| Kosaku Kurata | Last modified date：2024.04.12 |
Professor /
Bioengineering /
Department of Mechanical Engineering /
Faculty of Engineering
Papers
| 1. | Agung Tri Wijayanta, Kosaku Kurata, Comprehensive review on thermal aspects of nonthermal irreversible electroporation, Heat Transfer, https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.22880, 52, 6, 4357-4381, 2023.05, Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an innovative cell ablation method based on the concept that the application of excessive electric pulses induces a lethal increase in the permeability of the cell membrane owing to nanoscale defects, resulting in a gentle form of necrotic cell death. Although the mechanism of cell death by IRE is primarily nonthermal, thermal effects are inevitable because electric pulses inherently generate Joule heat. The larger the applied voltage to treat a large target, the greater the Joule heating and the consequent temperature rise. Therefore, the temperature increase due to Joule heating during pulse application should be carefully controlled to minimize thermal damage. Research on IRE is an interdisciplinary endeavor incorporating health science for humanitarian relief and engineering. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive review of the thermal aspects of IRE based on existing in vitro and in vivo experimental and numerical studies. The paper begins with an overview of IRE treatment covering the geometry and arrangement of electrodes, pulse parameters, and cell death mechanisms, followed by sections on thermal damage evaluation that summarize the significant work of experiments, analysis, and comparisons. Finally, thermal mitigation strategies, including electrode modification, lowering the IRE threshold, and modified pulsing protocols, are discussed.. |
| 2. | Kosaku Kurata, Hirotaka Naito, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Feasibility of Concentric Electrodes in Contact Irreversible Electroporation for Superficial Lesion Treatment, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 10.1109/TBME.2022.3154788, 69, 8, 2480-2487, 2022.08, Objective: Contact irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a method for ablating cells by applying electric pulses via surface electrodes in contact with a target tissue. To facilitate the application of the contact IRE to superficial lesion treatment, this study further extended the ablation depth, which had been limited to a 400-m depth in our previous study, by using concentric electrodes. Methods: A prototype device of concentric electrodes was manufactured using a Teflon-coated copper wire inserted in a copper tube. The ablation area was experimentally determined using a tissue phantom comprising 3D cultured fibroblasts and compared with the electric field distribution obtained using numerical analyses. Results: Experiments showed that cells 540 m from the surface of the tissue phantom were necrotized by the application of 150 pulses at 100 V. The outline of the ablation area agreed well with the contour line of 0.4 kV/cm acquired by the analyses. The ablation depth predicted for the concentric electrode using this critical electric field was 1.4 times deeper than that for the parallel electrode. For the actual application of treatment, a multiple-electrode device that bundles several pairs of concentric electrodes was developed, and confirmed that to be effective for treating wide areas with a single treatment. Conclusion: The electric field estimated by the analyses with the experimentally determined threshold confirmed that concentric electrodes could attain a deeper ablation than parallel electrodes. Significance: Using the concentric electrodes, we were able to localize ablation to specific target cells with much less damage to neighboring cells.. |
| 3. | Kosaku Kurata, Kazuki Shimada, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Application of the Taguchi method to explore a robust condition of tumor-treating field treatment, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0262133, 17, 1, e0262133, 2022.01. |
| 4. | Yoko Tomo, Hibiki Koga, Takanobu Fukunaga, Kosaku Kurata, Hisao Matsuno, Keiji Tanaka, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Thermal conductivity measurement of solid materials using an "ITX" method-A pilot study using DNA solid films, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121501, 176, 121501, 2021.09, A new method is proposed to measure the longitudinal thermal conductivity of fibers and films. The thermal conductivity of novel one- and two-dimensional materials has previously been measured using a T-type probe. Although this method is applicable to polymer fibers and films, the measurements are influenced by the thermal contact resistance between the probe and the sample. We therefore propose a so-called ITX method, which determines the inherent thermal conductivity of a sample from measurements made in three geometric configurations ("I", "T", and "X" shape) of the sample, heat sinks, and measurement probe. Application of the method to DNA solid films demonstrated that the thermal conductivity can be accurately determined irrespective of the relative contribution of the thermal contact resistance to the overall thermal resistance. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. |
