セシウムのモニタリング、水稲への移行,22.環境保全,2012年度鳥取大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 58, 164, 2012.09. |
| 96. | Motoo Koitabashi, Masako T. Noguchi, Yuka Sameshima-Yamashita, Syuntaro Hiradate, Ken Suzuki, Shigenobu Yoshida, Takashi Watanabe, Yukiko Shinozaki, Seiya Tsushima, Hiroko K. Kitamoto, Degradation of biodegradable plastic mulch films in soil environment by phylloplane fungi isolated from gramineous plants, AMB Express, 10.1186/2191-0855-2-40, 2, 1, 1-36, 2012.08, [URL], To improve the biodegradation of biodegradable plastic (BP) mulch films, 1227 fungal strains were isolated from plant surface (phylloplane) and evaluated for BP-degrading ability. Among them, B47-9 a strain isolated from the leaf surface of barley showed the strongest ability to degrade poly-(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) and poly-(butylene succinate) (PBS) films. The strain grew on the surface of soil-mounted BP films, produced breaks along the direction of hyphal growth indicated that it secreted a BP-degrading enzyme, and has directly contributing to accelerating the degradation of film. Treatment with the culture filtrate decomposed 91.2wt%, 23.7wt%, and 14.6wt% of PBSA, PBS, and commercially available BP polymer blended mulch film, respectively, on unsterlized soil within 6 days. The PCR-DGGE analysis of the transition of soil microbial community during film degradation revealed that the process was accompanied with drastic changes in the population of soil fungi and Acantamoeba spp., as well as the growth of inoculated strain B47-9. It has a potential for application in the development of an effective method for accelerating degradation of used plastics under actual field conditions. |
| 97. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 近年の農業へのヶイ酸利用と研究 2.土壌および土壌鉱物からのヶイ酸の溶解, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 83, 4, 455-461, 2012.08. |
| 98. | Jun Tabata, Yutaka Narai, Nobuo Sawamura, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hajime Sugie, A new class of mealybug pheromones: a hemiterpene ester in the sex pheromone of Crisicoccus matsumotoi, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, 10.1007/s00114-012-0935-z, 99, 7, 567-574, 2012.07, [URL], Mealybugs, which include several agricultural pests, are small sap feeders covered with a powdery wax. They exhibit clear sexual dimorphism; males are winged but fragile and short lived, whereas females are windless and less mobile. Thus, sex pheromones emitted by females facilitate copulation and reproduction by serving as a key navigation tool for males. Although the structures of the hitherto known mealybug pheromones vary among species, they have a common structural motif; they are carboxylic esters of monoterpene alcohols with irregular non-head-to-tail linkages. However, in the present study, we isolated from the Matsumoto mealybug, Crisicoccus matsumotoi (Siraiwa), a pheromone with a completely different structure. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we identified the pheromone as 3-methyl-3-butenyl 5-methylhexanoate. Its attractiveness to males was confirmed in a series of field trapping experiments involving comparison between the isolated natural product and a synthetic sample. This is the first report of a hemiterpene mealybug pheromone. In addition, the acid moiety (5-methylhexanoate) appears to be rare in insect pheromones.. |
| 99. | Tsunashi KAMO, Tomoko TAKEMURA, Naoya WASANO, Yoshiharu FUJII, Syuntaro HIRADATE, Quantification of cyanamide in young seedlings of Vicia species, Lens culinaris, and Robinia pseudo-acacia by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry., Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 10.1271/bbb.120262, 76, 7, 1416-1418, 2012.07, [URL]. |
| 100. | 渡邉 彰, Minori Uchimiya, 池谷 康祐, 進藤 晴夫, Syuntaro Hiradate, 土壌有機物の蓄積に対する燃焼生成物の寄与, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 10.20710/dojo.83.2_222, 83, 2, 222-227, 2012.04, 本シンポジウムでは,(1)土壌に炭化物を施用することで炭素貯留効果とともに農地土壌の改良効果を狙った応用的な研究をレビューするとともに,(2)炭化物研究を進めるにあたって不可欠な炭化物分析法についてとりまとめ,(3)日本の土壌中における炭化物の研究についてこれまでの知見から最新のデータまでを含めてレビューした。. |
| 101. | Ei Ei Mon, Anu Sharma, Ken Kawamoto, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Toshiko Komatsu, Syuntaro Hiradate, Per Moldrup, The pH Dependency of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Adsorption and Desorption in Andosol and Kaolinite, SOIL SCIENCE, 10.1097/SS.0b013e3182376ef3, 177, 1, 12-21, 2012.01, [URL], Batch adsorption and consecutive desorption experiments were performed under different pH conditions to assess the pH dependency of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) adsorption and desorption in Andosol (having pH-dependent surface charge characteristics) and kaolinite. The adsorption-desorption isotherms for both Andosol and kaolinite were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model. Adsorption of 2,4-D onto Andosol increased markedly with decreasing pH and was higher than for kaolinite under the same pH condition. Hysteresis, expressing the nonsingularity of the desorption compared with the adsorption isotherm, was found at all concentrations and each pH for both Andosol and kaolinite. For Andosol, the fitted Freundlich parameters for desorption, K(f,d) and n(d), showed a negative, linear and a positive, exponential relationship, respectively, with pH. Higher hysteresis index (omega), expressing the degree of partial irreversibility of 2,4-D adsorption, was obtained under lower pH, indicating that less adsorbed 2,4-D was released back from the Andosol under acidic condition. The effect of pH on 2,4-D desorption from kaolinite was less pronounced as compared with Andosol. Combining the measured data in this study with previously reported data on 2,4-D adsorption-desorption in several types of soil including Andosols, the possible mobility of adsorbed 2,4-D in soil was evaluated. Results show that adsorbed 2,4-D in soils exhibiting a total adsorption percentage of less than 55% of the applied pesticide typically exhibited a greater potential to be mobile in the soil-water system. Opposite, a total adsorption percentage greater than 55% implied higher residual adsorption and a prolonged existence of adsorbed 2,4-D in the soils.. |
| 102. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 松永 俊朗, 和田 信一郎, 渡邉 彰, 土壌化学・土壌鉱物, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 82, 6, 466-478, 2011.12. |
| 103. | CECILIA INES ONO MORIKAWA, RIE MIYAURA, TSUNASHI KAMO, SYUNTARO HIRADATE, YOSHIHARU FUJII, JORGE ANTONIO, CHAVEZ PEREZ, ISOLATION OF UMBELLIFERONE AS A PRINCIPAL ALLELOCHEMICAL FROM THE PERUVIAN MEDICINAL PLANT Diplostephium foliosissimum (Asteraceae)., Journal of the Chemical Society of Peru, 77, 4, 285-291, 2011.12. |
| 104. | Yudzuru Inoue, Syuntaro Hiradate, Takashi Sase, Mamoru Hosono, Sayaka Morita, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Using C-14 dating of stable humin fractions to assess upbuilding pedogenesis of a buried Holocene humic soil horizon, Towada volcano, Japan, GEODERMA, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.08.011, 167-68, 85-90, 2011.11, [URL], The genesis of a 40-cm-thick buried Holocene humic soil horizon in a 6-m-high sequence near Towada volcano, Japan, was examined by dating stable, plant-derived humin particles by AMS-based radiocarbon (C-14), and by analyzing stable carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13), phytolith composition, and soil chemical properties. The AMS dating yielded calibrated ages ranging from 7570-7679 to 6180-6313 cal yr BP. We obtained a strong correlation (r = 0.99, ***p |
| 105. | Tsutomu Ohno, Syuntaro Hiradate, Zhongqi He, Phosphorus Solubility of Agricultural Soils: A Surface Charge and Phosphorus-31 NMR Speciation Study, SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 10.2136/sssaj2010.0404, 75, 5, 1704-1711, 2011.09, [URL], We investigated 10 soils from six states in the United States to determine the relationship between potentiometric titration derived soil surface charge and the concentration of water-extractable P (WEP). Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical speciation of soil P. The surface charge value at the native soil pH was correlated to the WEP concentration, indicating that electrostatic interactions are involved in determining soil phosphate solubility. The titration curves were fit to a two-site Langmuir model and analysis showed that the native pH surface charge was accounted for by the low pH Type 1 (S-OH(2)(+)) site, attributed to positively charged metal (oxy) hydroxides. The (31)P NMR data indicated that 98% of the inorganic form of P was composed of orthophosphate species and 95% of the organic P was composed of the P monoester class compounds. The inorganic orthophosphate form of P was directly related to the total soil P content, suggesting that external fertilizer inputs control the level of this form of soil P. In contrast, P monoester class compound content was not related to total soil P content, suggesting that organic soil P is controlled by P cycling independent of external P inputs. The (31)P NMR speciation data indicated that the inorganic orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and DNA P concentrations in the soils were significantly associated with oxalate-extractable Al and Fe concentrations, which further demonstrates that metal (oxy) hydroxides are important surfaces where P species are interacting with soils.. |
| 106. | 西川 慶祐, 安部 真人, 中西 一成, 谷口 智哉, 田澤 優太, 松尾 和真, 福田 洋, 朴 昭英, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, 新藤 充, P-42 新規植物生長調整剤の開発を指向したシス桂皮酸の構造活性相関研究(ポスター発表の部), 天然有機化合物討論会 天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集, 10.24496/tennenyuki.53.0_607, 53, 607-612, 2011.09, l -0-cis-Cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose, an allelochemical isolated from Spiraea thunbergii, exhibits potent plant growth inhibitory activity. cis-Cinnamic acid is the essential portion structure of 1-0-cis-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose responsible for the growth inhibitory activity. cis-Cinnamic acid exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the elongation of lettuce roots, and the half maximal effective concentration (EC_<50>) of cis-cinnamic acid was 2.2 μM. In this project we adopted cis-cinnamic acid as a novel lead compound, and examined the structure-activity relationship of cis-cinnamic acid to develop the environmentally friendly agrochemical. Moreover, we synthesized the fluorescent probes of cis-cinnamic acid aiming at the clarification of the mechanism of the activity expression. At first, we synthesized 1-0-cis-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose by the Hanessian protocol, and the synthetic compound showed similar inhibitory activity (EC_<50> 6.4 μg/mL) with that of the natural product (EC_<50> 4.0 μg/rnL). Next, we synthesized the cis-cinnamic acid analogues, and evaluated the inhibitory activities on the elongation of lettuce roots. Some analogues were found to be more p. |
| 107. | 森田 沙綾香, 小柳 知代, 横川 昌史, 高橋 佳孝, 楠本 良延, Syuntaro Hiradate, 14-7 阿蘇の草原における表層土壌の化学特性と管理手法の関係(14.土地分類利用・景観評価), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 57, 106, 2011.08. |
| 108. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 白川 勝信, 高橋 佳孝, 堤 道生, 太田 陽子, 井上 雅仁, 佐久間 智子, 森田 沙綾香, 小柳 知代, 楠本 良延, 21-1 広島県北広島町千町原の半自然草地における植物の分布と土壌特性の関係(21.緑化技術), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 57, 149, 2011.08. |
| 109. | 南川 和則, 早川 敦, 西村 誠一, 秋山 博子, 和穎 朗太, Syuntaro Hiradate, 八木 一行, 23-4 異なる土壌が充填されたライシメーターにおける間接N_2O排出の比較(23.地球環境), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 57, 172, 2011.08. |
| 110. | 和田 信一郎, 金田 吉弘, 鳥山 和伸, 安西 徹郎, 日笠 裕治, 小祝 政明, 後藤 逸男, Syuntaro Hiradate, 土壌診断の現状と今後への挑戦 流派そろい踏み, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 10.20710/dojo.82.2_173, 82, 2, 173-178, 2011.04. |
| 111. | Yasuki Watanabe, Natsuki Kuchi-ishi, Toshiki Nakashima, Sumio Iwai, Yoshitaka Ono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Fuminori Komai, Assessment of Allelopathic Activities in Female and Male Individuals of Asparagus Seedlings and Regenerants, JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 10.2503/jjshs1.80.169, 80, 2, 169-174, 2011.04, [URL], An aseptic bioassay utilizing female and male donor materials was performed in order to assess the allelopathic activities of cladophylls and root systems in dioecious asparagus. The aseptic sandwich method revealed that the growth of acceptor plants was significantly inhibited by the addition of over 30 mg fresh weight of cladophylls. When female and male cladophylls were separately adopted for the sandwich method, there was no sexual difference in the allelopathic activity of both youthful and senescent cladophylls. To detect the allelopathic effects of root systems, the plant box method employing female and male regenerants was used aseptically, and the growth of acceptor plants was seriously inhibited irrespective of sex expression in donor plants. Early in vitro flowering seedlings expressing individual sex were effectively used for the bioassay, and the results indicated that the degree of allelopathic activities was the same as that in regenerants. These results show that allelopathic activity in female and male plants was equivalent, and that the application of materials that can distinguish between the sexes would be useful for assaying the mutual effects of sexuality on allelopathy. The aseptic bioassay system that employed female and male materials presented here could promote the isolation and identification of allelochemicals.. |
| 112. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 加茂綱嗣, 作野えみ, 竹村知子, 日本原産のシランのアレロパシーとその原因物質の同定, 農業環境研究成果情報, 27, 2011.03. |
| 113. | 對馬誠也, 生長陽子, 佐藤育男, 吉田重信, 小板橋基夫, 伊藤通浩, 平館俊太郎, 赤かび毒デオキシニバレノールを分解する細菌Nocardioides sp. WSN05-2株をムギ栽培圃場から分離., 農業環境技術研究所 研究成果情報, 27, 90-91, 2011.03. |
| 114. | Anna Golisz, Mami Sugano, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Microarray analysis of Arabidopsis plants in response to allelochemical L-DOPA, PLANTA, 10.1007/s00425-010-1294-7, 233, 2, 231-240, 2011.02, [URL], Velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) plants impede the growth of neighboring plants. One compound, 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA), is responsible for the allelopathic capacity of velvetbean. This compound is an active allelochemical that decreases root growth of several plant species. In mammals, l-DOPA is a well-known therapeutic agent for the symptomatic relief of Parkinson's disease. However, its mode of action in plants is still not well understood. To address such issues, gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana plants, which had been exposed to l-DOPA, was analyzed using DNA microarrays. After 6 h of l-DOPA exposure, the expression of 110 genes was significantly upregulated, and the expression of 69 genes was significantly downregulated. These induced genes can be divided into different functional categories, mainly on the basis of subcellular localization, metabolism, and proteins with a binding function or cofactor requirement. Based on these results, we suggest that l-DOPA acts by two mechanisms: it influences amino acid metabolism and deregulates metal homeostasis, especially that of iron, which is required for the fundamental biological processes of all organisms.. |
| 115. | Jun Tabata, Mayumi Teshiba, Syuntaro Hiradate, Takafumi Tsutsumi, Nobutaka Shimizu, Hajime Sugie, Cyclolavandulyl butyrate: an attractant for a mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus sawadai (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY, 10.1007/s13355-010-0012-z, 46, 1, 117-123, 2011.02, In this study, we discovered and isolated an attractant for a mealybug-parasitic wasp Anagyrus sawadai from an esterification product prepared with commercialized lavandulol (2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-ol) and butyryl chloride. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we determined the structure of the compound to be (2,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)methyl butyrate (cyclolavandulyl butyrate). This is a novel compound as far as we know, although the alcohol moiety has been known as a cyclization product from lavandulol. Cyclolavandulyl butyrate has two enantiomers, and the (-)-isomer, which is suggested to have S configuration, showed higher attractiveness. A potential use for the A. sawadai attractant for mealybug management in agricultural fields is discussed.. |
| 116. | Yasuki Watanabe, Sumio Iwai, Yoshitaka Ono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Fuminori Komai, Development of an in vitro System for the Evaluation of Allelopathic Activities of Asparagus Calluses, JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 10.2503/jjshs1.80.82, 80, 1, 82-88, 2011.01, [URL], An aseptic bioassay system to estimate allelopathy in asparagus calluses was established. Allelopathic activities of calluses were measured according to the callus packed cell volume (PCV) by means of the sandwich method, and remarkable inhibition of acceptor plants was observed by the addition of over 0.1 mL PCV. When female and male calluses were separately used for the sandwich method, there was no sexual difference in allelopathic activity. To detect the allelopathic activities of the callus cells in detail, we improved the plant box method that substituted the calluses for the seedlings, and serious inhibition of acceptor plants was observed with the addition of over 0.35 mL PCV as donor material. Allelopathic activities were accelerated by irradiating the calluses with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) prior to performing the aseptic bioassay. It also seemed that the light quality would affect their activities. The allelopathic activity appeared intensely with irradiation of the calluses with a blue LED. The aseptic bioassay system that employed LED-irradiated calluses established here could accelerate effectively the isolation and identification of allelochemical(s).. |
| 117. | Yoko Ikunaga, Ikuo Sato, Stephanie Grond, Nobutaka Numaziri, Shigenobu Yoshida, Hiroko Yamaya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Morifumi Hasegawa, Hiroaki Toshima, Motoo Koitabashi, Michihiro Ito, Petr Karlovsky, Seiya Tsushima, Nocardioides sp. strain WSN05-2, isolated from a wheat field, degrades deoxynivalenol, producing the novel intermediate 3-epi-deoxynivalenol, APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 10.1007/s00253-010-2857-z, 89, 2, 419-427, 2011.01, [URL], The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) causes serious problems worldwide in the production of crops such as wheat and barley because of its toxicity toward humans and livestock. A bacterial culture capable of degrading DON was obtained from soil samples collected in wheat fields using an enrichment culture procedure. The isolated bacterium, designated strain WSN05-2, completely removed 1,000 mu g/mL of DON from the culture medium after incubation for 10 days. On the basis of phylogenetic studies, WSN05-2 was classified as a bacterium belonging to the genus Nocardioides. WSN05-2 showed significant growth in culture medium with DON as the sole carbon source. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated the presence of a major initial metabolite of DON in the culture supernatant. The metabolite was identified as 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON) by mass spectrometry and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The amount of DON on wheat grain was reduced by about 90% at 7 days after inoculation with WSN05-2. This is the first report of a Nocardioides sp. strain able to degrade DON and of the yet unknown 3-epi-DON as an intermediate in the degradation of DON by a microorganism.. |
| 118. | Yasuki Watanabe, Natsuki Kuchi-ishi, Toshiki Nakashima, Sumio Iwai, Yoshitaka Ono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Fuminori Komai, Assessment of Allelopathic Activities in Female and Male Individuals of Asparagus Seedlings and Regenerants, Horticulture Journal, 10.2503/jjshs1.80.169, 80, 2, 169-174, 2011, [URL], An aseptic bioassay utilizing female and male donor materials was performed in order to assess the allelopathic activities of cladophylls and root systems in dioecious asparagus. The aseptic sandwich method revealed that the growth of acceptor plants was significantly inhibited by the addition of over 30 mg fresh weight of cladophylls. When female and male cladophylls were separately adopted for the sandwich method, there was no sexual difference in the allelopathic activity of both youthful and senescent cladophylls. To detect the allelopathic effects of root systems, the plant box method employing female and male regenerants was used aseptically, and the growth of acceptor plants was seriously inhibited irrespective of sex expression in donor plants. Early in vitro flowering seedlings expressing individual sex were effectively used for the bioassay, and the results indicated that the degree of allelopathic activities was the same as that in regenerants. These results show that allelopathic activity in female and male plants was equivalent, and that the application of materials that can distinguish between the sexes would be useful for assaying the mutual effects of sexuality on allelopathy. The aseptic bioassay system that employed female and male materials presented here could promote the isolation and identification of allelochemicals.. |
| 119. | Yasuki Watanabe, Sumio Iwai, Yoshitaka Ono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Fuminori Komai, Development of an in vitro System for the Evaluation of Allelopathic Activities of Asparagus Calluses, Horticulture Journal, 10.2503/jjshs1.80.82, 80, 1, 82-88, 2011, [URL], An aseptic bioassay system to estimate allelopathy in asparagus calluses was established. Allelopathic activities of calluses were measured according to the callus packed cell volume (PCV) by means of the sandwich method, and remarkable inhibition of acceptor plants was observed by the addition of over 0.1 mL PCV. When female and male calluses were separately used for the sandwich method, there was no sexual difference in allelopathic activity. To detect the allelopathic activities of the callus cells in detail, we improved the plant box method that substituted the calluses for the seedlings, and serious inhibition of acceptor plants was observed with the addition of over 0.35 mL PCV as donor material. Allelopathic activities were accelerated by irradiating the calluses with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) prior to performing the aseptic bioassay. It also seemed that the light quality would affect their activities. The allelopathic activity appeared intensely with irradiation of the calluses with a blue LED. The aseptic bioassay system that employed LED-irradiated calluses established here could accelerate effectively the isolation and identification of allelochemical(s).. |
| 120. | Satoko Yasumoto, Kanako Suzuki, Morio Matsuzaki, Syuntaro Hiradate, Kenji Oose, Hisako Hirokane, Kensuke Okada, Effects of plant residue, root exudate and juvenile plants of rapeseed (Brassica napus l.) on the germination, growth, yield, and quality of subsequent crops in successive and rotational cropping systems, Plant Production Science, 10.1626/pps.14.339, 14, 4, 339-348, 2011, [URL], Double-low rapeseed cultivars that produce no erucic acid and have only a small amount of glucosinolates are widely used. However, the roots in mature plant residue and leaves and roots of these seedlings still contain a large amount of biologically active glucosinolates, and it is important to clarify the effect of rapeseed cultivation on the subsequent crops. We analyzed the biological activities of the tissues of double-low cultivar at harvest. The laboratory bioassays revealed that the seeds and roots of mature rapeseed plants contained some autotoxic components that were volatile and water-soluble. We also analyzed the effects of root exudates from growing rapeseed plants on rapeseed germination and growth using the stair-step method and found that the root exudates were autotoxic. In the field, we investigated the allelopathic effects of rapeseed plants on the growth, yield, and quality of the subsequent sunfl ower plant in the same field. The growth, yield and thousand kernel weight of sunfl ower were reduced by the preceding cultivation of rapeseed. There were many spontaneously germinated juvenile rapeseed plants in the sunfl ower field preceded by rapeseed cultivation. Analysis of the plant and soil nitrogen (N) indicated that the growth reduction of sunfl ower was not caused by the competition for N with the spontaneously germinated juvenile rapeseed plants. The main factors responsible for poor sunflower growth under field after the cultivation of rapeseed were suggested to be some non-volatile, water-soluble components produced by the roots of the spontaneously germinated juvenile rapeseed.. |
| 121. | Kenji Ono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Sayaka Morita, Kenji Ohse, Keizo Hirai, Humification processes of needle litters on forest floors in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations in Japan, Plant and Soil, 10.1007/s11104-010-0397-z, 338, 1, 171-181, 2011, [URL], We quantitatively clarified the early humification processes on Japanese cedar and Hinoki cypress forest floors by using a litterbag experiment and the solid-state 13C CPMAS NMR technique. There was no significant effect on litter mass loss during early humification between both coniferous litters regardless of the shape of their needles. Carbon composition in both litters showed similar trends during early humification. A/O-A as a humification index was low, around 0.6, in both litters throughout the experiment period although 60% of litter mass was lost. Coniferous litter incubated for 3 years might not be well-humified and would be susceptible to physical fragmentation. Carbon mass loss rates in conifers were in the following order: O-alkyl > aliphatic > aromatic > carbonyl carbons, differing with hardwoods. Conifers had concomitantly higher and lower mass loss rates of aliphatic and aromatic carbons than hardwoods. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulated in topsoil for conifers had relatively high and low contents of aliphatic and aromatic carbons than that for hardwood. These compositional differences of SOC among forests could be caused by the high and low supply rates of aliphatic and aromatic carbons from litter to topsoil. Consequently, initial litter nature and humification processes can affect the compositional qualities of SOC accumulated in soil.. |
| 122. | 小荒井 衛, 山下 亜紀郎, 長澤 良太, Hiroshi Sato, 中埜 貴元, 岩橋 純子, 廣瀬 葉子, 今井 靖晃, 森田 太一, 大場 一樹, 吉田 剛司, 辻村 千尋, 西 謙一, 松浦 俊也, 杉村 乾, 田中 伸彦, 宮本 麻子, 田中 浩, 勝木 俊雄, 滝 久智, 平田 泰雅, 鈴木 重雄, 河本 大地, 日置 佳之, 司馬 愛美子, 中山 詩織, 楠本 良延, 岩崎 亘典, Syuntaro Hiradate, 稲垣 栄洋, 景観生態学図による生物多様性評価の可能性, R Journal, 10.4157/ejgeo.6.104, 6, 1, 104-114, 2011, [URL]. |
| 123. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 土壌腐植物質の生成および安定化メカニズム, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 10.11519/jfsc.123.0.H13.0, 123, 0, H13-H13, 2011, [URL]. |