| 5. | Kosaku Kurata, Open-source colorimeter assembled from laser-cut plates and plug-in circuits, HardwareX, 10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00161, 9, e00161, 2021.04. |
| 6. | Kosaku Kurata, Toshihisa Iwata, Kazuki Shimada, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Effects of cell morphology and electrical properties on electric field and dielectrophoretic force generated in cell exposed to tumor-treating field, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 10.1088/1757-899X/1096/1/012003, 1096, 1, 012003, 2021.03. |
| 7. | Kosaku Kurata, Shuto Yoshimatsu, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Low-Voltage Irreversible Electroporation Using a Comb-Shaped Contact Electrode, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 10.1109/TBME.2019.2914689, 2020.02, Objective: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a less invasive therapy to ablate tumor cells by delivering short intensive electric pulses more than a few kV via needle-like electrodes. For reducing the required voltage for the IRE, a durable comb-shaped miniature electrode was designed to use in contact with the lesion surface for a new method named contact IRE. Methods: A miniature electrode was newly fabricated by a fine inkjet patterning and the subsequent etching of a copper-clad polyimide film. A train of 10-µs or 100-µs long electric pulses were applied 90 times at the interval of 1 s to a tissue phantom, and its cross section was observed to measure the necrotized area. Results: Cell experiments showed that the maximum ablation depth increased as a function of the applied voltage and reached 400 µm at 20 V. Furthermore, insulation of the lateral space between electrode teeth with a resin and administration of adjuvants to reduce the IRE threshold of the cell membrane did increase the ablation depth by 26 % and the ablation area by 40 %. Conclusion: The miniature electrode developed in this study successfully necrotized cells in a tissue phantom 400 µm deep from the surface with the electric pulses of only 20 V. Significance: The contact IRE for the surface of skin and gastrointestinal tract will ablate cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors by applying only several tens of volts.. |
| 8. | Yoko Takemura, Yasuko Moriyama, Yasunori Ayukawa, Kosaku Kurata, Yunia D. Rakhmatia, Kiyoshi Koyano, Mechanical loading induced osteocyte apoptosis and connexin 43 expression in three-dimensional cell culture and dental implant model, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A, 10.1002/jbm.a.36597, 107, 4, 815-827, 2019.04, Osteocytes are thought to act as stress sensors, and are known to display a gap junction-mediated stress-transfer mechanism. To demonstrate the stress-related function of osteocytes, cells of an osteocyte-like cell line derived from murine long bone osteocyte Y4 (MLO-Y4) were cultivated in a three-dimensional culture and subjected to cyclic loading from a titanium plate. This application of physiological loading using a titanium plate significantly increased connexin 43 (Cx43) expression, the number of dead and apoptotic cells, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand expression. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from the loaded osteocytes induced alkaline phosphatase activity in bone marrow cell culture. In addition, we immunohistologically determined whether bone metabolism increased as a result of the occlusal force in the bone surrounding the titanium implants in a rat model. Increased Cx43 expression and apoptotic osteocytes were observed in the loading group as well as a significantly increased number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells. These findings indicate that stress from the implant adversely affected the osteocytes, which may promote osteoclastic and osteoblastic cell formation around the implants.. |
| 9. | Kosaku Kurata, Keita Sumida, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Open-source cell extension system assembled from laser-cut plates, HardwareX, 10.1016/j.ohx.2019.e00065, 5, 2019.04, Biological response of cells to mechanical stimulation plays an important role in regulation of cell activity, and thus has been an attracting topic for researchers in the field of biomechanics for many years. Stretching is the most common type of the mechanical stimulus that has been used for in vitro experiments. The device for application of stretching to cells has commercially been available for more than three decades. Although these ready-made devices will bring a smooth start of research work, they cost several thousands to tens of thousands dollars for introduction. Therefore, this study proposes an open-source self-made cell extension system which can be built at one tenth to one hundredth of the price of commercial devices. To reduce the difficulty of machining, the device was designed to be assembled from acrylic plates fabricated only by using a laser cutter without machining such as drilling or screw thread cutting. All other mechanical elements and electrical components are purchased from web shops. The accuracy of the reciprocating motion was verified with the fabricated device and an elastic silicone container for cell culture.. |
| 10. | Mikio Imai, Yasunori Ayukawa, Noriyuki Yasunami, Akihiro Furuhashi, Yoko Takemura, Naomi Adachi, Jiangqi Hu, Xudiyang Zhou, Yasuko Moriyama, Atsuta Ikiru, Kosaku Kurata, Kiyoshi Koyano, Effect of a Single Injection of Benidipine-Impregnated Biodegradable Microcarriers on Bone and Gingival Healing at the Tooth Extraction Socket, Advances in Wound Care, 10.1089/wound.2018.0834, 8, 3, 108-117, 2019.03, Objective: A dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker, benidipine (BD), is extensively used in hypertension therapy. In vitro study reported BD promoting bone metabolism. We evaluated the effect of sustained release of BD-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcarriers on the promotion of bone and gingival healing at an extraction socket in vivo. In addition, the effect of BD on osteoblasts, osteocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells was evaluated in vitro. Approach: The maxillary first molar of rats was extracted. Next, PLGA microcarriers containing BD were directly injected into the gingivobuccal fold as a single dose. After injection, bone and soft-tissue healing was histologically evaluated. Effect of BD on proliferation, migration, and gene expression of gingival and bone cell was also examined in vitro. Results: After tooth extraction, BD significantly augmented bone volume and density, and also epithelial wound healing. During in vitro studies, BD promoted significant proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that BD upregulated messenger RNA expression of Ahsg (alpha 2-HS glycoprotein) and Csf2 (colony-stimulating factor 2) in osteoblasts. Innovation: The prevention of bone and soft-tissue reduction associated with tooth extraction has been eagerly anticipated in the field of dentistry. This study first reported the effect of BD on extraction socket healing. Conclusion: A single dose of topically administered BD-loaded PLGA microcarriers promoted bone and soft-tissue healing at the extraction site of tooth.. |
| 11. | Hiroshi Takamatsu, Haidong Wang, Takanobu Fukunaga, Kosaku Kurata, Measurement of fluid thermal conductivity using a micro-beam MEMS sensor, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.117, 117, 30-35, 2018.01, A new method for measuring thermal conductivities of gases and liquids was established by demonstrating the measurement of five kinds of liquid and air. It uses a sensor named “micro-beam sensor” that is a ∼10-μm-long free-standing platinum membrane suspended across a trench on a silicon substrate and heated in a sample by DC. This method is unique in that it is a steady-state measurement but free from the effect of natural convection owing to the micrometer size of the sensor. Improving the method for precisely determining the temperature of the sensor and modifying the device from those used in our previous feasibility study, we successfully measured the thermal conductivity ranging from ∼0.03 to ∼0.6 W/(m⋅K) within 4% error.. |
| 12. | Kosaku Kurata, Junpei Matsushita, Atsushi Furuno, Junichi Fujino, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Assessment of thermal damage in total knee arthroplasty using an osteocyte injury model, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 10.1002/jor.23600, 35, 12, 2799-2807, 2017.12, Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement has been widely used for the anchorage of artificial implants in various orthopedic surgeries. Although it is one of the most successful biomaterials in use, excess heat generation intrinsically causes thermal damage to bone cells adjacent to the bone cement. To estimate a risk of thermal injury, a response of bone cells to cement polymerization must be elucidated because of the occurrence of thermal damage. Thermal damage is affected not only by maximal temperature but also by exposure time, temperature history, and cell type. This study aimed at quantifying the thermal tolerance of bone cells for the development of a thermal injury model, and applying this model for the estimation of thermal damage during cement polymerization in total knee arthroplasty. Osteocytes, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts were respectively subjected to steady supraphysiological temperatures ranging from 45 to 50°C. Survival curves of each cell and temperatures were used to formulate the Arrhenius model. A three-dimensional heat conduction analysis for total knee arthroplasty was conducted using the finite element model based on serial CT images of human knee. A maximal temperature rise of 50°C was observed at the interface between the 3-mm thick cement and the tissue immediately beneath the tibial tray of the prosthesis. The probability of thermal damage to the osteocyte, which was calculated using the Arrhenius model, was negligible at a distance of at least 1 mm away from the cement–bone interface.. |