| 124. | Sayaka Morita, Hidetoshi Kato, Nobusuke Iwasaki, Yoshinobu Kusumoto, Keiichiro Yoshida, Syuntaro Hiradate, Unusually high levels of bio-available phosphate in the soils of Ogasawara Islands, Japan: Putative influence of seabirds, GEODERMA, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.008, 160, 2, 155-164, 2010.12, [URL], Ogasawara Islands are important ecosystems sustaining many indigenous spices. To clarify the indigenous soil environments of Ogasawara Islands, we studied the chemistry of the soils. Many surface soils were low in bio-available P (0 to 0.55 g P(2)O(5) kg(-1), average: 0.04 g P(2)O(5) kg(-1) as Bray II P, n = 22), but several soils were found to contain extremely large amounts of bio-available P (1.36 to 6.98 g P(2)O(5) kg(-1), average: 2.93 g P(2)O(5) kg(-1), n = 5). From soil profile analyses, the authors concluded that the extremely large amount of bio-available P could not be explained by the effects of parent materials with high P contents nor the effect of fertilizations by human activity, but the effects of natural seabird activities in the past could be the cause. The soil profiles with large amounts of bio-available P indicate deep migration of soil materials from A horizons, which could be a result of intensive mixing of upper horizons by seabird activities. The intensive mixing was supported by the low mechanical impedance of the horizons for the P-accumulating soils (8.17 +/- 2.54 kg cm(-2), n = 8) than those for the non-P-accumulating soils (17.46 +/- 3.52 kg cm(-2), n = 36). It is likely that in the past seabirds, such as shearwaters, made burrows in the soils for nesting and propagating and inadvertently transported a large amount of P from the sea to the soils, resulting in the extremely large amounts of bio-available P in the present soils. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.. |
| 125. | Tsunashi Kamo, Ryohei Kasahara, Shun Abe, Mitsuru Hirota, Mami Sugano, Hiroko Yamaya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Carbon sources of natural cyanamide in Vicia villosa subsp. varia, Natural Product Research, 10.1080/14786419.2010.482050, 24, 17, 1637-1642, 2010.10, [URL], The 13C labels of [13C]carbon dioxide and D-[ 13C6]glucose were incorporated into cyanamide (NH2CN) when they were administered to Vicia villosa subsp. varia shoots. In contrast, the administration of sodium [2,3-13C2]pyruvate did not affect the relative area of the [M + 1]+ ion of cyanamide in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. [2,3-13C 2]Pyruvate was incorporated into organic acids that are part of the citric acid cycle, such as succinate and fumarate, confirming that the shoots absorbed and metabolised it. These observations demonstrated that the carbon atom of cyanamide is derived from any of the carbohydrates that are present upstream of pyruvate in the metabolic pathway.. |
| 126. | Emi Sakuno, Tsunashi Kamo, Tomoko Takemura, Hajime Sugie, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Contribution of militarine and dactylorhin A to the plant growth-inhibitory activity of a weed-suppressing orchid, Bletilla striata, WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2010.00385.x, 10, 3, 202-207, 2010.09, [URL], The methanol extract of Bletilla striata, an ornamental orchid in eastern Asia, exhibited plant growth-inhibitory activity. It was purified by continuous chromatography, based on the inhibitory activity against the growth of lettuce seedlings, resulting in two glycosidic compounds, militarine and dactylorhin A. The EC(50) values of militarine and dactylorhin A against the radicle elongation of the lettuce seedlings were 0.28 and 0.88 mmol L-1, respectively. The amount of militarine and dactylorhin A in the methanol extract of the aerial part of B. striata was calculated to be 5.6 and 7.5 mg g-1 fresh weight, respectively. The inhibitory activity of militarine and its content in the methanol extract revealed that the plant growth-inhibitory activity of the extract of B. striata was mainly related to militarine. The inhibitory activity of militarine against the growth of Italian ryegrass and timothy were of the same level as that of lettuce.. |
| 127. | 藤井 義晴, 菅野 真実, 和佐野 直也, Anna Golisz, 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 12-11 植物の一生に及ぼすアレロパシー活性を検定するライフサイクルアセスメント法の開発とDNAマイクロレイによるアレロケミカルの作用の推定(12.植物の代謝成分と農産物の品質,2010年度北海道大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 56, 93, 2010.09. |
| 128. | 尾和 尚人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 19-38 石灰窒素施用土壌におけるシアナミドおよびその反応生成物の変動要因と作用の解析(19.肥料および施肥法,2010年度北海道大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 56, 142, 2010.09. |
| 129. | Syuntaro Hiradate, II-4 生物多様性と土壌診断(II 土壌診断の現状と今後への挑戦-流派そろい踏み-,シンポジウム,2010年度北海道大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 56, 208, 2010.09. |
| 130. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 楠本 良延, 稲垣 栄洋, 松野 和夫, P15-7 水田圃場における田面とその畦畔の土壌化学特性の比較 静岡県内における8圃場の比較(ポスター紹介,15.水田土壌肥よく度,2010年度北海道大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 56, 112, 2010.09. |
| 131. | 森田 沙綾香, 藤間 充, 太田 陽子, 楠本 良延, Syuntaro Hiradate, P21-3 土壌環境制御による植生管理法の開発 第1報 : 土壌酸性化処理とそれにともなう植生変化(ポスター紹介,21.緑化技術,2010年度北海道大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 56, 156, 2010.09. |
| 132. | 小野 賢二, Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 大瀬 健嗣, 平井 敬三, S1-35 落葉分解・腐植生成プロセスの樹種間比較 固体^C核磁気共鳴法およびリターバック法による定量的解析(S1.安定・放射性同位体を用いた土壌炭素動態研究 -何がどこまで分かるのか?-,2010年度北海道大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 56, 12, 2010.09. |
| 133. | 和穎 朗太, 白戸 康人, 近藤 美由紀, 内田 昌男, Syuntaro Hiradate, S1-36 土壌物理分画と同位体分析から見えてくる土壌有機物の分解と安定化プロセス(S1.安定・放射性同位体を用いた土壌炭素動態研究 -何がどこまで分かるのか?-,2010年度北海道大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 56, 12, 2010.09. |
| 134. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Kenji Ohse, Akihiro Furubayashi, Yoshiharu Fujii, Quantitative evaluation of allelopathic potentials in soils Total activity approach, Weed Science, 10.1614/WS-D-09-00085.1, 58, 3, 258-264, 2010.07, [URL], The allelopathic potential of a plant has been evaluated on the basis of two indicators: specific activity, which is the specific concentration of the allelochemical to exert a half-maximum effect on a receiver plant (EC50), and total activity in a plant, which is the ratio of the concentration of an allelochemical in the producing plant to its EC50. In the present study, a new indicator, total activity in a soil, which takes into account the effects of a soil on the allelopathy activity, is proposed because allelopathic activity is affected by the presence of soils. The total activity in a soil was calculated by multiplying the "total activity in a plant" with a "soil factor." In this calculation, we assumed simplified cases for comparison, such that the allelopathic plant materials are evenly incorporated in the soils and the allelochemicals are released from the plant materials to the soils at a constant rate. We conducted bioassay experiments in the presence and absence of soils and cited some published data to calculate the specific activities and total activities in a plant and in a soil. The results indicated that the allelopathies of buckwheat caused by ()-catechin, Leucaena leucocephala by l-mimosine, Xanthium occidentale by trans-cinnamic acid, and Brassica parachinensis by cis-cinnamic acid were not significant in a volcanic ash soil, an alluvial soil, and a calcareous soil, but the allelopathy of sweet vernalgrass caused by coumarin and Spiraea thunbergii by cis-cinnamoyl glucosides was highly effective in those soils. The allelopathies of Juglans species caused by juglone plus juglone precursors and Mucuna pruriens by l-DOPA would depend highly on the soil types. Although some limitations exist for this approach, the total activity approach would allow for a better quantitative estimation of the allelopathic potential of plant materials in soils.. |
| 135. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 加茂綱嗣, 根本正之, ナガミヒナゲシはアレロパシー活性が強く、雑草化リスクが大きいので、広がらないようにする必要があります, 農業環境研究成果情報, 26, 40-41, 2010.03. |
| 136. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 加茂綱嗣, 加藤尚, ナギナタガヤのアレロパシーとそのアレロケミカルの同定, 農業環境研究成果情報, 26, 36-37, 2010.03. |
| 137. | 尾和 尚人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 石灰窒素の主成分シアナミドの硝酸化成抑制作用の解析(2010年度大会一般講演要旨), 土と微生物, 10.18946/jssm.64.2_137_4, 64, 2, 137, 2010, [URL]. |
| 138. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 生きている土壌 腐植と熟土の生成と働き, エアハルト・ヘニッヒ著, 中村英司訳, 四六判(20cm), 348pp, 定価1,995円(本体1,900円,税95円), 日本有機農業研究会, (社)農山漁村文化協会, ISBN:978-4-540-08314-3, 2009年6月第1刷発行, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 10.20710/dojo.80.5_560, 80, 5, 560-560, 2009.10. |
| 139. | 藤井 義晴, 大瀬 健嗣, 古林 章弘, 森田 沙綾香, 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 12-4 根圏土壌法による植物の根から放出される物質によるアレロパシー活性の検定 植物栽培土壌を用いた検定とプラントボックス法との関係(12.植物の代謝成分と農作物の品質,2009年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 55, 104, 2009.09. |
| 140. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 楠本 良延, 加藤 英寿, 13-6 小笠原諸島・母島の土壌中に異常蓄積している可給態リン酸の起源について(13.土壌生成・分類,2009年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 55, 110, 2009.09. |
| 141. | 尾和 尚人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 19-55 石灰窒素の主要構成成分であるシアナミドの硝酸化成抑制作用(19.肥料および施肥法,2009年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 55, 153, 2009.09. |
| 142. | 尾和 尚人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 川崎 晃, 藤井 義晴, 51 石灰窒素の土壌施用にともなうカドミウムイオンの不溶化要因の解析(関東支部講演会,2008年度各支部会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 55, 282, 2009.09. |
| 143. | 酒井 有希, 渡部 敏裕, 中村 孝志, 石川 覚, Syuntaro Hiradate, 信濃 卓郎, 大崎 満, P11-14 モエジマシダのヒ素耐性メカニズム チオール化合物の寄与(ポスター紹介,11.植物の有害元素,2009年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 55, 102, 2009.09. |
| 144. | 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 伊藤 豊彰, P9-9 産地が異なるヨモギの土壌の化学的特性に対する生育反応(ポスター紹介,9.植物の多量栄養素,2009年度京都大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 55, 79, 2009.09. |
| 145. | Kenji Ono, Keizo Hirai, Sayaka Morita, Kenji Ohse, Syuntaro Hiradate, Organic carbon accumulation processes on a forest floor during an early humification stage in a temperate deciduous forest in Japan Evaluations of chemical compositional changes by 13C NMR and their decomposition rates from litterbag experiment, Geoderma, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.001, 151, 3-4, 351-356, 2009.07, [URL], To quantitatively clarify the organic carbon accumulation processes on the forest floor during an early stage of humification (3 years), solid-state 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) signals were monitored for phased-humified beech and oak litters and soil surface horizons in the northern Kanto District, Japan. The mass loss rate of the carbon components during the humification for both litters was in the following order: O-alkyl > aromatic > aliphatic > carbonyl carbons. This result indicates that the labile O-alkyl carbons, probably dominated by holocellulose were selectively degraded compared to the other components. 44% of O-alkyl carbon mass for beech and 38% for oak lost throughout 3 years of incubation. Inversely, the mass of aliphatic carbons, which is mainly composed of saturated hydrocarbons, decreased quite slowly from 20 to 10% with humification, probably because a large proportion of the aliphatic carbons are secondary products of microorganisms. The aromatic carbon mass, which would be derived from lignin/tannin and their metabolites, also decreased gradually from 17 to 6% over 3 years. While, the carbonyl carbon mass was quite stable at around 2% throughout the incubation period, probably because the hydrolysis reactions of organic carbon would contribute to the formation of the carbonyl carbons. According to an exponential model, the total carbon stocks on the forest floor converged at 4.2 Mg C ha- 1 for the first few years at the studying site. The carbon compositions converged to intermediate levels between those of the F and A1 horizons. The simulation in the present study is able to represent the carbon accumulation process on the forest floor including a part of the mineral.. |
| 146. | Atsushi Ooshiro, Syuntaro Hiradate, Shinji Kawano, Tetsuya Takushi, Yoshiharu Fujii, Masahiro Natsume, Hiroshi Abe, Identification and activity of ethyl gallate as an antimicrobial compound produced by geranium carolinianum, Weed Biology and Management, 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2009.00335.x, 9, 2, 169-172, 2009.06, [URL], We isolated an antimicrobial compound from the aerial tissue of Geranium carolinianum and identified it as ethyl 3, 4, 5-trihydroxy benzoate (ethyl gallate) by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of ethyl gallate against three potato pathogens was assayed by the paper disk method. The activity against Ralstonia solanacerum, Streptomyces scabies, and Streptomyces acidiscabies was observed at concentrations >200, >300, and >300 μg disk -1, respectively. These results suggest that the antimicrobial activity of Geranium carolinianum against soil-borne plant disease pathogens is partly related to ethyl gallate.. |
| 147. | Tsunashi Kamo, Kenji Kato, Shun Abe, Mitsuru Hirota, Hiroko Yamaya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Biosynthetic origin of the nitrogen atom in cyanamide in Vicia villosa subsp. varia, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00354.x, 55, 2, 235-242, 2009.04, [URL], Natural cyanamide (NH2CN) has recently been found in three Leguminosae plants: Vicia villosa subsp. varia, Vicia cracca and Robinia pseudo-acacia. As cyanamide has long been thought to be absent in nature, its physiological role and biosynthesis are totally unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated the incorporation of 15N from [15N]nitrate and [15N]ammonium into cyanamide using shoots of V. villosa subsp. varia, which ruled out the possibility that nodules are essential in cyanamide biosynthesis. We also applied [15N2]cyanamide to shoots of V. villosa subsp. varia to monitor its turnover, and detected [ 15N2]cyanamide in the leaves within 4 h; it was present without detectable degradation for more than 4 days. In contrast, maximum incorporation of 15N into cyanamide molecules was observed after 4 days of feeding the shoots with 15N-labeled inorganic ions and l-[amide-15N]-glutamine, indicating that these nitrogenous compounds are distant precursors of cyanamide. Although the guanidino group of l-arginine (-NH-C(NH2)=NH) and urea (NH2C(=O)NH2) were candidate precursors of cyanamide on the basis of structural similarity, direct incorporation of the guanidino group of l-[13C6, 15N4]-arginine and [13C,15N 2]urea into cyanamide was not observed. These results eliminated the possibility that cyanamide is biosynthesized by the addition of ammonia to an electrophilic carbon or by the conversion of the tested compounds that were structurally relevant to cyanamide.. |
| 148. | Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, 吉岡 俊人, 藤 茂雄, 川上 直人, 豊増 知伸, 清和 研二, 深尾 武司, 高橋 宏和, 中園 幹生, 米山 弘一, 米山 香織, 秋山 康紀, 林 英雄, 小林 浩幸, 本田 裕紀郎, 林田 光祐, 小山 浩正, 大田 正次, 丹羽 未来子, Hakan Ozkan, 中野 真理子, 増田 理子, 西村 文武, 津田 智, 関岡 裕明, 山口 信次郎, 三ツ井 敏明, 朝比奈 雅志, Hiroyuki Nonogaki, 久城 哲夫, 岡本 昌憲, 南原 英司, Syuntaro Hiradate, 西廣 美穂, 正木 隆, 立松 圭, 内藤 哲, 発芽生物学 種子発芽の生理・生態・分子機構, 種生物学研究, 32, 1-436, 2009.03. |
| 149. | Ei Ei Mon, Taiki Hirata, Ken Kawamoto, Syuntaro Hiradate, Toshiko Komatsu, Per Moldrup, Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid onto volcanic ash soils Effects of pH and soil organic matter, EnvironmentAsia, 2, 1, 1-9, 2009.01, The quantification of the linear adsorption coefficient (K d) for soils plays a vital role to predict fate and transport of pesticides in the soil-water environment. In this study, we measured K d values for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) adsorption onto Japanese volcanic ash soils with different amount of soil organic matter (SOM) in batch experiments under different pH conditions. All measurements followed well both linear and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Strong correlations were found between measured K d values and pH as well as SOM. The 2,4-D adsorption increased with decreasing pH and with increasing SOM. Based on the data, a predictive K d equation for volcanic ash soils, log (K d) = 2.04 - 0.37 pH + 0.91 log (SOM), was obtained by the multiple regression analysis. The predictive K d equation was tested against measured 2,4-D sorption data for other volcanic ash soils and normal mineral soils from literature. The proposed K d equation well predicted K d values for other volcanic ash soils and slightly over- or under-predicted K d values for normal mineral soils. The proposed K d equation performed well against volcanic ash soils from different sites and countries, and is therefore recommended for predicting K d values at different pH and SOM conditions for volcanic ash soils when calculating and predicting 2,4-D mobility and fate in soil and groundwater.. |
| 150. | 小野 賢二, 平井 敬三, 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, 落葉分解リターや表層土壌試料中の有機物組成への46%フッ化水素溶液処理の影響, 日本森林学会大会発表データベース, 10.11519/jfsc.120.0.581.0, 120, 0, 581-581, 2009, [URL]. |
| 151. | Akio Tani, Chiemi Inoue, Yoko Tanaka, Yoko Yamamoto, Hideki Kondo, Syuntaro Hiradate, Kazuhide Kimbara, Fusako Kawai, The crucial role of mitochondrial regulation in adaptive aluminium resistance in Rhodotorula glutinis, MICROBIOLOGY-SGM, 10.1099/mic.0.2007/016048-0, 154, 11, 3437-3446, 2008.11, [URL], Rhodotorula glutinis IFO1125 was found to acquire increased aluminium (Al) resistance from 50 mu M to more than 5 mM by repetitive culturing with stepwise increases in Al concentration at pH 4.0. To investigate the mechanism underlying this novel phenomenon, wild-type and Al- resistant cells were compared. Neither cell type accumulated the free form of Al (Al3+) added to the medium. Transmission electron microscopic analyses revealed a greater number of mitochondria in resistant cells. The formation of small mitochondria with simplified cristae structures was observed in the wild-type strain grown in the presence of Al and in resistant cells grown in the absence of Al. Addition of Al to cells resulted in high mitochondrial membrane potential and concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to Al also resulted in elevated levels of oxidized proteins and oxidized lipids. Addition of the antioxidants a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid alleviated the Al toxicity, suggesting that ROS generation is the main cause of Al toxicity. Differential display analysis indicated upregulation of mitochondrial genes in the resistant cells. Resistant cells were found to have 2.5- to 3-fold more mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) than the wild-type strain. Analysis of tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory-chain enzyme activities in wild-type and resistant cells revealed significantly reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity and resultant high ROS production in the latter cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the adaptive increased resistance to Al stress in resistant cells resulted from an increased number of mitochondria and increased mtDNA content, as a compensatory response to reduced respiratory activity caused by a deficiency in complex IV function.. |
| 152. | Kentaro Hayashi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Satoru Ishikawa, Isamu Nouchi, Ammonia exchange between rice leaf blades and the atmosphere Effect of broadcast urea and changes in xylem sap and leaf apoplastic ammonium concentrations, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00299.x, 54, 5, 807-818, 2008.10, [URL], To elucidate the effects of broadcast urea on ammonia (NH3) exchange between the atmosphere and rice, we investigated the NH3 exchange flux between rice leaf blades and the atmosphere, xylem sap ammonium (NH4+) concentration, leaf apoplastic NH4 + concentration and pH, and determined the stomatal NH3 compensation point. Paddy rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) cultivation using experimental pots was conducted in the open air. Three treatments, no nitrogen (NN), standard nitrogen (SN) and high nitrogen (HN), were prepared for two supplemental fertilizations. Urea with 0, 30 and 60 kg N ha-1 for the NN, SN and HN treatments, respectively, was broadcast at panicle initiation, and urea with 0, 20 and 40 kg N ha-1 for the NN, SN and HN treatments, respectively, was broadcast at heading. The NH3 exchange fluxes between the rice leaf blades and the atmosphere (SN treatment) measured using a dynamic chamber technique showed net deposition in general; however, net emission from the old leaves occurred 1 day after the application at heading. In contrast, the xylem sap NH4+ concentrations increased markedly 1 day after both applications, which suggests direct transportation of NH4+ from the rice roots to the above-ground parts. The applications resulted in no obvious increase in the leaf apoplastic NH4+ concentrations. The relationship between the NH4+ concentration in the xylem sap and that in the leaf apoplast was uncertain, although the NH4+ in the xylem sap came from the roots and the NH4+ in the apoplast might be affected by the stomatal deposition of NH3. The stomatal NH3 compensation point of rice was estimated to be 0.1-4.1 nmol mol-1 air (20°C). The direction and intensity of the exchange flux through the stomata, interpreted on the basis of the temperature-corrected NH3 compensation point, agreed with the observed exchange flux between the rice leaf blades and the atmosphere.. |
| 153. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 楠本 良延, 土壌の化学特性が外来植物と在来植物の住み分けに与える影響 (特集 外来植物のリスク評価と蔓延防止(2)), 農業技術, 63, 10, 469-474, 2008.10. |
| 154. | 藤井 義晴, Anna Golisz, 菅野 真実, 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 10-16 ヘアリーベッチとハリエンジュに含まれるシアナミドが植物に及ぼす影響 成長への影響とDNAマイクロアレイによる遺伝子発現への影響評価(10.植物の代謝,2008年度愛知大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 101, 2008.09. |
| 155. | 村野 宏達, 大谷 卓, 古林 章弘, 小林 勝一郎, Syuntaro Hiradate, 15 除草剤Clomepropの代謝産物DMPAのアロフェン黒ぼく土への吸着(関東支部講演会,2007年度各支部会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 271, 2008.09. |
| 156. | 山口 紀子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 2-3 腐植酸と結合した鉄、アルミニウムの化学形態(2.土壌有機・無機化学,2008年度愛知大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 22, 2008.09. |
| 157. | 西村 周作, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤嶽 暢英, 進藤 晴夫, 2-6 黒ボク土における植物炭化物の性状(2.土壌有機・無機化学,2008年度愛知大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 23, 2008.09. |
| 158. | 岡島 祥一, 中嶋 彩起子, 海野 佑介, 信濃 卓郎, Benjamin L. Turner, Syuntaro Hiradate, 大崎 満, 9 土壌リン形態変化の^P NMRによる解析(北海道支部講演会,2007年度各支部会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 243, 2008.09. |
| 159. | 大瀬 健嗣, 古林 章弘, 山谷 紘子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, P10-5 全活性法による土壌中での他感作用の定量的評価および根圏土壌法による他感作用活性(ポスター紹介,10.植物の代謝,2008年度愛知大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 102, 2008.09. |
| 160. | 小野 賢二, 平井 敬三, 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, P2-1 北関東地域の森林土壌におけるリター分解および有機物の腐植化プロセスの解析 13C固体NMRによる有機物組成の経時的解析(ポスター紹介,2.土壌有機・無機化学,2008年度愛知大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 30, 2008.09. |
| 161. | 森田 沙綾香, 楠本 良延, 北川 靖夫, 藤井 義晴, 加藤 英寿, Syuntaro Hiradate, P2-5 小笠原諸島・父島、母島、兄島における植生と表層土壌の化学的特性との関係(ポスター紹介,2.土壌有機・無機化学,2008年度愛知大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 32, 2008.09. |
| 162. | 島村 雄彦, 鈴木 正哉, 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, P3 イモゴライトの合成における陰イオン種の影響(ポスター討論), 粘土科学討論会講演要旨集, 52, 162-163, 2008.09. |
| 163. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 井上 弦, 細野 衛, 佐瀬 隆, P4-1 南部浮石と中掫浮石の間に産する埋没腐植層の風化過程解析 : ^Alおよび^Si固体NMRスペクトルによる土壌無機母材の風化解析(ポスター紹介,4.土壌物理化学・鉱物,2008年度愛知大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 54, 38, 2008.09. |
| 164. | Toshihiro Watanabe, Seiji Misawa, Syuntaro Hiradate, Mitsuru Osaki, Root mucilage enhances aluminum accumulation in Melastoma malabathricum, an aluminum accumulator, Plant Signaling and Behavior, 3, 8, 603-605, 2008.08, Root mucilage is gelatinous polysaccharide-containing material exuded from the outer layers of the root cap. Although mucilage has been suggested to play several roles in plant growth, its role in mineral uptake has not been well understood. Melastoma malabathricum L. is an aluminum (Al) accumulator growing in tropical acid soils. This species accumulates more than 10 mg Al g -1 DW in leaves and roots. Root mucilage is generally known to immobilize metal cations such as Al in the rhizosphere. However, we found that roots of M. malabathricum exuded large amounts of mucilage. Using the Zea mays L. mucilage as a control, we have recently shown that mucilage of M. malabathricum has unique physical and chemical characteristics, and facilitates Al uptake in this species. Since M. malabathricum cannot grow well in Al-deficient soil (nonacid soils), this species might have developed a mechanism for Al acquisition. We have also discussed the reason for this species' requirement of Al, a nonessential element.. |
| 165. | Yoshiharu Fujii, Tsunashi Kamo, Syuntaro Hiradate, Nobuhiro Hirai, AGRO 12-Cyanamide in hairy vetch, tufted vetch, and black locust, ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 236, 2008.08. |
| 166. | Toshihiro Watanabe, Seiji Misawa, Syuntaro Hiradate, Mitsuru Osaki, Characterization of root mucilage from Melastoma malabathricum, with emphasis on its roles in aluminum accumulation, NEW PHYTOLOGIST, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02397.x, 178, 3, 581-589, 2008.05, [URL], Plant roots exude viscous polysaccharides, called mucilage. One of the suggested roles of mucilage is immobilization of toxic metal cations, including aluminum (Al), in the rhizosphere. Mucilage exuded from roots of Melastoma malabathricum (Al accumulator) was characterized in comparison with that of Zea mays (maize; Al nonaccumulator). Removal of mucilage significantly reduced Al accumulation in M. malabathricum. The cation adsorption affinity of M. malabathricum mucilage was higher for Al and lanthanum (La) than for barium (Ba), whereas that of maize mucilage was in the order Ba > La > Al. A (27)Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the Al-adsorbed mucilage and bioassay with alfalfa seedlings indicated that the concentrated Al in the mucilage of M. malabathricum, unlike that of maize, bound very weakly to cation exchange sites of mucilage. The higher charge density in M. malabathricum mucilage, derived from unmethylated uronic acid, is inferred to be related to preferential adsorption of trivalent cation. Not only a higher degree of methylation in the uronic acid (glucuronic acid) but also H(+) release from roots to the mucilage appears to be responsible for the loose binding of Al in M. malabathricum mucilage. These characteristics of mucilage may help Al hyperaccumulation in M. malabathricum.. |
| 167. | 藤井 義晴, Syuntaro Hiradate, 外来生物法と「外来植物のリスク評価と蔓延防止」に関する研究のねらい (特集 外来植物のリスク評価と蔓延防止(1)), 農業技術, 63, 5, 198-202, 2008.05. |
| 168. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 寺田 靖子, 北島 信行, 高橋 美智子, 西澤 直子, 山口 紀子, 竹中 眞, シンクロトロン放射光を用いた微量元素の動態解明 植物・土壌試料への適用, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 79, 2, 229-237, 2008.04, X線、赤外線などの光を利用した分光分析技術は、植物・土壌中元素の定量・定性分析に古くから活用されてきた。近年、シンクロトロン放射光源の出現によりその応用範囲は拡大し、放射光は土壌肥料学分野においても有力な分析ツールとして注目されている。放射光とは、ほぼ光速で直進する荷電粒子がその進行方向を磁場の中で変えられる際に発生する光（電磁波）であり、円環状の粒子加速器であるシンクロトロンを利用することによって得られる。シンクロトロン放射光のメリットを活かした研究例として、まずX線マイクロビームを利用した蛍光X線分析による無機元素のイメージング（特定元素の分布の可視化）が挙げられる。輝度および平行度の高いシンクロトロン放射光は、μmスケールまで絞っても、植物・土壌中に存在する微量元素を励起できることから、微小領域の蛍光X線分析に利用できる。たとえば植物中の微量元素の分布を組織・細胞レベルで検出できるマイクロ蛍光X線イメージング技術は、植物中の微量元素の動態を明らかにするために有効である。本シンポジウムでは、シンクロトロン放射光の利用を促進する目的で、土壌肥料関連分野におけるいくつかの研究例とともに、実際の利用方法や利用にあたっての注意事項などを紹介した。. |
| 169. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 腐植物質分析ハンドブック-標準試料を例にして-, 日本腐植物質学会監修, 渡辺彰・藤嶽暢英・長尾誠也編, A5版, 142pp, 定価2,500円(本体価格2,381円), 三恵社, 2007年10月発行, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 10.20710/dojo.79.2_245, 79, 2, 245-245, 2008.04. |
| 170. | Tsunashi Kamo, Mai Endo, Masae Sato, Ryohei Kasahara, Hiroko Yamaya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Nobuhiro Hirai, Mitsuru Hirota, Limited distribution of natural cyanamide in higher plants: Occurrence in Vicia villosa subsp varia, V. cracca, and Robinia pseudo-acacia, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.11.004, 69, 5, 1166-1172, 2008.03, [URL], Cyanamide (NH2CN) has recently been proven to be a natural product, although it has been synthesized for over 100 years for agricultural and industrial purposes. The distribution of natural cyanamide appears to be limited, as indicated by our previous investigation of 101 weed species. In the present study, to investigate the distribution of natural cyanamide in Vicia species, we monitored the cyanamide contents in V villosa subsp. varia, V cracca, and V amoena during their pre-flowering and flowering seasons. It was confirmed that V cracca was superior to V villosa subsp. varia in accumulating natural cyanamide, and that V amoena was unable to biosynthesize this compound under laboratory condition examined. The localization of cyanamide in the leaves of V villosa subsp. varia seedlings was also clarified. In a screening study to find cyanamide-biosynthesizing plants, only Robinia pseudo-acacia was found to contain cyanamide among 452 species of higher plants. We have investigated 553 species to date, but have so far found the ability to biosynthesize cyanamide in only three species, V villosa subsp. varia, V. cracca and R. pseudo-acacia. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. |
| 171. | 駒井 史訓, 渡部 泰希, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, アスパラガスのアレロパシー活性に及ぼす光質の影響, 園芸学研究. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表要旨, 7, 1, 379, 2008.03. |
| 172. | 山谷紘子, 平舘俊太郎, 藤井義晴, 外来植物アカギに含まれる植物生育阻害物質はＬ－酒石酸, 農業環境研究成果情報, 24, 28-29, 2008.03. |
| 173. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 簡易型雑草リスク評価法の提案とこれによるリスク評価, 農業環境研究成果情報, 24, 30-31, 2008.03. |
| 174. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 山谷紘子, 加茂綱嗣, 要注意外来植物ハリエンジュにもシアナミドが含まれる, 農業環境研究成果情報, 24, 26-27, 2008.03. |
| 175. | Hirotatsu Murano, Takashi Otani, Akihiro Furubayashi, Kohji Yamamura, Katsuichiro Kobayashi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Adsorption of herbicidally active degradate 2-(2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid on an andosol, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 10.1021/jf0729816, 56, 4, 1350-1357, 2008.02, [URL], The adsorption of 2-(2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (DMPA) on the surface horizon of a humus-rich Andosol was examined. To investigate the mechanisms of adsorption, chemically treated Andosols, such as organic matter removed Andosol, organic matter and active metals removed Andosol, and clay minerals of the Andosol, were prepared. Furthermore, humic acid was extracted from the Andosol. The mechanisms of the DMPA adsorption were identified by using those untreated and chemically treated Andosols and the humic acid. The amount of DMPA adsorbed increased with decreasing equilibrium pH value. Active surface hydroxyl groups were identified as the most important soil functional group in DMPA adsorption. The predominant mechanism of DMPA adsorption on the Andosol is a ligand-exchange reaction, in which an active surface hydroxyl on Al and/or Fe is replaced by a carboxylic group of DMPA. A comparative study revealed that the amount of DMPA adsorbed was slightly greater than that of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), especially at equilibrium pH values below 5. This is because the octanol-water partition coefficient (log K(ow),) of DMPA in the equilibrium pH range is higher than that of 2,4-D, and SOM participates in the adsorption process through a hydrophobic interaction.. |
| 176. | Kenji Mori, Takuya Tashiro, Tomoko Yoshimura, Masami Takita, Jun Tabata, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hajime Sugie, Determination of the absolute configuration of the male aggregation pheromone, 2-methyl-6-(4′-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)hept-2-en-1-ol, of the stink bug Erysarcoris lewisi (Distant) as 2Z,6R,1′S,5′S by its synthesis, Tetrahedron Letters, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.036, 49, 2, 354-357, 2008.01, [URL], Lipase-catalyzed asymmetric acetylation of a mixture of (6R,1′S,4′S,5′R)- and (6R,1′R,4′R,5′S)-7′-norsesquisabinen-4′-ol (3) afforded a separable mixture of the recovered former and the acetate of the latter. The recovered alcohol was oxidized to (6R,1′S,5′R)-sesquisabina ketone (2), whose absolute configuration could be assigned by its CD comparison with (1R,5S)-sabina ketone (4). Conversion of (6R,1′S,5′R)-sesquisabina ketone (2) to the bioactive pheromone revealed the stereostructure of the male aggregation pheromone of the stink bug Erysarcoris lewisi (Distant) to be (2Z,6R,1′S,5′S)-2-methyl-6-(4′-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)hept-2-en-1-ol (sesquisabinen-1-ol, 1).. |
| 177. | Akio Morita, Osamu Yanagisawa, Satoshi Takatsu, Setsuko Maeda, Syuntaro Hiradate, Mechanism for the detoxification of aluminum in roots of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze), PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.007, 69, 1, 147-153, 2008.01, [URL], To determine the mechanism of aluminum (Al) detoxification in the roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze), the amounts of Al and Al-chelating compounds (fluoride (F), organic acids and catechins) were measured and the chemical forms of A, in root cell extracts were identified by the application of Al-27-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Tea plants were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing 0, 4, 1.0 and 4.0 mM of Al at pH 4.2 for approximately 10 weeks. The levels of soluble Al, water-soluble oxalate and citrate, but not F, malate or catechins in young roots increased with an increase in the concentration of Al in the treatment solution. The Al-27 NMR spectra of root tips and cell sap extracted from root tips that had been treated with Al were almost identical and had four signals, with two (11 and 16 ppm) apparently corresponding to the known chemical shifts of Al-oxalate complexes. In the spectra of cell sap, the resonances at 11 and 16 ppm increased with an increase in the Al contents. These results suggest that the levels of Al-oxalate complexes increased in response to an increase in the Al level, implying that oxalate is a key Al-chelating compound in the mechanism of Al detoxification in the tea root. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. |
| 178. | Hajime Sugie, Mayumi Teshiba, Yutaka Narai, Takafumi Tsutsumi, Nobuo Sawamura, Jun Tabata, Syuntaro Hiradate, Identification of a sex pheromone component of the Japanese mealybug, Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana), Applied Entomology and Zoology, 10.1303/aez.2008.369, 43, 3, 369-375, 2008, [URL], A sex pheromone component of the Japanese mealybug, Planococcus kraunhiae, was isolated and identified. A crude extract of the pheromone obtained by airborne collection was first fractionated with Florisil column chromatography. The activity of each fractionated sample was examined in Petri dishes. The active fraction was further purified by HPLC and an active component was isolated by preparative GC. The purified compound showed attraction activity to adult males of P. kraunhiae in the field. The chemical structure was determined to be 2-isopropyliden-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl butyrate by GC-MS and NMR analyses.. |
| 179. | Masami Takita, Hajime Sugie, Jun Tabata, Syoichi Ishii, Syuntaro Hiradate, Isolation and estimation of the aggregation pheromone from Eysarcoris lewisi (Distant) (Heteroptera Pentatomidae), Applied Entomology and Zoology, 10.1303/aez.2008.11, 43, 1, 11-17, 2008, [URL], A male-produced crude aggregation pheromone from Eysarcoris lewisi (Distant) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was collected from volatiles emitted by adult males. It was purified with high performance liquid chromatography using a silica gel column, followed by preparative gas chromatography. The attraction activity of each fraction was field tested using water pan traps. The isolated compound of the aggregation pheromone component was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR, and the chemical structure was estimated to be (Z)-2-methyl-6-(4- methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)hept-2-en-1-ol.. |
| 180. | 元木 悟, 西原 英治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 篠原 温, 豆類のアレロパシー評価法の検討, 北陸作物学会報, 10.19016/hokurikucs.43.0_117, 43, 0, 117-121, 2008, [URL], The growth-inhibitory activity associated with allelopathy from bean was studied using the "Plant Box Method" and "Sandwich Method" in bioassays. By these methods, we confirmed that bean produced allelochemical substances from their roots. These methods also enabled to evaluate the effect of flowable activated carbon (activated carbon F) as one of the materials onto which the allelochemical substances were absorbed at a laboratory level.. |
| 181. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Jian Feng Ma, Hideaki Matsumoto, Strategies of Plants to Adapt to Mineral Stresses in Problem Soils, Advances in Agronomy, 10.1016/S0065-2113(07)96004-6, 96, 65-132, 2007.10, [URL], Mineral imbalance in high-input agricultural ecosystems has become an acute concern in many developed countries. Relapse into low-input agricultural ecosystems, however, will cause mineral stresses to crops, resulting in reduced food productions. Under such natural soil conditions, some endemic plants can tolerate the mineral stresses because they have evolved to adapt to the stresses. Numerous studies have been conducted to clarify the chemistry of the mineral elements of interest in rhizosphere and to utilize the tolerant mechanisms in plants. In this chapter, the authors reviewed the research progress on molecular scale mechanisms of Fe-deficiency, Al-toxicity, and P-deficiency stresses in soils and their tolerances by plants. In low Fe-availability conditions, two Fe-acquisition mechanisms of plants have been clarified: enhanced Fe dissolution in rhizosphere by secreted proton/reductants/chelators followed by reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and specific uptake of Fe2+ (Strategy I) and Fe dissolution by secreted hexadentate Fe3+-transporting molecule (phytosiderophore) by forming Fe3+-phytosiderophore complex followed by specific uptake of the complex (Strategy II). Two tolerant mechanisms against high Al-toxicity of soils have been reported: exclusion of Al from cytoplasm (exclusion mechanism) and detoxification of Al in plants (internal detoxification mechanism). Phosphorous acquisition mechanisms of plants from low P-availability soils would be (1) alteration of root architecture, (2) secretion of organic acids, (3) secretion of phosphatase, and (4) enhanced expression of P transporter on roots. Some of the molecular mechanisms for the expression of the tolerances and their application to the genetic improvement are also reviewed.. |
| 182. | 笠原 良平, 加茂 綱嗣, 廣田 満, Syuntaro Hiradate, 山谷 紘子, 藤井 義晴, ヘアリーベッチにおけるシアナミドの生合成部位, 植物の生長調節 = Regulation of plant growth & development, 42, 81, 2007.10, Cyanamide (NH_2CN) has been isolated from hairy vetch Vicia villosa subsp. varia as a natural product for the first time. We have already clarified that the cyanamide content in hairy vetch seedlings cultivated in the growth chamber reaches its maximum at 3-4 week. The present study aims at elucidating the organ in which cyanamide is biosynthesized. The cyanamide contents in the leaves, the stems, and the roots of 4-week-old seedlings were 629 ± 209, 256 ± 134, and N incorporation into cyanamide in the whole aerial parts to that in the apical portion including the younger leaves. The ^^N isotope abundance ratio in the isolated cyanamide was 3.99 ± 0.61% (average ± SE) when the whole aerial parts was incubated with ^^N-labeled nitrogen sources, which was significantly higher than that of control (0.28 ± 0.03%). In contrast, the cyanamide isolated from the apical portion was not ^^N-labeled on the same condition. These results imply that cyanamide is biosynthesized in the mature leaves.. |
| 183. | 駒井 史訓, 渡部 泰希, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, アスパラガスのアスパラガスに対するアレロパシー様活性の無菌的生物検定, 園芸学研究. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表要旨, 6, 2, 542, 2007.09. |
| 184. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Takuya Yonezawa, Hiroshi Takesako, Fine fractionation and purification of the fulvic acid fraction using adsorption and precipitation procedures, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00159.x, 53, 4, 413-419, 2007.08, [URL], A new scheme for fine fractionating and purifying a crude fulvic acid fraction was proposed. The fractionation procedure includes an adsorption process of the fulvic acid fraction on a hydrophobic resin (e.g. XAD-8 and DAX-8) and a sequence of successive elution processes. This procedure yields a non-adsorbed fraction (FA-1), a 0.1 mol L-1 HCl eluted fraction (FA-2), a distilled water eluted fraction (FA-3) and a 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH eluted fraction (FA-4). To remove salts and water, the fractionated organic molecules were co-precipitated with Al hydroxides at pH 5 and collected by centrifugation. Recoveries of carbon from the crude fulvic acid fraction of an Andosol were 42, 20, 19 and 14% for FA-1, FA-2, FA-3 and FA-4, respectively, and 96% of carbon was recovered in total. Optical properties and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that the chemical properties of FA-1 were similar to those of FA-2 and were hydrophilic, while the chemical properties of FA-3 were very close to those of FA-4 and were hydrophobic (estimated hydrophobicity: humic acid >> FA-4 ≥ FA-3 >> FA-2 ≥ FA-1). A fulvic acid that can be isolated using the International Humic Substances Society method would be, in practice, a mixture of hydrophilic fulvic acid (FA-2) and hydrophobic fulvic acid (FA-3 + FA-4). The method developed in the present study will provide more detailed, quantitative and complete information of the fulvic acid fraction of soils.. |
| 185. | 井上 弦, Syuntaro Hiradate, 佐瀬 隆, 細野 衛, 外崎 公徳, 松崎 浩之, 13-9 十和田火山テフラ分布域における埋没黒ボク土の^C年代と生成環境(13.土壌生成・分類,2007年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 53, 112, 2007.08. |
| 186. | 藤井 義晴, 菅野 真実, Dolorosa Pariasca, 大瀬 健嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, P10-14 侵入・導入される外来植物の他感作用のプラントボックス法による検索 15年間の検定結果1万件のデータベース化(10.植物の代謝,2007年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 53, 99, 2007.08. |
| 187. | 大瀬 健嗣, 古林 章弘, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, P10-16 根圏土壌法による外来植物の他感作用検定および他感作用活性の季節的変化(10.植物の代謝,2007年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 53, 100, 2007.08. |
| 188. | 山谷 紘子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 大瀬 健嗣, 古林 章弘, 藤井 義晴, P10-6 ギンネム葉に含まれる植物生育阻害物質の単離・同定と土壌中における生育阻害活性の変化 全活性を指標にして(10.植物の代謝,2007年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 53, 97, 2007.08. |
| 189. | 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, 楠本 良延, 山本 勝利, 藤井 義晴, P11-2 在来植物および外来植物が生育する土壌環境 在来植物4種,外来植物4種,および雑種タンポポの室内栽培実験から(11.植物の栄養生態,2007年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 53, 102, 2007.08. |
| 190. | 古林 章弘, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, P2-7 土壌環境中におけるカテコール化合物の吸着・変換反応と植物生育阻害活性の低下(2.土壌有機・無機化学,2007年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 53, 24, 2007.08. |
| 191. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 井上 弦, 森田 沙綾香, P2-8 都城盆地の累積性黒ぼく土断面における火山灰の風化 固体高分解能^Alおよび^Si-NMRスペクトルによる解析(2.土壌有機・無機化学,2007年度東京大会), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 53, 25, 2007.08. |
| 192. | M. Watanabe, Y. Inoue, N. Sakagami, O. Bolormaa, K. Kawasaki, Syuntaro Hiradate, N. Fujitake, H. Ohta, Characterization of major and trace elements in sclerotium grains, Journal of Soil Sciences, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00868.x, 58, 3, 786-793, 2007.06, [URL], Sclerotium grains in soil contain humus-metal complexes that are probably produced from fungal metabolites. The characterization of major elements in sclerotium grains collected from volcanic ash soils in Mt Myoko was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FT-IR spectrometry and CHN analysis, and the concentration of trace elements was determined by PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission spectrometer) analysis. The content of major elements, C, H, N, O and Al, was approximately 47.6, 3.32, 0.78, 30.2 and 1.4% by mass, respectively. Trace elements such as Ti, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb were detected in the grains at concentrations between 10 and 100 μg g-1. Functional carbon groups for the whole grain were characterized by the dominance of O-alkyl C associated with aromatic C. The comparison between the surface and subsurface (matrix) of the grain showed that the concentrations of O, C and N were relatively greater on the surface of sclerotium grains than in the matrix. The proportion of carbon having C-O, C=O, and O-C=O bonds, O and N showed a tendency to decrease from the surface towards the matrix. The proportion of C assigned as C-C and/or C-H bonds had a tendency to increase towards the matrix associated with Al.. |
| 193. | Tsutomu Ohno, Ivan J. Fernandez, Syuntaro Hiradate, Jessica F. Sherman, Effects of soil acidification and forest type on water soluble soil organic matter properties, Geoderma, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.004, 140, 1-2, 176-187, 2007.06, [URL], Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in ecosystem processes such as nutrient release and utilization, mobilization and transport of metals, and carbon sequestration. We investigated the chemical properties of soils from the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) which is the site of a long-term paired-watershed experimental acidification study that includes both deciduous and coniferous stands. Multi-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of the spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography, were used to characterize the DOM extracted from soils sampled from BBWM at four soil depth increments in 2003. Principal component analysis of the base cation, metal, and total C content of the mineral horizons indicated a strong negative relationship between pH and soil Al, Fe, P, and C. The close clustering of Al, Fe, P, and C loadings for the mineral soils suggests that organic matter is important for Al and Fe mobilization and that P solubility is influenced by the metal mobilization process. PARAFAC modeled the fluorescence spectra with three fluorescing components that were in the landscape regions typical of humic substances: (339 nm excitation/470 nm emission), (324 nm/418 nm), and ( |
| 194. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 土壌関連 外来植物が好きな土、在来植物が好きな土, 圃場と土壌, 39, 5, 30-38,図裏表紙, 2007.05. |
| 195. | Makiko Watanabe, Hiroyuki Sato, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Takayuki Kobayashi, Nobuo Sakagami, Yuji Maejima, Hiroyuki Ohta, Nobuhide Fujitake, Syuntaro Hiradate, 14C ages and δ13C of sclerotium grains found in forest soils Original article, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00121.x, 53, 2, 125-131, 2007.04, [URL], 14C ages and δ13C were examined for sclerotium grains to elucidate the characteristics of these grains distributed in forest soils. The ages of the grains from surface A horizons and buried A horizons were ca 100-200 bp and ca 300-1,200 bp, respectively. In comparison with humic acid extracts, the 14C ages were in the increasing order: humic acid fraction 13C values for sclerotium grains in surface A horizons and buried A horizons were approximately -31‰ to -28‰, and these values were approximately 2-4‰ smaller than those of humic acids and soils. The C content of the grains had a tendency to decrease with increasing 14C ages, while the C content of humic acid was constant with age. The 14C ages of sclerotium grains indicate the individual age of grain formation, which are more likely to assign closer ages to the beginning of soil forming than the 14C ages of humic acid. The low δ13C values for sclerotium grains have presumably originated from characteristically biological organics, which may be protected from attack in soils because of their structure.. |
| 196. | Tadashi Takahashi, Masami Nanzyo, Syuntaro Hiradate, Aluminum status of synthetic Al-humic substance complexes and their influence on plant root growth Original article, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00114.x, 53, 2, 115-124, 2007.04, [URL], Aluminum (Al)-humus complexes are abundant in the A horizons of non-allophanic Andosols and contribute to the unique properties of volcanic ash soils, such as high reactivity with phosphate ions and a low bulk density. Natural non-allophanic Andosols commonly show Al toxicity to plant roots. There have been very few studies examining the contribution of Al-humus complexes to the Al toxicity of plant roots, although the complexes are the probable source of the toxic Al. We extracted humic substances from the A horizon of a non-allophanic Andosol using NaOH solution and reacted the humic substances and partially neutralized the AlCl3 solution at three pH conditions (pH 4.0, 4.5 and 5.5) to prepare pure Al-humic substance complexes. The Al solubility study (equilibrium study in 10-2 mol L-1 CaCl2) and the Al release study (a stirred-flow method using 10 -3 mol L-1 acetate buffer solution adjusted to pH 3.5) indicated that all the synthetic complexes easily and rapidly release monomeric Al into the liquid phase with slight changes in pH and ion strength, although the Al contents and their extent of polymerization are considerably different among the complexes. A plant growth test was conducted using a medium containing the Al-humic substance complexes and perlite mixture. Root growth in burdock (Arctium lappa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was reduced equally by all three complex media, and the roots showed the typical injury symptoms of Al toxicity. These results indicate that in soils dominated by Al-humus complexes the Al released from the Al-humus complexes, as well as the exchangeable Al adsorbed by soil minerals, is definitely toxic to plant roots.. |
| 197. | Kunihiko Fujii, Kazuhiro Takagi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Akio Iwasaki, Naoki Harada, Biodegradation of methylthio-s-triazines by Rhodococcus sp. strain FJ1117YT, and production of the corresponding methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl and hydroxy analogues, Pest Management Science, 10.1002/ps.1331, 63, 3, 254-260, 2007.03, [URL], A novel bacterial strain FJ1117YT was isolated from an enrichment culture with the herbicide simetryn. The isolate was capable of degrading the herbicide supplied as the sole sulfur source in an aquatic batch culture. The strain FJ1117YT was identified as that belonging to Rhodococcus sp. on the basis of comparative morphology, physiological characteristics and comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The biodegradation pathway of simetryn was established by isolating the methylsulfinyl analogue as the first metabolite and by identification of the methylsulfonyl intermediate and the hydroxy analogue by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and/or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The results indicate that the methylthio group was progressively oxidised and hydrolysed by the strain FJ1117YT. The same strain is also able to metabolise other methylthio-s-triazines such as ametryn, desmetryn, dimethametryn and prometryn through similar pathways.. |
| 198. | 駒井 史訓, 口石 なつき, 渡部 泰希, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, アスパラガスのアレロパシー活性の品種間差異, 園芸学研究. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表要旨, 6, 1, 401, 2007.03. |
| 199. | 大城 篤, 河野 伸二, 照屋 亮, 澤岻 哲也, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 夏目 雅裕, 安部 浩, アメリカフウロに含まれる抗菌物質の土壌中での青枯病菌抑制効果, 講演要旨集, 32, 116, 2007.03. |
| 200. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 土壌腐植物質の化学構造とその機能[含 質疑] (第48回土壌物理学会シンポジウム「土壌有機物の分解・集積と物理性」シンポジウム紹介), 土壌の物理性, 105, 23-30, 2007.03. |
| 201. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 古林章弘, Zahida Iqbal, Habib Nasir, コンフリーのアレロパシーと植物生育阻害物質の同定, 農業環境研究成果情報, 23, 12-13, 2007.03. |
| 202. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 古林章弘, Zahida Iqbal, Habib Nasir, Anna Golisz, ソバ粗抽出液に含まれる主要な植物生長阻害成分はルチン, 農業環境研究成果情報, 23, 28-29, 2007.03. |
| 203. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 清水善和, 小笠原父島に生育する樹木葉のアレロパシー活性の検定, 農業環境研究成果情報, 23, 14-15, 2007.03. |
| 204. | Akihiro Furubayashi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Role of catechol structure in the adsorption and transformation reactions of L-DOPA in soils, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 10.1007/s10886-006-9218-5, 33, 2, 239-250, 2007.02, [URL], 3-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-DOPA), which is synthesized in velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), inhibits plant growth. The concentration of L-DOPA in soil is reduced by adsorption and transformation reactions, which can result in the reduction of its plant-growth-inhibitory activity. To determine which part of the L-DOPA structure is involved in the adsorption and soil transformation reactions, we compared the kinetics of L-DOPA disappearance in a volcanic ash soil with that of L-phenylalanine (3-phenyl-L-alanine) and L-tyrosine (3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine), compounds that are similar in structure to L-DOPA but do not have a catechol (o-dihydroxybenzene) moiety. L-Phenylalanine and L-tyrosine were not adsorbed and transformed in the soil at equilibrium pH values between 4 and 7. These results suggest that the adsorption and transformation reactions of L-DOPA in the soil involve the catechol moiety and not the amino and carboxylic acid groups, which are common to all three compounds. Like L-DOPA, (+)-catechin, another allelochemical that contains a catechol moiety, underwent adsorption and soil transformation reactions. Thus, we concluded that the concentrations of allelochemicals bearing a catechol moiety in soils will decrease rapidly owing to adsorption and transformation reactions, and this decrease will be faster in soils with a high pH value or high adsorption ability. Owing to this decrease in concentration, allelopathic phenomena may not occur.. |
| 205. | 鈴木 正哉, Syuntaro Hiradate, P5.イモゴライトの合成過程におけるケイ素とアルミニウムの化学状態変化 液体および固体NMRスペクトルによる解析(ポスターセッション,第50回粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録), 粘土科学, 46, 1, 83, 2007.02. |
| 206. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 一般講演の概要と会議が伝えたメッセージ, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 78, 1, 114-115, 2007.02. |
| 207. | 山口 紀子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 土壌中における腐植物質の蓄積機構 (物質循環の基盤としての土壌--炭素循環における役割), 土・水研究会資料, 24, 39-46, 2007.02. |
| 208. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Akihiro Furubayashi, Natsuyo Uchida, Yoshiharu Fujii, Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by an andosol, Journal of Environmental Quality, 10.2134/jeq2005.0415, 36, 1, 101-109, 2007.01, [URL], To identify the important soil components involved in 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) adsorption on Andosols, 2,4-D adsorption on a surface horizon of an Andosol was compared with that on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated (soil organic matter [SOM] was removed), acid-oxalate (OX)-treated (active metal hydroxides and SOM were removed), and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB)-treated (free and active metal [hydr]oxides and SOM were removed) soil samples at equilibrium pHs ranging from 4 to 8. Although the untreated soil contained a large amount of organic C (71.9 g kg-1), removal of SOM had little effect on 2,4-D adsorption. Active surface hydroxyls, which were attached to the active and free metal (hydr)oxides and metal SOM complexes, were identified as the most important soil functional group for 2,4-D adsorption. The dominant mechanism of the 2,4-D adsorption was a ligand exchange reaction in which the carboxylic group of 2,4-D displaced the active surface hydroxyl associated with metals and formed a strong coordination bond between the 2,4-D molecule and soil solid phase. The ligand exchange reaction reasonably accounted for the selective adsorption of 2,4-D over Cl -, competitive adsorption of phosphate over 2,4-D, reduction in plant-growth-inhibitory activity of soil-adsorbed 2,4-D, and the high 2,4-D adsorption ability of Andosols. Although a humic acid purified from the soil did not adsorb 2,4-D, the presence of the humic acid increased 2,4-D adsorption on Al and Fe, probably by inhibiting the hydrolysis and polymerization of Al and Fe resulting in the preservation of available adsorption sites on these metals. The adsorption behavior of 2,4-D on soils could be a good index for predicting the adsorption behavior of other organic acids in soils.. |