| 13. | Mohammed Shurrab, Haidong Wang, Takanobu Fukunaga, Kosaku Kurata, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Feasibility of using apparent thermophysical properties to incorporate the effect of blood perfusion in estimation of temperature in tissues, Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 10.1299/jtst.2017jtst0034, 12, 2, 2017.11, Estimation of temperature distribution in tissues and organs is critically important for treatments such as hyperthermia, radiofrequency ablation and cryosurgery which expose malignant tissue to extreme temperatures that are different from the physiological temperature. Commonly, the bioheat equation, instead of heat conduction equation, is used for estimation to incorporate the effect of blood perfusion, because the heat transfer in tissues is significantly affected by blood perfusion in addition to thermophysical properties of tissues. Nevertheless, in many cases, the rate of blood perfusion is not available for human tissues and organs. This study therefore aims to examine if we can use the normal heat conduction equation with apparent thermophysical properties to take the effect of blood perfusion into account. Feasibility was checked by comparing the results obtained from the heat conduction equation and the bioheat equation. The result indicated that the simulation with the apparent thermal conductivity or specific heat capacity does not agree well with the temperature distribution inside a tissue with blood perfusion. However, the apparent thermal conductivity was useful to estimate the size of growing ice ball produced during cryosurgery..  |
| 14. | Shuto Yoshimatsu, Masahiro Yoshida, Kosaku Kurata, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Development of contact irreversible electroporation using a comb-shaped miniature electrode, Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 10.1299/jtst.2017jtst0023, 12, 2, 2017.08, Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been studied as a less invasive method for tumor treatment. Since the mechanism of the treatment is based on the fatal perforation of the cell membrane caused by an external electric field, a tumor can be ablated non-thermally if an appropriate electric field is selected. However, an electric field more than a few kV/cm is required to accomplish ablation. In this study, we aim to examine the feasibility of a comb-shaped miniature electrode for reducing the required voltage for IRE. The reduction of the applied voltage while maintaining the potential difference was realized by narrowing the gap between the electrodes. A 150-μm-wide miniature electrode with a 100-μm gap between its teeth was fabricated using photolithography. In the experiment, the electrode was contacted onto a tissue phantom consisting of fibroblasts cultured in agarose gel three-dimensionally. After the application of electric pulses, cell ablation depth was examined using fluorescent staining. The miniature electrode successfully ablated the cells at the surface of the tissue phantom by the application of 90 electric pulses at 100 V. The maximum and average ablation depth were 72.7 μm and 61.0 ± 11 μm, respectively, which was approximately 40 % of that estimated by the numerical analysis. Our study showed that the contact-IRE using a miniature electrode in the order of sub-millimeter does ablate the superficial cells of targeted tissues upon the application of electric pulses of less than 100 V; however, further studies are required to maximize the ablation depth under the constraint of limited applied voltage.. |
| 15. | Kosaku Kurata, Seiji Nomura, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Three-dimensional analysis of irreversible electroporation: Estimation of thermal and non-thermal damage, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 72, 66-74, 2014.05. |
| 16. | Hiroshi Takamatsu, Takanobu Fukunaga, Yuki Tanaka, Kosaku Kurata, Koji Takahashi, Micro-beam sensor for detection of thermal conductivity of gases and liquids, Sensors and Actuators A, 10.1016/j.sna.2013.11.019, 206, 10-16, 2014.02. |
| 17. | Syamsul Hadi, Mamoru Nishitani, Agung Tri Wijayanta, Takanobu Fukunaga, Kosaku Kurata, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Contact measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of solid materials: Experimental validation of feasibility with a prototype sensor, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.09.068, 69, 256-263, 2014.02. |
| 18. | , [URL]. |