| 209. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Hideaki Hirai, Hitoshi Hashimoto, Characterization of allophanic Andisols by solid-state 13C, 27Al, and 29Si NMR and by C stable isotopic ratio, δ13C, Geoderma, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.05.007, 136, 3-4, 696-707, 2006.12, [URL], Three representative allophanic Andisols in Japan were evaluated by solid-state 13C, 27Al, and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and stable isotopic ratio of carbon (δ13C). The solid-state cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR spectra were effective in characterizing crude soil C without any chemical treatment when soil C content was > 100 g C kg- 1. Aliphatic, O-alkyl, and carbonyl C were relatively abundant in the uppermost horizons, whereas aromatic C was concentrated in the subsurface horizons, showing its persistence and tolerance to degradation in subsurface horizons. Contribution ratios of C4-plant-derived C (mainly from Miscanthus sinensis) on the total CRC4 which were evaluated from δ13C value, were 35% to 42%, 59% to 62%, and 50% to 53% in subsurface horizons, and 12%, 23%, and 48% in uppermost horizons, for the three soils. The decline in CRC4 values in the uppermost horizons could be an effect of recent vegetation. Solid-state 27Al and 29Si NMR revealed that most part of the tetrahedral Al in volcanic glass had already weathered into octahedral Al and a large amount of allophanic constituents (allophane, imogolite, allophane-like constituents including protoimogolite) was formed in B horizon within the past 25,000 14C y. Allophanic constituents determined by 29Si NMR were compared with those dissolved by acid-oxalate, and differences between them were discussed.. |
| 210. | Zahida Iqbal, Habib Nasir, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Pant growth inhibitory activity of Lycoris radiata Herb. and the possible involvement of lycorine as an allelochemical, Weed Biology and Management, 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00217.x, 6, 4, 221-227, 2006.12, [URL]. |
| 211. | 元木 悟, 西原 英治, 北澤 裕明, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 篠原 温, アスパラガス連作障害におけるアレロパシー回避のための活性炭の利用(栽培管理・作型), 園芸学研究, 5, 4, 437-442, 2006.12, The growth-inhibitory activities of allelopathy in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) was studied using the 'Plant Box Method' of bioassay. By this methods we confirmed that asparagus produced allelochemical substances. Then we developed a modified plant box method to examine the relationship between the growth-inhibitory activity and the adsorption of materials to allelochemical substances from asparagus. As a result, a type of activated carbon has the ability to absorb the allelochemical substances and prevent the growth inhibition of lettuce, an assay plant. Furthermore, in a field replanted with asparagus, treatment with activated carbon increased the fresh weights of rhizomes and storage roots, as well as the number of storage roots, the growth amount, and the growth index (GI'), when compared to those of asparagus grown on non-treated plots.. |
| 212. | 元木 悟, 西原 英治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 篠原 温, 新規に開発した手法を利用したアスパラガス根圏土壌のアレロパシー活性測定法(栽培管理・作型), 園芸学研究, 5, 4, 443-446, 2006.12, We developed a new method of examining the effects of allelochemical substances exuded from the roots of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) to rhizosphere soil. This rhizosphere soil bioassay method provided results similar to those from the conventional bioassay method in which asparagus germinates in the soil. The new method was more effective than the conventional bioassay method because the soil samples could be tested using a smaller volume. This method could also evaluate flowable activated carbon as one of the materials to absorb allelochemical substances at a laboratory level. An appropriate orientation of cultivation is expected to become possible using the rhizosphere soil assay method developed in this study to examine obstructions to continuous cropping that may be related to allelopathy.. |
| 213. | 元木 悟, 西原 英治, 北澤 裕明, Syuntaro Hiradate, 篠原 温, 沖積土壌におけるアスパラガスの連作障害に対するアレロパシーの関与(栽培管理・作型), 園芸学研究, 5, 4, 431-436, 2006.12, Replanting of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) often results in lower yields and extensive damage of young plants. One of the causes is considered allelopathy. In this study, we examined the participation of allelopathy on injury by continuous cropping of asparagus in alluvial soil. The presence of strong allelochemical substances, which have the growth-inhibitory activity, was detected by bioassay of rhizosphere soil around asparagus. This growth-inhibitory activity was not attributed to salt accumulation, pH fluctuation, or inorganic nutrient imbalance in the rhizosphere soil. Asparagus foliage incorporated into the soil did not demonstrate a close relation to the growth inhibition or decreased yield of asparagus. However, strong growth-inhibitory activity was demonstrated in the storage roots of asparagus. It is assumed that an allelochemical is exuded from the storage roots and is one of the causes of unsuccessful continuous cropping of asparagus.. |
| 214. | Tsunashi Kamo, Masae Sato, Kenji Kato, Syuntaro Hiradate, Eri Nakajima, Yoshiharu Fujii, Mitsuru Hirota, Quantification of cyanamide contents in herbaceous plants, Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 10.1271/bbb.60171, 70, 9, 2310-2312, 2006.10, [URL], Cyanamide (NH2CN) is found in nature, although it has long been recognized as an industrial product. Distribution of cyanamide in the plant kingdom was investigated using a direct quantitative determination method to detect and measure cyanamide by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (the SID-GC-MS method). The SID-GC-MS method proved to be a robust way to quantify cyanamide contents in the extracts of 101 species of herbaceous plants. The average recovery of cyanamide from all plants tested was 55:6 ± 20:3%. Vicia villosa and V. cracca contained cyanamide at 369-498 μg/gFW and 3,460-3,579 μg/gFW respectively, while the other 99 species contained no detectable cyanamide ( |
| 215. | 佐藤 雅恵, 加茂 網嗣, 笠原 良平, 加藤 健司, 廣田 満, Syuntaro Hiradate, 山谷 紘子, 藤井 義晴, 平井 伸博, 高等植物におけるシアナミドの分布, 植物の生長調節 = Regulation of plant growth & development, 41, 64, 2006.10. |
| 216. | 山谷 紘子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 加茂 綱嗣, 中島 江理, 藤井 義晴, 10-1 野外で栽培した秋まきヘアリーベッチ中シアナミド含量の経時的変化(10. 植物の代謝, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 52, 84, 2006.09. |
| 217. | 齋藤 龍司, 森田 沙綾香, 古林 章弘, 塩原 孝, 吉田 清志, Syuntaro Hiradate, 17-2 長野県下伊那地方のリン酸蓄積圃場での土壌リン酸の形態比較(17. 園地・施設土壌肥よく度, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 52, 134, 2006.09. |
| 218. | 藤井 義晴, 古林 章弘, 堀元 栄枝, 荒木 肇, 嶺田 拓也, Syuntaro Hiradate, P10-3 ヘアリーベッチを利用した不耕起稲作法における雑草抑制効果(10. 植物の代謝, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 52, 88, 2006.09. |
| 219. | 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, 楠本 良延, 保谷 彰彦, 芝池 博幸, 山本 勝利, 藤井 義晴, P11-3 タンポポ属植物が生育する土壌の化学特性 シナノタンポポと雑種タンポポの分化(11. 植物の栄養生態, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 52, 97, 2006.09. |
| 220. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 楠本 良延, 森田 沙綾香, 藤井 義晴, P11-9 北関東における草地植生の植物群落タイプと土壌化学特性の関係(11. 植物の栄養生態, 2006年度秋田大会講演要旨), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 52, 99, 2006.09. |
| 221. | 鈴木 正哉, Syuntaro Hiradate, P5 イモゴライトの合成過程におけるケイ素とアルミニウムの化学状態変化 液体および固体NMRスペクトルによる解析, 粘土科学討論会講演要旨集, 50, 154-155, 2006.09. |
| 222. | 駒井 史訓, 口石 なつき, 中島 寿亀, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, アスパラガスの地下部におけるアレロパシー活性の雌雄間差異, 園芸学会雑誌. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表, 75, 2, 548, 2006.09. |
| 223. | 元木 悟, 西原 英治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 篠原 温, アスパラガスのアレロパシーに関する研究 : (第10報)アスパラガス連作障害における活性炭を利用したアレロパシー回避技術の確立, 園芸学会雑誌. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表, 75, 2, 259, 2006.09. |
| 224. | Tsunashi Kamo, Kenji Kato, Syuntaro Hiradate, Eri Nakajima, Yoshiharu Fujii, Mitsuru Hirota, Evidence of cyanamide production in hairy vetch Vicia villosa, Natural Product Research, 10.1080/14786410500143583, 20, 5, 429-433, 2006.05, [URL], Cyanamide (NH2CN) has recently been isolated as a plant growth inhibitor from Vicia villosa, which is the first discovery of cyanamide from natural sources. To reveal the presence of the biosynthesized cyanamide in plants, 3.4mM potassium (15N)nitrate was administered to 15- to 35-day-old plants of V. villosa, from which the cyanamide was purified and subjected to GC/MS analysis. The isotopic ratio 15N/(14 N+15N) of the cyanamide was calculated to be 0.143, while that of the cyanamide extracted from V. villosa grown in the presence of a natural N source was 0.0065. The 15N-enrichment proved de novo biosynthesis of cyanamide.. |
| 225. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Takuya Yonezawa, Hiroshi Takesako, Isolation and purification of hydrophilic fulvic acids by precipitation, Geoderma, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.05.007, 132, 1-2, 196-205, 2006.05, [URL], Fulvic acids play an important role in the behavior of metals and hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil and water environments. The isolation and purification of the fulvic acids have been difficult to achieve, however, because these compounds are soluble in both alkaline and acidic solution, resulting in difficulty of dehydration and demineralization. We propose here a new procedure for isolating fulvic acids as precipitates. Our procedure includes pH-adjustment of the fulvic acid solution to weakly acidic to neutral pH range (4 to 7). In an Andisol, recoveries of the fulvic acids we prepared by precipitation at equilibrium pH of 5.0 were 86% (dissolved total organic carbon basis) and 97% (absorbance basis, 400 nm), whereas recoveries of fulvic acids adsorbed on XAD-8 resin (hydrophobic fulvic acids) were 14% and 28%, respectively. Recoveries of the fulvic acids were further increased in our procedure by adding Al. The mechanism forming the precipitates includes a complexation reaction of carboxylic groups of the fulvic acids with Al (ligand exchange reaction); this mechanism is identical to that for the retention of fulvic acids in many soils. Therefore, it is likely that our preparation procedure is appropriate for separating the fulvic acids stabilized in soils. Solid-state cross polarization and magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the fulvic acids prepared by our precipitation procedure were relatively rich in O-alkyl carbons and poor in aromatic and alkyl carbons compared with those forms from the hydrophobic fulvic acids adsorbed on XAD-8 resin. A new scheme for preparing the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fulvic acids is also proposed here. The hydrophilic fulvic acids are likely to maintain high solubilities in water even after the formation of complexes with metals and may influence on their behavior.. |
| 226. | Shigenobu Yoshida, Linda L. Kinkel, Hirosuke Shinohara, Nobutaka Numajiri, Syuntaro Hiradate, Motoo Koitabashi, Kazuo Suyama, Hiromitsu Negishi, Seiya Tsushima, Production of quorum-sensing-related signal molecules by epiphytic bacteria inhabiting wheat heads, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 10.1139/W05-146, 52, 5, 411-418, 2006.05, [URL], The production of quorum-sensing-related signal molecules (QSRMs) among culturable bacteria comprising the community on wheat heads was investigated. The taxonomic position of 186 bacterial isolates obtained from ten heads was inferred based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and their QSRM production was determined using two bioreporter strains of N-acylhomoserine lactones. Approximately 33% of isolates produced QSRMs, though the proportion of QSRM-producing isolates on a wheat head was significantly negatively correlated with population size. Most of the producing isolates were Pantoea species, most commonly Pantoea ananatis. Furthermore, the proportion of Pantoea ananatis that produced QSRMs was significantly negatively correlated with the number of bacterial genera (community richness) on each head. Finally, community richness was positively correlated with population size. Qualitative analysis using thin-layer-chromatography revealed that the QSRMs of Pantoea isolates were composed of at least two compounds. This is the first report indicating that Pantoea ananatis isolates inhabiting wheat heads are capable of producing QSRMs. QSRM production by Pantoea spp. may contribute to the predominance of this genus on wheat heads, particularly at relatively low population densities and community diversity.. |
| 227. | Zahida Iqbal, Habib Nasir, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Potential Allelochemicals from comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.), Journal of Weed Science and Technology, 51, S, 18-19, 2006.04. |
| 228. | Anna Golisz, Stanislaw W. Gawronski, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Total activity of selected allelochemicals identified in buckwheat., Journal of Weed Science and Technology, 51, S, 188-189, 2006.04. |
| 229. | 古林章弘, 森田沙綾香, 平舘俊太郎, 原田二郎, 藤井義晴, cis-ケイヒ酸グルコシドおよびcis-ケイヒ酸による植物生育阻害活性, 雑草研究, 51, S, 194-195, 2006.04. |
| 230. | 森田沙綾香, 平舘俊太郎, 杉江 元, 原田二郎, 藤井義晴, ユキヤナギに含まれる植物生育阻害物質の単離および構造決定, 雑草研究, 51, S, 192-193, 2006.04. |
| 231. | 井手 任, 植竹 朋子, 芝池 博幸, 楠本 良延, Syuntaro Hiradate, 矢野 初美, 保谷 彰彦, 吉村 泰幸, 清水 矩宏, 畜産草地研究所(那須塩原市)におけるタンポポ属植物の生育地特性と遺伝的構造(平成18年度日本造園学会全国大会研究発表論文集(24)), ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌 : journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture, 10.5632/jila.69.545, 69, 5, 545-548, 2006.03, [URL], Most of the plants morphologically identified as the introduced dandelions are known to be the hybrids between the native diploid and the introduced triploid dandelions. From the viewpoint of environmental indicator species, we clarified the environmental characteristics of the habitats of native and hybrid dandelions ("tetraploid hybrids" and "triploid hybrids"), analyzing the relationships between the distribution pattern of these dandelions and the habitat factors such as vegetation types, soil pH (H_2O), soil hardness and illumination intensity in the campus of the National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science. It was found that the native dandelions mainly occurred at slightly disturbed habitats with weakly acidic soil covered by forest edge species. In contrast, the hybrid dandelions, typically tetraploid hybrids, tended to occur at intensively disturbed habitats with relatively hard soil of neutral pH (H_2O). We also performed clone analysis to reveal the genetic structures of dandelion populations, and analyzed the distribution patterns of each of the genetically identical clones. Based on the results obtained, we evaluated the validity of environmental indicator for ruderal and urban environments by the pair of native dandelions and tetraploid hybrids.. |
| 232. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 津田久美子, 高村典子, アオコの増殖抑制植物を検定する「リーフディスク法」の開発, 農業環境研究成果情報, 22, 30-31, 2006.03. |
| 233. | 平舘俊太郎, 藤井義晴, 荒谷博, 土壌中におけるL-DOPAの植物生育阻害活性の消長, 農業環境研究成果情報, 22, 22-23, 2006.03. |
| 234. | 平舘俊太郎, 藤井義晴, 加茂綱嗣, 荒谷博, 高感度・高精度・迅速なシアナミド定量法, 農業環境研究成果情報, 22, 28-29, 2006.03. |
| 235. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Isolation strategies for finding bioactive compounds Specific activity vs. total activity, Natural Products for Pest Management, 927, 113-126, 2006, There are two major strategies for isolation of bioactive natural products. One is to find compounds with high specific activity (biological activity per unit weight of the compound). This leads to the discovery of the most active compounds present in an organism with low EC50 (effective concentration of the compound to induce half-maximum action). In the other strategy, compounds with high total activity (biological activity per unit weight of the organism containing the bioactive compound), causing a particular phenomenon, are isolated. In this strategy, EC50 of the compound is not necessarily low. The total activity is determined by the specific activity and concentration (or content) of the compound in the organism, and this could explain the role and influence of the compound in the phenomenon. Differences between the two strategies and the importance of the choice for the right one to apply are emphasized, and applicatory examples complementary to each strategy are presented. The author proposes to use the terminology and concept of "total activity" and "specific activity" to avoid confusion in scientific discussions.. |
| 236. | 元木 悟, 西原 英治, 北澤 裕明, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 篠原 温, アスパラガス連作障害におけるアレロパシー回避のための活性炭の利用, 園芸学研究, 10.2503/hrj.5.437, 5, 4, 437-442, 2006, [URL], The growth-inhibitory activities of allelopathy in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) was studied using the 'Plant Box Method' of bioassay. By this methods we confirmed that asparagus produced allelochemical substances. Then we developed a modified plant box method to examine the relationship between the growth-inhibitory activity and the adsorption of materials to allelochemical substances from asparagus. As a result, a type of activated carbon has the ability to absorb the allelochemical substances and prevent the growth inhibition of lettuce, an assay plant. Furthermore, in a field replanted with asparagus, treatment with activated carbon increased the fresh weights of rhizomes and storage roots, as well as the number of storage roots, the growth amount, and the growth index (GI'), when compared to those of asparagus grown on non-treated plots.. |
| 237. | 元木 悟, 西原 英治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 篠原 温, 新規に開発した手法を利用したアスパラガス根圏土壌のアレロパシー活性測定法, 園芸学研究, 10.2503/hrj.5.443, 5, 4, 443-446, 2006, [URL], We developed a new method of examining the effects of allelochemical substances exuded from the roots of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) to rhizosphere soil. This rhizosphere soil bioassay method provided results similar to those from the conventional bioassay method in which asparagus germinates in the soil. The new method was more effective than the conventional bioassay method because the soil samples could be tested using a smaller volume. This method could also evaluate flowable activated carbon as one of the materials to absorb allelochemical substances at a laboratory level. An appropriate orientation of cultivation is expected to become possible using the rhizosphere soil assay method developed in this study to examine obstructions to continuous cropping that may be related to allelopathy.. |
| 238. | 元木 悟, 西原 英治, 北澤 裕明, Syuntaro Hiradate, 篠原 温, 沖積土壌におけるアスパラガスの連作障害に対するアレロパシーの関与, 園芸学研究, 10.2503/hrj.5.431, 5, 4, 431-436, 2006, [URL], Replanting of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) often results in lower yields and extensive damage of young plants. One of the causes is considered allelopathy. In this study, we examined the participation of allelopathy on injury by continuous cropping of asparagus in alluvial soil. The presence of strong allelochemical substances, which have the growth-inhibitory activity, was detected by bioassay of rhizosphere soil around asparagus. This growth-inhibitory activity was not attributed to salt accumulation, pH fluctuation, or inorganic nutrient imbalance in the rhizosphere soil. Asparagus foliage incorporated into the soil did not demonstrate a close relation to the growth inhibition or decreased yield of asparagus. However, strong growth-inhibitory activity was demonstrated in the storage roots of asparagus. It is assumed that an allelochemical is exuded from the storage roots and is one of the causes of unsuccessful continuous cropping of asparagus.. |
| 239. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Akihiro Furubayashi, Yoshiharu Fujii, Changes in chemical structure and biological activity of L-DOPA as influenced by an Andosol and its components, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2005.tb00055.x, 51, 4, 477-484, 2005.12, [URL], Velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) has been reported to release 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-DOPA) as an allelochemical that inhibits the growth of other plants, although the inhibitory activity depends on the soil type and it is extremely reduced in Andosols. To clarify the effects of Andosols and their components on the chemical structure and plant-growth-inhibitory activity of L-DOPA, an L-DOPA solution was reacted with an Andosol and its components (weathered pumice and purified allophane), and the resultant solution was subjected to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectral analyses, and plant-growth-inhibitory activity tests. When the L-DOPA solution was added to the soil components, the concentration of L-DOPA in the solution decreased by adsorption and transformation (polymerization) reactions. The adsorption mechanism included a ligand exchange reaction. The rate of L-DOPA transformation was faster at higher pH values. The soil components displayed a catalytic activity and accelerated the transformation of L-DOPA. Similar transformation occurred when light was irradiated. At pH values higher than 4.0, the transformed products from L-DOPA consisted of humic substances-like heterogeneous components, whereas specific components with low molecular weight were included when L-DOPA was transformed at a pH value of 9.7 or higher. The plant-growth-inhibitory activity of L-DOPA was extremely weakened when L-DOPA was adsorbed on or transformed (polymerized) by soil components. Therefore, in soils with high abilities of adsorption and transformation of L-DOPA such as in Andosols, it was likely that the L-DOPA concentration in the soil solution decreased quickly by adsorption and transformation reactions and the allelopathic activity of L-DOPA was lost.. |
| 240. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Tsunashi Kamo, Eri Nakajima, Kenji Kato, Yoshiharu Fujii, Direct quantitative determination of cyanamide by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A, 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.035, 1098, 1-2, 138-143, 2005.12, [URL], Cyanamide is a multifunctional agrochemical used, for example, as a pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer. Recent research has revealed that cyanamide is a natural product biosynthesized in a leguminous plant, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). In the present study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) equipped with a capillary column for amines was used for direct quantitative determination of cyanamide. Quantitative signals for ( 14N2)cyanamide, (15N2)cyanamide (internal standard for stable isotope dilution method), and m-(trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile (internal standard for correcting errors in GC-MS analysis) were recorded as peak areas on mass chromatograms at m/z 42 (A42), 44 (A44), and 171 (AIS), respectively. Total cyanamide content, (14N2)cyanamide plus (15N 2)cyanamide, was determined as a function of (A42 + A 44)/AIS. Contents of (14N2)cyanamide and (15N2)cyanamide were then calculated by multiplying the total cyanamide content by A42/(A42 + A44) and A44/(A42 + A44), respectively. The limit of detection for the total cyanamide content by the GC-MS analysis was around 1 ng. The molar ratio of (14N2)cyanamide to ( 15N2)cyanamide in the injected sample was equal to the observed A42/A44 value in the range from 0.1 to 5. It was, therefore, possible to use the stable isotope dilution method to quantify the natural cyanamide content in samples; i.e., the natural cyanamide content was derived by subtracting the A42/A44 ratio of the internal standard from the A42/A44 ratio of sample spiked with internal standard, and then multiplying the resulting difference by the amount of added (15N2)cyanamide (SID-GC-MS method). This method successfully gave a reasonable value for the natural cyanamide content in hairy vetch, concurring with the value obtained by a conventional method in which cyanamide was derivatized to a photometrically active compound 4-cyanimido-1,2-naphthoquinone and analyzed with reversed-phase HPLC (CNQ-HPLC method). The determination range of cyanamide in the SID-GC-MS method was almost the same as that in the CNQ-HPLC method; however, the SID-GC-MS method was much simpler than the CNQ-HPLC method.. |
| 241. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Structural changes of allophane during purification procedures as determined by solid-state 27A1 and 29Si NMR, Clays and Clay Minerals, 10.1346/CCMN.2005.0530611, 53, 6, 653-658, 2005.12, [URL], Allophanes are poorly crystalline and quasi-stable aluminosilicate minerals, the structures of which are sensitive to chemical treatment. In the present study, solid-state 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of allophane samples were monitored as they went through several purification procedures. It was confirmed that no significant structural changes were caused by boiling with 6% H2O2 to remove organic matter, by size fractionation (sonification), by sedimentation, by precipitation at pH 4.0, or by dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate treatment for the removal of Fe (hydr)oxides. Hot 5% Na2CO3 treatment for the removal of reactive silica-alumina gels and adsorbed citrate from allophane samples, however, decreased signal intensity corresponding to imogolite-like Si (Q33VIAl, -78 ppm in 29Si NMR) and increased signal intensities corresponding to IVAl (55 ppm in 27Al NMR) and possibly X-ray amorphous aluminosilicates (centered at -85 ppm in 29Si NMR). Cold (room temperature) 5% Na2CO3 treatment for 16 h proved to be effective in avoiding these structural changes. Copyright © 2005, The Clay Minerals Society.. |
| 242. | Akihiro Furubayashi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Adsorption and transformation reactions of L-DOPA in soils, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2005.tb00116.x, 51, 6, 819-825, 2005.10, [URL], 3-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-DOPA), which is a component of velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens), displays a high inhibitory activity to plant growth. The inhibitory activity is influenced by the presence of soils, because L-DOPA is eliminated in soils. In the present study, the effect of several soil types (volcanic ash, calcareous, and alluvial soils) on the L-DOPA disappearance was investigated at constant equilibrium pH values. In the presence of soils, L-DOPA disappeared with the reaction time, and the disappearance was associated with three reactions: adsorption reaction (characterized by fast and sudden disappearance of L-DOPA within the initial 8 h period), catalytic transformation reaction (constant L-DOPA disappearance throughout the reaction period), and biotransformation caused by microbial activity (accelerated L-DOPA disappearance observed after 72 h of reaction time). The adsorption and transformation reactions consisted of physicochemical reactions mediated by the presence of soils. The amount of L-DOPA adsorbed was largest in the presence of volcanic ash soil among the three soil types. It is likely that the mechanism of L-DOPA adsorption includes a ligand exchange reaction. In the presence of soils, L-DOPA transformation was observed at equilibrium pH values higher than 4 and it increased with increasing equilibrium pH values. In the absence of soil, however, L-DOPA transformation did not occur at an equilibrium pH value lower than 6.0, indicating that L-DOPA transformation was accelerated by the presence of soil. The rate of L-DOPA transformation mediated by soils at constant equilibrium pH value was in the following order: alluvial soil > calcareous soil > volcanic ash soil. The plant-growth-inhibitory activity of L-DOPA was also reduced by the presence of soils, and the reduction in the case of L-DOPA was more obvious than in the case of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Based on the reduction effect of soils on the plant-growth-inhibitory activity of L-DOPA (without pH-adjustment), calcareous soil ranked first, followed by volcanic ash soil, then alluvial soil. This was because the calcareous soil showed the highest soil pH value (7.8), and thereby the L-DOPA transformation reaction was accelerated. In soils with high pH values, the plant-growth-inhibitory activity of L-DOPA could therefore not be detected.. |
| 243. | 吉田 重信, Linda L. Kinkel, 篠原 弘亮, 沼尻 将宜, Syuntaro Hiradate, 小板橋 基夫, 田村 季実子, 陶山 一雄, 根岸 寛光, 對馬 誠也, PA-09 健全コムギ穂に生息する細菌の群集構造およびクオラムセンシング関連シグナル分子の生産性(農耕地生態系,ポスターセッションA,ポスター発表), 日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集, 21, 55, 2005.10. |
| 244. | Habib Nasir, Zahida Iqbal, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Allelopathic potential of Robinia pseudo-acacia L., Journal of Chemical Ecology, 10.1007/s10886-005-6084-5, 31, 9, 2179-2192, 2005.09, [URL], Robinia pseudo-acacia L. (black locust) is a nonindigenous species currently invading the central part of Japanese grasslands. Several allelochemicals were identified and characterized from the leaf tissue. The growth of both radicle and hypocotyl in the tested species (barnyard grass, white clover, lettuce, and Chinese cabbage) was reduced when grown in soil mixed with the leaves of R. pseudo-acacia at various concentrations. Aqueous leaf extracts, when bioassayed, exhibited a significant suppression of radicle growth. Chromatographic separation of an ethanolic extract of R. pseudo-acacia leaves resulted in isolation of three compounds, identified as robinetin (1), myricetin (2), and quercetin (3) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. All inhibited root and shoot growth of lettuce. Robinetin, found in a large amount, caused 50% suppression of the root and shoot growth of lettuce at 100 ppm. The presence of these bioactive substances in leaf tissue suggests a potential role for flavonoids in R. pseudo-acacia invasion in introduced habitats.. |
| 245. | 米澤 拓也, Syuntaro Hiradate, 竹迫 紘, 2-3 フルボ酸低分子画分の構造と機能に関する研究(2.土壌有機・無機化学,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 18, 2005.09. |
| 246. | 進藤 晴夫, 吉田 美穂, 山本 暁生, 本間 洋美, Syuntaro Hiradate, 2-5 火山灰土壌における有機構成物の炭素同位体比と腐植物質の可能な給源(2.土壌有機・無機化学,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 19, 2005.09. |
| 247. | 伊藤 豊彰, 三田村 綾子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 三枝 正彦, 4-6 アロフェン黒ぼく土茶園土壌の酸性状態とコロイド成分の変質(4.土壌物理化学・鉱物,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 31, 2005.09. |
| 248. | 柳沢 統, 小川 剛, Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 明雄, 9-11 ユーカリの有機酸代謝に及ぼすアルミニウムの影響とその蓄積形態(9.植物の無機栄養,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 61, 2005.09. |
| 249. | 山本 洋子, 力石 早苗, 野澤 彰, Devi S. Rama, Syuntaro Hiradate, 松本 英明, 9-12 アルミニウム応答反応におけるサリチル酸の関わり(9.植物の無機栄養,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 61, 2005.09. |
| 250. | 渡部 敏裕, 見澤 誠司, Syuntaro Hiradate, 大崎 満, 9-16 Melastoma malabathricumの根が分泌するムシラゲの特性(9.植物の無機栄養,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 63, 2005.09. |
| 251. | 古林 章弘, Syuntaro Hiradate, Habib Nasir, Zahida Iqbal, 藤井 義晴, P10-4 土壌環境中におけるカテキンの化学形態と植物生育阻害活性の変化(ポスター紹介,10.植物の代謝,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 91, 2005.09. |
| 252. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 森田 沙綾香, 原田 二郎, 藤井 義晴, P10-6 ユキヤナギに含まれる植物生育阻害物質シス-ケイ皮酸グルコシド(ポスター紹介,10.植物の代謝,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 91, 2005.09. |
| 253. | 藤井 義晴, 服部 眞幸, 中島 江理, 菅野 真実, 古林 章弘, 荒谷 博, Syuntaro Hiradate, P10-7 外来植物を含む1200種の植物の他感作用のサンドイッチ法による検索(ポスター紹介,10.植物の代謝,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 92, 2005.09. |
| 254. | 高橋 正, 南條 正巳, Syuntaro Hiradate, P2-2 非アロフェン質黒ボク土由来の人工Al-腐植複合体の性質と植物根生育への影響(ポスター紹介,2.土壌有機・無機化学,日本土壌肥料学会 2005年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 51, 25, 2005.09. |
| 255. | Yoshiharu Fujii, Syuntaro Hiradate, A critical survey of allelochemicals in action: the importance of total activity and the weed suppression equation,, Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Allelopathy, 4, 73-76, 2005.09. |
| 256. | Yoshiharu Fujii, Minoru Matsuyama, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hideki Shimozawa, Dish pack method: a new bioassay for volatile allelopathy., Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Allelopathy, 4, 493-497, 2005.09. |
| 257. | Yoshiharu Fujii, Akihiro Furubayashi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Rhizosphere soil method: a new bioassay to evaluate allelopathy in the field, Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Allelopathy, 4, 490-492, 2005.09. |
| 258. | Yoshiharu Fujii, Hiroshi Araya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Kaoru Ebana, Screening of allelopathic activity from rice cultivars by bioassay and field test., Proceedings of the World Rice Research Conference held in Tokyo and Tsukuba, 484-487, 2005.09. |
| 259. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Shin Ichiro Wada, Weathering process of volcanic glass to allophane determined by 27Al and 29Si solid-state NMR, Clays and Clay Minerals, 10.1346/CCMN.2005.0530408, 53, 4, 401-408, 2005.08, [URL], To clarify the weathering process of volcanic glass to allophane, solid-state 29Si and 27Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of four Japanese volcanic glasses and two (Al- and Si-rich) allophanes were assigned. The volcanic glasses showed a broad 29Si NMR signal between -80 and -120 ppm with the peak centered at ∼ -104 ppm, indicating that they were rich in Si-O-Si bridging structure (silica gel-like polymer Si). Aluminum was present in tetrahedral form in the four volcanic glass samples. In both Al- and Si-rich allophanes, octahedral Al (3 ppm by 27 Al NMR) and imogol ite-like Si (Q33VIAl, -78 ppm by 29Si NMR) were the major components. In a Si-rich allophane, NMR signals centered at around -85 ppm for 29 Si and 55 ppm for 27 Al were also observed, although it is possible that those signals were derived from impurities. Impurities could have originated from the soils and/or been unexpectedly synthesized during the purification procedures, e.g. during hot 2% Na2CO3 treatments. Based on the NMR spectra of size-fractionated soil samples, the weathering process of volcanic glass to allophane was proposed as follows: (1) dissolution of Al from volcanic glass accompanied by the transformation of IVAl to VIAl; (2) formation of a gibbsite-like sheet resulting from the hydrolysis of the dissolved A1; (3) dissolution of silica gel-like polymer Si in volcanic glass resulting in the formation of monosilicic acid; and (4) formation of Si(OH)(OVIAl)3 structure (Q33VIAl) as a result of the reaction between the gibbsite-like sheet and the monosilicic acid. These formation reactions of allophane could occur in solution as well as on the surface of volcanic glass.. |
| 260. | 村上 理都子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 白田 昭, クワ暗斑病菌Myrothecium verrucariaの産生する毒性成分のクワ病葉からの検出と病原性に果たす役割について(平成17年度日本植物病理学会大会), 日本植物病理學會報, 71, 3, 166-178, 2005.08, Myrothecium verrucaria infects various plants, but the mechanism of infection is unknown. We studied infection of using M. verrucaria strain MAFF840074, that causes Myrothecium leaf spot of mulberry, to mulberry leaves. Infection by conidia washed with water was low, and an extract of the fungal culture grown on potato sucrose agar caused necroses of the leaves. Infection by conidia was high and the diameter of the resulting lesions was larger if the extract was added to the conidia at the time of inoculation. Roridin A, verrucarins A and J, and an unidentified toxic substance (toxic substance A) were isolated from the extract based on induction of necroses on mulberry leaves using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Roridin A and verrucarin J were more toxic to mulberry leaves than verrucarin A and the toxic substance A. The toxicity of each substance tended to be higher on sensitive mulberry cultivars than on cultivars resistant to the disease. Toxic substances with the same Rf value as roridin A, verrucarin A and the toxic substance A using thin layer chromatography were detected from extracts of mulberry leaves after inoculation with the fungus. With HPLC, the substances in the extract and concentrations of them were determined to be highest (roridin A : 5×10^M, verrucarin A : 1.6×10^M and the toxic substance A : 21×10^M) at 12 days after the inoculation during the 14-d period. However, verrucarian J was not detected from the extract by the methods. Washed conidia of the fungus did not infect mulberry leaves (cv. Shin Ichinose) but infect the leaves when roridin A or verrucarin A at concentration that they caused necroces to the leaves or higher were added at the time of inoculation. Therefore, the results suggested that roridin A, verrucarin A and the toxic substance A might play some roles in the pathogenicity of the fungus.. |
| 261. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 荒谷博, 西原英治, ムクナの根から放出されるL-ドーパに対する植物の抵抗性機構, 農業環境研究成果情報, 21, 42-43, 2005.07. |
| 262. | 平舘俊太郎, 荒谷博, 藤井義晴, 杉江元, 森田沙綾香, 原田二郎, ユキヤナギに含まれる高活性植物生育阻害物質の発見, 農業環境研究成果情報, 21, 38-39, 2005.07. |
| 263. | 藤井義晴, Zahida Iqbal, Habib Nasir, 荒谷博, 平舘俊太郎, 外来植物ニセアカシアのアレロパシー活性と作用物質, 農業環境研究成果情報, 21, 44-45, 2005.07. |
| 264. | 藤井義晴, Zahida Iqbal, 古林章弘, 荒谷博, 平舘俊太郎, 日本在来の被覆植物リュウノヒゲの他感作用と他感物質としてのサリチル酸の発見, 農業環境研究成果情報, 21, 40-41, 2005.07. |
| 265. | Sayaka Morita, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Jiro Harada, cis-Cinnamoyl Glucoside as a major plant growth inhibitor contained in Spiraea prunifolia, Plant Growth Regulation, 10.1007/s10725-005-8086-2, 46, 2, 125-131, 2005.06, [URL], Crude extracts of the leaves of Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. showed high plant-growth-inhibiting activity comparable to that of S. thunbergii extracts. To isolate the causal compound in S. prunifolia, we performed bioassay-directed purification by monitoring the biological activity per unit weight of the organism containing the bioactive compound (total activity). We isolated 1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (cis-CG) and identified it as the most important growth-inhibiting constituent in the crude extracts. We did not detect 6-O-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methylenebutyroyl)-1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-β-D- glucopyranose (cis-BCG) in S. prunifolia, though it is a major plant growth inhibitor in S. thunbergii together with cis-CG. We estimated the cis-CG content in S. prunifolia to be 3.84 mmol kg-1 F.W. This amount is comparable to the cis-CG plus cis-BCG content in S. thunbergii (3.59 mmol kg-1 F.W.). This indicates that S. prunifolia and S. thunbergii have equally high potential to inhibit plant growth, and cis-CG acts as the most important plant-growth inhibitor in S. prunifolia extracts.. |
| 266. | Sadao Wakamura, Norio Arakaki, Masanobu Yamamoto, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hiroe Yasui, Kunio Kinjo, Tetsuya Yasuda, Hiroyuki Yamazawa, Tetsu Ando, Sex pheromone and related compounds in the Ishigaki and Okinawa strains of the tussock moth Orgyia postica (Walker) (Lepidoptera Lymantriidae), Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 10.1271/bbb.69.957, 69, 5, 957-965, 2005.05, [URL], Two distinct electroantennographycally active (EAG-active) components, A and B, and a weakly active component C were found in a solvent extract from virgin females of the Ishigaki strain of the tussock moth, Orgyia postica (Walker). Components A, B, and C were found in the extract of the females at 4.0, 0.5, and 4.0 ng/female respectively. Components A, B, and C were identified as (6Z,9Z,11S,12S)-11,12-epoxyhenicosa-6,9-diene [(11S,12S)-1: posticlure], (6Z)-henicos-6-en-11-one (2), and (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-diene (3), respectively. Component B was absent in the extract from the Okinawa strain, in which components A and C were present at 2.0 and 1.5 ng/female respectively. (11S,12S)-1 and the racemic mixture showed attractiveness for both the Okinawa and Ishigaki strains, whereas (11R,12R)-1 did not. The addition of 2 significantly reduced the trap catches with (11S,12S)-1 on the Okinawa strain which lacked 2, while there was no significant inhibitory effect on the Ishigaki strain. The addition of 3 to (11S,12S)-1 did not significantly affect trap catches at Ishigaki or Okinawa. This confirmed that the attractant pheromone of O. postica of the Ishigaki strain is also (11S,12S)-1.. |
| 267. | 加藤 健司, 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 廣田 満, ヘアリーベッチにおけるラベル体硝酸イオンのシアナミドへの取り込み, 植物の生長調節 = Regulation of plant growth & development, 39, 82, 2005.05, Cyanamide (NH_2CN) has been industrially produced in large quantities for a long time. We have isolated cyanamide as a plant growth inhibitor from hairy vetch Vicia villosa. Although we excluded the possibility that the cyanamide isolated was an unexpectedly contaminating agrochemical, the details of its biosynthesis remain unknown because this compound has never been considered as a natural product. In this report we demonstrate the de novo production of cyanamide in this legume using a ^N-labeled nitrogen source. The extracts of the seedlings of V. villosa grown with and without (^N)nitrate were purified chromatographically to give cyanamide, respectively. On the basis of the GC/MS analyses, the isotopic ratio ^N/(^N+^N) of the ^N-enriched cyanamide was calculated to be 0.143, while that of the non-enriched cyanamide was 0.0065. We also measured the mass spectrum of dicyandiamide [NH_2C(=NH)NHCN], a dimmer of cyanamide, prepared from the purified cyanamide. The isotopic ratio was 0.138, corresponding well to the result of the GC/MS analysis of cyanamide. From these observations, the incorporation of the nitrogen atom of nitrate into cyanamide has been established. We conclude that cyanamide is de novo biosynthesized in V. villosa.. |
| 268. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Sayaka Morita, Akihiro Furubayashi, Yoshiharu Fujii, Jiro Harada, Plant growth inhibition by cis-cinnamoyl glucosides and cis-cinnamic acid, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 10.1007/s10886-005-2047-0, 31, 3, 591-601, 2005.03, [URL], Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. contains 1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (CG) and 6-O-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methylene-butyroyl)-1-O-cis-cinnamoyl- β-D-glucopyranose (BCG) as major plant growth inhibiting constituents. In the present study, we determined the inhibitory activity of CG and BCG on root elongation of germinated seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), red clover (Trifolium pratense), timothy (Phleum pratense), and bok choy (Brassica rapa var chinensis) in comparison with that of two well-known growth inhibitors, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and (+)-2-cis-4-trans-abscisic acid (cis-ABA), as well as two related chemicals of CG and BCG, cis-cinnamic acid (cis-CA) and trans-cinnamic acid (trans-CA). The EC50 values for CG and BCG on lettuce were roughly one-half to one-quarter of the value for cis-ABA. cis-Cinnamic acid, which is a component of CG and BCG, possessed almost the same inhibitory activity of CG and BCG, suggesting that the essential chemical structure responsible for the inhibitory activity of CG and BCG is cis-CA. The cis-stereochemistry of the methylene moiety is apparently needed for high inhibitory activity, as trans-CA had an EC50 value roughly 100 times that of CG, BCG, and cis-CA. Growth inhibition by CG, BCG, and cis-CA was influenced by the nature of the soil in the growing medium: alluvial soil preserved the bioactivity, whereas volcanic ash and calcareous soils inhibited bioactivity. These findings indicate a potential role of cis-CA and its glucosides as allelochemicals for use as plant growth regulators in agricultural fields.. |
| 269. | Haruo Shindo, Miho Yoshida, Akio Yamamoto, Hiromi Honma, Syuntaro Hiradate, δ13C values of organic constituents and possible source of humic substances in Japanese volcanic ash soils, Soil Science, 10.1097/01.ss.0000160033.45802.2c, 170, 3, 175-182, 2005.03, [URL], To gain a better understanding about the δ13C values of organic constituents and possible source of humic substances in Japanese volcanic ash soils, we determined the δ13C values of charred plant fragments, humic and fulvic acids, and whole soils, using 10 volcanic ash soil samples. Furthermore, the characteristics of the humic acid obtained from the dil. H2O2-treated residues of charred plant materials, which were produced during the burning of a grassland, were compared with those of black (type A) humic acids in volcanic ash soils. The δ13C values of the charred plant fragments, humic and fulvic acids, and whole soils studied ranged from -25 to -17‰, -25 to -17‰, -23 to -15‰, and -24 to -17‰, respectively. The δ13C values of the whole soils were highly correlated with those of the charred plant fragments (r = 0.968, significant at 0.1% level), humic acids (r = 0.947, significant at 0.1% level) or fulvic acids (r = 0.900, significant at 0.1% level), suggesting that in Japanese volcanic ash soils, the δ13C data of whole soils are valuable for discussing and estimating the origin of carbon of charred plant fragments as well as humic and fulvic acids. The δ13C values of the charred plant fragments were highly correlated with those of the fulvic acids (r = 0.792, significant at 1% level) and especially humic acids (r = 0.951, significant at 0.1% level). The contribution ratios of C4-plant-derived carbon on the carbon in the charred plant fragments, humic and fulvic acids, and whole soils ranged from 15 to 69%, 16 to 65%, 29 to 86%, and 24 to 66%, respectively. The 13C-NMR spectrum and X-ray diffraction pattern of the humic acid obtained from the oxidative degradation products of the charred plant materials were similar to those of type A humic acids reported previously. Based on these findings, it was assumed that both charred C3- and C4-plant materials merit close attention as an important source of humic substances in Japanese volcanic ash soils.. |
| 270. | 滝田 雅美, 杉江 元, 田端 純, Syuntaro Hiradate, C219 オオトゲシラホシカメムシ雄成虫に起因する誘引物質の精製と化合物の推定(一般講演), 日本応用動物昆虫学会大会講演要旨, 49, 94-94, 2005.03. |
| 271. | 藤井義晴, 中島江理, Zahida Iqbal, Habib Nasir, 平舘俊太郎, 荒谷博, 濱野満子, 間伐材から抽出された植物生育促進物質1,2-プロパンジオール, 農業環境研究成果情報, 21, 46-47, 2005.03. |
| 272. | Eri Nakajima, Zahida Iqbal, Hiroshi Araya, Syuntaro Hiradate, Michiko Hamano, Yoshiharu Fujii, Isolation and identification of a plant growth promotive substance from mixture of essential plant oils, Plant Growth Regulation, 10.1007/s10725-004-7087-x, 45, 1, 47-51, 2005.01, [URL], The PCS (commercial products by Field Science Co, Japan, used for air fresheners) was analyzed for the presence of bioactive constituents and their role as root growth promoters. Chromatographic separation of the methanolic solution of PCS resulted in the isolation of an promoting active substance, which was identified using GC-mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as 1,2-propanediol (CH3CH(OH)CH2OH). Lettuce seedling growth bioassay as test plant revealed that 1,2-propanediol can act as potent root growth promoter; enhancing the growth of lettuce seedling radicle at a concentration 0.01 ppm. The concentration of 1,2-propanediol in PCS mixture was estimated as 4 g/l. These studies suggest that 1,2-propanediol might play an important role in the plant growth promoting activity of PCS.. |
| 273. | 村上 理都子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 白田 昭, クワ暗斑病菌Ｍｙｒｏｔｈｅｃｉｕｍ ｖｅｒｒｕｃａｒｉａの産生する毒性成分のクワ病葉からの検出と病原性に果たす役割について, 日本植物病理學會報, 10.3186/jjphytopath.71.166, 71, 3, 166-178, 2005, [URL], Myrothecium verrucaria infects various plants, but the mechanism of infection is unknown. We studied infection of using M. verrucaria strain MAFF840074, that causes Myrothecium leaf spot of mulberry, to mulberry leaves. Infection by conidia washed with water was low, and an extract of the fungal culture grown on potato sucrose agar caused necroses of the leaves. Infection by conidia was high and the diameter of the resulting lesions was larger if the extract was added to the conidia at the time of inoculation. Roridin A, verrucarins A and J, and an unidentified toxic substance (toxic substance A) were isolated from the extract based on induction of necroses on mulberry leaves using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Roridin A and verrucarin J were more toxic to mulberry leaves than verrucarin A and the toxic substance A. The toxicity of each substance tended to be higher on sensitive mulberry cultivars than on cultivars resistant to the disease. Toxic substances with the same Rf value as roridin A, verrucarin A and the toxic substance A using thin layer chromatography were detected from extracts of mulberry leaves after inoculation with the fungus. With HPLC, the substances in the extract and concentrations of them were determined to be highest (roridin A: 5×10-7M, verrucarin A: 1.6×10-7M and the toxic substance A: 21×10-7M) at 12 days after the inoculation during the 14-d period. However, verrucarian J was not detected from the extract by the methods. Washed conidia of the fungus did not infect mulberry leaves (cv. Shin Ichinose) but infect the leaves when roridin A or verrucarin A at concentration that they caused necroces to the leaves or higher were added at the time of inoculation. Therefore, the results suggested that roridin A, verrucarin A and the toxic substance A might play some roles in the pathogenicity of the fungus.. |
| 274. | 藤井 義晴, 荒谷 博, 平舘 俊太郎, 吉川 省子, ヘアリーベッチを用いたトウモロコシ・バレイショ栽培法の試作:雑草発生に及ぼす影響, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.50.Supplement_90, 50, 0, 90-91, 2005, [URL]. |
| 275. | 中島 江理, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, ヘアリーベッチに含まれるシアナミドの定量, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.50.Supplement_148, 50, 0, 148-149, 2005, [URL]. |
| 276. | 小原 直美, 田端 純, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, ユキヤナギから放散される揮発性の植物成育阻害物質, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.50.Supplement_144, 50, 0, 144-145, 2005, [URL]. |
| 277. | 藤井 義晴, 古林 章弘, 荒谷 博, 平舘 俊太郎, 川東 広幸, 廣瀬 咲子, 大川 安信, Mohammad M. Parvez, 根圏土壌法による遺伝子組換えイネのアレロパシー活性の検定, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.50.Supplement_92, 50, 0, 92-93, 2005, [URL]. |
| 278. | 荒谷 博, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, 石崎 孝之, 高等菌類子実体の植物成長阻害活性, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.50.Supplement_154, 50, 0, 154-155, 2005, [URL]. |
| 279. | Zahida Iqbal, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hiroshi Araya, Yoshiharu Fujii, Plant growth inhibitory activity of Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawler and role of phenolic acids and their analogues A comparative study, Plant Growth Regulation, 10.1023/B:GROW.0000045998.68084.4b, 43, 3, 245-250, 2004.12, [URL], Allelopathic potential of Ophiopogon japonicus was investigated. The methanolic extract of O. japonicus roots strongly inhibited root and hypocotyls growth of lettuce. Sequential partitioning of the methanol extract with organic solvents showed that the diethyl ether and n-butanol extract possess strong plant growth inhibitory activities. The allelopathic constituents of the diethyl ether extract were isolated and identified as salicylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid by NMR spectroscopy. Both of these phenolic acids were found in the aqueous extracts of leaves as well. The concentration of salicylic acid in roots and leaves were estimated as 0.011 and 0.02%, respectively, and it inhibited the root and shoot of tested plants by 50% even at less than 3 ppm. The p-hydroxybenzoic acid on the other hand was in less abundance (0.005%) and inhibited the plant growth to a lesser extent. The biological activity of commercially available O-methyl derivatives of these phenolic acids was also determined to establish structure-activity relationship. Among these, salicylic acid was found to be the most active one. These results suggest that Ophiopogon japonicus produces plant growth inhibitors, which are responsible for its potential allelopathic activity.. |
| 280. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 荒谷博, 根圏土壌を用いた他感作用検定手法の開発, 農業環境技術研究所年報（平成15年度）, 21, 32-34, 2004.12. |
| 281. | Noriko Yamaguchi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Masaru Mizoguchi, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki, Disappearance of aluminum tridecamer from hydroxyaluminum solution in the presence of humic acid, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 6, 1838-1843, 2004.11, We investigated the influences of humic acid on the removal of Al tridecamer (Al13) from a hydroxyaluminum (HyA) solution at various humic acid/Al ratios. The Al species contained in the solution were analyzed by using a liquid-state 27Al-NMR and an atomic absorption spectrometer and fractionated into three Al species: (i) Al13, (ii) Al monomer and dimer (AlSYM), and (iii) other undefined species including aggregated/precipitated Al (AlNON). By the addition of humic acid to the HyA solution, the concentration of Al13 was rapidly decreased within 0.007 d (10 min). The decrease in Al13 and the increase in AlNON were more pronounced at a higher humic acid/Al ratio. When the molar ratio of humic acid carboxylic groups to Al exceeded 0.8, Al13 was undetected from solution within 0.007 d. The formation of Al 13-humic acid complexes and the aggregation/precipitation of those complexes were a predominant mechanism in removing aqueous Al13 at the early stage of the reaction. Approximately 10 mol of carboxylic groups in humic acid were required to remove 1 mol of Al13 from the HyA solution. Aqueous Al13 had greater preference in precipitating with humic acid than AlSYM. After 5 to 570 d of aging, the concentration of Al13 and AlNON also decreased and increased, respectively, both in the presence and absence of humic acid. In conclusion, aqueous Al13 would not exist in soil solution under a high humic acid condition.. |
| 282. | 藤井 義晴, 中島 江理, 加茂 綱嗣, 古林 章弘, 荒谷 博, Syuntaro Hiradate, ヘアリーベッチに含まれるシアナミドが各種植物の成長に及ぼす影響(19. 肥料および施肥法, 2004年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 50, 142, 2004.09. |