| 19. | Kosaku Kurata, Ryo Ueno, Masahiro Matsushita, Takanobu Fukunaga, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Experimental and Analytical Studies on Contact Irreversible Electroporation for Superficial Tumor Treatment, Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.8.306, 8, 4, 306-318, 2013.12, [URL]. |
| 20. | Takashi Kono, Yasunori Ayukawa, Yasuko Moriyama, Kosaku Kurata, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Kiyoshi Koyano, The effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration stimuli on the bone healing of rat incisor extraction socket, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 134, 9, 091001(6 pages), 2012.09. |
| 21. | Kosaku Kurata, Takashi Yoshii, Satoru Uchida, Takanobu Fukunaga, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Visualization of electroporation-induced temperature rise using temperature-sensitive ink, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55, 23-24, 7207-7212, 2012.08. |
| 22. | Syamsul Hadi, Mamoru Nishitani, Agung Tri Wijayanta, Kosaku Kurata, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Solid Materials Using a Novel Stamp Sensor: A Feasibility Study with Numerical Analysis, Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 10.1299/jtst.7.536, 7, 4, 536-548, 2012.08, [URL]. |
| 23. | Kosaku Kurata, Masahiro Matsushita, Takashi Yoshii, Takanobu Fukunaga, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Effect of Irreversible Electroporation on Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Model, Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 179-182, 2012.08. |
| 24. | Gang Zhao, Kosaku Kurata, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Measurement of Membrane Hydraulic Conductivity of Bovine Carotid Artery Endothelial Cells Using A Perfusion Microscope, CryoLetters, 33, 3, 231-239, 2012.03. |
| 25. | Tomoki Nakashima, Mikihito Hayashi, Takanobu Fukunaga, Kosaku Kurata, Masatsugu Oh-hora, Jian Q Feng, Lynda F Bonewald, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Anton Wutz, Erwin F Wagner, Josef M Penninger, Hiroshi Takayanagi, Evidence for osteocyte regulation of bone homeostasis through RANKL expression, Nature Medicine, 17, 1231-1234, 2011.11. |
| 26. | Kosaku Kurata, Hiroshi Takamatsu, Effect of Hyperthermal Treatment on the Viability of Bone-Derived Cells, Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.6.101, 6, 2, 101-113, 2011.04, [URL]. |
| 27. | Hiroshi Takamatsu, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Yusaku Furuya, Satoru Uchida, Kosaku Kurata, Koji Takahashi, Preliminary Study of the Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with a Micro-Beam MEMS Sensor, Proceedings of the 9th Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference, 2010.10. |
| 28. | Hideshi Miura, Kenta Okawachi, Hyun-Goo Kang, Fujio Tsumori, Kosaku Kurata, Nobuhiro Arimoto, Laser Forming of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy Powder Compacts for Medical Devices, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 654-656, pp. 2057-2060, 2010.06. |
| 29. | Hideshi Miura, Kenta Okawachi, Hyun-Goo Kang, Fujio Tsumori, Kosaku Kurata, Nobuhiro Arimoto, Laser Forming Technique For Medical Devices of Ti Alloy powders, Proceeding of the 13th International Conference on Metal Forming, pp.1308-1311, 2010.05. |
| 30. | S. Imai, T.J. Heino, A. Hienola, K. Kurata, K. B?ki, Y. Matsusue, H.K. V??n?nen, H. Rauvala, Osteocyte-derived HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) is associated with bone formation and mechanical loading, Bone, 10.1016/j.bone.2009.01.004, 44, 5, 785-794, Vol.44, No.5, pp.785-794, 2009.05. |
| 31. | Terhi J. Heino, Kosaku Kurata, Hidehiko Higaki, H. Kalervo Väänänen, Evidence for the role of osteocytes in the initiation of targeted remodeling, Technology and Health Care, 10.3233/THC-2009-0534, 17, 1, 49-56, 2009.02, Microdamage in bone contributes to fractures and acts as a stimulus for bone remodeling. Osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone, and their death by microdamage has been suggested to be the major event leading in the initiation of osteoclastic bone resorption. Even though there is increasing evidence that osteocyte density, microcracks and targeted remodeling are related, there still exist several questions. For example, how osteoclasts are targeted to the specific site of microdamage for repair. It has been proposed that apoptotic osteocytes could secrete a specific signal to target osteoclasts. The other question is the nature of this signal. To elucidate the role of microdamage-induced osteocyte cell death in the initiation of targeted remodelling, this paper discusses the potential use of an in vitro model, in which osteocytes can be three-dimensionally cultured and locally damaged. Furthermore, the method enables one to study the osteocyte-derived soluble interactions with bone marrow cells. It was demonstrated that damaged osteocytes locally affect osteoclast precursors by secreting osteoclastogenic factors, and thus can have a role in the initiation of resorption in bone remodelling. This strongly supports the idea that damage to osteocyte cellular network has the potential to stimulate osteoclastic proliferation and therefore the activation of Basic Multicellular Units (BMUs).. |