| 283. | 服部 眞幸, Syuntaro Hiradate, 荒谷 博, 西原 英治, 藤井 義晴, 主要な在来・帰化およびブラジル産雑草のアレロパシー活性のプラントボックス法による検定, 雑草研究, 49, 3, 169-183, 2004.09, Allelopathic activity of 4 different types of weeds-Japanese native weeds (38 species of 18 families) , naturalized or established weeds in Japan (30 species of 12 families), newly imported weeds (18 species of 8 families, originating as feed-mix in imported feeds), and Brazilian weeds (55 species of 17 families, considered potentially invasive) , and total 129 species of 25 families were evaluated by "Plant-Box" method using lettuce as a test plant. Results showed that the imported weeds had not always lower allelopathic activity than that of naturalized or established ones. However, several Brazilian weeds showed high allelopathic activities in comparison to native, naturalized or established weeds. The velvetleaf (either the imported or endemic type) showed strong phytotoxic effect against lettuce radicle growth. In case of common lambsquarters, strong allelopathic activities were observed on the imported type and that with Brazilian origin, but allelopathic activity of those phenotypes that already established in Japan was not prominent. These results suggest that allelopathic activity might depend on their origin of each phenotype. This study suggests that some potentially invasive weeds, as well as some imported weeds, were highly allelopathic, and could possibly become a threat to Japanese vegetation, if they invade, and establish in Japan.. |
| 284. | 高橋 正, 南條 正巳, Syuntaro Hiradate, 人工アルミニウム-腐植複合体の植物根伸長への影響(2. 土壌有機・無機化学, 2004年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 50, 23, 2004.09. |
| 285. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 平井 英明, 橋本 均, 固体NMRスペクトルおよび炭素同位体比による土壌特性解析 栃木県のアロフェン黒ぼく土を例に(3. 土壌分析法, 2004年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 50, 29, 2004.09. |
| 286. | 古林 章弘, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 土壌中におけるL-DOPAの動態に及ぼすカテコール構造の役割(2. 土壌有機・無機化学, 2004年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 50, 19, 2004.09. |
| 287. | 福井 彩子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 竹迫 紘, 山岳ポトゾル土壌における低分子有機酸とフルボ酸様物質について(2. 土壌有機・無機化学, 2004年度大会講演要旨集), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 50, 20, 2004.09. |
| 288. | Yoshiharu Fujii, Tomoko Shibuya, Keiko Nakatani, Tomio Itani, Syuntaro Hiradate, Mohammad M. Parvez, Assessment method for allelopathic effect from leaf litter leachates, Weed Biology and Management, 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2003.00113.x, 4, 1, 19-23, 2004.04, [URL], In order to elucidate the allelopathic effect of leaf litter leachates under laboratory conditions, a modified 'sandwich method', which places leaves between two layers of agar, was used. Fifty mg of leaves was used per 10 cm 2 cell. Agar concentrations at 0.5-1.0% were the best for gel support in determining radicle and hypocotyl elongation of lettuce. The optimum incubation time for bioassay was three days after imbibition onset. Among 20 typical tree species in Asia, Cymbopogon citratus and Derris scandens showed the strongest inhibitory activity determined by the sandwich method, followed by Piper betle, Tamarindus indica, and Gliricidia sepium. This bioassay seems to be a reliable method for screening allelopathic activity from leaf litter leachates.. |
| 289. | 荒谷 博, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, P24 赤米等のアレロパシー活性とアレロケミカルの探索, 雑草研究, 43, 174-175, 2004.04, 近年、低農薬による雑草管理が求められており、直播など大規模省労働力化の実用の際イネ発育初期の雑草発生が問題となる。このような問題を解決もしくは軽減化する手段の一つとして、イネの機能性の一つであるアレロパシーの利用が考えられる。我々はプラントボックス(PB)法により、アレロパシー活性の強いイネとして阿波赤米を見いだしている。そこで、(1)圃場試験:阿波赤米を含むイネ5品種を精密試験水田で移植栽培し、無除草で栽培したときの雑草発生の調査、(2)物質同定:阿波赤米等の根表面および全体からの抽出物からの、他感物質の分離分析、に関する調査を行った。. |
| 290. | 荒谷 博, 関谷 敦, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, P25 高等菌類子実体のアレロパシー, 雑草研究, 43, 176-177, 2004.04, トリュフ(Tuber melanosporum)は子実体が発生する条件が整うとその地上部には"ブリュレ(焼け跡地)"と呼ばれる草の生えないパッチが観察されるようになる。同様の抑草現象は野生種のハナホウキタケ、ニンギョウタケなどにも観察され、化学物質を放出することにより現象を発現していることが考えられる。しかし、キノコのアレロパシーを利用した雑草抑制の試みはほとんどなされておらず、作用成分もほとんど明らかにされていない。そこで、キノコ子実体のアレロパシー活性を昨年に引き続きサンドイッチ法を用いて検定した。また、サンドイッチ法により、活性が強かったブナシメジ(Hipsizigus marmoreus)については、菌体が多く含まれる廃菌床についても成長阻害活性を調査した。. |
| 291. | 中島 江理, Syuntaro Hiradate, 加茂 綱嗣, 藤井 義晴, P26 ヘアリーベッチに含まれるシアナミドの植物成長抑制作用, 雑草研究, 43, 178-179, 2004.04, マメ科牧草であるヘアリーベッチ(Vicia villosa Roth)は、強いアレロパシー作用をもつことが知られており、また、窒素固定による緑肥効果があることから、耕作放棄地や果樹園などの雑草防除に利用されている.このヘアリーベッチに含まれる植物成長阻害物質として、加茂らによりシアナミド(Fig.l)が単離・同定された.シアナミドは窒素肥料である石灰窒素の主成分であり、一方で果樹の休眠打破剤として古くから利用され、また、殺菌、防虫、除草効果を持つことが報告されている.これまでシアナミドは化学的に合成されており、自然界には存在しないと考えられていたが、ヘアリーベッチの体内成分として天然に存在していることが明らかとなり、加えてヘアリーベッチの他感物質として重要な役割を果たしている可能性が示唆された.そこで本研究では、植物界におけるシアナミドの役割について解明することを目的とし、まず、シアナミドの各種植物に対する生育阻害活性について調べた.また、これまでの研究により、ヘアリーベッチ各品種の葉においてそのシアナミド含量には違いが見られたことから、ヘアリーベッチ各品種のシアナミドに対する感受性について検討した.. |
| 292. | Zahida Iqbal, Habib Nasir, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Role of allelopathy in invasion of an exotic plant Robinia pseudo-acacia L., Journal of Weed Science and Technology, 49, S, 98-99, 2004.04. |
| 293. | Hiroshi Nakano, Eri Nakajima, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Kosumi Yamada, Hideyuki Shigemori, Koji Hasegawa, Growth inhibitory alkaloids from mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.) leaves, Phytochemistry, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.01.006, 65, 5, 587-591, 2004.03, [URL], Plant growth inhibitory alkaloids were isolated from the extract of mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.] leaves. Their chemical structures were established by ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra analysis. The I50 value (concentration required for 50% inhibition of control) for root growth of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seedlings was 400 μM for 3″″-oxo-juliprosopine, 500 μM for secojuliprosopinal, and 100 μM for a (1:1) mixture of 3-oxo-juliprosine and 3′-oxo-juliprosine, respectively. On the other hand, the minimum concentration exhibiting inhibitory effect on shoot growth of cress seedlings was 10 μM for 3″″-oxo-juliprosopine, 100 μM for secojuliprosopinal, and 1 μM for a (1:1) mixture of 3-oxo-juliprosine and 3′-oxo-juliprosine, respectively. Among these compounds, a (1:1) mixture of 3-oxo-juliprosine and 3′-oxo-juliprosine exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of cress seedlings.. |
| 294. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Sayaka Morita, Hajime Sugie, Yoshiharu Fujii, Jiro Harada, Phytotoxic cis-cinnamoyl glucosides from Spiraea thunbergii, Phytochemistry, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.01.010, 65, 6, 731-739, 2004.03, [URL], Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. was found to contain 1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-β-D- glucopyranose and 6-O-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methylene-butyroyl)-1-O-cis- cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose as major plant growth inhibitory constituents along with related compounds of lower phytotoxicity including 6-O-(trans-cinnamoyl)-1-O-(4″-hydroxy-3″-methyl-furan-2″-one) -β-D-glucopyranose, 6-O-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methylene-butyroyl)-1-O- trans-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranose, and 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-D- glucopyranose. The former three compounds were cinnamoyl glucosides.. |
| 295. | 藤井義晴, 荒谷博, 平館俊太郎, ソバ属植物のアレロパシーとソバを利用した植生管理, 農業環境研究成果情報, 20, 38-39, 2004.03. |
| 296. | 藤井義晴, 平館俊太郎, 荒谷博, 土壌を用いた他感作用の検定手法の開発, 農業環境研究成果情報, 20, 36-37, 2004.03. |
| 297. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Natsuyo Uchida, Effects of soil organic matter on ph-dependent phosphate sorption by soils, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.2004.10408523, 50, 5, 665-675, 2004.02, [URL], Effects of soil organic matter (80M) on P sorption of soils still remain to be clarified because contradictory results have been reported in the literature. In the present study, pH-dependent P sorption on an allophanic Andisol and an alluvial soil was compared with that on hydrogen peroxide (H202)-treated, acid-oxalate (OX)-treated, and dithionite-citrate- bicarbonate (DCB)-treated soils. Removal of 80M increased or decreased P sorption depending on the equilibrium pH values and soil types. In the H2O2 OX-, and DCB-treated soils, P sorption was pH-dependent, but this trend was not conspicuous in the untreated soils. It is likely that 80M affects P sorption of soils through three factors, competitive sorption, inhibition of polymerization and crystallization of metals such as AI and Fe, and flexible structure of metal-80M complexes. As a result, the number of available sites for P sorption would remain relatively constant in the wide range of equilibrium pH values in the presence of 80M. The P sorption characteristics were analyzed at constant equilibrium pH values (4.0 to 7.0) using the Langmuir equation as a local isotherm. The maximum number of available sites for P sorption (Qmax) was pH-dependent in the H202-, OX-, and DCBtreated soils, while this trend was not conspicuous in the untreated soils. Affinity constants related to binding strength (K) were less affected by the equilibrium pH values, soil types, and soil treatments, and were almost constant (log K ≈ 4.5). These findings support the hypothesis that 80M plays a role in keeping the number of available sites for P sorption relatively constant but does not affect the P sorption affinity. By estimating the Qmax and K values as a function of equilibrium pH values, pH-dependent P sorption was well simulated with four or two adjustable parameters. This empirical model could be useful and convenient for a rough estimation of the pH-dependent P sorption of soils.. |
| 298. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Speciation of aluminum in soil environments Application of NMR technique, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.2004.10408483, 50, 3, 303-314, 2004.02, [URL], Although aluminum (Al) is abundant in soil environments, it is not an essential element and it is toxic to most organisms. Since the toxicity of Al depends on their chemical forms, the importance of Al speciation has been recognized worldwide. Difficulties in Al speciation are caused by the complex coordination chemistry of Al for the hydrolysis and formation of polynuclear species with a variable degree of solubility in aqueous solution. Nondestructive analyses, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, could supply primarily im-portant information on the chemical forms of Al and may enable to evaluate the results ob-tained by other methodologies. In the present report, NMR spectral characteristics of environmentally important Al-containing components, such as hydoxyaluminum ions, Alinorganic complexes, Al-organic complexes, and primary and secondary minerals, are summarized for the nuclei of 27Al and 29Si determined by solution NMR and solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR. Applications of NMR techniques to soil science, including speciation of phytotoxic Al in soil environments and whole soil NMR studies, are described.. |
| 299. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Toshie Nakadai, Haruo Shindo, Tadakatsu Yoneyama, Carbon source of humic substances in some Japanese volcanic ash soils determined by carbon stable isotopic ratio, δ13C, Geoderma, 10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00257-X, 119, 1-2, 133-141, 2004.01, [URL], Volcanic ash soils (including Andisols) have been known to accumulate extremely large amounts of humic acids in their thick surface horizons, and their accumulation mechanism is of interest. Two mechanisms have been proposed: (1) active metals like Al and Fe, supplied from weathered volcanic materials, stabilize humic acids through complexation reactions; (2) cultivated Japanese pampas grasses (Miscanthus sinensis A.) and its charred materials are the major carbon source of humic acids. In the present study, contribution ratio of the pampas grass (C4-plant) on the carbons of the humic acids was determined by measuring their stable isotopic ratio of carbon (δ13C). In Japanese volcanic ash soils, humic acids were originated from both C3- and C4-plants, and the contribution ratio of C4-plants (mostly pampas grass) ranged from 18% to 52%. Highly humified (dark-colored) humic acids tended to show higher contribution ratio of C4-plants among volcanic ash soils, although the major part of the carbon had originated from C3-plants. It was also clarified that the δ13C values of crude soil samples correlated well with those of humic and fulvic acids. Therefore, reported δ13C values of crude soil samples in the literature would be useful for estimating the carbon source of soil humic substances. Literature survey of the δ13C values of crude soil samples also indicated that a large part of the carbon in humic substances has originated from C3-plants rather than C4-plants, implying the importance of the active metals (such as Al and Fe) on the formation and accumulation of the humic acids in volcanic ash soils.. |
| 300. | 中島 江理, 平舘 俊太郎, 加茂 綱嗣, 藤井 義晴, ヘアリーベッチに含まれるシアナミドの植物成長抑制作用, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.49.Supplement_178, 49, 0, 178-179, 2004, [URL]. |
| 301. | 服部 眞幸, 平舘 俊太郎, 荒谷 博, 西原 英治, 藤井 義晴, 主要な在来・帰化およびブラジル産雑草のアレロパシー活性のプラントボックス法による検定, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.49.169, 49, 3, 169-183, 2004, [URL], Allelopathic activity of 4 different types of weeds-Japanese native weeds (38 species of 18 families), naturalized or established weeds in Japan (30 species of 12 families), newly imported weeds (18 species of 8 families, originating as feed-mix in imported feeds), and Brazilian weeds (55 species of 17 families, considered potentially invasive), and total 129 species of 25 families were evaluated by "Plant-Box" method using lettuce as a test plant. Results showed that the imported weeds had not always lower allelopathic activity than that of naturalized or established ones. However, several Brazilian weeds showed high allelopathic activities in comparison to native, naturalized or established weeds. The velvetleaf (either the imported or endemic type) showed strong phytotoxic effect against lettuce radicle growth. In case of common lambsquarters, strong allelopathic activities were observed on the imported type and that with Brazilian origin, but allelopathic activity of those phenotypes that already established in Japan was not prominent. These results suggest that allelopathic activity might depend on their origin of each phenotype. This study suggests that some potentially invasive weeds, as well as some imported weeds, were highly allelopathic, and could possibly become a threat to Japanese vegetation, if they invade, and establish in Japan.. |
| 302. | 荒谷 博, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, 赤米等のアレロパシー活性とアレロケミカルの探索, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.49.Supplement_174, 49, 0, 174-175, 2004, [URL]. |
| 303. | 荒谷 博, 関谷 敦, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, 高等菌類子実体のアレロパシー, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.49.Supplement_176, 49, 0, 176-177, 2004, [URL]. |
| 304. | Tomonori Arai, Hajime Sugie, Syuntaro Hiradate, Shigefumi Kuwahara, Noriaki Itagaki, Takashi Nakahata, Identification of a sex pheromone component of Pseudococcus cryptus, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 10.1023/A:1026214112242, 29, 10, 2213-2223, 2003.10, [URL], A sex pheromone component of Pseudococcus cryptus has been isolated and identified. The crude pheromone extract obtained by airborne collection was fractionated by liquid chromatography (LC) on Florisil, and further purified by high performance liquid chromatography and preparative Gas Chromatography (GC). The pheromone component was shown to be an ester, the alcohol part of which was identical to the known alcohol moiety of the pheromone of Planococcus citri. The chemical structure was determined to be 3-isopropenyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutylmethyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate by MS and 1H NMR analyses. The absolute configuration of the pheromone was assigned as (1R,3R) by comparison of the retention time of the alcohol derived from the P. cryptus pheromone with those of the alcohol derived from P. citri pheromone, and a synthetic sample of alcohol enriched in the (1R,3R)-enantiomer, using a chiral GC stationary phase. The structure of the pheromone was confirmed by synthesis, and by bioassays in a glasshouse.. |
| 305. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Noriko U. Yamaguchi, Chemical species of Al reacting with soil humic acids, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)00242-3, 97, 1, 26-31, 2003.09, [URL], The formation and presence of aluminum tridecamer (Al13, [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O) 12]7+) in solution was strongly inhibited by soil humic acids (HA), as shown by liquid-state 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. It was also observed that Al13 coprecipitated with HA in the form of Al13-HA complexes, as shown by solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) 27Al-NMR analyses. Tetrahedral Al in the Al 13-HA complexes was gradually converted to octahedral Al, indicating that Al13 in Al13-HA complexes was decomposed into Al-HA complexes with reaction time. When HA was present in the acidic Al solution before the partial neutralization, the precipitates formed after the partial neutralization did not contain any tetrahedral Al, indicating the absence of Al13 and that HA is a strong inhibitor of Al13 formation. These results indicate that Al13 is not formed from Al complexed with soil HA after partial neutralization. If Al13 was added to soils, it would preferentially form precipitates of non-phytotoxic Al 13-HA complex in the presence of excess HA (i.e. a COOH/Al 13 molar ratio of more than 9) and gradually be converted to an octahedral Al-HA complex. Therefore, Al13 is not a major plant-growth inhibitor in humus-rich acidic soils.. |
| 306. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 伊藤 豊彰, 2-22 アロフェン黒ぼく土および非アロフェン黒ぼく土の固体NMRによるキャラクタリゼーション^C,^Al,^Si,^P-MAS/NMRの適用性(2.土壌有機・無機化学), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 49, 21, 2003.08. |
| 307. | 古林 章弘, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 2-30 土壌環境中におけるL-DOPAの化学形態変化 土壌による吸着反応と触媒作用による変換反応(2.土壌有機・無機化学), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 49, 23, 2003.08. |
| 308. | 山本 洋子, 力石 早苗, Syuntaro Hiradate, 松本 英明, 9-2 イネ細胞のアルミニウム耐性機構の解析 イネ培養細胞とタバコ培養細胞におけるアルミニウム応答反応の比較(9.植物の無機栄養), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 49, 65, 2003.08. |
| 309. | 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, ヘアリーベッチのアレロケミカル候補物質シアナミド(第37回大会研究発表抄録補遺), 植物の生長調節 = Regulation of plant growth & development, 38, 1, 145, 2003.05. |
| 310. | 中島 江里, Syuntaro Hiradate, 加茂 綱嗣, 藤井 義晴, 63 植物成長阻害物質シアナミドのマメ科植物における分布とその活性(1-(3)雑草害、競争、他感作用)(1. 雑草), 雑草研究, 42, 136-137, 2003.04, 近年、強い雑草抑制効果を有するヘアリーベッチ(Vicia villosa Roth)の作用成分として、シアナミドが単離・同定された。シアナミドは窒素肥料である石灰窒素の主成分でもあり、休眠打破剤としても利用されているが、自然界に存在していることは知られていなかった。また、従来報告されているヘアリーベッチによる家畜の中毒現象の原因物質である可能性も考えられ、シアナミドはヘアリーベッチの体内成分として、自然界において重要な役割を果たしている可能性が強く示唆される。そこで本研究では、最終的に植物界におけるシアナミドの分布とその役割について解明することを目的とし、まず、Vicia属およびその他数種のマメ科植物におけるシアナミドの分布と、シアナミドの各種植物に対する生育阻害活性について調べた。. |
| 311. | 古林 章弘, Syuntaro Hiradate, 荒谷 博, 藤井 義晴, 66 根圏土壌を用いたアレロパシー活性測定法(1-(3)雑草害、競争、他感作用)(1. 雑草), 雑草研究, 42, 142-143, 2003.04, これまで,アレロパシーの3つの作用経路(揮発性物質による揮散,根からの浸出,茎葉や残渣からの溶脱)に特異的な検定法として,それぞれ,ディッシュパック法,プラントボックス法,サンドイッチ法が開発されているが,根から土壌に放出された物質が土壌中で他感作用を示すことを実証する検定手法はなかった.そこで,根から根圏土壌中に放出される物質による作用を検定する新たな手法の開発を試みた.. |
| 312. | 森田 沙綾香, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 岸田 真幸, 原田 二郎, 69 ユキヤナギおよびシジミバナの他感作用(1-(3)雑草害、競争、他感作用)(1. 雑草), 雑草研究, 42, 148-149, 2003.04. |
| 313. | 中島 江里, Zahida Iqbal, 濱野 満子, 荒谷 博, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 71 植物由来の精油混合物が有する植物成長促進作用(1-(3)雑草害、競争、他感作用)(1. 雑草), 雑草研究, 42, 152-153, 2003.04, 消臭剤として商品化されている35種の樹木等からの精油成分の混合物(PCS)に、植物の成長促進作用があることが確認され、有機農業生産や減農薬栽培といった環境にやさしい農業への利用が期待される。そこで、この精油混合物の成分として含まれる生理活性物質を単離・同定し、植物に与える作用について検討した。. |
| 314. | 荒谷 博, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, P18 阿波赤米に含まれるアレロケミカルの探索(1-(3)雑草害、競争、他感作用)(1. 雑草), 雑草研究, 42, 196-197, 2003.04, 近年、持続的農業の観点から低農薬による雑草管理が求められている。また、21世紀の稲作では、直播など大規模省労働力化へ進むことが予想され、この際イネ発育初期の雑草発生が問題となる。このような問題を解決もしくは軽減化する手段の一つとして、雑草耐性の一因子であるアレロパシーの利用が考えられる。我々はプラントボックス(PB)法により、アレロパシー活性の強いイネとして阿波赤米を見いだしている。そこで、(1)圃場試験:阿波赤米を含むイネ5品種を精密試験水田で移植栽培し、無除草で栽培したときの雑草発生の調査、(2)物質同定:阿波赤米の根表面および全体からの抽出物からの、他感物質の分離分析、に関する調査を行った。. |
| 315. | 荒谷 博, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, P19 高等菌類子実体のアレロパシー活性(1-(3)雑草害、競争、他感作用)(1. 雑草), 雑草研究, 42, 198-199, 2003.04, 高等菌類は植物と共生、寄生、腐生、不朽などの密接な関係を持ちながら生活しており、これらの高等菌類は生態系において植物遺体の分解者として位置づけられいる。また、おもに木本が生産する難分解性かつ植物生長阻害活性を有するリグニンを分解することのできる一部の菌類は、ダイオキシン類の分解も行うことから近年注目を浴びている。これらの菌類は様々な二次代謝産物を産生していることが知られているが、それらの化合物がアレロケミカルとして周辺の植物にどのような影響を与えているかは不明である。本研究では高等菌類がアレロケミカル放出者として働きうるかを、サンドイッチ法を用いて検定した。. |
| 316. | Zahida Iqbal, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Allelopathic flavonoids from buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum Gaertn.), Journal of Weed Science and Technology, 48, S, 158-159, 2003.04. |
| 317. | Zahida Iqbal, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hiroshi Araya, Yoshiharu Fujii, Plant growth inhibitory activity of triterpenoidal constituents of Ophiopogon japonics Ker-Gawl., Journal of Weed Science and Technology, 10.3719/weed.48.Supplement_156, 48, S, 156-157, 2003.04. |
| 318. | 山澤 広之, 若村 定男, 新垣 則雄, 山本 雅信, Syuntaro Hiradate, 安居 拓也, 金城 邦夫, 安田 哲也, 安藤 哲, I220 沖縄本島産と石垣島産のコシロモンドクガ性フェロモン成分における地域変異(生理活性物質), 日本応用動物昆虫学会大会講演要旨, 47, 152-152, 2003.03. |
| 319. | Tsunashi Kamo, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, First isolation of natural cyanamide as a possible allelochemical from hairy vetch Vicia villosa, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 10.1023/A:1022621709486, 29, 2, 275-283, 2003.02, [URL], Cyanamide was isolated from the leaves and stems of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), guided by plant growth inhibitory activity against lettuce (Lectuca sativa) seedlings. A large proportion of the inhibitory activity in the crude extract was explained by the presence of cyanamide, suggesting it to be a possible allelochemical in this species. The amount in a 9-day-old seedling, which had been grown without nutrients, reached approx. 40 times that of a nongerminated seed. demonstrating cyanamide biosynthesis in the seedlings. This is the first report on the isolation of a possible allelochemical from hairy vetch and also of the finding of cyanamide as a natural product.. |
| 320. | Noriko U. Yamaguchi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Masaru Mizoguchi, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki, Formation and disappearance of Al tridecamer in the presence of low molecular weight organic ligands, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.2003.10410044, 49, 4, 551-556, 2003.01, [URL], Formation and disappearance of phytotoxic Al tridecamer (Al13) in the rhizosphere can be affected by root exudates such as organic ligands. We investigated the effects of organic ligands on the formation and disappearance of Alla as a function of pH and COOH / Al ratio. The aqueous Al species were analyzed by using a liquid state27Al-NMR and an atomic absorption spectrometer and separated into four fractions, as follows; 1) Al13, 2) Al monomer and dimer (AlSYM), 3) Al complexed with organic ligands (AlORG), and 4) other undefined species (AlNON). Formation of Al13 was suppressed by acetate, oxalate, and citrate. In addition, Al13 that preexisted in a hydroxyaluminmn solution was disappeared by the introduction of acetate, oxalate, and citrate. Decrease in the concentration of Al13 at the early stage of the reaction was caused by the decomposition of Al13 along with the increase in the concentrations of AlSYM and AlORG. After 7 d of reaction, it was likely that Al13 was transformed into Al(OH)30 and other undefined species that could not be detected by27Al-NMR. The ability of the carboxylic groups to suppress the occurrence of Al13 (molar-basis) was in the order of acetate 13 were less pronounced because of the ubiquitous presence of organic ligands in the rhizosphere.. |
| 321. | 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 荒谷博, 加茂綱嗣, ヘアリーベッチの他感作用と作用物質シアナミドの同定, 農業環境技術研究所年報（平成13年度）, 19, 42-44, 2003.01. |
| 322. | Zahida Iqbal, Syuntaro Hiradate, Akio Noda, Sei Ichi Isojima, Yoshiharu Fujii, Allelopathic activity of buckwheat Isolation and characterization of phenolics, Weed Science, 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0657:AAOBIA]2.0.CO;2, 51, 5, 657-662, 2003, [URL], Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of buckwheat. In the field, buckwheat demonstrated strong inhibitory activity by suppressing weeds. In laboratory studies, aqueous and organic solvent extracts of the aerial parts of common buckwheat inhibited the root and shoot growth of lettuce seedlings. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed maximum activity, and plants grown in the presence of the ethyl acetate extract showed severe root browning. The allelopathic constituents of the ethyl acetate phase were isolated and identified as gallic acid and (+)-catechin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Gallic acid and (+)-catechin were present in the upper part of buckwheat at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.01%, of fresh weight, respectively. Gallic acid was found to be selectively and strongly inhibitory to root and shoot growth of tested plants at 100 and 10 μg ml-1. (+)-Catechin, however, inhibited plant growth to a lesser extent. These results suggest that buckwheat may have allelopathic potential and that when used as a ground cover crop or green manure may produce inhibitors, which could suppress weeds.. |
| 323. | 森田 沙綾香, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, 岸田 真幸, 原田 二郎, ユキヤナギおよびシジミバナの他感作用, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.48.Supplement_148, 48, 0, 148-149, 2003, [URL]. |
| 324. | 古林 章弘, 平舘 俊太郎, 荒谷 博, 藤井 義晴, 根圏土壌を用いたアレロパシー活性測定法, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.48.Supplement_142, 48, 0, 142-143, 2003, [URL]. |
| 325. | 中島 江理, 平舘 俊太郎, 加茂 綱嗣, 藤井 義晴, 植物成長阻害物質シアナミドのマメ科植物における分布とその活性, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.48.Supplement_136, 48, 0, 136-137, 2003, [URL]. |
| 326. | 中島 江理, 濱野 満子, 荒谷 博, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, Zahida Iqbal, 植物由来の精油混合物が有する植物成長促進作用, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.48.Supplement_152, 48, 0, 152-153, 2003, [URL]. |
| 327. | 荒谷 博, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, 阿波赤米に含まれるアレロケミカルの探索, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.48.Supplement_196, 48, 0, 196-197, 2003, [URL]. |
| 328. | 荒谷 博, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, 高等菌類子実体のアレロパシー活性, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.48.Supplement_198, 48, 0, 198-199, 2003, [URL]. |
| 329. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Shigenobu Yoshida, Hajime Sugie, Hiroshi Yada, Yoshiharu Fujii, Mulberry anthracnose antagonists (iturins) produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RC-2, Phytochemistry, 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00365-5, 61, 6, 693-698, 2002.11, [URL], Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain RC-2 produced seven antifungal compounds (1-7) secreted into the culture filtrate. These compounds inhibited the development of mulberry anthracnose caused by the fungus, Colletotrichum dematium. Chemical structural analyses by NMR and FAB-MS revealed that all these compounds were iturins (cyclic peptides with the following sequence: L-Asn → D-Tyr → D-Asn → L-Gln → L-Pro → D-Asn → L-Ser → D-β-amino acid →) and compounds 1-6 are identical to iturins A-2-A-7, respectively. Compound 7 (iturin A-8) is a new iturin, which has a -(CH2)10CH(CH3)CH2CH3 group as a side chain in the β-amino acid in the molecule.. |
| 330. | S Hiradate, S Yoshida, H Sugie, H Yada, Y Fujii, Mulberry anthracnose antagonists (iturins) produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RC-2, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 61, 6, 693-698, 2002.11, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain RC-2 produced seven antifungal compounds (1-7) secreted into the culture filtrate. These compounds inhibited the development of mulberry anthracnose caused by the fungus, Colletotrichum dematium. Chemical structural analyses by NMR and FAB-MS revealed that all these compounds were iturins (cyclic peptides with the following sequence: L-Asn --> D-Tyr --> D-Asn --> L-Gln --> L-Pro --> D-Asn --> L-Ser --> D-beta-amino acid -->) and compounds 1-6 are identical to iturins A-2-A-7, respectively. Compound 7 (iturin A-8) is a new iturin, which has a -(CH2)(10)CH(CH3)CH2CH3 group as a side chain in the beta-amino acid in the molecule. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.. |
| 331. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 土壌分析法 (部門別進歩総説特集号) -- (第2部門 土壌化学・土壌鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 73, 0, 619-623, 2002.10. |
| 332. | 犬伏 和之, Syuntaro Hiradate, 櫻井 克年, 川東 正幸, 馬 建鋒, 谷 昌幸, 岡崎 正規, 林 健太郎, 坂本 一憲, 三枝 正彦, 土壌酸性をめぐる研究の進展と今後の課題 レビューと課題の抽出, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 73, 5, 575-583, 2002.10. |
| 333. | 加茂 綱嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 56 ヘアリーベッチのアレロケミカル候補物質 シアナミド, 植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集, 37, 121-122, 2002.10, Cyanamide was isolated from hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a leguminous plant utilized as a cover crop, guided by plant growth inhibitory activity against lettuce seedlings. The crude extract of hairy vetch contained 130 μg of cyanamide per gram fresh weight. A large portion of the inhibitory activity in the crude extract of hairy vetch was explained by the presence of cyanamide, suggesting that the compound is a possible allelochemical of the hairy vetch. We also demonstrated that cyanamide was biosynthesized in hairy vetch seedlings. This is the first report of cyanamide from a natural source.. |
| 334. | イクバル ザヒダ, Syuntaro Hiradate, 野田 昭夫, 磯島 誠一, 藤井 義晴, ソバのアレロパシー ソバ地上部抽出物の他感作用活性と作用物質としてのファゴミンと関連アルカロイドの同定(雑草学会英文誌"Weed Biology and Management"第2巻2号掲載論文摘要(摘要)), 雑草研究, 47, 3, 206, 2002.09. |
| 335. | 藤井義晴, 平館俊太郎, 石坂眞澄, 小原裕三, ヘアリーベッチに含まれる植物生長阻害物質シアナミドの発見, 農業環境研究成果情報, 18, 20-21, 2002.07. |
| 336. | Akio Ichikawa, Hiroshi Ono, Syuntaro Hiradate, Masataka Watanabe, Nobuyuki Harada, Absolute configurations of 2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid and 2-methoxy-2-(2-naphthyl)propionic acid as determined by the phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) method, Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 10.1016/S0957-4166(02)00268-9, 13, 11, 1167-1172, 2002.06, [URL], The absolute configurations of 2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid and 2-methoxy-2-(2-naphthyl)propionic acid were reconfirmed by NMR analyses of phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) derivatives. Their absolute configurations determined by the PGME method are consistent with those obtained by the 1H NMR anisotropy method and X-ray crystallography.. |
| 337. | S Yoshida, A Shirata, S Hiradate, Ecological characteristics and biological control of mulberry anthracnose, JARQ-JAPAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY, 36, 2, 89-95, 2002.04, To develop effective control techniques against mulberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum dematium, ecological and biocontrol studies on the disease were carried out. It was confirmed that the causal fungus overwinters mainly in infected mulberry leaves on the ground, then first infects the leaves adjacent to the ground in the rainy season. The fungal infection secondarily reaches the middle and upper foliage of mulberry trees with the passage of time, being less associated with the leaf age. The diseased leaves subsequently fall in autumn, and the fungus overwinters in these leaves again. It was suggested that the removal of fallen leaves from the mulberry field in autumn may contribute to cutting off the above disease cycle efficiently. A potential antagonist, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain RC-2, was isolated from healthy mulberry leaves. The antagonism was due to the production of antifungal compounds by the strain. Seven kinds of antifungal compounds were purified, and one of these was identified as iturin A2. Based on antagonistic mechanisms of the strain, the inhibition ability of RC-2 could be efficiently used by the application of the strain onto the leaves adjacent to the ground when primary fungal transmission from soil occurs. Furthermore, the antibiotics inhibited several other phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, besides C. dematium, in vitro, suggesting that the antibiotics produced by RC-2 might be useful as multiple control materials against various plant diseases.. |
| 338. | 藤井 義晴, 加茂 網嗣, Syuntaro Hiradate, 69 ヘアリーベッチ葉に含まれる植物生長阻害物質としてのシアナミドの同定, 雑草研究, 41, 154-155, 2002.04. |
| 339. | 元木 悟, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 10-10 アスパラガスの連作障害におけるアレロパシーの関与(10.植物の代謝), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 48, 74, 2002.03. |
| 340. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 2-5 二次元NMRによる腐植酸の構造解析 火山灰土壌由来の腐植酸への適用(2.土壌有機・無機化学), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 48, 6, 2002.03. |
| 341. | Zahida Iqbal, Syuntaro Hiradate, Akio Noda, Sei Ichi Isojima, Yoshiharu Fujii, Allelopathy of buckwheat Assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of aerial parts of buckwheat and identification of fagomine and other related alkaloids as allelochemicals, Weed Biology and Management, 10.1046/j.1445-6664.2002.00055.x, 2, 2, 110-115, 2002, [URL], The allelopathic potential of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species.. |
| 342. | 藤井 義晴, 加茂 綱嗣, 平舘 俊太郎, ヘアリーベッチ葉に含まれる植物生長阻害物質としてのシアナミドの同定, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.47.Supplement_154, 47, 0, 154-155, 2002, [URL]. |
| 343. | 逸見 彰男, Syuntaro Hiradate, 山口 紀子, 石田 智之, 松枝 直人, 分子レベルでの土壌成分および成分間のナノスケール相互作用, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 72, 6, 833-838, 2001.12. |
| 344. | 村上 理都子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 白田 昭, H. Inoue, 吉田 重信, 矢澤 盈男, (248)クワ暗斑病菌(Myrothecium verrucaria)の病原性発現に対する本菌由来毒素roridin A, verruacrin A, Jおよび未同定毒素の関与, 日本植物病理學會報, 67, 2, 184-185, 2001.08. |
| 345. | 藤井 義晴, 西原 英治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 久保 伊佐夫, 51 L-DOPA等の天然カテコール化合物が植物間相互作用に及ぼす影響 各種植物におけるメラニン様物質形成反応とその阻害について, 雑草研究, 40, 116-117, 2001.04. |
| 346. | 藤井 義晴, 中谷 敬子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 猪谷 富雄, 53 イネのアレロパシーの検索と抑草作用の強い「阿波赤米」の検出, 雑草研究, 40, 120-121, 2001.04. |
| 347. | 藤井 義晴, 西原 英治, Syuntaro Hiradate, 久保 伊佐夫, L-DOPA等の天然カテコール化合物が植物環相互作用に及ぼす影響 各種植物におけるメラニン様物質形成反応とその阻害について, 雑草研究, 46, 116-117, 2001.04. |
| 348. | 藤井 義晴, 中谷 敬子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 猪谷 富雄, イネのアレロパシーの検索と抑草作用の強い「阿波赤米」の検出, 雑草研究, 46, 120-121, 2001.04. |
| 349. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 現代土壌肥料学の断面(3)鉄欠乏イネ科植物から分泌されたムギネ酸による鉄溶解反応, 農業および園芸, 76, 3, 407-414, 2001.03. |
| 350. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 2-18 土壌環境中におけるL-DOPAの化学形態および植物生育阻害活性の変化(2.土壌有機・無機化学), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 47, 15, 2001.03. |
| 351. | 山口 紀子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 溝口 勝, 2-19 腐植酸および低分子有機酸共存下における13量体アルミニウムの安定性(2.土壌有機・無機化学), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 47, 16, 2001.03. |
| 352. | 若村 定男, 新垣 則雄, 山本 雅信, Syuntaro Hiradate, 安居 拓恵, 安田 哲也, 安藤 哲, H208 沖縄本島産コシロモンドクガ性フェロモンの同定 トランスエポキシド(生理活性物質), 日本応用動物昆虫学会大会講演要旨, 45, 147, 2001.03. |
| 353. | 石井 英夫, Syuntaro Hiradate, Govindaraghavan Suresh, 杉山 知子, 山田 靖史, グレープフルーツ抽出物資材中の抗菌性物質、塩化ベンゼトニウム, 講演要旨集, 26, 53, 2001.02. |
| 354. | S. Yoshida, Syuntaro Hiradate, T. Tsukamoto, K. Hatakeda, A. Shirata, Antimicrobial activity of culture filtrate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RC-2 isolated from mulberry leaves, Phytopathology, 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.2.181, 91, 2, 181-187, 2001.01, [URL], A potential antagonist, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain RC-2, against Colletotrichum dematium, mulberry anthracnose fungus, was obtained from healthy mulberry leaves by in vitro and in vivo screening techniques. Application of culture filtrate of RC-2 inhibited disease on mulberry leaves, indicating that suppression was due to antifungal compounds in the filtrate. Development of mulberry anthracnose on mulberry leaves was inhibited only when the culture filtrate was applied before fungal inoculation, and it was not inhibited by application after inoculation. These results suggest that the antifungal compounds in the filtrate exhibit a preventive effect on the disease. Peptone significantly increased production of the antifungal compounds. The culture filtrate of RC-2 also inhibited the growth of several other phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, such as Rosellinia necatrix, Pyricularia oryzae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, in vitro. From the culture filtrate of RC-2, seven kinds of antifungal compounds were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, and one of the compounds was determined as iturin A2, a cyclic peptide, by nuclear magnetic resonance and fast atom bombardment mass analysis.. |
| 355. | Sadao Wakamura, Norio Arakaki, Masanobu Yamamoto, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hiroe Yasui, Tetsuya Yasuda, Tetsu Ando, Posticlure A novel trans-epoxide as a sex pheromone component of the tussock moth, Orgyia postica (Walker), Tetrahedron Letters, 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)02038-4, 42, 4, 687-689, 2001.01, [URL], A single EAG-active component was found in a pheromone extract from virgin females of the tussock moth, Orgyia postica. This compound named posticlure possesses a trans-epoxy ring and was identified as (6Z,9Z,11S,12S)-11,12-epoxyhenicosa-6,9-diene by means of GC-MS, 1H NMR and chiral HPLC analyses, and further chemical derivation followed by the GC-MS analysis. In a field test with the pheromone synthesized stereoselectivity, the male moths were specifically attracted to the (11S,12S)-isomer but not to the antipode.. |
| 356. | Satoru Taniguchi, Syuntaro Hiradate, Katsutoshi Sakurai, Speciation of hydroxyaluminosilicate and hydroxyaluminum ions as affected by the presence of montmorillonite Extraction experiment with potassium chloride and speciation by27Al-NMR, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.2001.10408397, 47, 2, 333-343, 2001.01, [URL], The changes of Al species in the presence of montmorillonite (Mt) with aging were investigated using 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy after extraction with 1 mol L-1 KCl. Composition of the Al species in a hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS) solution with a Si/Al molar ratio of 0.63 without Mt was not appreciably affected by 42 d of aging. In the absence of Mt, the concentration of Al13 ([Al04Al12(OH)24- H2O)12]7+) in the HAS solution with a Si/Al molar ratio of 0.09 and hydroxy-aluminum (HyA) solution decreased during 42 d of aging, suggesting that degradation (or polymerization) of Al13 took place upon aging. In the presence of Mt, Al13 was adsorbed onto Mt from the HyA and HAS(0.09) solutions. The adsorbed Al13 was partly recovered by 1 mol L-1 KCl from HyA- and HAS(0.09)Mt complexes after 42 d of aging, suggesting that at least a part of the adsorbed Al13 was exchangeable and the rest was considerably stabilized by adsorption onto Mt. The desorption ratios of Al from the HyA- and HAS(O.09)Mt complexes accounted for 25 to 30% and 6 to 8% of total Al adsorbed, respectively. The species of Al desorbed from these complexes consisted mainly of Al13 and AlNON. The AlNON was attributed to electrically asymmetric Al including HAS and/or polymer HyA ions.. |
| 357. | Naoko Nakajima, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Plant growth inhibitory activity of L-Canavanine and its mode of action, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 10.1023/A:1005659714947, 27, 1, 19-31, 2001, [URL], L-Canavanine is a nonprotein amino acid contained in jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC] and shows a plant inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effect was determined by an immersion test and a microdrop test that employed rice seedlings. L-Canavanine inhibited elongation of the second leaf sheath of rice seedlings more than other natural bioactive substances, such as salicylic acid and cinnamic acid. The modified microdrop test revealed that the mode of action of L-canavanine had no relation to gibberellin synthesis. In the microdrop test, the inhibitory effect of L-canavanine was decreased by simultaneous addition of L-arginine, an analog of L-canavanine. Free amino acid analysis of rice shoots clearly showed that L-canavanine induced an unusual accumulation of L-arginine. However, accumulation of L-arginine did not cause the inhibitory effect on plant growth. These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition of L-canavanine is closely related to the inhibition of arginine metabolism.. |
| 358. | 藤井 義晴, 西原 英治, 平舘 俊太郎, 久保 伊佐夫, L-DOPA等の天然カテコール化合物が植物間相互作用に及ぼす影響-各種植物におけるメラニン様物質形成反応とその阻害について-, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.46.Supplement_116, 46, 0, 116-117, 2001, [URL]. |
| 359. | 藤井 義晴, 中谷 敬子, 平舘 俊太郎, 猪谷 富雄, イネのアレロパシーの検索と抑草作用の強い「阿波赤米」の検出, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.46.Supplement_120, 46, 0, 120-121, 2001, [URL]. |
| 360. | 山口 紀子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 溝口 勝, P33 13量体アルミニウムの生成および安定性におよぼす共存イオンの影響 (第44回粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録), 粘土科学, 40, 2, 133, 2000.11. |
| 361. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 他感物質, 農業土木学会誌 = Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society, Japan, 68, 11, 99-99, 2000.11. |
| 362. | 吉田 重信, Syuntaro Hiradate, 畑田 清隆, 白田 昭, 村上 理都子, 矢澤 盈男, クワ炭疽病の発病抑制細菌株Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RC-2の生産する抗菌成分の単離および同定, 日本植物病理學會報, 66, 2, 174, 2000.08. |
| 363. | Akio Ichikawa, Syuntaro Hiradate, Akinori Sugio, Shunsuke Kuwahara, Masataka Watanabe, Nobuyuki Harada, Absolute configuration of 2-methoxy-2-(2-naphthyl)propionic acid as determined by the 1H NMR anisotropy method, Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 10.1016/S0957-4166(00)00233-0, 11, 13, 2669-2675, 2000.07, [URL], 2-Methoxy-2-(2-naphthyl)propionic acid 1 and 2-hydroxy-2-(2-naphthyl)propionic acid 2 were prepared by the Grignard reaction of 2-naphthylmagnesium bromide with (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthyl pyruvate. The absolute configurations of (+)-1 and (+)-2 were determined to be S by the 1H NMR anisotropy method. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.. |
| 364. | 藤井義晴, 平館俊太郎, 中島直子, 中谷敬子, 松山稔, 下澤秀樹, クレオメに含まれる他感作用の強い揮発性物質の同定, 農業環境研究成果情報, 16, 27-28, 2000.07. |
| 365. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 足立 泰久, コパル ルーク, 土のコロイド現象の基礎と応用(その19) 土壌のイオン吸着反応, 農業土木学会誌 = Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society, Japan, 68, 6, 45-51, 2000.06. |
| 366. | 藤井 義晴, 松山 稔, 下澤 秀樹, Syuntaro Hiradate, 中谷 敬子, 33 クレオメの他感作用と作用物質メチルイソチオシアネートの同定, 雑草研究, 39, 78-79, 2000.04. |
| 367. | 藤井 義晴, 松山 稔, Syuntaro Hiradate, 中谷 敬子, 34 揮発性他感物質の検定法と作用成分の分析法の開発, 雑草研究, 39, 80-81, 2000.04. |
| 368. | 諸岡 伸康, 久野 勝治, 前河 正昭, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 35 ニセアカシアのアレロパシーの検証と作用物質の分析, 雑草研究, 39, 82-83, 2000.04. |
| 369. | 藤井 義晴, 松山 稔, 下澤 秀樹, Syuntaro Hiradate, 中谷 敬子, クレオメの他感作用と作用物質メチルイソチオシアネートの同定, 雑草研究, 45, 78-79, 2000.04. |
| 370. | 諸岡 伸康, 久野 勝治, 前河 正昭, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, ニセアカシアのアレロパシーの検証と作用物質の分析, 雑草研究, 45, 82-83, 2000.04. |
| 371. | 藤井 義晴, 松山 稔, Syuntaro Hiradate, 中谷 敬子, 揮発性他感物質の検定法と作用成分の分析法の開発, 雑草研究, 45, 80-81, 2000.04. |
| 372. | 草川 知行, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, カラシナ(Brassica juncea Cross.)由来の揮発性物質による雑草の発芽抑制, 千葉県農業試験場研究報告, 41, 29-34, 2000.03, カラシナから発生するAITCを利用して雑草防除を行うため，レタスおよび雑草種子の発芽抑制効果を明らかにした。1. 土壌50mLあたり濃度50mg/LのAITC水溶液20mL添加でレタスの発芽が抑制された。2. 土壌50mLあたりカラシナ生葉1g以上の混和量でレタスの発芽が抑制された。このときのAITC濃度は摩砕した生葉1gで24時間後に0.65mg/Lでピークとなった。40℃ではこれよりピークが早く現れ，高濃度が長時間維持された。3. アオビユでは，レタスと同程度の発芽抑制効果が認められたが，イヌビエでは十分な効果が得られなかった。. |
| 373. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 中台 利枝, 進藤 晴夫, 米山 忠克, 2-17 δ^C値による土壌有機物,腐植酸,フルボ酸の起源推定(2.土壌有機・無機化学), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 46, 14, 2000.03. |
| 374. | 松山 稔, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 21-14 植物由来揮発性物質によるアレロパシー活性の生物検定法(21.土壌改良資材), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 46, 174, 2000.03. |
| 375. | 馬 建鋒, Syuntaro Hiradate, 9-25 ソバにおけるアルミニウム集積機構の解析(9.植物の無機栄養), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 46, 46, 78, 2000.03. |
| 376. | Xiao Feng Li, Jian Feng Ma, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hideaki Matsumoto, Mucilage strongly binds aluminum but does not prevent roots from aluminum injury in Zea mays, Physiologia Plantarum, 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.108002152.x, 108, 2, 152-160, 2000.02, [URL], The possible role of mucilage in protecting roots from aluminum (Al) injury was investigated in Zea mays L. (cv. Golden Cross Bantam), focusing on binding of Al with mucilage and effects of mucilage on Al toxicity. Al was bound to mucilage after the treatment of roots with 10-50 μM Al for 1 h and 30 μm Al for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Using molecular sieve chromatography (Sephadex G-100), Al was co-eluted with a high molecular mass sugar and a low molecular mass sugar. The difficulty in desorbing Al from mucilage with organic acids confirmed the strong binding strength of Al by mucilage revealed by 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Al could not be desorbed completely by succinic, malic, oxalic and citric acid at a molar ratio of 1:1. It could only be completely removed by oxalic acid at a molar ratio of 20:1 (oxalate:Al). Bioassay experiments showed that cell viability and callose formation were unaffected by Al bound to mucilage. However, mucilage deprived roots had only 0.21-0.59 nmol apex-1 higher Al content than control roots after treatment with 30 μM Al for 1, 1.5 and 2 h. Moreover, inhibition of root elongation by 5 μM Al for 6, 12, 24 and 36 h was independent of the presence or absence of mucilage prior to the Al treatment. These results indicate that although mucilage affects the accumulation of Al by roots, it does not confer Al resistance to Z. mays root apices.. |
| 377. | 宇智田 奈津代, Syuntaro Hiradate, 井上 克弘, アロフェン, フェリハイドライト, 微粒炭, 活性炭の腐植酸吸着特性の比較, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 10.20710/dojo.71.1_1, 71, 1, 1-8, 2000.02, We conducted experiments for the humic acid adsorption by allophane, ferrihydrite, activated charcoal and micro charcoal to clarify the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of humic substances in Andisols. Adsorption envelopes indicated that: 1) the adsorption patterns of humic acid on these materials from equilibrium pH 4 to 6 showed that the amount of humic acid sorbed was the largest for allophane folowed by activated charcoal, ferrihydrite and micro charcoal; 2) there were many differences between activated charcoal and micro charcoal in regards to their humic acid adsorption properties; and 3) many researches indicated that the amount of active Al was much larger than that of micro charcoal in Andisols. From these results, we concluded that active Al plays an important role in the accumulation of humic substances in Andisols, as indicated by Kobo and Oba, Wada and Higashi, Shoji, and Inoue and Higashi.. |
| 378. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Katsuhiro Inoue, Dissolution of iron by mugineic acid from soils and comparison with DTPA soil test, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.2000.10409132, 46, 3, 673-681, 2000.01, [URL], Mugineic acid (MA), which is a multidentate phytosiderophore, is exuded to the rhizosphere by the roots of graminaceous plants (e.g. barley) growing under Fe-deficient conditions, resulting in the dissolution of Fe as a form of MA-Fe111 complex (MAFe). To clarify the effects of soil chemical properties on the amount of Fe dissolved by MA, an experiment to study the reaction of MA using 38 soil samples was conducted, and the concentrations of free MA (uncomplexed and non-adsorbed MA) and MAFe in solution and the amounts of MA adsorbed on the soils were determined after the reaction. Soil pH value was a good indicator to predict the behavior of MA in soils. A large proportion of added MA was adsorbed on soils or formed MAFe in solution in acidic soils, whereas it did not react with soils and occurred as free MA in alkaline soils. These features were in good agreement with the interaction of MA with Fe (hydr)oxides, as reported in previous papers. Other soil chemical properties, such as soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the amount of amorphous (hydr)oxide components, also affected the behavior of MA in the soils. The Fe dissolution ability of MA was compared with that of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) soil test. Although the amounts of extractable Fe were similar between the MA extraction and DTPA soil test, factors influencing the amount of Fe dissolved (formation constant with Fe111, reaction pH, rate constant, etc.) were different between both chelating compounds.. |
| 379. | Jian Feng Ma, Syuntaro Hiradate, Form of aluminium for uptake and translocation in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), Planta, 10.1007/s004250000292, 211, 3, 355-360, 2000.01, [URL], The forms of Al for uptake by the roots and translocation from the root to the shoot were investigated in a buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, cv. Jianxi) that accumulates Al in its leaves. The Al concentration in the xylem sap was 15-fold higher in the plants exposed to AlCl3 than in those exposed to an Al-oxalate (1:3) complex, suggesting that the roots take up Al in the ionic form. The Al concentration in the xylem sap was 4-fold higher than that in the external solution after a 1-h exposure to AlCl3 solution and 10-fold higher after a 2-h exposure. The Al concentration in the xylem sap increased with increasing Al concentration in the external solution. The Al uptake was not affected by a respiratory inhibitor, hydroxylamine, but significantly inhibited by the addition of La. These results suggest that Al uptake by the root is a passive process, and La3+ competes for the binding sites for Al3+ on the plasma membrane. The form of Al in the xylem sap was identified by 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The chemical shift of 27Al in the xylem sap was around 10.9 ppm, which is consistent with that of the Al-citrate complex. Furthermore, the dominant organic acid in the xylem sap was citric acid, indicating that Al was translocated in the form of Al-citrate complex. Because Al is present as Al-oxalate (1:3) in the root, the present data show that ligand exchange from oxalate to citrate occurs before Al is released to xylem.. |
| 380. | S. Yoshida, Syuntaro Hiradate, Y. Fujii, A. Shirata, Colletotrichum dematium produces phytotoxins in anthracnose lesions of mulberry leaves, Phytopathology, 90, 3, 285-291, 2000, Colletotrichum dematium, the causal agent of mulberry anthracnose, was examined to produce phytotoxins in vitro and in planta. Raw and autoclaved mulberry leaves infected with the fungus, as well as the fungus incubated with several solid or liquid media, were extracted with acetone. Extracts obtained from the fungus grown on raw and autoclaved mulberry leaves caused brown necrotic lesions on susceptible mulberry leaves when they were placed (10 μl) on the wounded adaxial surface. Whereas, no extracts obtained from media, except inoculated medium containing homogenized mulberry leaves, induced the necrosis, suggesting that the fungus produced phytotoxins in planta and that some components in mulberry leaves may be indispensable substrates for producing the toxins. The phytotoxins obtained from the diseased leaves induced necrosis on nonhost plants leaves as well as on mulberry leaves. The toxins were present in the border of anthracnose lesions on the leaves, and the sensitivity to the toxin correlated with that to the fungus infection in each susceptible or resistant mulberry cultivar. These results suggest that the phytotoxins are host nonspecific and play a role in fungal pathogenesis in the development of the lesions. Four toxic compounds were isolated and purified from anthracnose lesions. However, due to the low yield, the chemical structure of the compounds could not be identified.. |
| 381. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 足立 泰久, コパル ルーク, 土のコロイド現象の基礎と応用 (その19):土壌のイオン吸着反応, 農業土木学会誌 = Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society, Japan, 10.11408/jjsidre1965.68.6_597, 68, 6, 597-603,a2, 2000, [URL], 土壌中で起こる吸着反応のメカニズムには, イオン交換反応, 配位子交換反応, 疎水的相互作用など, いくっかのタイプが知られている。 本講では, 土壌を構成しているコロイド成分ごとに, 想定される吸着反応メカニズムとその反応特性を解説する。また, これら吸着反応の解析例として,(1) 1pKモデルとStern-Gouy-Chapman (SGC) モデルを組合わせたSite Bindingモデル (1pK-SGCモデル) による表面水酸基の変異荷電発生のモデル,(2) 吸着表面の不均一性と吸着質の非理想的な挙動を配慮に入れたNICA (Non-ldeal Competitive Adsorption) モデルを紹介する。. |
| 382. | 山口 紀子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 溝口 勝, P33 13量体アルミニウムの生成および安定性におよぼす共存イオンの影響, 粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録, 10.11362/cssj2.44.0_214, 44, 0, 214-215, 2000, [URL]. |
| 383. | 藤井 義晴, 松山 稔, 下澤 秀樹, 平舘 俊太郎, 中谷 敬子, クレオメの他感作用と作用物質メチルイソチオシアネートの同定, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.45.Supplement_78, 45, 0, 78-79, 2000, [URL]. |
| 384. | 諸岡 伸康, 久野 勝治, 前河 正昭, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, ニセアカシアのアレロパシーの検証と作用物質の分析, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.45.Supplement_82, 45, 0, 82-83, 2000, [URL]. |
| 385. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 他感物質, 農業土木学会誌 = Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society, Japan, 10.11408/jjsidre1965.68.11_1205, 68, 11, 1205-1205, 2000, [URL]. |
| 386. | 藤井 義晴, 松山 稔, 平舘 俊太郎, 中谷 敬子, 揮発性他感物質の検定法と作用成分の分析法の開発, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.45.Supplement_80, 45, 0, 80-81, 2000, [URL]. |
| 387. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Hiroshi Yada, Tadashi Ishii, Naoko Nakajima, Mayumi Ohnishi-Kameyama, Hajime Sugie, Siriporn Zungsontiporn, Yoshiharu Fujii, Three plant growth inhibiting saponins from Duranta repens, Phytochemistry, 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00408-2, 52, 7, 1223-1228, 1999.12, [URL], Three new triterpenoid-type saponins were isolated from leaves of Duranta repens using plant growth inhibiting activity against seedlings of Brassica juncea var. cernua as a guide for fractionation. The structures of these compounds were elucidated as polygalacic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosido- 28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3')-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(l → 4)-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-L-arabinopyranoside] (durantanin I), polygalacic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosido-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D- xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-L-arabinopyranoside] (durantanin II), and polygalacic acid-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosido-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-L-arabinopyranoside] (durantanin III).. |