| 32. | Jan G. Hazenberg, Teuvo A. Hentunen, Terhi J. Heino, Kosaku Kurata, Thomas C. Lee, David Taylor, Microdamage detection and repair in bone Fracture mechanics, histology, cell biology, Technology and Health Care, 10.3233/THC-2009-0536, 17, 1, 67-75, 2009.02, Bone is an elementary component in the human skeleton. It protects vital organs, regulates calcium levels and allows mobility. As a result of daily activities, bones are cyclically strained causing microdamage. This damage, in the form of numerous microcracks, can cause bones to fracture and therefore poses a threat to mechanical integrity. Bone is able to repair the microcracks through a process called remodelling which is tightly regulated by bone forming and resorbing cells. However, the manner by which microcracks are detected, and repair initiated, has not been elucidated until now. Here we show that microcrack accumulation causes damage to the network of cellular processes, resulting in the release of RANKL which stimulates the differentiation of cells specialising in repair.. |
| 33. | T. Fukunaga, K. Kurata, J. Matsuda, H. Higaki, Effects of strain magnitude on mechanical responses of three-dimensional gel-embedded osteocytes studied with a novel 10-well elastic chamber, Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.3.13, 3, 1, 13-24, Vol.3, No.1, pp.13-24, 2008.02, [URL]. |
| 34. | K. KURATA, H. TANIGUCHI, T. FUKUNAGA, J. MATSUDA, H. HIGAKI, Development of a compact microbubble generator and its usefulness for three-dimensional osteoblastic cell culture, Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1299/jbse.2.166, 2, 4, 166-177, 2007.10, [URL]. |
| 35. | K. KURATA, T. FUKUNAGA, J. MATSUDA, H. HIGAKI, Role of mechanically damaged osteocytes in the initial phase of bone remodeling, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol.29, No.6, pp.1010-1018, 2007.06. |
| 36. | , [URL]. |
| 37. | N. TSUKAMOTO, T. MAEDA, H. MIURA, S. JINGUSHI, A. HOSOKAWA, K. HARIMAYA, H. HIGAKI, K. KURATA, Y. IWAMOTO, Repetitive tensile stress to rat caudal vertebrae inducing cartilage formation in the spinal ligaments: a possible role of mechanical stress in the development of ossification of the spinal ligaments, Journal of Neurosurgery Spine, Vol.5, No.3, pp.234-242, 2006.09. |
| 38. | K. KURATA, T. J. HEINO, H. HIGAKI, H. K. V__N_NEN, Bone marrow cell differentiation induced by mechanically damaged osteocytes in 3D gel-embedded culture, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 10.1359/jbmr.060106, 21, 4, 616-625, Vol.21, No.4, pp.616-625, 2006.04. |
| 39. | K. KURATA, H. HIGAKI, H. MIURA, T. MAWATARI, T. MURAKAMI, Y. IWAMOTO, Influences of newly formed woven bone on tissue stresses in rat caudal vertebrae subjected to mechanical loading: A study based on morphological measurement using a micro-CT and computational stress analysis, JSME International Journal, Series C, 10.1299/jsmec.45.558, 45, 2, 558-566, Vol.45, No.2, pp.558-566, 2002.06, [URL]. |
| 40. | K. KURATA, T. UEMURA, A. NEMOTO, T. TATEISHI, T. MURAKAMI, H. HIGAKI, H. MIURA, Y. IWAMOTO, Mechanical strain effect on bone resorbing activity and mRNA expressions of marker enzymes in isolated osteoclast culture, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.4.722, 16, 4, 722-730, Vol.16, No.4, pp.722-730, 2001.04. |
| 41. | K. KURATA, H. HIGAKI, H. MIURA, T. MURAKAMI, Y. IWAMOTO, Alteration of mechanical properties of remodeling bone adapted to mechanical stimuli, JSME International Journal, Series C, https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.43.822, 43, 4, 822-829, Vol.43, No.4, pp.822-829, 2000.12, [URL]. |
| 42. | T. MAWATARI, H. MIURA, H. HIGAKI, T. MORO-OKA, K. KURATA, T. MURAKAMI, Y. IWAMOTO, Effect of vitamin K2 on three-dimensional trabecular microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.9.1810, 15, 9, 1810-1817, Vol.15, No.9, pp.1810-1817, 2000.09. |
| 43. | , [URL]. |
| 44. | K. KURATA, H. HIGAKI, H. MIURA, T. MAWATARI, T. MURAKAMI, Y. IWAMOTO, The morphological measurements with a micro CT and the stress analyses of the adaptive remodeling by applied mechanical stimuli in rat caudal vertebrae, JSME International Journal, Series C, 10.1299/jsmec.42.492, 42, 3, 492-500, Vol.42, No.3, pp.492-500, 1999.09, [URL]. |
| 45. | T. MAWATARI, H. MIURA, H. HIGAKI, K. KURATA, T. MORO-OKA, T. MURAKAMI, Y. IWAMOTO, Quantitative analysis of three-dimensional complexity and connectivity changes in trabecular microarchitecture in relation to aging, menopause, and inflammation, Journal of Orthopaedic Science, Vol.4, pp. 431-438, 1999.04. |
| 46. | Effects of Intraarticular Injection of Phospholipid Liposomes on Osteoarthritic Rabbit Models.. |
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