| 388. | 進藤 晴夫, Syuntaro Hiradate, 本間 洋美, 山焼き後の炭化物を希硝酸処理して得られた腐植酸とA型土壌腐植酸の分光学的および物理化学的諸性質における類似性, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 10.20710/dojo.70.6_769, 70, 6, 769-774, 1999.12, We compared the spectroscopic and physicochemical properties of the humic acids isolated from charred grassland plants after HNO_3 treatment (C-HA) and from the A horizon of Kuro- bokudo (S-HA). 1) The shapes of the absorption curves in the UV and visible regions of the C-HA and S-HA were featureless, and their humic acids belonged to the A-type. 2) The carbon and hydrogen contents of C-HA were almost the same as those of S-HA, while the nitrogen content of C-HA was much higher than that of S-HA and the oxygen content of C-HA was lower than that of S-HA. The atomic [O]/[C] and [O]/[H] ratios of C-HA were lower than those of S-HA. These analytical data of C-HA, except for the nitrogen content, fell within the ranges of those of A-type soil humic acids reported previously. 3) The ^C-NMR spectra of C-HA and S-HA were similar to each other, and the values of their carbon species were in the order of aromatic-C ≫ carbonyl- C > carbohydrate-C≒aliphatic-C. The values of the aromatic-C and carbonyl-C were lower in C-HA than in S-HA. The reverse was true for carbohydrate-C and aliphatic-C. 4) The FT-IR spectrum of C-HA resembled that of S-HA. 5) The XRD patterns of C-HA and S-HA indicated that these humic acids had graphite-like structures.. |
| 389. | 藤井義晴, Zahida Iqbal, 平館俊太郎, 中島直子, 中谷敬子, 高橋道彦, ヒガンバナの他感作用とその作用物質リコリンおよびクリニンの同定, 農業環境研究成果情報, 15, 31-32, 1999.11. |
| 390. | Akio Ichikawa, Syuntaro Hiradate, Akinori Sugio, Shunsuke Kuwahara, Masataka Watanabe, Nobuyuki Harada, Absolute configuration of 2-hydroxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid as determined by the 1H NMR anisotropy method, Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 10.1016/S0957-4166(99)00451-6, 10, 21, 4075-4078, 1999.10, [URL], Enantiopure 2-hydroxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid (+)-2 was prepared by the stereoselective Grignard reaction of 1-naphthylmagnesium bromide with (1R,3R,4S)-menthyl pyruvate 3 or (1R,3R,4S)-8-phenylmenthyl pyruvate 4, and the absolute configuration of acid (+)-2 was unambiguously determined to be S by the 1H NMR anisotropy method.. |
| 391. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Naoko Nakajima, Siriporn Zungsontiporn, Yoshiharu Fujii, Biological activities of plant growth inhibitors from Duranta repens, Proceedings, Seventeenth Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, 1, B, 577-582, 1999.09. |
| 392. | Naoko Nakajima, Syuntaro Hiradate, Yoshiharu Fujii, Mode of action of a new plant growth inhibitor, Durantanin II., Proceedings, Seventeenth Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, 1, B, 614-618, 1999.09. |
| 393. | 中嶋 直子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 21 L-カナバニンによる植物生育阻害の作用機構について, 雑草研究, 38, 60-61, 1999.08. |
| 394. | 藤井 義晴, Zahida Iqbal, Syuntaro Hiradate, 中嶋 直子, 中谷 敬子, 高橋 道彦, 82 ヒガンバナの他感作用と作用物質リコリン・クリニンの同定, 雑草研究, 38, 182-183, 1999.08. |
| 395. | 中嶋 直子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, L-3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)によるキュウリ幼植物の生育阻害作用の特性, 雑草研究, 44, 2, 132-138, 1999.08, When cucumber seeds were sown on agar containing L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), the growth of cucumber seedlings was strongly inhibited by L-DOPA immediately after sowing. However, they recovered from the inhibitory effect of L-DOPA 12 days after sowing. Throughout the experimental period, blacking of agar was observed in the medium containing L-DOPA due to chemical alteration of L-DOPA in agar associated with a polymerization reaction. In the roots of cucumber seedlings treated with L-DOPA, accumulation of L-DOPA and free amino acids was observed compared with the control. Especially, the amount of tyrosine and phenylalanine with a similar chemical structure to that of L-DOPA increased remarkably. It was assumed that the increase was due to the metabolim of L-DOPA to other harmless amino acids. This transformation of L-DOPA could be one of the detoxification mechanisms responsible for the recovery from the inhibitory effects of L-DOPA.. |
| 396. | 藤井 義晴, Zahida Iqbal, Syuntaro Hiradate, 中嶋 直子, 中谷 敬子, 高橋 道彦, ヒガンバナの他感作用と作用物質リコリン・クリニンの同定, 雑草研究, 44, 182-183, 1999.08. |
| 397. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 根から分泌される有機酸と土壌の相互作用 土壌による吸着反応と有機酸による溶解反応, 化学と生物, 37, 7, 454-459, 1999.07. |
| 398. | 松枝 直人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 逸見 彰男, 4-6 ナノボールアロフェンの構造に対する決着 基本構造はSi/Al原子比0.5(4.土壌物理化学・鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.45.0_30_2, 45, 45, 30-30, 1999.07. |
| 399. | Syuntaro Hiradate, ^AI-,^Si-NMRによるAIおよびSiの形態分析, 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.45.0_299, 45, 299-299, 1999.07. |
| 400. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 奨-3 ムギネ酸と土壌の相互作用(日本土壌肥料学会奨励賞), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.45.0_317_1, 45, 45, 317-317, 1999.07. |
| 401. | 吉田 重信, Syuntaro Hiradate, 白田 昭, 藤井 義晴, 村上 理都子, 矢澤 盈男, (34) クワ炭疽病病斑部から抽出される毒素の単離および病原性への役割 (平成11年度 日本植物病理学会大会), 日本植物病理學會報, 65, 3, 329, 1999.06. |
| 402. | Mitsuru Toma, Syuntaro Hiradate, Masahiko Saigusa, Chemical species of Al in a gypsum-treated Kitakami Andosol Direct analysis of A1 adsorbed on cation exchange resin using 27Al NMR, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 45, 2, 279-285, 1999, To examine the possibility that the A113 polymer ([A1O4A112(OH)24(H2O)12]7+) could be formed in soils after gypsum application, an analytical method using a cation exchange resin and 27A1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to gypsum-treated Kitakami Andosol (fine, mixed, mesic, Andic Dystrochrept). The NMR spectra of the cation exchange resins which retained artificially synthesized hydroxy-Al, showed two broad peaks at 0 and 63 ppm. These results indicated that monomer and/or dimer Al and A113 polymers adsorbed on the cation exchange resin could be detected with 27A1 NMR. The amount of polymer A1 increased by gypsum application in the Kitakami soil. The NMR spectrum of this resin showed only one peak at 0 ppm indicating that the polymer A1 formed in the gypsum treated Kitakami soil was not the A113 polymer.. |
| 403. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 根から分泌される有機酸と土壌の相互作用 土壌による吸着反応と有機酸による溶解反応:土壌による吸着反応と有機酸による溶解反応, 化学と生物, 10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.37.454, 37, 7, 454-459, 1999, [URL]. |
| 404. | 中嶋 直子, 平舘 俊太郎, 藤井 義晴, Ｌ‐３，４‐Ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｐｈｅｎｙｌａ１ａｎｉｎｅ（Ｌ‐ＤＯＰＡ）によるキュウリ幼植物の生育阻害作用の特性, 雑草研究, 10.3719/weed.44.132, 44, 2, 132-138, 1999, [URL], When cucumber seeds were sown on agar containing L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), the growth of cucumber seedlings was strongly inhibited by L-DOPA immediately after sowing. However, they recovered from the inhibitory effect of L-DOPA 12 days after sowing. Throughout the experimental period, blacking of agar was observed in the medium containing L-DOPA due to chemical alteration of L-DOPA in agar associated with a polymerization reaction. In the roots of cucumber seedlings treated with L-DOPA, accumulation of L-DOPA and free amino acids was observed compared with the control. Especially, the amount of tyrosine and phenylalanine with a similar chemical structure to that of L-DOPA increased remarkably. It was assumed that the increase was due to the metabolim of L-DOPA to other harmless amino acids. This transformation of L-DOPA could be one of the detoxification mechanisms responsible for the recovery from the inhibitory effects of L-DOPA.. |
| 405. | 松枝 直人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 逸見 彰男, A7.P43. 固体高分子能NMRによるアロフェンの微細構造 (第42回粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録), 粘土科学, 38, 2, 118, 1998.12. |
| 406. | 井上 克弘, 濱浦 尚生, Syuntaro Hiradate, 葛西 攻, 東北日本の雨水中の硫酸イオンとカルシウムイオン濃度の季節変動, 起源および広域風成塵降下量との関係, 日本土壌肥料学雑誌 = Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 69, 5, 445-456, 1998.10, Five snow samples collected on Mt. Hachimantai (1400 m a. s. l. ) in the months of May and June from 1991 to 1996 contained significant amounts of eolian dust. Fifty-four rainwater samples were collected at Morioka from Jan. 17, 1992 to Apr. 27, 1994 and at Fukaura from Sept. 28, 1992 to Feb. 3, 1995 ; areas located in Northeast Japan. The pH values, concentration of chemical components, and amount of eolian dust in the rainwater samples were determined. Fifteen percent and 27% of the rainwater samples from Morioka and Fukaura, respectively, were acid rain. About 76 and 57% of the inorganic dust deposits in the rainwater samples from Morioka and Fukaura, respectively, were dominated by a and nssCa^ in rainwater was 4.5 and 4.0 meq m^ in Morioka and 6.2 and 7.1 meq m^ in Fukaura, respectively. The chemical compositions of eolian dust deposits in the rainwater samples were compared with Chinese loess and Hachimantai eolian dust in snow deposits. These deposits were characterized by almost the same chemical, physical and mineralogical properties. Sulfate in the Morioka rainwater is transported from China. In addition, the relatively low E factors of SO_4^ of Japanese rainwater samples were partially influenced by sea salt, especially in the winter season. A significant correlation between the amounts of nssSO_4^ and nssCa^ of eolian dust deposits in rainwater samples suggests that nssSO_4^ and most of the nssCa^ and nssK^+ were dissolved from Asian long-range eolian dust contained in the rainwater samples. The annual deposition of nssSO_4^ and nssCa^ in Northeast Japan was 1.5 to 2 times higher for nssSO_4^ and 3 to 5 times higher for nssCa^ than that in Southwest Japan. The present results suggest that the rainwater samples in Northeast Japan are strongly influenced by Asian long-range eolian dust.. |
| 407. | 藤井義晴, 中谷敬子, 平館俊太郎, 寒天を利用した「サンドイッチ法」による植物の葉から出る他感物質の検定, 農業環境研究成果情報, 14, 35-36, 1998.10. |
| 408. | 平館俊太郎, 中島直子, 箭田浩士, 藤井義晴, 植物生育阻害活性を持った三種類の新規物質の化学構造と生物活性, 農業環境研究成果情報, 14, 37-38, 1998.10. |
| 409. | 中嶋 直子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, タイワンレンギョウ由来の新規生理活性サポニンの作用機構について, 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録 = Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Botanical Society of Japan, 62, 199, 1998.09. |
| 410. | 溝口 勝, 奥野 倫太郎, 橋本 篤, 亀岡 孝治, 蔭山 誠一, Syuntaro Hiradate, 2-14 遺跡から出土する炭化米の生成機構に関する予備研究 炭化米のFTIR・NMR分光特性(2.土壌有機・無機化学), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.44.0_12_2, 44, 44, 12-12, 1998.03. |
| 411. | 藤間 充, Syuntaro Hiradate, 三枝 正彦, 2-3 石膏を施用した土壌中のAlの形態 カチオン交換樹脂および^AlNMRを用いた形態分析(2.土壌有機・無機化学), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.44.0_7_1, 44, 44, 7-7, 1998.03. |
| 412. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 和田 信一郎, 4-1 SiおよびAlの化学状態変化から見た火山ガラスからアロフェンへの風化過程(4.土壌物理化学・鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 44, 44, 21-21, 1998.03. |
| 413. | 宇智田 奈津代, Syuntaro Hiradate, 井上 克弘, 4-15 活性Al(Fe)及び燃焼炭による腐植物質の吸着特性の比較(4.土壌物理化学・鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.44.0_28_1, 44, 44, 28-28, 1998.03. |
| 414. | 中嶋 直子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 83 抑草活性をもつ天然生理活性物質の探索 他感作用候補物質から, 雑草研究, 37, 188-189, 1998.03. |
| 415. | 馬 建鋒, Syuntaro Hiradate, 松本 英明, 9-21 ソバにおけるアルミニウムストレスの抵抗性機構 アルミニウム存在形態の同定(9.植物の無機栄養), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.44.0_75_1, 44, 44, 75-75, 1998.03. |
| 416. | 中嶋 直子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 抑草活性をもつ天然生理活性物質の探索 他感作用候補物質から, 雑草研究, 43, 188-189, 1998.03. |
| 417. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Satoru Taniguchi, Katsutoshi Sakurai, Aluminum speciation in aluminum-silica solutions and potassium chloride extracts of acidic soils, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200030012x, 62, 3, 630-636, 1998.01, [URL], To differentiate chemical species of Al in soil solutions, a method using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied to laboratory preparations of hydroxyaluminum (HyA) and hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS) ions ([OH]/[Al] = 2.0), and 1 M KCl extracts from acidic soils. The Al in a Al-OH-Si(OH)4 mixture was separated into three fractions: Al13 ([AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+), Al(SYM), and Al(NON). The Al13 and Al(SYM) were quantitatively determined by 27Al-NMR at 63 and 0 ppm, respectively. The Al(NON) was defined as the Al that cannot be determined by 27Al-NMR. The Al(SYM) was attributed to electrically symmetric octahedral Al including monomer (and dimer) HyA ions, and the Al(NON) was attributed to electrically asymmetric Al including HAS and polymer HyA ions. The concentrations of Al13 decreased with increasing Si/Al molar ratio of the mixed solutions, and Al13 was not detected at Si/Al ≤ 0.28. With increasing Si/Al molar ratio, the concentration of Al(SYM) increased slightly, while Al(NON) increased significantly. In the KCl extracts from soils, the Al13 was not detected at all. This result suggests that Al13 is not formed in these soils, or that the persistence of Al13 in the soil solution is strongly inhibited by adsorption or precipitation reactions. The presence of organically complexed Al (Al(ORG)) was also directly detected in KCl extracts from upper horizons by 27Al-NMR spectra. The chemical shift of resonance peak of Al(ORG) was close to that of the 1:1 complex of Al oxalate. On average, 92 and 96% of the KCl-exchangeable Al existed as Al(SYM) and Al(SYM) plus Al(ORG), respectively.. |
| 418. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Katsuhiro Inoue, Dissolution of iron from iron (Hydr)Oxides by mugineic acid, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 10.1080/00380768.1998.10414453, 44, 3, 305-313, 1998.01, [URL], Mugineic acid (MA; (2S, 2′S, 3′S, 3″S)-N-[3-carboxy-3-(3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl]-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid), a multidentate complexing agent, is exuded by the roots of graminaceous plants (e.g. barley) growing under Fe-deficient conditions. The nature of the interactions of MA with Fe (hydr)oxide minerals in soils is thus of considerable practical importance. To examine the availability of MA in dissolving Fe (hydr) oxides, we investigated the amounts of Fe dissolved from 24 samples of Fe (hydr)oxides by 100 μM MA (FeMA) and 200 mM NH4-oxalate (Feo). The Feo values were much larger than the FeMA ones, though the crystallinity of the Fe (hydr)oxides was a significant factor. For Fe (hydr)oxides consisting of goethite, hematite, ferrihydrite, and their mixture, FeMA increased with the increase of Feo, indicating that FeMA would be correlated with FeD, that is the amount of short-range ordered Fe minerals including ferrihydrite. For goethite, hematite, magnetite, maghemite, and lepidocrocite with a high crystallinity, MA was relatively ineffective in dissolving Fe, although a part of crystalline magnetite, maghemite, and lepidocrocite could be dissolved by NH4-oxalate. For soils containing significant amounts of magnetite, maghemite, lepidocrocite, it is unlikely therefore that Feo would be a useful indicator of plant-available Fe.. |
| 419. | Jian Feng Ma, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hideaki Matsumoto, High aluminum resistance in buckwheat II. oxalic acid detoxifies aluminum internally, Plant Physiology, 10.1104/pp.117.3.753, 117, 3, 753-759, 1998.01, [URL], Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv Jianxi), which shows high Al resistance, accumulates Al in the leaves. The internal detoxification mechanism was studied by purifying and identifying Al complexes in the leaves and roots. About 90% of Al accumulated in the leaves was found in the cell sap, in which the dominant organic acid was oxalic acid. Purification of the Al complex in the cell sap of leaves by molecular-sieve chromatography resulted in a complex with a ratio of Al to oxalic acid of 1:3. A 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance study of the purified cell sap revealed only one signal at a chemical shift 164.4 ppm, which was assigned to the Al-chelated carboxylic group of oxalic acid. A 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed one major signal at the chemical shift of 16.0 to 17.0 ppm, with a minor signal at the chemical shift of 11.0 to 12 ppm in both the intact roots and their cell sap, which is consistent with the Al-oxalate complexes at 1:3 and 1:2 ratios, respectively. The purified cell sap was not phytotoxic to root elongation in corn (Zea mays). All of these results indicate that Al tolerance in the roots and leaves of buckwheat is achieved by the formation of a nonphytotoxic Al-oxalate (1:3) complex.. |
| 420. | Syuntaro Hiradate, K. Inoue, Interaction of mugineic acid with iron (hydr)oxides Sulfate and phosphate influences, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200010021x, 62, 1, 159-165, 1998.01, [URL], Interactions of 100 μmol L-1 mugineic acid (MA) with synthetically produced Fe (hydr)oxides (goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite, and ferrihydrite) as influenced by 100 mmol L-1 SO4 2- and phosphate were studied at equilibrium in the pH range from 3 to 11. In the presence of SO4 2-, the concentrations of total MA [i.e., free MA+Fe(III)-MA complexes] and Fe(III) dissolved by MA in the filtrates were higher than those in the presence of 100 mmol L-1 Cl- at pHFe(III)-MA, SO4 2->Cl-. Our results suggest that SO4 2- and especially phosphate applied as fertilizers may inhibit the MA-promoted dissolution of Fe(III) from Fe (hydr)oxides in soils mainly by displacement of MA from the surface of Fe (hydr)oxides.. |
| 421. | U. K. Saha, Syuntaro Hiradate, K. Inoue, Retention of phosphate by hydroxyaluminosilicate- and hydroxyaluminum-montmorillonite complexes, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200040011x, 62, 4, 922-929, 1998.01, [URL], Hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS) ions were prepared from solutions containing hydroxyaluminum (HyA) ions and orthosilicic acids at an Al concentration of ≈4 mM; Si/Al molar ratios of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0; and NaOH/Al molar ratios of 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5. Phosphate retention behavior of montmorillonite (Mt) carrying nonexchangeably adsorbed HyA, HAS ions, or both (HyA/HAS-Mt complexes) was studied at equilibrating solution pH of ≈5.0. The HyA/HAS-Mt complexes showed larger phosphate retention capacities than untreated Mt. Retention of phosphate by these complexes at 0.5 to 50 mM initial P concentrations decreased with increasing NaOH/Al and Si/Al ratios of the hydroxy materials adsorbed on Mt. Phosphate, probably retained initially through surface complexation and ligand exchange reactions principally with OH or OH2 groups, coordinated with Al atoms at the broken edges of HyA or HAS polymers adsorbed on the external planar surfaces and in the interlayer spaces of Mt. This was followed by expulsion of the phosphated hydroxy materials from the Mt interlayers to the ambient solution, and finally, precipitation as amorphous Al-phosphate solid phases. Results of this study thus merit attention in P-fertility management as well as indicate a probable P-induced weathering process in acidic nonallophanic Andisols and in Red-Yellow soils (Hapludalfs and Hapludults) with a predominance of hydroxy-interlayered minerals.. |
| 422. | 松枝 直人, Syuntaro Hiradate, 逸見 彰男, A7 固体高分解能NMRによるアロフェンの微細構造, 粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録, 10.11362/cssj2.42.0_46, 42, 0, 46-47, 1998, [URL]. |
| 423. | Feng Ma Jian Feng Ma, Jian Zheng Shao Jian Zheng, H. Matsumoto, Syuntaro Hiradate, Detoxifying aluminium with buckwheat [12], Nature, 390, 6660, 569-570, 1997.12. |
| 424. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 第44回ペドロジスト野外巡検に参加して, ペドロジスト, 41, 1, 55-56, 1997.06. |
| 425. | 中嶋 直子, 中谷 敬子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, 60 L-DOPAが植物の生育に及ぼす作用 糖代謝、アミノ酸組織に及ぼす影響, 雑草研究, 36, 130-131, 1997.04. |
| 426. | 中嶋 直子, 中谷 敬子, Syuntaro Hiradate, 藤井 義晴, L-DOPA が植物の生育に及ぼす作用 糖代謝、アミノ酸組成に及ぼす影響, 雑草研究, 42, 130-131, 1997.04. |
| 427. | JF Ma, S Hiradate, K Nomoto, T Iwashita, H Matsumoto, Internal detoxification mechanism of Al in hydrangea - Identification of Al form in the leaves, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 113, 4, 1033-1039, 1997.04, An internal detoxification mechanism for Al was investigated in an Al-accumulating plant, hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), focusing on Al forms present in the cells. The leaves of hydrangea contained as much as 15.7 mmol Al kg(-1) fresh weight, and more than two-thirds of the Al was found in the cell sap. Using Al-27-nuclear magnetic resonance, the dominant peak of Al was observed at a chemical shift of 11 to 12 parts per million in both intact leaves and the extracted cell sap, which is in good accordance with the chemical shift for the 1:1 Al-citrate complex. Purification of cell sap by molecular sieve chromatography (Sephadex G-10) combined with ion-exclusion chromatography indicated that Al in fractions with the same retention time as citric acid contributed to the observed Al-27 peak in the intact leaves. The molar ratio of Al to citric acid in the crude and purified cell sap approximated 1. The structure of the ligand chelated with Al was identified to be citric acid. Bioassay experiments showed that the purified Al complex from the cell sap did not inhibit root elongation of corn (Zea mays L.) and the viability of cells on the root tip surface was also not affected. These observations indicate that Al is bound to citric acid in the cells of hydrangea leaves.. |
| 428. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 牧野 知之, 宇智田 奈津代, 坂上 寛一, 4-10 火山灰土壌の構成成分による2,4-Dの吸着反応(4.土壌鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.43.0_25_2, 43, 43, 25-25, 1997.03. |
| 429. | 馬 建鋒, Syuntaro Hiradate, 松本 英明, 9-28 アルミニウム集積植物ハイドランジアにおけるAlストレス耐性機構(9.植物の無機栄養), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.43.0_85_2, 43, 43, 85-85, 1997.03. |
| 430. | 中山 真義, 腰岡 政二, 柴田 道夫, Syuntaro Hiradate, 杉江 元, 山口 雅篤, キク花弁に存在する新色素、シアニジン3-3", 6"-ジマロニルグルコサイドの同定, 園芸学会雑誌. 別冊, 園芸学会大会研究発表, 66, 1, 416-417, 1997.03. |
| 431. | Masayoshi Nakayama, Masaji Koshioka, Michio Shibata, Syuntaro Hiradate, Hajime Sugie, Masaatsu Yamaguchi, Identification of Cyanidin 3-O-(3″,6″-O-Dimalonyl-β-glucopyranoside) as a Flower Pigment of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum), Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 10.1271/bbb.61.1607, 61, 9, 1607-1608, 1997.01, [URL], It had been suggested that cyanidin 3-O-(6″-O-monomalonyl-β-glucopyranoside) and another unknown compound occur as major pigments in the purplish-red flower of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum). We determined the structure of the unknown compound as cyanidin 3-O-(3″,6″-O-dimalonyl-β-glucopyranoside) by FAB-MS and 1H-NMR. This is the first report of the identification of the cyanidin 3-dimalonyl glucoside as a flower pigment.. |
| 432. | Jian Feng Ma, Syuntaro Hiradate, Kyosuke Nomoto, Takasi Iwashita, Hideaki Matsumoto, Internal detoxification mechanism of Al in hydrangea Identification of Al form in the leaves, Plant Physiology, 10.1104/pp.113.4.1033, 113, 4, 1033-1039, 1997.01, [URL], An internal detoxification mechanism for Al was investigated in an Al-accumulating plant, hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), focusing on Al forms present in the cells. The leaves of hydrangea contained as much as 15.7 mmol Al kg-1 fresh weight, and more than two-thirds of the Al was found in the cell sap. Using 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance, the dominant peak of Al was observed at a chemical shift of 11 to 12 parts per million in both intact leaves and the extracted cell sap, which is in good accordance with the chemical shift for the 1:1 Al-citrate complex. Purification of cell sap by molecular sieve chromatography (Sephadex G-10) combined with ion-exclusion chromatography indicated that Al in fractions with the same retention time as citric acid contributed to the observed 27Al peak in the intact leaves. The molar ratio of Al to citric acid in the crude and purified cell sap approximated 1. The structure of the ligand chelated with Al was identified to be citric acid. Bioassay experiments showed that the purified Al complex from the cell sap did not inhibit root elongation of corn (Zea mays L) and the viability of cells on the root tip surface was also not affected. These observations indicate that Al is bound to citric acid in the cells of hydrangea leaves.. |
| 433. | 浅川征男, 藤井義晴, 平舘俊太郎, 中谷敬子, Chaum Premasthira, 原田二郎, 佐野禎哉, 平井伸博, 大東 肇, ナガボノウルシ(Sphenoclea zeylanica)に含まれる植物生長阻害物質, 農業環境技術研究所年報（平成7年度）, 13, 75-78, 1997.01. |
| 434. | 竹原 利明, 萩原 廣, 藤井 義晴, Syuntaro Hiradate, 長井 克将, (15) カラシナから生じる揮発性物質のホウレンソウ萎ちょう病菌 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae) に対する生育抑制・殺菌効果 (関東部会), 日本植物病理學會報, 62, 6, 609, 1996.12. |
| 435. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Katsuhiro Inoue, Determination of mugineic acid, 2'-deoxymugineic acid, 3-hydroxymugineic acid, and their iron complexes by ion-pair HPLC and colorimetric procedures, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 42, 3, 659-665, 1996.09. |
| 436. | 浅川征男, Cha-um Premasthira, 原田二郎, 平舘俊太郎, 佐野禎哉, 大東肇, 藤井義晴, ナガボノウルシ(Sphennoclea zeylanica)に含まれる新規植物生長阻害物質, 農業環境研究成果情報, 12, 33-34, 1996.09. |
| 437. | 杉澤 崇人, 五日市 由美, 神賀 郷子, 井上 克弘, Syuntaro Hiradate, 13-24 鳥海山麓白雪川水系の水質と水田土壌の特性(13.土壌生成・分類), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.42.0_136_2, 42, 42, 136-136, 1996.03. |
| 438. | 宇智田 奈津代, Syuntaro Hiradate, 坂上 寛一, 4-13 各形態のアルミニウム・鉄とリン酸の反応について(4.土壌鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.42.0_28_1, 42, 42, 28-28, 1996.03. |
| 439. | 谷口 悟, Syuntaro Hiradate, 櫻井 克年, 4-3 合成ヒドロキシケイ酸アルミニウム-モンモリロナイト複合体の特性 : ^Al-NMRとICPによる層間に固定されるAlのイオン種の同定(4.土壌鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.42.0_23_1, 42, 42, 23-23, 1996.03. |
| 440. | 林哲央 , Syuntaro Hiradate, 小山田 善三, 各種作物の連作により黒ボク土に蓄積する植物生育抑制作用, 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 42, 97, 1996. |
| 441. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 谷口 悟, 櫻井 克年, 4-3 合成ヒドロキシケイ酸アルミニウム水溶液および土壌抽出液の^Al-NMRスペクトル(4.土壌鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.41.0_28_1, 41, 41, 28-28, 1995.03. |
| 442. | 谷口 悟, Syuntaro Hiradate, 櫻井 克年, 4-4 合成ヒドロキシケイ酸アルミニウム-モンモリロナイト複合体の特性 層間に固定されるAlの^Al-NMRによるイオン種の同定(4.土壌鉱物), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.41.0_28_2, 41, 41, 28-28, 1995.03. |
| 443. | Syuntaro Hiradate, Premasthira Cha-um, 浅川 征男, 原田 二郎, 35 ナガボノウルシおよびナガボソウに含まれる植物生育阻害物質, 雑草研究, 33, 92-93, 1994.04. |
| 444. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 3-15 ムギネ酸と鉄-腐植複合体の相互作用(3.土壌鉱物および膠質複合体), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.40.0_28_1, 40, 40, 28-28, 1994.03. |
| 445. | 保科 次雄, Syuntaro Hiradate, 伊藤 秀和, 山崎 浩道, 8-2 堆肥連用ほ場におけるレタスの生育と品質(8. 畑・草地および園地土壌の肥沃度), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.39.0_106_2, 39, 39, 106-106, 1993.03. |
| 446. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 井上 克弘, 3-8 ムギネ酸と合成鉄鉱物の相互作用 リン酸イオンと硫酸イオンの影響(3. 土壌鉱物および膠質複合体), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.38.0_25_2, 38, 38, 25-25, 1992.03. |
| 447. | 井上 克弘, Syuntaro Hiradate, 3-9 ムギネ酸とアルミノケイ酸塩粘土・ギブサイトの相互作用(3. 土壌鉱物および膠質複合体), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.38.0_26_1, 38, 38, 26-26, 1992.03. |
| 448. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 井上 克弘, P10.リン酸による合成鉄鉱物の溶解(第36回粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録), 粘土科学, 32, 4, 286, 1992.03. |
| 449. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 井上 克弘, P10 リン酸による合成鉄鉱物の溶解, 粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録, 10.11362/cssj2.36.0_108, 36, 0, 108-109, 1992, [URL]. |
| 450. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 高城 成一, 井上 克弘, 3-10 ムギネ酸と合成鉄鉱物の相互作用(3. 土壌鉱物および膠質複合体), 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集, 10.20710/dohikouen.37.0_24_2, 37, 37, 24-24, 1991.03. |
| 451. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 井上 克弘, P20.ムギネ酸と合成鉄鉱物の相互作用 吸着機構と溶解機構(第35回粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録), 粘土科学, 31, 4, 253, 1991.02. |
| 452. | Syuntaro Hiradate, 井上 克弘, P20 ムギネ酸と合成鉄鉱物の相互作用 吸着機構と溶解機構, 粘土科学討論会発表論文抄録, 10.11362/cssj2.35.0_122, 35, 0, 122-123, 1991, [URL]. |
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